Magonia - No 81 - 2003 05

Magazine Overview

MAGONIA issue 81, dated May 2003, is a publication focused on interpreting contemporary vision and belief, with a particular emphasis on UFOs and unexplained phenomena. The cover prominently features an illustration related to scientific discussion and highlights articles on "Ball lightning" by Martin Shough, and critiques of claims surrounding Viktor Schauberger and Erich von Daniken by Kevin McClure and Gareth Medway.

Editorial Notes

The "Editorial Notes" section by John Rimmer discusses the decline in interest and membership of UFO organizations in the UK, citing BUFORA as an example. He contrasts this with the perceived health of non-English language publications and speculates on the impact of the internet. Rimmer also announces a subscription price increase for UK readers due to rising costs, offering a six-issue subscription option.

A Social History of Ball Lightning

Martin Shough's article "A Social History of Ball Lightning" explores the historical perception and scientific investigation of this phenomenon. He notes that in 1967, astronomer Gerard Kuiper dismissed a residue of unexplained UFO reports but advocated for research into "very rare natural phenomena" like ball lightning due to a lack of adequate data. Shough questions the distinction science makes between "unexplained natural phenomena" and "unidentified flying objects," suggesting it's often based on emotional connotations (mechanistic vs. animistic) rather than strict logical or evidential differences.

He traces the scientific approach to ball lightning, noting how early skepticism, similar to that faced by UFO reports, gradually gave way to more serious consideration. Experts like R. V. Jones, while dismissing "flying saucers" as fantasy, allowed for the possibility of "unrecognised natural phenomena" like ball lightning. Shough highlights how theoretical advancements, particularly in plasma physics, made the concept of ball lightning more plausible. He mentions early theories based on dielectric inhomogeneities and later work on a.c. fields, which helped explain phenomena like BL's persistence indoors. The article points out that as scientific understanding of BL grew, witness reports previously ignored began to be re-evaluated.

Shough contrasts the acceptance of ball lightning with the continued skepticism towards UFOs, noting that while BL has a growing body of research and theoretical support, UFOs often remain in a category of "unidentified flying objects" lacking tangible evidence. He discusses the Condon Report's approach to unexplained cases, often concluding they "cannot be verified or refuted" due to lack of data, and criticizes this as unhelpful.

The article also touches on specific incidents, such as the Lakenheath/Bentwaters sightings, and draws parallels with an event in the USSR where a glowing sphere impacted an aircraft propellor. Shough argues that while there are epistemological parallels between BL and UFOs, the latter often appear "staid" compared to the more dramatic accounts of ball lightning. He suggests that the physics of ball lightning could be a starting point for understanding UFOs, emphasizing the need to keep open the possibility of extraterrestrial intelligence as a naturalistic concept.

Shough concludes by reflecting on the past rejection of ball lightning as an "exaggerated inference" from natural caution, stressing the importance of understanding such phenomena to avoid repeating past mistakes. He advocates for a climate that supports productive theorizing in ufology alongside rigorous evidence analysis.

The Schauberger Error

Kevin McClure's article, "The Schauberger Error," critically examines the "Nazi UFO mythos" and the story of Viktor Schauberger. McClure argues that it is easier to dismiss new, absurd claims than those that have become established. He targets the narrative that Nazis developed advanced flying saucers during World War II, which were nearly ready for combat.

McClure identifies two main hurdles for this mythos: the lack of historical record for the supposed key figures involved in saucer development (Schriever, Belluzzo, Habermohl, Miethe, Klein) and the absence of physical or photographic evidence of these alleged flying discs. He notes that only Guiseppe Belluzzo had verifiable scientific background, while others' roles are unclear or unproven.

The article then focuses on Viktor Schauberger, an Austrian forester (1885-1958) known for his work on water and air motion, and his supposed involvement in Nazi flying saucer projects. McClure states that Schauberger himself built no flying discs for the Nazis, but some of his inventions were photographed and later airbrushed with Luftwaffe insignia to resemble UFOs. He points out that Schauberger left no physical or technical evidence of disc experiments, was sometimes confused, and had a diary written in a shorthand difficult to comprehend.

McClure attributes the popularization of the Schauberger-Nazi UFO connection primarily to Ernest Zundel (also known as Christof Friedrich and Mattern Friedrich), who published the book "UFO - Nazi Secret Weapon?" in 1975. Zundel introduced key elements of Schauberger's alleged involvement, claiming Schauberger conducted experiments in Vienna in 1940-41, producing successful 10-foot diameter models that took off vertically. Zundel also claimed Schauberger's work received high priority, with funding and facilities provided, and that engineers from Mauthausen concentration camp worked on the flying saucers.

Zundel further invented a story of Schauberger's death in Chicago, suggesting he was killed for his revolutionary secrets. McClure also mentions Olof Alexandersson's 1976 biography, "Living Water," which added to the mythos by detailing Schauberger's supposed appointment as commandant of a parachute company in Italy and his subsequent transfer to a concentration camp to lead an SS scientific team developing "flying saucer" technology powered by a "trout turbine."

