NIVFO-Bulletin - 1988 No 3

Magazine Overview

This issue of NIVFO Bulletin, dated 3-88 and part of its 8th year, focuses on the upcoming visit of renowned magician and skeptic James Randi to Norway. The magazine, published by NORSK INSTITUTT FOR VITENSKAPELIG FORSKNING OG OPPLYSNING (NIVFO), serves as a critical forum for pseudoscience and off-beat literature.

James Randi's Visit to Norway

The cover story announces James Randi's visit to Norway, noting that it's at the request of several European groups, including NIVFO, and that CSICOP is sending representatives from the USA. Randi, described as one of the world's foremost magicians and illusionists, is known for exposing 'miracle healers' and 'psychic surgeons' like Uri Geller. He is feared by mystery cultists worldwide and has offered a $10,000 prize to anyone who can fool him or demonstrate a paranormal phenomenon, a challenge no one has yet met. Randi is associated with The Committee for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal (CSICOP). His European tour includes Norway, with an expected arrival in Oslo on September 21st.

The article highlights Randi's background, mentioning his 25 years dedicated to exposing charlatans rather than performing illusions. It recounts his famous debunking of Uri Geller, demonstrating how Geller's 'tricks' could be easily replicated. Randi is quoted as saying he would not have bothered with Geller if he hadn't claimed supernatural abilities. The magazine also notes Randi's participation in a trip to China and Australia with CSICOP to investigate and lecture on paranormal claims.

Investigations into 'Miracles'

A significant portion of the magazine is dedicated to debunking paranormal claims, particularly focusing on the Indian spiritual leader Sai Baba. Dr. H. Narasimhaiah from the 'Committee to Investigate Miracles and other Verifiable Superstitions' in Bangalore is featured. He details an investigation into a 'child god' named Sai Krishna, who allegedly materialized ash. The committee discovered this was a trick involving a thread and hidden ash. The investigation then turned to Sai Baba himself. Despite multiple letters requesting an examination of his alleged miracles, Sai Baba did not respond. The committee's attempts to visit him were thwarted by guards.

The magazine also discusses the work of Mark Plummer from CSICOP, who has been investigating claims in India. Plummer notes that Sai Baba has not responded to a challenge to demonstrate telepathic abilities, specifically regarding alleged messages to a military general in Panama. The article also touches upon other alleged 'miracles' and 'gurus' like Maharshi Mahesh Yogi, who claimed to teach levitation, and the use of Y-shaped pins to find water, all presented as fraudulent.

How 'Miracles' Are Performed

Several articles provide step-by-step instructions on how to perform 'miracles' as tricks. These include:

• Producing 'Holy' Ash (Vibhuti): Describing how to mix vibhuti (ash) with rice water and palm it off as a divine substance.
• Eating Fire: Explaining how to use camphor, set it alight, and then place it in the mouth, where it is extinguished by the lack of oxygen and expelled as carbon dioxide.
• Setting Arms on Fire: Detailing a trick involving a paraffin-dipped stick, which can be moved quickly along the arms for less than three seconds without causing burns, creating the illusion of immunity to fire.
• Creating Fire with 'Psychic Power' (Yagna): Outlining a method using potassium permanganate, glycerin, and fat to create a fire effect, often presented as a ritual.
• Producing a Shivalingam from the Mouth: A sleight-of-hand trick involving a crystal hidden in the hand and then produced from the mouth.

These explanations aim to demystify alleged supernatural events and attribute them to simple tricks and illusions.

World Township Books' Decision

An open letter from Simon Coxon, spokesman for World Township Books in England, announces their decision to cease personal book orders and stop offering materials on Eastern religions, occultism, and UFOs. The reason cited is that these subjects are considered 'mentally disturbing' and can encourage people to join 'misguided cults'. The company states they will keep this material for sociological and anthropological study by professionals.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

This issue strongly advocates for skepticism and critical thinking, consistently exposing and debunking paranormal claims, pseudoscientific theories, and fraudulent spiritual leaders. The magazine positions itself as a source of truth against widespread superstition and deception. The editorial stance is clearly in favor of rationalism and scientific investigation, aiming to educate the public about the tricks and illusions used by those who prey on gullibility. The visit of James Randi is presented as a significant event that will bring this critical perspective to Norway.

