NIVFO-Bulletin - 1985 No 4-5

Magazine Overview

This issue of NIVFO bulletin, identified as NR.4-5-85 and part of the 5th volume, is published by NIVFO, the Norwegian Institute for Scientific Research and Information.

Article: Gerard Croiset - Parapsychology's Superstar

The issue delves into the life and claims of Gerard Croiset, a Dutch psychic who passed away in 1980. According to his biographers, Croiset was renowned for solving complex criminal cases, locating lost items, and finding hundreds of missing persons. His healing abilities were also considered significant, and he was credited with making numerous accurate predictions under scientific control. The article highlights a biography by American journalist Jack Harrison Pollack, who spent five years verifying Croiset's abilities and concluded that his results were 'unbelievable but true.'

The article questions the reliability of such claims by posing two critical questions: 1. Are there no omissions, errors, or deliberate distortions in the reports? 2. If not, is there no other explanation than ESP?

Sources of Information

Professor Wilhelm Tenhaeff, the first professor of parapsychology at a Dutch university, is presented as the primary source for information on Croiset. Tenhaeff's books and articles are considered the main source, and his work was reportedly double-checked by Pollack under Tenhaeff's personal supervision. Tenhaeff himself confirmed that the biography 'Croiset the Clairvoyant' was written with his information and under his supervision.

Psychic Detective Work

Pollack's biography suggests Croiset received acclaim not only from parapsychologists but also from police worldwide for his psychic detective work. However, the author expresses doubt about the nature of the 'documents' Pollack claims to have checked, as most were likely in Dutch, a language the author believes Pollack did not master.

The 'Boy on the Raft' Case

A significant portion of the article is dedicated to scrutinizing the 'Boy on the Raft' case, a celebrated success attributed to Croiset. The case, as reported by Pollack and Tenhaeff, involves a 10-year-old boy, Dirk Zwenne, who disappeared in 1953. Croiset reportedly predicted the boy had drowned, his body would be found in a specific type of harbor, and he would have a head injury. While the body was found and some details matched, the article suggests a significant distortion of facts occurred.

An earlier report from a letter by A.J. Allan, the boy's uncle, to Croiset in 1955, paints a different picture. Allan's account, relayed to Croiset after the boy went missing, described searching near a 'gas container' and mentioned a small harbor with a boat. Croiset then stated the boy had drowned and his body would be found in another small harbor connected to the first. The article points out that Allan's version was less specific and that Tenhaeff later published a version that aligned more closely with Pollack's account, suggesting Tenhaeff may have manipulated the details.

The author contrasts the original account with the published versions, highlighting how Pollack's and Tenhaeff's narratives embellished the details to make Croiset's prediction seem more precise and miraculous.

Analysis of the 'Boy on the Raft' Case

The article questions the accuracy of Pollack's reporting, noting that he claimed to have witnessed events that were not corroborated by official police reports. For instance, the disappearance of Anthonius Thonen in 1960, a case Pollack cited, was clearly known to be a drowning from the outset by the police, contrary to Pollack's assertion that the police had 'no clues.'

Other Cases and Failures

The issue also touches upon other cases where Croiset was consulted, including the disappearance of Wim Slee in 1963. While a police inspector, G.D.H. van Woudenberg, reported a successful prediction by Croiset in this case, the author suggests that the circumstances were such that a correct guess was highly probable, especially given the extensive media coverage and the police's prior suspicions about the location.

Several other alleged failures of Croiset are detailed:

• In May 1956, Croiset claimed a missing 31-year-old man from Rossum was alive and in Germany, but the man's body was later found in a canal in the Netherlands.
• In 1969, Croiset searched for 13-year-old Ermano Lavorini in Italy and suggested he had fallen into water, but the boy had actually been murdered by a friend and his body was found in sand dunes.
• In 1966, Croiset was hired to find three missing children in Adelaide, Australia. He advised demolishing a building, which cost $40,000, but no bodies were found.
• In January 1960, Inspector Th. van Roosmalen listed several failures of psychics, including Croiset, who incorrectly predicted the drowning of a boy who was later found alive in a haystack.

Paul Kurtz's Visit to Norway

The issue also includes a brief announcement about the upcoming visit of Professor Paul Kurtz to Norway in August 1986 for an IHEU (International Humanist and Ethical Union) congress. Kurtz, a prominent humanist and chairman of CSICOP, is noted as a significant figure for the publication's readership.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring theme in this issue is a critical examination of parapsychology and psychic claims, particularly those of Gerard Croiset. The editorial stance is clearly skeptical, aiming to debunk sensationalized accounts by presenting factual evidence and alternative explanations. The magazine emphasizes the importance of rigorous investigation and questions the scientific validity of phenomena like ESP when presented without robust, verifiable evidence. The use of investigative journalism to scrutinize claims and expose potential misrepresentations is a key aspect of the publication's approach.

This issue of UFO-NYT, dated November 17, 1984, with the cover headline "MR.X", delves into a famous UFO case and the broader cultural and scientific debates surrounding creationism and evolution. The magazine presents itself as an informative publication on off-beat literature and the fantastic.

