NIVFO-Bulletin - 1989 No 1

Magazine Overview

Title: NIVFO bulletin
Issue: 1/89
Volume: 9. ÅRGANG
Date: January 1989
Publisher: NORSK INSTITUTT FOR VITENSKAPELIG FORSKNING OG OPPLYSNING (NIVFO)
Country: Norway
Language: Norwegian
ISSN: 0800-0360
Cover Headline: SPØKELSESFLYENE OVER NORDEN (The Ghost Planes Over the North)

This issue of NIVFO bulletin is dedicated to the phenomenon of 'ghost planes' and 'ghost rockets' observed over the Nordic region, particularly in the period from the late 1920s to the 1940s. The magazine aims to examine these events based on careful studies and factual collection, suggesting they were likely Soviet military activities rather than unexplained aerial phenomena.

Editorial

The editorial section, titled 'GODT NYTT ÅR!' (Happy New Year!), highlights a significant increase in subscribers by January 15, 1989, a 50% rise compared to the previous year. This growth is partly attributed to an advertisement in the magazine 'Humanist'. The editorial also announces that the current issue is a thematic number focusing on 'ghost planes' and rockets, a topic that has generated much discussion in UFO literature. The editors acknowledge that while not everyone may be interested in such 'off-beat' topics, it is important for a publication dealing with pseudoscientific claims to address this myth. They welcome new readers and promise a diverse range of content throughout the year, emphasizing the need for healthy skepticism in an 'unhealthy age'.

Spøkelsesfly - Raketter og UFOer (Ghost Planes - Rockets and UFOs)

This main article by Jan S. Krogh delves into the historical context of 'ghost planes' which were prevalent in the mid-1930s before the term UFO was in use. These were frequently sighted over the Nordkalotten (Northern Cap) and surrounding areas. The era of ghost planes spanned from the late 1920s to 1940, followed by 'ghost rockets' in 1946, which were eventually superseded by UFOs in the mid-1950s. The article posits that these aircraft were likely Soviet, given that the airspace over Norway was largely uncontrolled at the time. Local historians sometimes compare these sightings to folklore creatures.

Krogh notes that Per Brøyn, a lector in Tromsø, has conducted a detailed study focusing on Troms and Nordland, concluding that the ghost planes were a result of military activity. The article emphasizes the difficulty in researching this topic due to scattered information. It highlights the relationship between civilian and military authorities and the challenges in investigating phenomena involving foreign powers. The author suggests that mysteries do not have to remain unsolved and that seemingly paranormal events can have rational explanations.

Norges Geografiske Plassering (Norway's Geographical Location)

The article then discusses Norway's strategic geographical position. Bordering the North Sea to the south, Sweden to the east, and the Soviet Union to the north, Norway's proximity to these regions made it a sensitive area during the Cold War. Politically, Norway was formally non-aligned 50 years prior, similar to Sweden, but had close ties with Britain. Finland's relationship with the Soviet Union was particularly complex. The article mentions that Norway did not share a border with the Soviet Union until the end of World War II.

Military Context

The text explains that the Kola Peninsula became a significant Soviet military area in the early 1930s, with German assistance. While Norway had few airfields, the Soviet Union was rapidly building up its military infrastructure. The article touches upon historical border disputes in the Nordkalotten region involving Norwegians, Swedes, Karelians, and Russians. It mentions King Kristian IV's role in defining Norway's borders.

The article details how, in the 1930s, Soviet airfields existed on the Kola Peninsula, while Norway had very few, especially in the north. Narvik, a growing port for iron ore export, registered the first 'ghost plane' reports in 1933, which continued until 1934. Before radar, it was difficult to identify the origin of these aircraft, but they were suspected to be Soviet. By the winter of 1936/37, such reports were common across Scandinavia, and the military identified them as Russian, though pro-Soviet factions dismissed the theory, leading to the term 'ghost planes'.

With the outbreak of war in 1939 and the Finnish-Soviet Winter War in 1940, Soviet aircraft activity increased in the border regions. Major Lindback-Larsen reported Soviet planes flying a route from Narvik to Tromsø in March 1940, observing preparations for reinforcing Soviet forces in Finnmark. These flights were reportedly made by large, twin-engine aircraft, suggesting they were not from carriers. Military observation posts across Northern Norway were alerted, and Soviet planes became known to the Norwegian military.