This issue of Folkvett, dated 1988, is primarily focused on critically examining various pseudoscientific claims, alternative belief systems, and pseudohistorical theories. The cover headline, "Homo faber eller astrogud" (Homo Faber or Astrogod), sets the tone for a discussion that contrasts human ingenuity and creation with potential extraterrestrial or ancient advanced influences.

Homo Faber eller Astrogud

The lead article, "Homo faber eller astrogud," begins by referencing Sophocles' Antigone and the concept of Homo Faber, the working, inventive, and searching human. It acknowledges the progress made in archaeology and the study of human cultural development. However, it quickly pivots to discuss authors who present drastically different views of human history, deviating from mainstream scientific consensus. These authors, including Donnelly, Churchward, Spence, von Däniken, Hutin, Velikovsky, Kjellson, Troeng, Falk, and Berlitz, propose the existence of unknown, highly advanced ancient cultures on lost continents like Atlantis, Lemuria, and Mu. They also suggest the presence of arcane wisdom centers in Tibet.

The article further elaborates on interpretations of ancient texts (Old Testament, Sumerian myths, Indian epics, Egyptian Book of the Dead, Popol Vuh) and enigmatic structures (pyramids, Stonehenge, Baalbeck, Inca ruins, Easter Island figures). These are used to argue that ancient civilizations possessed advanced technologies such as radioactivity, lasers, gravity modification, atomic batteries, flight, and robotics. Some authors even posit that Earth was visited by extraterrestrials in its primitive stages, who taught humanity cultural practices and potentially influenced human development through genetic manipulation or sexual relations.

The author expresses concern that these ideas, often classified as 'speculative archaeology' or 'non-fiction,' are presented as scientific fact, despite their pseudoscientific jargon, lack of source criticism, and disregard for scientific methods. This is described as a "parody of science" and a "laughing stock of serious truth-seeking."

Critique of Pseudoscience and Unscientific Methods

The article details the characteristics of these pseudoscientific arguments: a tendency to find connections between disparate phenomena, a preference for complex and far-fetched explanations, and the citation of unidentified authorities or fabricated sources (e.g., "researchers claim," "Arab scholars state," "Egyptian texts show"). It notes the aggressive attacks on the "scientific establishment" and "overly wise dogmatists" who are reluctant to accept the "proofs" presented by "impartial, non-specialist" readers. The burden of proof is often shifted to the scientific community to disprove these claims.

There is a perceived contempt for established science and its proponents, coupled with an elevation of any individual, regardless of their credentials, who speaks positively about these alternative ideas. The author laments that this leads a large audience to believe these are valid ways to conduct scientific discussions and establish truths. The "irrational and uncritical ignorance" of these authors is seen as detrimental to understanding the nature and conditions of scientific work.

The scientific community is becoming aware of the invasion of irrationality and mysticism into various fields, from ancient history to physics. The article mentions counter-offensives in several countries, arguing that this is a necessary, though tiring, debate. It highlights that the impressive technical achievements of ancient cultures are often used by fantasists to explain them through alien visitors or lost technologies, leading to a "dehumanization of human history" by ignoring the human capacity for ingenuity and dedication.

The author points to the lack of accessible books that critically examine science and pseudoscience, mentioning Sven Ove Hansson's "Vetenskap och ovetenskap" and Sigvard Strandh's "Från pyramid till laser." The article emphasizes the importance of fields like the history of technology in combating pseudoscience and irrationality.

Letters and Reviews

Brev til Radionämnden fra Stockholms Universitet, Fysikum

A letter from ten professors at Stockholm University's Physics Department criticizes a TV program produced by Dag Stälsjö. The program allegedly presented claims that contradict established laws of physics, interviewing an "amateur researcher" without critical questioning. The program promoted theories that challenged Newtonian mechanics and suggested the possibility of a perpetual motion machine. The professors argue that such misinformation is harmful and that the program host displayed a "total lack of judgment" in presenting these ideas. They request that a planned rerun of the program be canceled until the matter is reviewed.