The "MR.X" Case: A Hoax Revealed

The lead article investigates the iconic "MR.X" photograph, often featured in UFO literature, which depicts a figure in a spacesuit and helmet with military police. The magazine reveals that this image, along with a drawing of a 'flying saucer,' was part of an elaborate April Fool's joke published in the German newspaper 'Wiesbadener Tagblatt' on April 1, 1950. The story behind the hoax is detailed, involving editor Wilhelm Sprunkel and photographer Hans Scheffler, who staged the photos using Scheffler's 5-year-old son as the 'little Martian.' The photographs and accompanying story were later submitted to the FBI in New Orleans on May 22, 1950, by an individual who had purchased them for $1, believing they were genuine and should be in government possession. An FBI report noted that the 'flying saucer' photo was allegedly taken with a special camera using infrared technology because the object was not visible to the naked eye, a detail that turned out to be part of the hoax's narrative, stemming from a German newspaper caption.

Further FBI documents from May 31, 1950, indicate that the case was discussed with Colonel Bordon of the OSI, who stated that the US Air Force received hundreds of similar cases but did not consider them worthy of further investigation. A handwritten comment on this memo, dated June 21, 1950, suggests the case was discussed with an OSI Colonel who mentioned the Air Force's lack of interest.

The investigation into the origin of the photographs led UFO researcher Barry Greenwood to Wiesbaden, where he connected with photographer Klaus Webner. Webner's research uncovered the April Fool's origin of the images, tracing them back to editor Wilhelm Sprunkel of 'Wiesbadener Tagblatt.' Sprunkel admitted the prank was inspired by the numerous reports of 'flying saucers' in the press at the time, which he did not believe. The story was even reprinted in the American weekly 'Wiesbaden Post' the following week.

The Creationism vs. Evolution Debate in the USA

A significant portion of the magazine is dedicated to the history and ongoing battle between creationism and evolution in the United States. The article traces the origins of the anti-evolution movement to the early 20th century, fueled by populist sentiments and a desire to counter the perceived threat of Darwinism to religious and democratic values. William Jennings Bryan, a prominent Presbyterian figure, is highlighted as a key leader in this movement, advocating for the biblical account of creation over evolutionary theory in public schools.

The text details the legal and social battles, including the famous Scopes Trial in Dayton, Tennessee, in 1929, where a teacher was convicted for teaching evolution. Despite this conviction being later overturned, the case represented a setback for creationists. The article notes that anti-evolution laws were passed in several US states (Oklahoma, Florida, Tennessee, Mississippi, and Arkansas) in the 1920s, effectively removing or restricting the teaching of evolution from public school curricula for decades.

The rise of 'scientific creationism' is discussed, particularly the work of Henry M. Morris and John Whitcomb, authors of "The Genesis Flood." This book, published in 1961, argued for a young Earth, a global flood, and a special creation, presenting these ideas with scientific-sounding arguments to appeal to a broader audience. Morris later co-founded the Creation Research Society (CRS) and the Institute for Creation Research (ICR), which produced creationist textbooks and propaganda.

The magazine outlines a tactical shift in the creationist movement, moving from demanding outright bans on evolution to advocating for equal time for creationism and evolution in science classes. This strategy was partly a response to a 1968 US Supreme Court ruling that declared Arkansas's anti-evolution law unconstitutional. The new approach focused on presenting creationism as a secular, scientific alternative, emphasizing concepts like catastrophic plate tectonics and the impossibility of evolution.

Legal challenges continued, with court decisions in Arkansas and Louisiana in the 1980s overturning laws that mandated equal time for creationism and evolution, deeming them unconstitutional. Despite these legal setbacks, creationists have continued to focus on influencing local school boards and advocating for their views through various means.

Other Articles and Notes

A Large Balloon Sighting in Norway

A brief report from Tromsø, Norway, dated July 19, 1985, describes the public's fascination with a large, silver, shining balloon observed at an altitude of 80,000-100,000 feet. Initially a mystery, it was eventually identified by the Norwegian Air Force as a scientific balloon launched from Abelvær.

Hynek in Norway

This section discusses J. Allen Hynek, often called the 'father of UFOology,' and his involvement in the Hessdalen case. It notes that Hynek has been criticized for focusing only on reports supporting the idea of extraterrestrial visitors and for being credited with inventions he did not solely develop.

Paranormal Abilities Prize

A notice announces that CSICOP in the USA has offered a prize of 240,000 pounds for any person who can scientifically demonstrate paranormal abilities or other paranormal phenomena under controlled conditions.

UFO-Racism

A statement from Danish 'UFO-expert' H.C. Petersen is quoted, warning that the advanced technology of potential alien visitors could lead to a 'cultural gap' that would reduce humanity to a state of 'negroes' in comparison.

Reagan on Evolution

An excerpt from Ronald Reagan's statements during his 1980 presidential campaign is included, where he expressed that evolution is a theory and that the biblical account of creation should also be taught in schools.

"Illustrated Occultism" Magazine Review

A review of the magazine "Illustrert Okkultisme" (Illustrated Occultism), also known as "Det Ukendte" (The Unknown), discusses its shift towards sensationalist and unreliable journalism, noting the involvement of Klaus Aarsleff as editor and the publication's connection to a 'porno-forlag.'

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine consistently champions a critical and investigative approach to UFO phenomena, as evidenced by the debunking of the "MR.X" hoax. It also takes a strong stance against creationism, presenting extensive historical and scientific arguments against it, while highlighting the legal battles fought to ensure the teaching of evolution in schools. The editorial stance appears to favor scientific inquiry and rational explanations, while acknowledging the public's interest in the paranormal and the fantastic. The publication seems to be aimed at an informed readership interested in UFOs, science, and the intersection of faith and reason.