Rockets and Flying Saucers

After the war, the Soviet Union began launching high-altitude rockets, which were observed as 'ghost rockets' in neighboring countries. The development of V-weapons, particularly the V-2, was a significant factor. The article notes that after the war, Soviet military aircraft continued to violate the airspace of their western neighbors in the Nordkalotten region. The Soviet Union acquired German V-2 technology and continued its development. The article also mentions that Norway joined NATO in 1949, and the Warsaw Pact was formed in 1955, intensifying the Cold War.

In the 1950s, numerous activities occurred in and around the Nordic countries. The mystery of flying saucers remained a puzzle for the public, with George Adamski's 'biographies' gaining popularity.

Spøkelsesrakettene (Ghost Rockets)

The Soviet nuclear weapons research program began in 1942, with the first atomic test in 1949. Following the military buildup after 1945, long-range rockets, including developments of the V-1 and V-2, were developed. The article includes a map (Fig. 1) showing Soviet flight routes over Norway in 1940, indicating possible routes to and from Nordland and Troms, and Murmansk.

The article discusses the deployment of operational SS-N-4 missiles in September 1955, with a range of approximately 550 km. By October 1974, Severomorsk and the Barentshavet became launch areas for SS-N-8 missiles, with a range of about 9,200 km. It is likely that the Soviet Union possessed missile technology more advanced than the A-4 (V-2) as early as 1955, represented by the SS-3 Shyster with a 1,200 km range.

Moderne Observasjoner (Modern Observations)

Soviet aircraft flying at altitudes of around 30,000 feet over the Kola Peninsula are visible from Eastern Finland and parts of Eastern Finland. Local newspapers sometimes report these regular flights as 'mysterious objects'. Rocket launches at altitudes of several hundred kilometers are visible over much larger distances. The article notes that the Warsaw Pact has the capability to launch intercontinental and continental missiles from East Germany and Poland, although for Norway, launches are primarily from international waters.

Om Mystiske Fly, Mystiske Menn og Mystiske Skip på Nordkalotten (On Mysterious Planes, Mysterious Men, and Mysterious Ships in the Nordkalotten)

This section, authored by Per Brøyn, revisits the 1930s and compares the atmosphere to the 1980s, noting the appearance of mysterious flying objects that authorities could not identify. These were called 'ghost planes', 'mysterious planes', or 'flying X'. Brøyn draws a parallel to the historical concept of 'phantom ships', such as 'The Flying Dutchman', suggesting that the idea of mysterious flying objects has roots in older folklore.

De Mystiske Fly (The Mysterious Planes)

Sightings began in the autumn of 1933, with solitary lights, fjords, and bays being illuminated, accompanied by the sound of aircraft where they were not expected. The prevailing theory was that these were foreign aircraft on clandestine missions, possibly for smuggling, needing to refuel. Swedish police initially suspected smugglers, while the Norwegian navy believed it involved maneuvers between foreign ships and aircraft, with light bombs indicating submarine activity. Some of these planes, identified as Russian, were forced to land in Norway, Sweden, Finland, and Estonia.

Russland Ruster Opp (Russia Rushes to Arm)

To understand the developments, the article goes back to World War I and the Treaty of Versailles, which restricted Germany's military. Many former German military personnel and those from the arms industry moved to the Soviet Union to help build its army. The first Five-Year Plan in 1929 included the expansion of air and naval bases on the Kola Peninsula. By 1934, these bases were reportedly operational, with exercises between ships and aircraft commencing. Key naval bases included Murmansk and Polarnoje, and by 1938, 56 airfields were in use across the region.

Spionsjefer Blir Utnevnt (Spy Chiefs Appointed)

Western countries were slow to recognize the events in the Nordic region. While British intelligence had been established, Germany, under Admiral Canaris's initiative, had built up its own intelligence network (Abwehr) by the time Hitler came to power in 1933. This network was ready to operate when mysterious flights were reported in the Nordic region in the autumn of 1933. Germany appointed a naval attaché in Stockholm, Steffan, to gather information on mysterious activities in the Nordic countries. Britain, in turn, appointed a Mr. Wale as consul in Riga to monitor 'ghost plane' activity across the North, reporting that 99% of the cases were likely imaginary. Both German and British intelligence concluded that any existing aircraft were likely Soviet, but without landings or crashes, identification was impossible. Both nations actively collected Scandinavian newspaper reports on 'ghost planes', contributing to a 'hysteria'.

James Randis Besøk i Norge (James Randi's Visit to Norway)

This section announces that James Randi's European tour was postponed due to illness and that a visit to Norway might be difficult before September. It introduces James Randi as a world-renowned magician and illusionist from CSICOP, known for debunking psychics and 'miracle healers'. Randi offers a $10,000 prize to anyone who can fool him or demonstrate a paranormal phenomenon under controlled conditions, a challenge that has yet to be met. His tour aims to support European skeptic organizations, emphasizing that 'miracles' are often tricks.