Folkvett nr. 1/88

This issue of Folkvett also includes commentary on the media's portrayal of science, noting similar trends in Swedish and Norwegian newspapers. It highlights a perceived tendency to favor irrationality and nonsense as reading material, with a scarcity of space for corrective facts.

Carl Nylander's Article

The magazine presents an article by Carl Nylander, previously published in "Polhem, Tidsskrift for teknikkhistorie," which serves as a response to the contemporary "debate" surrounding pseudoscience. The article is framed as a counterpoint to criticisms leveled by figures like Elisabet Hermodsson, Dag Stälsjö, and Runa Brar, who are accused of adapting to or promoting unscientific ideas.

Review of Øistein Parmann's Book on Marcello Haugen

K. E. Steffens reviews Øistein Parmann's book about Marcello Haugen, finding it of limited value from a parapsychological standpoint. Steffens criticizes Parmann for accepting Haugen's paranormal abilities as fact without critical examination and for relying heavily on oral sources without proper source criticism. The review notes that Parmann, like other anthroposophists, views parapsychology as insignificant compared to Steiner's worldview. Steffens points out Haugen's questionable claims, including his involvement with theosophy, anthroposophy, and AMORC, and his alleged interactions with historical figures like Emperor Franz Josef. The review also touches upon Haugen's personal life, including his relationships and a tragic incident involving a countess. Steffens concludes that while Haugen may have been a charismatic personality, his limitations and errors are not adequately addressed in Parmann's book.

Al Seckel and Skepticism

An article titled "En manns tilnærming til skepticismen" (A Man's Approach to Skepticism) features Al Seckel, founder of Southern California Skeptics (SCS). Seckel explains that he started SCS to teach people how to think critically and evaluate information properly, rather than just accepting things at face value. He believes that focusing on areas with high public interest but low critical thinking, such as paranormal phenomena and UFOs, can be an effective way to teach critical thinking skills. Seckel's approach is not about outright debunking but about helping people understand how to distinguish the essential from the non-essential and ask the right questions. He contrasts this with a purely debunking approach, which he finds less effective in the long run. SCS aims to foster critical thinking as a positive skill, rather than just tearing down claims.

Time-Life's 'Mysteries of the Unknown' Series

Another article critiques the Time-Life series "Mysteries of the Unknown." The author argues that the series rehashes old, debunked paranormal claims, such as spontaneous human combustion (SHC) and the psychic abilities of Gerard Croiset, without presenting the skeptical explanations that have long been available. The article criticizes Time-Life for ignoring the work of skeptics and for presenting these sensationalized topics as genuine mysteries, calling it "dishonest" and a "mockery of readers with knowledge of these matters."

TV Preachers and Scandals

A piece titled "Sic Transit Glorien" discusses the scandals surrounding American TV preachers, particularly Jimmy Swaggart and Jim Bakker. It highlights their hypocrisy, financial dealings, and alleged extramarital affairs, noting the damage to their credibility and the credibility of their religious organizations. The article suggests that while schadenfreude might be tempting, it's important to remember that even those with opposing views are still human beings.

Holistic Medicine in Norway

A brief note mentions the establishment of a new association for "holistic medicine" in Norway. The article expresses interest in understanding what the association means by "holistic medicine" and raises questions about its practices and goals.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue of Folkvett are the critical examination of pseudoscience, the importance of scientific methodology and critical thinking, and the debunking of pseudohistorical and paranormal claims. The editorial stance is clearly skeptical, advocating for evidence-based reasoning and a rigorous approach to evaluating information. The magazine aims to educate its readers about the flaws in pseudoscientific arguments and to promote a more rational understanding of the world. There is a strong emphasis on distinguishing between genuine scientific inquiry and the uncritical acceptance of unsubstantiated claims, particularly those presented in popular media.

This issue of NIVFO-BULLETIN, dated 2/86, focuses on critical examinations of alternative medicine, media reporting on pseudoscience, and explanations for UFO sightings. It highlights concerns raised by professionals and investigative efforts to uncover fraudulent claims.