This issue of "Det Ukendte" (The Unknown), volume 6, issue 2/85, dated November 1983, is critically examined. The magazine is published by L.H.Data Aps. or Scan Mag Aps, with L.H. standing for Leif Hagen, described as a Norwegian millionaire and "porn king" with interests in various adult publications and video sales. The article "DEN NAKNE SANNHET" (The Naked Truth) serves as the main headline, setting a critical tone for the issue's content.

Editorial Stance and Content Analysis

The article begins by questioning the editorial direction of "Det Ukendte," noting that while it claims to publish serious stories about mysteries and adventures, its content is often sensationalized. The magazine is published in Danish, Swedish, and Norwegian, each with its own editor. The article highlights a past statement by Aarsleff in 1984 about "Det Skandinaviske Bladkonsernet Tre Mag" using the name "Det Ukendte" for its Swedish and Norwegian publications, suggesting a deliberate strategy to leverage the name for broader appeal.

Pop-Occultism and Occult Pornography?

Bo Bjørnvig's interview with Klaus Aarsleff in Weekendavisen is referenced, where Aarsleff acknowledges the difficulty of balancing the serious and the popular but anticipates "Det Ukendte" becoming more popular, leading to more resources and better visuals. The article quotes Jane Amund stating that Aarsleff has become so immersed in occult matters that he can now sort out the unserious mysteries. However, the author implies that this sorting process might be subjective.

Broken Promises and Editorial Integrity

The article delves into a case involving Dr. I.W. Kelly from the University of Saskatchewan. In 1981, Aarsleff requested permission to translate and publish one of Kelly's articles, offering it free of charge. Kelly agreed, but only on the condition that he could respond to an astrologer who would comment on his article. Kelly's article and the astrologer's response were published in "Det Ukendte" in June/July 1981, but Kelly never received confirmation of his response being published, nor did he hear back from Aarsleff.

This incident is contrasted with an editorial in the same issue where Aarsleff advocated for critically examining all claims and theories. However, the article suggests that "Det Ukendte" may have abandoned its critical stance to maintain subscribers, as Aarsleff himself warned that a critical line might lead to a loss of subscribers. The author posits that the readership of "Det Ukendte" desires to believe in the mysterious and the incomprehensible, rather than engaging with critical analysis.

The Shift to a Wider Audience

After transitioning to a kiosk magazine, "Det Ukendte" saw a significant increase in its readership, from 4,000 subscribers before October 1984 to a claimed 40,000. This growth has led to supplementary activities, including organized trips to locations featured in the magazine, marketed as "shrines" for occult enthusiasts. There are also plans to establish a college on Sjælland, with Aarsleff describing an "exhilarating, almost ecstatic" atmosphere at their summer conventions.

Aarsleff criticizes television for neglecting its role in educating the public about the mystical, citing the "highly orthodox, materialistic attitude" of its leadership. He contrasts this with the BBC's well-researched programs on these topics, which he claims are taboo in Norway.

UFO Connections and Skepticism

The article discusses the long-standing collaboration between "Det Ukendte" and the magazine UFO-NYT, published by SUFOI (Skandinavisk UFO Information). This collaboration involved offering joint subscriptions and "Det Ukendte" refraining from publishing UFO content. SUFOI's desire to be seen as a serious organization led to the termination of this agreement in 1984, as they felt "Det Ukendte" no longer met their readers' expectations for quality and seriousness.

"Det Ukendte" also entered into a joint subscription with a new psychic magazine called "Vision," published by Aarsleff's own publishing house. The article notes that even SUFOI, which previously considered "Det Ukendte" a quality publication, is now hedging its bets by associating with other paranormal publications.

Swedish and Danish Counterparts

In Sweden, "Det Okända" is edited by Jan Ove Sundberg, who is described as promoting sensational stories without verifying their truthfulness. Sven Magnusson, editor of "Søkaren," characterizes Sundberg as irresponsible and entertaining rather than a source of truth. The Swedish publisher, Bengt Lenberg, openly admits to being in the "entertainment business."

Themes and Editorial Stance

The issue explores themes of "pop-occultism," "occult pornography," and the sensationalization of paranormal phenomena. The article is highly critical of "Det Ukendte" and its associated publications, accusing them of lacking journalistic integrity, promoting unsubstantiated claims, and appealing to a readership that prefers fantasy over fact. The author advocates for critical thinking and scientific investigation in the face of widespread irrationalism.

Notable Incidents and Cases

• August 1963 UFO Sighting: A witness recounts seeing a flame shoot from a mountain, followed by a large grey object with windows and a smaller object that docked with it near Skjervøy, Norway. The witness described the objects as oval and moving at high speed.
• Brown Mountain Lights (May 1977): An experiment using a powerful light source near Brown Mountain, USA, led observers to see an orange-red sphere. The article concludes that most of these lights are reflections, though rarer, genuine Brown Mountain lights are described as hovering below the ridge.

Key Figures and Organizations

Key individuals mentioned include Leif Hagen (publisher), Klaus Aarsleff (editor), Jane Amund (interviewer), Bo Bjørnvig (journalist), Dr. I.W. Kelly (author), Paul Mahler Dam (astrologer), Jan Ove Sundberg (Swedish editor), and Peter A. Sturrock (President of SSE). Organizations discussed include L.H.Data Aps., Scan Mag Aps, SUFOI, UFO-NYT, SSE, and CSICOP.