Meteoritter (Meteorites)

Regarding the meteor showers observed over Sweden and Finland in 1946 and subsequent years, it is estimated that 70-80% of the reports concerning 'ghost rockets' originated from these events. The remaining percentage is considered more interesting for further investigation. The article suggests that future Soviet rocket launches will continue to be significant for understanding UFO reports in the Nordic region, expressing little faith in 'Glasnost' significantly altering this situation.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue are the historical investigation of unexplained aerial phenomena, specifically 'ghost planes' and 'ghost rockets', and their potential connection to Soviet military activities during the Cold War. The magazine adopts a skeptical stance, aiming to debunk pseudoscientific claims and provide rational explanations for reported mysteries. It emphasizes the importance of critical thinking and factual analysis in understanding these phenomena. The editorial stance is clearly pro-skepticism, advocating for a rational approach to extraordinary claims and highlighting the role of scientific inquiry in discerning truth from myth.

This issue of UFO-Aktuelt, dated 1989, features articles on mysterious aerial phenomena, espionage, and World War II technology. The main cover headline is "MYSTISKE MENN" (Mysterious Men), with a secondary focus on "UFOER OVER DANMARK" (UFOs Over Denmark).

Mystiske Menn

The article "Mystiske Menn" explores the appearance of mysterious individuals in Norway and Scandinavia during the 1930s. These men, often posing as geologists and many of German origin, were observed traveling freely across borders. Some were identified as Hermann Spittel, Professor Larsen, Benecke (later identified as a German spy), and Hagemann (General Dietl's adjutant). The article also mentions "sekkeprofetene" (sack prophets) who claimed to have left Nazi Germany due to its rise to power. Among them was Johan Baptist Müller, who predicted the downfall of Narvik. Another figure was Fräulein Ferkel, a German female geologist who was seen chipping at rocks.

The text suggests that these "mysterious geologists" might have had a coordinated task, and that iron ore was considered Hitler's Achilles' heel during the initial period of the war.

Den Flyvende X Kommer Til Nord-Norge

This section details sightings of unidentified flying objects in Northern Norway during the early 1930s. In late 1933, Swedish smuggling planes or Russian "spy planes" were reportedly operating in the area. On January 2, 1934, newspapers reported a "smuggler plane" over Mosjøen. By January 8, reports emerged of a "flying light" observed over Northern Sweden. On January 29, 1934, the newspaper 'Tromsø' confirmed the existence of a "mysterious plane," so brightly lit that the pilot was visible, wearing a windbreaker.

These sightings escalated, leading to the appointment of Premier Lieutenant Kjær as an expert on "mysterious planes" on January 26, 1934. The situation intensified when a "mysterious plane" was reported to have made a forced landing on Fagerfjellet in Målselv on February 5, 1934. Police chiefs across Norway were instructed to alert Kjær of any unusual observations. The incident drew widespread attention, with 'Tidens Tegn' newspaper in Oslo playing a significant role in publicizing the events. The area of Fuglelia in Fagerfjellet became a center of interest, with officials and journalists flocking to the remote location. The incident led to speculation about the nature of the aircraft and its occupants.

Willy Wegner: UFOer Over Danmark

This section is a review of Willy Wegner's book, "UFOer Over Danmark," Volume 1, covering the period from 1946 to 1964. The reviewer praises Wegner's extensive knowledge of ufology and the book's interesting and educational content. The book details the "pioneer era" of UFO sightings, starting with the "ghost rockets" of 1946 and continuing until the split of UFO organizations in 1964. It highlights the widespread belief and excitement during this period, including alleged sightings of "space people" in Helsingør and encounters with beings from other planets. The book also features the visit of George Adamski, who claimed to have traveled to the moon and other planets. Wegner's book is described as well-documented, providing numerous examples of UFO incidents and their surrounding circumstances, including "physical traces." The reviewer recommends the book for anyone seeking to understand the history, development, and psychology of the UFO movement, and notes that a second volume is expected.

The book was published by Sphinx in Copenhagen in 1988 and is available for Dkr. 128,- plus postage.