Physiotherapists React to Questionable Treatments

The lead article details how physiotherapists in Trondheim have contacted the National Board of Health regarding Studio 1 A/S, an entity they accuse of illegally advertising a laser machine for a wide range of ailments. The physiotherapists argue that the operator lacks the necessary competence and that the advertisements are misleading, failing to provide documentation for effectiveness or side effects, and overstating the machine's capabilities. They express a desire for a debate on the legality and efficacy of treatments within alternative medicine, noting that such practices often only address symptoms and are more expensive than conventional physiotherapy. They are concerned about consumers being misled and feel their professional integrity is challenged by unqualified individuals making unsubstantiated claims.

Media's Reluctance to Report on Pseudoscience

A significant portion of the magazine is dedicated to an article by K.S. exploring why the media allegedly avoids publishing critical reports and counter-arguments against pseudoscience and modern superstitions. The author cites a well-informed source, a former journalist, who claims that media outlets fear facing massive lawsuits from individuals whose pseudoscientific claims are debunked. The article suggests that the fear of enormous compensation claims makes the press hesitant to publish such material, creating a situation where the accuser, rather than the accused, bears the burden of proof.

The article also touches upon the perceived bias in media coverage, noting that while sensational claims about alternative medicine and paranormal phenomena are often reported, factual counter-information is suppressed. The author questions the media's role in informing the public and laments the growing gap between those who seek factual information and those who rely on media reports.

Astrology Course Under Scrutiny

NIVFO has taken up a complaint with the Consumer Ombudsman regarding an advertisement from Friundervisningen for an astrology course. The advertisement presented astrology as a science, which NIVFO believes may violate marketing laws by making misleading claims. The Consumer Ombudsman has requested a statement from Friundervisningen regarding their basis for characterizing astrology as a science, noting that the law prohibits misleading representations that influence consumer demand.

NIVFO also notes that this is just one example among many questionable advertisements appearing in popular science magazines and elsewhere. They highlight that Friundervisningen also offers courses in alternative medicine and transcendental meditation, some of which involve dubious practices.

Rational Explanations for UFO Sightings

Jef Raskin contributes an article offering rational explanations for some UFO sightings, particularly those involving rapid acceleration. He recounts two personal experiences where he observed lights that appeared to accelerate impossibly fast. Through careful analysis, he concluded that these were not extraterrestrial craft but rather optical illusions caused by reflections of lights from vehicles, such as car headlights or distant street lamps, on the windshield of his moving car. Raskin emphasizes the importance of skepticism when interpreting such phenomena, especially when the observer is in a moving vehicle, as reflections can create convincing illusions of rapid movement and acceleration.

'Kjerringråd' (Old Wives' Tales) Radio Program

Another section discusses the popular radio program 'Kjerringråd' on Radio P2, which features a doctor, Aage Bjertnæs, who provides commentary on listener-submitted home remedies. The article expresses concern that while many 'kjerringråd' are harmless, the program, by featuring a doctor, lends an air of legitimacy to potentially dubious or even harmful practices. The author criticizes the program for not adequately distinguishing between traditional remedies and quackery, and for not presenting a balanced view that includes scientific counter-evidence. The article notes that the doctor's responses sometimes appear unprepared and uncertain, and that the program seems to prioritize anecdotal evidence over empirical research.

James Randi's Visit to Oslo

The magazine announces the upcoming visit of James Randi to Oslo in September. Randi, a renowned skeptic and investigator, is known for exposing fraudulent claims of psychics and miracle workers. He will be meeting with the press, testing local individuals claiming supernatural abilities, and giving a lecture with demonstrations at the University of Oslo. The visit is part of Randi's European tour to support CSICOP's sister organizations. NIVFO is organizing his visit and seeking financial support from subscribers and sympathizers.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

This issue strongly advocates for critical thinking and skepticism, particularly concerning alternative medicine and pseudoscientific claims. The editorial stance is clearly against quackery and misleading advertising, urging consumers to be discerning. There is a consistent theme of media criticism, highlighting the perceived reluctance of mainstream media to publish critical analyses of pseudoscience, possibly due to legal fears. The magazine promotes scientific inquiry and evidence-based reasoning, contrasting it with anecdotal evidence and unsubstantiated claims often found in alternative health circles and paranormal phenomena reporting.