UFO-Arkivet (UFO Archive) - Personal Account

A personal account from Helge Mikalsen describes a UFO sighting on August 21 or 22, 1963, near Skjervøy, Norway. He witnessed a flame shoot from a mountain, followed by a large grey object with windows and a smaller object that docked with it. He describes the objects as oval and moving at high speed, noting the eerie stillness of the water beneath the UFO.

Kunstige UFO'er (Artificial UFOs)

This section discusses the Brown Mountain lights in North Carolina, USA, and the efforts to explain them through projects like "The Enigma Project" and "ORION." While some lights are attributed to reflections, the article notes that genuine lights are rare and behave differently. Attempts to explain them through seismic activity were unsuccessful. The section also touches upon the Hessdalen phenomena in Norway, drawing parallels to the Brown Mountain lights.

Reinkarnasjon med Mer (Reincarnation and More)

This section reviews the work of organizations like CSICOP (Committee for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal) and SSE (Society for Scientific Exploration). CSICOP is presented as a skeptical organization, while SSE is described as more open to investigating paranormal phenomena. The article discusses studies on children who claim to remember past lives, comparing cases from India and the USA. It notes that American cases often provide fewer specific details and are less frequently "solved" compared to Indian cases. The role of researchers like Ian Stevenson and the limitations of American cases are highlighted.

Fotnoter og Kommentarer (Footnotes and Comments)

The footnotes provide context for the articles, referencing other publications and individuals. Notably, CSICOP is represented in Norway by NIVFO. The comments section reiterates the criticism of organizations that promote paranormal claims without sufficient evidence, highlighting the tendency to omit crucial information about the individuals making these claims. The article concludes by questioning the prevalence of "occultomania" and the financial incentives within the paranormal industry.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue are the critical examination of paranormal claims, particularly UFO sightings and reincarnation, and the critique of media outlets that sensationalize these topics. The magazine "Det Ukendte" is portrayed as a prime example of such sensationalism, often lacking in critical analysis and proper sourcing. The article champions a skeptical, scientific approach to understanding the paranormal, contrasting it with the perceived irrationalism and "occultomania" that it believes is being promoted by publications like "Det Ukendte."

This issue of UFO-NYT features a detailed article titled "Cash/Landrum" by ufologist John F. Schuessler, which is presented as the start of a new series called "UFO Classics." The article focuses on the events of December 29, 1980, when Betty Cash and Vickie Landrum reported a strange encounter involving an unidentified object and numerous helicopters, leading to their subsequent illness.

The Cash/Landrum Incident

The article begins by referencing previous comments on the Cash/Landrum case and promises to delve into its details and subsequent developments. Betty Cash and Vickie Landrum claimed to have witnessed a peculiar object surrounded by many helicopters. They became severely ill after the incident, and the US Air Force reportedly had no knowledge of such helicopter maneuvers on December 29, 1980.

In the months following the incident, requests for information from government officials were met with indifference. However, the case gained wider attention through the TV series "Det fantastiske" and articles in Science Digest and Omni, prompting some attention from Washington D.C.

Official Investigations

On February 24, 1982, ufologist John F. Schuessler was contacted by Captain Jenny Lampley from the Washington D.C. Air Force liaison office. Captain Lampley was tasked with investigating whether US Air Force helicopters were involved in the December 29, 1980, observation. Her investigation concluded negatively, suggesting the Air Force does not operate helicopters with two rotors, though this is later contradicted by a photo in The Houston Chronicle showing Honduran soldiers with a US Air Force helicopter with two rotors during a joint military exercise.

On March 19, 1982, Lt. Col. George Sarran from the Department of the Army Inspector General's office contacted Schuessler. Sarran explained that his office had received the request from the Air Force liaison office, as the Air Force believed none of their units were involved. Sarran was interested in the possibility of Army helicopters being involved and stated that the US Army had no official stance on unidentified objects or UFOs in general.

Sarran requested information from Schuessler regarding the helicopter case. Schuessler provided a summary of the case and observation. Sarran mentioned that he had previously been stationed at Fort Hood and was familiar with helicopter operations there. He stated that Fort Hood possessed helicopters with two rotors but did not believe they were involved in the incident, as it occurred outside their usual territory. He also noted that Fort Hood was likely the only place in the area with such helicopters.

Schuessler informed Sarran that CH-47 helicopters were stationed at Ellington Air Force Base in Houston and Dallas Naval Air Station. Sarran indicated that his initial conclusion would be that if helicopters were involved, they likely originated from Ellington, and he would begin his investigation there. He also noted that he had interpreted the case as a helicopter in distress attempting to land for repairs, but this did not fit the situation as no such report had been filed.

Further Inquiries and Witness Accounts

On March 26, 1982, Sarran contacted Schuessler again, mentioning he had spoken with Major Dennis Haire, commander of the 136th Transportation Unit at Ellington, which operated CH-47 helicopters. Haire initially expressed skepticism about the incident, having never heard of it. Sarran also assured Schuessler that CH-47 helicopters were not flown on Monday evenings, a claim Schuessler refuted by pointing out that three CH-47 helicopters had flown from Ellington on Monday, March 15, 1982, just four days prior to Sarran's call. Haire conceded there might be exceptions.

On March 22, 1982, Major Haire contacted Schuessler. Haire, who had been in the Air Force since 1966 and commanding officer since 1978, stated his unit had eight CH-47A Chinook helicopters stationed at Ellington since 1980. He provided details about the CH-47A Chinook, including its fuel capacity, flight time, speed, and range. He confirmed that only military Chinook helicopters existed in 1980, ruling out civilian involvement.