Om Mystiske Fly, Mystiske Menn Og Mystiske Skip På Nordkalotten (Article 2)

This article continues the discussion on mysterious aerial phenomena, analyzing the potential origins of these sightings. The author suggests that German military experts, who had helped build the Russian army and military bases after World War I, may have played a role. The first five-year plan in Russia (starting 1929) involved engineers and experts, many from Germany, seeking lucrative careers. Following Hitler's rise to power in 1933, these German experts returned home. By late 1933, with the completion of Soviet airfields and naval bases in Northern Russia, new maneuvers began. When Russian planes crossed Finnish, Swedish, and Norwegian airspace, it caused alarm, especially as these "mysterious planes" appeared in areas without airports. While many suspected they were Russian, communist press dismissed these claims as "ghost planes." Concrete evidence was lacking until a plane crashed or made a forced landing.

The article then focuses on the "ghost plane" incident in Fagerfjell, Målselv. It questions whether the event was a "ghost," "ghost plane," or a crashed plane. The author recounts the events of February 5, 1934, when horsemen reported seeing a light and hearing a crash in Fagerfjellet, leading them to believe the mysterious plane had crashed. A woman in Fuglelia also reported hearing engine noise. The incident attracted significant attention, with 'Tidens Tegn' being a primary source of information. The article notes that intelligence officers from major powers closely followed the reports. The focus shifted to the remote area of Fuglelia, where local authorities, including the sheriff and doctor, were involved. The town's single telephone line was constantly busy with reports to newspapers in Oslo and Stockholm.

Spøkelsesfly Styrter I Fagerfjell I Målselv?

This section poses the question of what to emphasize: ghosts, specters, ghost planes, or a crashed plane. It highlights the public's curiosity about the event. The article mentions that the mysterious plane had reportedly landed and was being prepared for takeoff by one or two men. This led to a large-scale search operation in the mountains, but no plane was found. The theory that the plane had taken off was reinforced by a report of a plane passing Målsnes. The author suggests that the media might have exaggerated the event, possibly by using press planes and personnel to report on the unfolding story.

Hva Slags Fly Var "Spøkelsesflyene"?

The author discusses the nature of the "ghost planes." Based on reactions to previous articles, it's concluded that 99% of cases were likely imaginary. The remaining 1% might involve Russian planes participating in maneuvers with submarines. Another possibility is that these were planes used by smugglers. The author posits that both smugglers and the mysterious planes might have coincidentally appeared in Northern Scandinavia in the autumn of 1933, with the press amplifying the story. The "ghost planes" were often associated with fictional characters like "Lyn Gordon" and "The Phantom," and superstitions.

Spøkelsesflyet I Fagerfjell Blir Komikk

This section humorously describes the investigation into the "ghost plane" incident. It suggests that the "expert on ghost planes," Premier Lieutenant Erling Kjær, and his accompanying police officers may have been overly zealous in their questioning of the locals. The story of the horsemen reporting the light and crash is recounted, with the conclusion that it might have been a rockslide or lightning strike, rather than a crashed plane.

Mystiske Menn I Sikte

On the day following the reported landing, the villagers of Fagerfjell went to the mountain to investigate. Hans Jørgensen, a reliable local, reported seeing figures preparing a runway for a plane. This information was relayed to Morten Mortensen, the only person in the village with a telephone, who then contacted the sheriff. The event was further amplified by 'Tidens Tegn,' making Fagerfjell known internationally. The article notes that the incident was sensationalized by the press, with many interested parties clipping and translating reports.

Leiteaksjon Sett I Gang

A search operation was launched in the mountains. Despite extensive efforts, no plane was found. A theory emerged that the plane had taken off, supported by a report of a plane passing Målsnes. The author suggests that the planes seen might have been press planes carrying journalists eager to report on the news. Morten Mortensen, who had lived in the USA, became the point of contact for the press due to having a telephone and speaking English.

Hva Hadde Egentlig Skjedd?

This question is posed, with the answer to be provided in Article 2.

Om Mystiske Fly, Mystiske Menn Og Mystiske Skip På Nordkalotten (Article 2)

This article analyzes the potential origins of the mysterious aerial phenomena. It suggests that German military experts, who had assisted in building the Russian army and military bases after WWI, might be involved. The author posits that the first five-year plan in Russia (starting 1929) attracted many German engineers and experts. After Hitler's rise to power in 1933, these experts returned to Germany. By late 1933, Soviet airfields and naval bases in Northern Russia were operational, leading to new military maneuvers. When Russian planes crossed Finnish, Swedish, and Norwegian airspace, it caused alarm, especially as these "mysterious planes" appeared in areas without airports. While many suspected they were Russian, the communist press dismissed these claims as "ghost planes." Concrete evidence was lacking until a plane crashed or made a forced landing.