Haire was 99% certain that CH-47 helicopters from Ellington were not involved in the 1980 incident. He explained that helicopter pilots are sensitive to bright lights at night and avoid objects that could impair their night vision, casting doubt on helicopters flying near the diamond-shaped object described by Cash and Landrum.

On March 26, 1982, Haire contacted Sarran again, informing him that he had relayed the previous conversation. Sarran was reportedly digging deeper into the case. Mark Charbenaugh, working with Sarran, was connected to the Austin Reserves, and Haire was part of the CH-47 unit at Ellington National Guard. Haire noted the presence of two microwave transmitters northeast of Houston and inquired if a microwave accident could have been involved, but received no answer.

Haire had no explanation for what happened on December 29, 1980, and stated he was not involved. He suggested the government might have something to hide regarding advanced experimental apparatus or craft that could have caused the reported symptoms.

On April 8, 1982, Colonel Sarran contacted Schuessler again. He had spoken with Captain Richard Niemtzow at Travis and Dr. Peter Rank in Wisconsin. Sarran decided to travel to Houston in May to investigate further. He mentioned that his involvement was not secret and that the Army would take responsibility if its helicopters were involved and found to be at fault.

On May 25, 1982, Schuessler met with Colonel Sarran at a Holiday Inn near Houston's International Airport. Sarran requested a tape recording of all details of the case, which Schuessler agreed to, provided he could also make a recording of the entire conversation. The interview covered the entire sequence of events as Schuessler knew them.

Later that day, Sarran and Schuessler visited Vickie Landrum at her home in Dayton, accompanied by Vickie's sister, Berthra. Sarran informed Vickie that this was an official investigation and she was free to speak to others about it, but he could not guarantee confidentiality. He provided her with a printed information sheet regarding her rights.

On May 26, Schuessler obtained contact information for Carl Mangogna, responsible for the Harris County Patrol Division, and Gloria Eshenbeck, the watch officer on December 29, 1980. Mangogna had no recollection of the events, and Eshenbeck could not be located.

On May 27, Captain Ken Defore from the Houston Police Department confirmed that L.L. Walker, a police officer, had indeed seen CH-47 helicopters on December 29, 1980, and suggested they might have been part of a Quick Reaction Unit. Walker reported seeing 12 helicopters in formations of three, with the lead helicopter using searchlights as if searching for something. They flew at approximately 150 meters altitude and changed course towards the Gulf of Mexico.

On June 1, 1982, Colonel Sarran reported unsuccessful attempts to locate the unit responsible for the helicopters on December 29, 1980. He noted that Quick Reaction Units existed only at Fort Bragg, Fort Devens, and in Panama and Europe, and none had been involved.

On June 25, Colonel Sarran contacted Schuessler again, mentioning discussions about a secret government project as a potential explanation for the incident. He also mentioned that the article in UFO-NYT had previously stated that Willy Culberson was a helicopter pilot, but another source identified him as a police officer.

Medical Consequences

The article details the medical consequences experienced by Vickie Landrum and Betty Cash, attributing them to radiation exposure. Symptoms included skin reddening, eye swelling with fluid accumulation, nausea, diarrhea, loss of appetite, weight loss, open sores, hair loss, and changes in hair texture and nail condition.

Military and UFO Perspectives

Various military installations, including Fort Polk, Fort Hood, and Dallas Naval Air System, denied having any aircraft or helicopters in the Huffman area at the time of the incident. The article notes that ufologist John F. Schuessler believes military organizations could better serve the public by being more open about such events, suggesting that the witnesses did not necessarily believe it was an alien spacecraft but rather a government-supported exercise.

SUFOI Visit

The article includes a section about a visit by NIVFO to SUFOI (Scandinavian UFO Information), a photo archive organization. Kim Møller Hansen, head of SUFOI's photo department, discussed their extensive archive of UFO photo cases and their plans to examine older, unexplained cases.

Soviet UFOs and Rocket Launches

Another section discusses Soviet UFO sightings, suggesting that many were caused by unannounced rocket launches from the Plesetsk space center. These launches, particularly the fourth stage of rockets, created phenomena like "green skies" and glowing clouds, which were sometimes mistaken for UFOs. The article mentions that Soviet scientists have acknowledged that some "anomalous atmospheric phenomena" were caused by rocket launches.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue revolve around the Cash/Landrum incident, the investigation into potential military involvement, and the physical and psychological effects on the witnesses. There is a clear focus on the challenges of obtaining information from official sources and the skepticism surrounding UFO phenomena. The editorial stance appears to be one of critical inquiry, presenting witness accounts and investigative efforts while also acknowledging potential biases and the need for rigorous examination of evidence, as highlighted by the critique of ufologist John F. Schuessler's methods and the mention of Philip J. Klass's skepticism.

This issue of UFO-NYT, dated Summer 1985 (Volume IX, Issue 4), delves into both UFO phenomena and the philosophical implications of modern physics, particularly quantum mechanics and consciousness. The magazine features reports on sightings and explores complex scientific and philosophical concepts.

Soviet UFO Sighting Over Minsk

The issue details a significant UFO observation by the crew of a Soviet Tu-134 aircraft flying near Minsk. The report, originally from the Soviet newspaper Trud, describes the pilots' encounter with a strange, elongated, yellow and green object. The object initially appeared stationary, like a "star," but then emitted a bright beam of light towards the ground. The pilots described a "glass clock" where time seemed to stand still. The object then produced multiple light cones and later a green glow. The pilots reported that the object approached at high speed on a collision course, but then stopped and moved away. The object was described as "sky-fly" with a tail, glowing yellow and green, with a dense core where the aircraft's engine exhaust would be.

Air traffic control in Minsk initially could not detect the object on radar. However, a second aircraft, a TU-134 from Leningrad, eventually spotted the "sky-fly" at a distance of about 15 km. The object was observed to change shape, developing a "tail" and transforming from an elliptical to a square shape. It was described as flying at 10,000 meters altitude and 800 km/h, keeping pace with the aircraft. The object was also observed passing over Vilnius and Riga, where other air traffic controllers also reported seeing it. Upon landing in Tallinn, the crew was informed that radar had detected two additional unidentified points alongside the TU-134, which were not consistently visible.

James E. Oberg, a CSICOP representative and author, is cited as the source for this report, noting that similar Soviet UFO incidents are often kept secret to protect state secrets. He suggests that restrictions on reporting may lead to such sightings remaining "unidentified."

UFO Sighting in Fiksdal, Norway

A brief report highlights a sighting by a woman in Fiksdal, Norway, who reported seeing mysterious luminous objects multiple times during the summer of 1985. These sightings occurred around 1 AM and involved objects emitting strong light, described as being like a "high mountain sun." The objects were seen in areas like Oterskaret, Mælskaret, and Nakkedalen. The local newspaper, Bygdebladet, published a note seeking further information and explanations.

NIVFO (Norwegian UFO Information Organization) also published a notice in the same newspaper, requesting more specific data. The woman who reported the sighting was contacted, and while she confirmed the unusual nature of the lights, she became hesitant when asked for exact data. The report suggests the sightings might be related to rockets or lights suspended from balloons, but also notes the presence of "unknown geologists" in the area at the time.

The Role of Consciousness in Physics

A substantial portion of the magazine is dedicated to exploring the implications of quantum mechanics and relativity on our understanding of reality and the role of consciousness. Professor Jens Tellefsen discusses how classical physics viewed the universe as a mechanical clockwork, with humans as automatons. However, Einstein's theory of relativity introduced the concept of relative space and time, dependent on the observer's frame of reference. Quantum mechanics, Tellefsen explains, has gone further, revealing that at the atomic level, cause and effect are not always deterministic, and outcomes can depend on chance and the observer's interaction.

The articles highlight the counter-intuitive nature of the quantum world, where particles can exhibit wave-like properties and exist in multiple states simultaneously (superposition). The concept of the observer effect is central, suggesting that the act of measurement or observation is not passive but actively influences the quantum system, collapsing possibilities into a concrete reality. This challenges the notion of an objective reality independent of the observer.

Physicists like Niels Bohr and Albert Einstein debated these concepts. While Einstein believed in an objective reality independent of observation, Bohr argued that the observer plays a critical role in defining the properties of quantum particles. Experiments have largely supported Bohr's view, indicating that the observer is an active participant in the quantum realm.

The text explores the idea that the universe might be a network of interconnected relationships rather than discrete objects. The concept of complementarity, where seemingly contradictory properties (like wave and particle) are both necessary to describe a phenomenon, is discussed. The "two-slit experiment" is used as an example, where particles seem to pass through both slits simultaneously when unobserved, but only one when observed.

The Observer Problem and Quantum Paradoxes

The difficulty in studying micro-objects arises because our measurement tools are macroscopic, creating a feedback loop. The article introduces John von Neumann's concept of an infinite chain of measurement, where to truly measure a quantum object, one would need an infinite series of measuring devices, each measuring the previous one. This leads to the question of how this chain can be broken.

Eugene Wigner proposes that human consciousness is the key to breaking this chain. He suggests that consciousness has an overarching function that is not limited by physical space and time, and it is consciousness that forces a decision, concretizing one possibility from many. This implies that consciousness is not merely a product of the brain but has a more fundamental role in shaping reality.

Schrödinger's Cat

Erwin Schrödinger's famous thought experiment, "Schrödinger's cat," is explained in detail. In this experiment, a cat's fate (alive or dead) is linked to a quantum event (radioactive decay). According to quantum mechanics, until the box is opened and observed, the cat exists in a superposition of both states – alive and dead simultaneously. This paradox highlights the counter-intuitive nature of quantum reality and the unresolved problem of how observation leads to a definite outcome.

Parapsychology and the Paranormal Worldview

Paul Kurtz, in an excerpt, discusses the rise of the "paranormal worldview" and its challenge to established scientific systems. He notes that many who are drawn to paranormal phenomena claim their hypotheses are "confirmed in scientific laboratories." Kurtz argues that while there is much unknown, claims of the paranormal should not be accepted without rigorous scientific investigation. He outlines principles that parapsychologists often seek to overturn, such as the irreversibility of causality, the mind's ability to affect matter without physical intervention, and the possibility of extrasensory perception or communication with non-physical entities.

Kurtz emphasizes that established scientific principles are based on extensive observations and should not be discarded lightly. He suggests that while these principles may evolve, any modifications must be supported by overwhelming empirical evidence.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

This issue of UFO-NYT demonstrates a dual focus: reporting on unexplained aerial phenomena and exploring the profound philosophical questions raised by modern physics. The magazine appears to present UFO sightings as genuine phenomena that warrant investigation, while also engaging deeply with scientific theories that challenge our everyday understanding of reality. The articles on quantum mechanics and consciousness suggest an editorial stance that acknowledges the limitations of classical, materialistic explanations and is open to the idea that consciousness may play a more active role in the universe than previously assumed. The discussion on parapsychology indicates a critical yet open-minded approach to anomalous phenomena, emphasizing the need for scientific rigor while not dismissing the possibility of phenomena beyond current understanding.