The article then focuses on the "ghost plane" incident in Fagerfjell, Målselv. It questions whether the event was a "ghost," "ghost plane," or a crashed plane. The author recounts the events of February 5, 1934, when horsemen reported seeing a light and hearing a crash in Fagerfjellet, leading them to believe the mysterious plane had crashed. A woman in Fuglelia also reported hearing engine noise. The incident attracted significant attention, with 'Tidens Tegn' being a primary source of information. The article notes that intelligence officers from major powers closely followed the reports. The focus shifted to the remote area of Fuglelia, where local authorities, including the sheriff and doctor, were involved. The town's single telephone line was constantly busy with reports to newspapers in Oslo and Stockholm.

Hva Slags Fly Var "Spøkelsesflyene"?

The author discusses the nature of the "ghost planes." Based on reactions to previous articles, it's concluded that 99% of cases were likely imaginary. The remaining 1% might involve Russian planes participating in maneuvers with submarines. Another possibility is that these were planes used by smugglers. The author posits that both smugglers and the mysterious planes might have coincidentally appeared in Northern Scandinavia in the autumn of 1933, with the press amplifying the story. The "ghost planes" were often associated with fictional characters like "Lyn Gordon" and "The Phantom," and superstitions.

Spøkelsesflyet I Fagerfjell Blir Komikk

This section humorously describes the investigation into the "ghost plane" incident. It suggests that the "expert on ghost planes," Premier Lieutenant Erling Kjær, and his accompanying police officers may have been overly zealous in their questioning of the locals. The story of the horsemen reporting the light and crash is recounted, with the conclusion that it might have been a rockslide or lightning strike, rather than a crashed plane.

Alle Holdt For Narr

This section questions why a military officer with a ship was appointed as an expert on "ghost planes" instead of a pilot. The author suggests that military authorities might have had more faith in reports of foreign submarines in Norwegian waters. The "experts on ghost planes" were likely frustrated after being misled into the mountains during bad weather in January and having to file reports. Journalists and photographers who traveled to Fagerfjell also likely felt deceived, only having travel expenses to claim. The residents of Fagerfjell felt wronged, arguing that they should at least be allowed to report rockslides or lightning strikes without it becoming front-page news.

Vitenskapen I Krig

This article by Mark Birdsall examines "Foo Fighters" and "Ghost Rockets" as precursors to modern UFO phenomena. It notes that little has been published about these lights over the past 40 years, with some authors attributing them to emotional explanations and others to natural causes. The article asserts that the available evidence, including historical documents and German military papers from WWII, has been overlooked by ufologists. While many explanations for these phenomena exist, the author believes most reports have conventional explanations. During the latter part of the war, military personnel observed unexplained luminous objects. In the late 1940s, hundreds of unknown rocket-shaped objects were sighted across Scandinavia, Europe, and North Africa, with no satisfactory explanations provided.

Birdsall emphasizes the role of belief in ufology and how lack of time, funding, and genuine interest have hindered proper investigation. He suggests that the explanation for most of these phenomena lies in conventional technology and breakthroughs achieved in 1945. The article claims that sufficient evidence exists to determine the true source of these lights, focusing on extensive studies of American, German, British, and Scandinavian documents related to high-tech weapons and rocket research by secret German scientific institutions during the war.

Krigens Utvikling

The article discusses the Allied decision to go to war against Nazi Germany in 1939, fueled by knowledge of the Wehrmacht's development of a new generation of weapons systems, including long-range rockets. The V-1 and V-2 (A4) rockets were developed starting in the early 1930s, with final testing and research facilities located at Peenemünde. Key figures like Walter Dornberger, Wernher von Braun, and Professor Oberth led these efforts. Peenemünde was a famous secret German research facility. A large underground complex near Nordhausen, known to the Allies, was used for V-2 production starting in September 1943, involving various companies.

Rapporterne Når Frem

This section details the impact of war and the reports of "Foo Fighters." It describes the physical, mental, and psychological effects of war on personnel. Reports of "Foo Fighter" activity often came from pilots and crews under extreme stress. Many had flown numerous sorties and witnessed colleagues' deaths. During attacks on cities like Munich, Berlin, Nuremberg, Kiel, and Vienna, numerous unknown light formations were observed. The peak of "Foo Fighter" reports occurred in the summer of 1943, when the Luftwaffe's strength was significantly diminished. The article notes that Germany had only partially transitioned from propeller-driven aircraft to jets. The author suggests that understanding the internal organizational system of the German war machine, particularly in departments developing advanced weapons and surveillance systems, is crucial.

After WWII, Allied research groups were sent to Germany to understand the situation. After reviewing thousands of seized documents and interviewing personnel, they concluded that the most important German combat units continued to operate under secure conditions. The work and scientific developments of various branches of the armed forces were kept secret, even from other units within their own weapon systems.

Et Ukjent Fenomen

"Foo Fighters" are described as unusual, glowing, and highly mobile objects that often appeared in formation with aircraft, sometimes in groups of two or ten. Their colors varied from white to dark red. These objects rarely appeared threatening and became a common phenomenon in the German sky. The article suggests that Bomber Command (Intelligence Bureaux) was among the first to detect "Foo Fighters," with reports from RAF pilots dating back to 1942. A potentially explosive film was reportedly obtained by US Air Force intelligence, showing a plane being intercepted by a "Foo Fighter." The object moved rapidly and erratically, resembling two deep-dish plates spinning horizontally. The article mentions a weapon developed by a private Austrian research facility. Many "Foo Fighter" reports are difficult to explain, but the author believes that by the end of the war, the Luftwaffe had developed fast, maneuverable aircraft like the Me262, and other uniquely designed planes. However, the author has not heard theories suggesting "Foo Fighters" were afterburners of such planes. Allied pilots and most German ground forces were unaware of these advanced aircraft, leading to confusion.

The author recounts meeting a former RAF officer who provided insights into a previously unknown weapon. This weapon involved a rocket launched from a ground installation, reaching altitudes of up to 100,000 feet. The object, consisting of two large round metal plates connected by a thin steel cable, was designed to release an explosive charge upon descent, creating the appearance of two brightly lit objects. The intention was psychological effect rather than destruction. The weapon was designed to descend towards Allied bombers at approximately 18,000 feet, circling propellers and wings.

The article criticizes other authors for not considering intelligence gathered after the war from Allied countries. It mentions weapons that simulated Saturn's rings and others that detonated at specific altitudes, similar to incoming bombers. The V-shaped night fighters were in active service, not just theoretical designs. By the end of the war, several of these extremely fast machines were captured, described as "flying wings" with advanced technology.

Den Under Jordiske Krig

This section discusses the German efforts to move vital aircraft, rocket, and industrial facilities underground starting in January 1944. This was a response to heavy Allied bombing and destruction of key sites like Peenemünde and the Gothafabrikken. The article mentions that information was obtained from classified documents about these underground factories, which were designed to produce advanced weapons with higher potential. The author suggests that these were prototypes from the early 1930s being brought into production. The article provides an example of rumors about Germany constructing circular, flat aircraft, which were indeed developed. These were designed to confuse Allied pilots and illuminate clouds. The author believes that by 1988, the puzzle pieces came together, and the sightings of "Foo Fighters" over North Africa were linked to concerns among Allied leaders about new underground research facilities in Romania.

Vitenskapen I Krig

This article by Mark Birdsall examines "Foo Fighters" and "Ghost Rockets" as precursors to modern UFO phenomena. It notes that little has been published about these lights over the past 40 years, with some authors attributing them to emotional explanations and others to natural causes. The article asserts that the available evidence, including historical documents and German military papers from WWII, has been overlooked by ufologists. While many explanations for these phenomena exist, the author believes most reports have conventional explanations. During the latter part of the war, military personnel observed unexplained luminous objects. In the late 1940s, hundreds of unknown rocket-shaped objects were sighted across Scandinavia, Europe, and North Africa, with no satisfactory explanations provided.

Birdsall emphasizes the role of belief in ufology and how lack of time, funding, and genuine interest have hindered proper investigation. He suggests that the explanation for most of these phenomena lies in conventional technology and breakthroughs achieved in 1945. The article claims that sufficient evidence exists to determine the true source of these lights, focusing on extensive studies of American, German, British, and Scandinavian documents related to high-tech weapons and rocket research by secret German scientific institutions during the war.

Krigens Utvikling

The article discusses the Allied decision to go to war against Nazi Germany in 1939, fueled by knowledge of the Wehrmacht's development of a new generation of weapons systems, including long-range rockets. The V-1 and V-2 (A4) rockets were developed starting in the early 1930s, with final testing and research facilities located at Peenemünde. Key figures like Walter Dornberger, Wernher von Braun, and Professor Oberth led these efforts. Peenemünde was a famous secret German research facility. A large underground complex near Nordhausen, known to the Allies, was used for V-2 production starting in September 1943, involving various companies.