Title: Skeptica
Issue: 1/1985
Date: January 1985
Publisher: Skeptica
Country: Norway
Language: Norwegian

This issue of Skeptica, a Norwegian magazine focused on critical examination of pseudoscientific claims, delves into various topics including UFO sightings, fringe archaeology, and the health food industry. The magazine champions skepticism and scientific rigor, aiming to debunk sensationalist claims often found in 'off-beat' literature.

Articles and Content

Pseudovitenskap (Pseudoscience)

The issue begins with an exploration of the term 'pseudoscience,' defining it as applicable to research projects that lack rigorous experimental methods, a coherent conceptual framework, or whose results cannot be verified by neutral observers. The author notes that despite decades of research, little progress has been made in parapsychology, and the lack of replicable experiments is a major stumbling block. The article highlights the need for strong evidence to support extraordinary claims, especially when they contradict established scientific principles.

Eksperimenter Som Ikke Lar Seg Gjentta (Experiments That Cannot Be Repeated)

This section discusses the critical issue of replicability in scientific research, particularly in parapsychology. It argues that for parapsychological claims to be accepted, they must be demonstrable under the most stringent test conditions and repeatable by independent researchers. The author quotes C.P. Snow, who suggests that many reported paranormal phenomena are linked to religious hysteria, delusion, or fraud. The article emphasizes that a genuine paranormal ability would be demonstrated convincingly, not through magic tricks or illusionism.

Mer Om Pyramidene i Australia (More About Pyramids in Australia)

This article investigates claims made by Leif Kjær in the Danish publication 'Det Ukændte' about pyramids in Australia. Dr. A.G. Wheeler of Australian Skeptics investigated these claims, finding them to be false. Specifically, claims about a 'stone disk' and carved figures near Gympie were unsubstantiated. Dr. Wheeler found no evidence of a stone disk of the described size, nor were the carved figures identified as being made by indigenous people. Bob McQueen from the Queensland Department of Aboriginal Affairs also confirmed the lack of support for these claims.

Falske Påstander Og Sitatfusk (False Claims and Citation Fraud)

This section provides examples of how 'off-beat' literature misrepresents facts and quotes. It points out inaccuracies in Leif Kjær's articles, such as misidentifying individuals and institutions. The article suggests that such publications often serve as promotional material for speculative books, disregarding the consequences of spreading misinformation.

Miskjente Forskere? (Misunderstood Researchers?)

This piece critiques the tendency of 'amateur researchers' and proponents of fringe theories to portray themselves as misunderstood geniuses, similar to historical figures who were initially rejected but later proven right. The article references Bjarno Finderup, an 'astro-archaeologist,' and his book, which promotes ideas similar to Erich von Däniken's, suggesting ancient visitors from space and advanced ancient technology. The author criticizes this approach as selective use of evidence and dubious sourcing.

"Ansiktet På Mars" ("The Face on Mars")

Martin Gardner's contribution examines the 'Face on Mars' phenomenon. He explains that the image, taken by the Viking 1 orbiter, is a natural geological formation. The 'face' is a mesa in the Cydonia region, approximately one mile in diameter, whose features (nose, mouth, eyes) are created by shadows and erosion. Gardner contrasts this with pareidolia, the psychological phenomenon of perceiving familiar patterns in random stimuli, citing examples like clouds resembling faces or the 'Great Stone Face' in New Hampshire. He also mentions the 'Happy Face' crater, another example of perceived faces formed by geological processes.

UFO-Observasjoner På Månen Og Mars (UFO Observations on the Moon and Mars)

This section discusses how UFO enthusiasts interpret images of the Moon and Mars, often finding 'evidence' of alien structures or artifacts. Examples include H. Percy Wilkins's claim of a bridge on the Moon and claims of mysterious spires or monoliths. The article explains these as misinterpretations of natural formations or shadows caused by low sun angles. It also touches upon the 'Inca City' formation on Mars, which is presented as a city ruin but is likely a natural geological feature.

Politifolk Så UFO Over Østersøen (Police Saw UFO Over the Baltic Sea)

This article reports on a UFO sighting by Danish police near Rødby Færge on May 21. Police assistant L. Prier Jensen observed a black, shiny, cigar-shaped object about 2-3 meters long, approximately 2 km offshore. The object was reported to the authorities, and the Danish press covered the event. Investigations revealed that the object was likely a 'Solar Zeppelin,' a type of blimp made in West Germany, costing about 5.80 DM. These blimps are described as long, black, sausage-shaped bags filled with air, which can appear as UFOs when illuminated by the sun.

Hallusinasjoner Hos Gisler (Hallucinations in Hostages)

This section discusses documented cases of hallucinations experienced by hostages. A study of 30 cases involving 31 hostages, including prisoners of war, victims of rape, and 'UFO abductees,' found that isolation, sensory deprivation, and threats of violence were significant factors. For 8 of the hostages, these conditions led to visual hallucinations. The article presents a case of an 18-year-old female student who experienced hallucinations of lights, animals, and insects, and heard whispers, which were later attributed to the police operation to rescue her.

Løgn Og Latin I Helsekost (Lies and Latin in Health Food)

This article critically examines the health food industry, based on a report by Bente Elsborg Jensen and Torben Leth. It argues that consumers are often misled and spend more money without gaining health benefits. The report found no significant difference in the levels of pesticides, heavy metals, or nitrates between regular food and health food. Furthermore, many herbal teas contained pesticide residues, and some contained illegal substances. The article also highlights issues with vitamin and mineral supplements, where manufacturers often fail to report ingredients to authorities, and the actual contents do not match the declared information. It cites an example where a product declared to contain eight ingredients was found to contain eight entirely different ones, including a banned herb.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue of Skeptica are the critical examination of pseudoscientific claims, the importance of scientific methodology (especially replicability), and the debunking of sensationalist narratives. The editorial stance is clearly one of skepticism towards claims lacking empirical evidence and rigorous verification. The magazine promotes critical thinking and encourages readers to question extraordinary claims, particularly those found in UFO literature, fringe archaeology, and alternative health circles. The publication aims to educate the public about the pitfalls of misinformation and the importance of scientific evidence.

Title: NIVFO-Bulletin
Issue: 4-5/85
Date: January 1985 (implied by issue number and content)
Publisher: NIVFO
Country: Norway
Language: Norwegian

This issue of NIVFO-Bulletin critically examines paranormal phenomena and UFO-related claims, with a strong emphasis on skepticism and debunking. The magazine aims to provide a scientific investigation into topics often relegated to pseudoscience, distinguishing between genuine mysteries and fabricated stories.

Uri Geller Slår til Igjen

The lead article, "URI GELLER SLÅR TIL IGJEN" (Uri Geller Strikes Again), revisits the phenomenon of Uri Geller, the spoon-bending performer who became a multimillionaire. The article references a previous detailed account in NIVFO-Bulletin and notes Geller's comeback. It highlights an article from Express nr.5/85 detailing his performances in England. The core of this section is an exposé by Jan Krosby, who argues that Geller is not supernatural but a stage magician using mentalism. Krosby claims he can perform similar tricks and asserts that Geller's success relies on mass psychology and a large number of assistants. The article warns that Geller is "dangerous" and has misled people, citing an extreme case in Denmark where a mother allegedly stopped giving her child insulin for diabetes, believing in Geller's healing powers.

"Fysiske Spor" (Physical Traces)

This section delves into the concept of physical evidence related to UFO sightings. It recounts an incident from August 7, 1968, where chemical engineer Vladislav Hagen observed a large, light-blue light. Two years later, he found a mass of small metallic needles in the same area. These needles were sent for analysis to SUFOI and were found to consist mainly of zinc. The article speculates whether these could be radar chaff, material ejected from aircraft to confuse radar, but notes they appear too small for this purpose. The origin and purpose of the needles remain unknown, and their connection to the observed phenomenon is deemed uncertain. The needles were found in Czechoslovakia.

Hessdalen

During the period when observations in Hessdalen were popular, a potentially mysterious fragment was discovered in a field. An ufologist commented on the find, suggesting it would be analyzed. However, the fragment turned out to be ordinary terrestrial plastic. The article notes that this important clarification was communicated to the public through a new statement to the press.

George Adamski and Physical Evidence

The legendary contactee George Adamski is mentioned in a brief anecdote. He was asked why he didn't bring back alien cutlery as proof. Adamski reportedly replied that it wouldn't prove anything, as extraterrestrial eating utensils would not differ from earthly ones. This anecdote serves to illustrate the difficulty in obtaining conclusive physical evidence for alien visitation.

Classic UFO Photo

A classic UFO photograph, widely seen in UFO literature, is presented. Taken by Joe Kerska on October 10, 1956, near Twin Peaks, San Francisco, the image depicts a model made of balsa wood, about 12 inches in diameter. The model was painted and thrown into the air, creating the appearance of a UFO.

Other Mentions and Themes

• Animal Afterlife: A section titled "DYRENES LIV ETTER DØDEN" (The Life of Animals After Death) discusses claims of pets communicating from beyond the grave and references articles in Inner Light and National Enquirer about animals exhibiting paranormal abilities or having extraterrestrial origins (from the Pleiades).
• Media and Pseudoscience: The magazine criticizes how mass media often supports pseudoscience and superstition. It references an article from the Danish Weekendavisen by Anders Munck titled "Foragt for hæderlighed" (Contempt for Honesty), which discusses a cultural shift away from integrity.
• UFO/UAP Content: The bulletin announces a new series focusing on "classics," i.e., well-known UFO cases, acknowledging reader requests for more UFO/UAP material. It notes that UFO archives are becoming more accessible, with ufologists like Bill Chalker gaining access to military UFO archives in Australia and Sweden.
• Firewalking: The upcoming issue will reportedly cover the phenomenon of firewalking, examining its physics.
• Magazine Operations: The editorial discusses the upcoming year-end, considering price adjustments or page reductions for the magazine, but states NIVFO-Bulletin will maintain its current price and page count.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring theme throughout this issue is a critical and skeptical approach to paranormal claims and UFO phenomena. The editorial stance is firmly rooted in scientific inquiry, aiming to debunk fraudulent claims and expose the mechanisms behind pseudoscientific beliefs, such as mass psychology and media manipulation. The magazine positions itself as a source for reasoned analysis, contrasting with sensationalist reporting and unsubstantiated narratives. It champions the need for critical examination of evidence and warns against the dangers of unverified beliefs, particularly those promoted by figures like Uri Geller.