Rapporterne Når Frem

This section details the impact of war and the reports of "Foo Fighters." It describes the physical, mental, and psychological effects of war on personnel. Reports of "Foo Fighter" activity often came from pilots and crews under extreme stress. Many had flown numerous sorties and witnessed colleagues' deaths. During attacks on cities like Munich, Berlin, Nuremberg, Kiel, and Vienna, numerous unknown light formations were observed. The peak of "Foo Fighter" reports occurred in the summer of 1943, when the Luftwaffe's strength was significantly diminished. The article notes that Germany had only partially transitioned from propeller-driven aircraft to jets. The author suggests that understanding the internal organizational system of the German war machine, particularly in departments developing advanced weapons and surveillance systems, is crucial.

After WWII, Allied research groups were sent to Germany to understand the situation. After reviewing thousands of seized documents and interviewing personnel, they concluded that the most important German combat units continued to operate under secure conditions. The work and scientific developments of various branches of the armed forces were kept secret, even from other units within their own weapon systems.

Et Ukjent Fenomen

"Foo Fighters" are described as unusual, glowing, and highly mobile objects that often appeared in formation with aircraft, sometimes in groups of two or ten. Their colors varied from white to dark red. These objects rarely appeared threatening and became a common phenomenon in the German sky. The article suggests that Bomber Command (Intelligence Bureaux) was among the first to detect "Foo Fighters," with reports from RAF pilots dating back to 1942. A potentially explosive film was reportedly obtained by US Air Force intelligence, showing a plane being intercepted by a "Foo Fighter." The object moved rapidly and erratically, resembling two deep-dish plates spinning horizontally. The article mentions a weapon developed by a private Austrian research facility. Many "Foo Fighter" reports are difficult to explain, but the author believes that by the end of the war, the Luftwaffe had developed fast, maneuverable aircraft like the Me262, and other uniquely designed planes. However, the author has not heard theories suggesting "Foo Fighters" were afterburners of such planes. Allied pilots and most German ground forces were unaware of these advanced aircraft, leading to confusion.

The author recounts meeting a former RAF officer who provided insights into a previously unknown weapon. This weapon involved a rocket launched from a ground installation, reaching altitudes of up to 100,000 feet. The object, consisting of two large round metal plates connected by a thin steel cable, was designed to release an explosive charge upon descent, creating the appearance of two brightly lit objects. The intention was psychological effect rather than destruction. The weapon was designed to descend towards Allied bombers at approximately 18,000 feet, circling propellers and wings.

The article criticizes other authors for not considering intelligence gathered after the war from Allied countries. It mentions weapons that simulated Saturn's rings and others that detonated at specific altitudes, similar to incoming bombers. The V-shaped night fighters were in active service, not just theoretical designs. By the end of the war, several of these extremely fast machines were captured, described as "flying wings" with advanced technology.

Den Under Jordiske Krig

This section discusses the German efforts to move vital aircraft, rocket, and industrial facilities underground starting in January 1944. This was a response to heavy Allied bombing and destruction of key sites like Peenemünde and the Gothafabrikken. The article mentions that information was obtained from classified documents about these underground factories, which were designed to produce advanced weapons with higher potential. The author suggests that these were prototypes from the early 1930s being brought into production. The article provides an example of rumors about Germany constructing circular, flat aircraft, which were indeed developed. These were designed to confuse Allied pilots and illuminate clouds. The author believes that by 1988, the puzzle pieces came together, and the sightings of "Foo Fighters" over North Africa were linked to concerns among Allied leaders about new underground research facilities in Romania.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue are the mystery surrounding unidentified aerial phenomena, particularly "Foo Fighters" and "Ghost Rockets," and their potential connection to secret German wartime technology and espionage. The magazine adopts a stance that these phenomena, while often sensationalized or explained away, have roots in advanced, clandestine military developments. There is a critical view of media sensationalism and a call for more rigorous investigation based on historical documents and evidence. The editorial stance appears to favor exploring unconventional explanations, particularly those linked to technological advancements and covert operations during WWII, while acknowledging the possibility of misinterpretation and exaggeration.

This issue of UFO magazine, dated 1990 and identified as issue number 2, focuses on the phenomenon of 'Ghost Rockets' (Spøkelsesrakettene) that were widely reported in Scandinavia and Europe in the post-World War II era. The magazine explores the technological and geopolitical context of these sightings, suggesting a link to advanced German rocket technology and the burgeoning Cold War.

The Mystery of the Ghost Rockets

The article begins by discussing the advanced and unusual weapons developed by German scientists during WWII, including sonic weapons and attempts to harness wind currents. It highlights the transfer of German technology to the Soviet Union after the war, suggesting this was a crucial factor in the subsequent investigations into the Ghost Rocket reports from 1946-1949.

The author posits that the 'Foo Fighter' phenomenon, which occurred during the war, was not merely a coincidence but potentially linked to the war effort itself. The magazine emphasizes the importance of understanding contemporary technology in ufological research, criticizing those who prefer to maintain mysteries rather than seek logical explanations.

Post-War Europe and the Cold War Context

Following Germany's defeat, the Cold War emerged, characterized by mistrust between the Western and Eastern powers. The article notes that the Foo Fighter sightings occurred in various parts of the world, coinciding with wartime activities. It suggests that the seeds of the Ghost Rocket phenomenon were sown in the mistrust between allies, even during WWII, as Britain and the US planned D-Day.

German Rocket Technology

The magazine details Germany's development of rocket technology, including the famous V-1 and V-2 'vengeance weapons.' It highlights that these weapons were developed by independent groups of scientists with limited contact. The article then focuses on the Wasserfall rocket (A9), an enormous weapon intended for intercontinental use, which was never fully deployed due to the war's end and Allied advances.

It explains that as Germany faltered, efforts were made to salvage research and technology, with significant assets falling into Soviet hands. The article mentions the 'Paperclip Conspiracy,' where the US military intelligence sought to secure German scientists and technology.

Reports and Observations

The phenomenon of Ghost Rockets was reported as more 'tangible' than Foo Fighters, causing confusion and paralysis among authorities. Reports began to flood in from both civilian and military sources. The article notes that mistranslations and misunderstandings, particularly regarding the term 'Spökraketer' (Swedish for Ghost Rockets), contributed to the phenomenon's notoriety.

Finland and Sweden's Experiences

In February 1946, an unusual 'meteor activity' was reported in northern Finland, marking one of the first public mentions of the phenomenon. Witnesses described objects emitting long smoke trails, flying at low altitudes, and making erratic course changes. In Sweden, hundreds of reports were filed, with many objects described as elliptical or cigar-shaped, emitting glowing trails. Some reports suggested objects were rolling on their own axis before falling. Sweden, unlike Finland, had remained neutral during the war, which influenced its government's response.

Official Investigations and Theories

Swedish authorities initiated investigations, with radar and photographic evidence confirming the reality of the phenomenon. Reports suggested that the objects were likely Soviet tests of advanced, captured Nazi weapons. The article notes that by October 1946, the number of sightings began to decrease, and by winter, they had almost ceased.

Later Developments and Ufology's Stance

In 1948, Scandinavian observations resumed, coinciding with Kenneth Arnold's famous 'flying saucer' sightings in the US. Reports described 'missiles' emitting flames and flying at high altitudes, with estimated speeds of around 11,000 km/h. The article criticizes ufology for often ignoring scientific breakthroughs and clinging to mysteries, suggesting that many UFO reports have natural explanations.

Technological Advancements and Secrecy

The magazine touches upon the rapid technological advancements driven by wartime necessity, noting that even in 1943, German scientists were researching interplanetary travel. It highlights the secrecy surrounding advanced weapons technology, with declassified documents from the US and UK regarding German war technology being withheld for decades.

Sources and Further Reading

The article includes a list of sources and footnotes, referencing books and authors such as Eddy Bauer, Kim Møller Hansen, and Heinz Gartmann. It also mentions the magazine 'QUEST' and the organization YUFOS. A note about Mark Birdsall's upcoming book on ghost planes and rockets is included.

Health and Pseudoscience (Helse-Bløff)

A separate section, 'Helse-Bløff' (Health Bluff), discusses medical humbug and the promotion of alternative medicine, such as acupuncture. It criticizes the media for often uncritically reporting on pseudoscientific claims and highlights the need for informed public discourse on health matters. The section mentions that the Norwegian organization NIVFO has sent letters to health authorities and medical associations regarding these issues.

CSICOP European Conference

An announcement for the CSICOP European Conference in Bad Tölz, Germany, in May 1989 is included. The conference was to feature experts on paranormal and pseudoscientific topics, with simultaneous translations into English, German, and Spanish. Topics included quasi-medicine, the philosophy of pseudoscience, earth rays, and graphology.

Subscription Offer

The final page contains a subscription offer for 'The Skeptical Inquirer' magazine, inviting readers to subscribe to the publication.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue are the investigation of unexplained aerial phenomena, particularly the Ghost Rockets and Foo Fighters, and their potential connection to advanced military technology from WWII and the early Cold War. The magazine's editorial stance appears to be one of critical inquiry, advocating for logical explanations and scientific understanding over the perpetuation of mystery in ufology. It also expresses concern about the spread of pseudoscience, particularly in the field of health.