McClure concludes that the mythos is largely based on speculation and misrepresentation, with no concrete evidence to support the claims of Nazi flying saucer development involving Schauberger.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

This issue of Magonia engages with the complex relationship between scientific inquiry, witness testimony, and the popular imagination, particularly concerning unexplained phenomena. The articles on ball lightning and UFOs highlight the challenges of establishing scientific credibility for phenomena that often rely on anecdotal evidence. There's a clear editorial stance favoring rigorous scientific investigation and skepticism, while also acknowledging the potential for genuine, yet unexplained, natural phenomena. The critique of the "Nazi UFO mythos" and the Schauberger story underscores a commitment to debunking unsubstantiated claims and separating fact from fiction, especially when such narratives are sensationalized or linked to historical atrocities. The magazine encourages a balanced approach, urging researchers to be open to new possibilities while demanding solid evidence and theoretical grounding, a lesson learned from the historical treatment of ball lightning.

This issue of Magonia, dated April 2003, is titled 'HOLD THE BACK PAGE' and features a cover illustration of a bird. The magazine critically examines various phenomena, with a strong focus on ufology, ancient astronaut theories, and skepticism.

Nazi UFO Mythos and Viktor Schauberger

The issue delves into the persistent belief in Nazi UFOs, tracing its origins and the claims surrounding individuals like Viktor Schauberger. It discusses how Schauberger's theories on implosion and levitational forces were allegedly explored by the Nazis. Architect Callum Coats is mentioned for publishing books that include purported photos of 'flying hats' and earlier drawings, detailing a machine that generated powerful levitational force. However, the article notes the lack of understanding regarding how these machines flew.

The narrative highlights the recent phase of belief in the Nazi UFO mythos, referencing Susan Michaels' 'Sightings: UFOs' and the popular science magazine 'Focus'. Bill Rose's article, 'UFO sightings - why you can blame Adolf Hitler', suggests Rudolph Schriever, a Luftwaffe engineer, developed a full-sized piloted V2 flying disc that first flew in 1943. This V2, described as thirty feet in diameter, had a central cabin and adjustable vanes for thrust. Schriever's program was moved to Czechoslovakia in 1944, where he was joined by other engineers, including Austrian scientist Viktor Schauberger, who allegedly claimed to have worked on a classified US disc program in Texas before his death in 1958.

The article questions the claims about Schauberger working with other engineers, noting that some individuals cited in these myths may not have existed. It also points out the lack of tangible evidence for Nazi flying disc technology, suggesting that the narrative is often constructed to portray the Nazi regime and the SS in a positive light.

The 'Ancient Astronaut' Hypothesis

The issue explores the 'ancient astronaut' theory, tracing its roots back to ideas that modern technology might have been known to ancients. Joseph Ennemoser's 'History of Magic' (1844) is cited for suggesting that examples of magic, like levitating statues, were applications of electricity and magnetism. Frederick Soddy's 'The Interpretation of Radium' (1912) speculated that alchemists' writings were based on memories of ancient peoples who possessed advanced technology.

The popularity of the idea that Atlanteans had advanced science is noted, with 'A Dweller on Two Planets' and Scott Elliott's 'The Story of Atlantis' featuring airships and advanced battle ships. The article mentions that these ideas were influenced by Theosophical Society leaders Annie Besant and Charles Leadbeater. It also touches upon the idea that Hindu thinkers claimed ancient Indians possessed aeroplanes and radio technology, a concept influenced by cultural nationalism.

Charles Fort's 'The Book of the Damned' (1919) toyed with the idea that Earth was once 'No-man's Land' colonized by other worlds. John Keel's 'The Cosmic Question' and Arthur C. Clarke's 'Expedition to Earth' are mentioned for featuring stories about aliens visiting Earth in the past. Desmond Leslie's 'Flying Saucers Have Landed' suggested that the builders of the Great Pyramid used magical symbols to fly stones. Morris K. Jessup's 'UFOs and the Bible' (1956) is also referenced.

Erich von Daniken's 'Chariots of the Gods?' (1968) is highlighted as a phenomenal success, selling millions of copies. The article questions why this book succeeded where others, like 'The Morning of the Magicians', did not, despite containing similar ideas. It suggests that von Daniken's accessible writing style, combined with the timing of its release during a period of questioning authority and a general interest in space travel fueled by the Apollo program, contributed to its popularity. The inclusion of photographic plates is also noted as a factor.

Critiques of Ufology and Skepticism

The magazine presents a critical perspective on ufology, particularly American ufology. It categorizes ufologists into three types: new-agers, show-business types, and those who attempt objective research. The article argues that many ufologists, even those who consider themselves 'serious', are too credulous and prone to believing unlikely stories, often relying heavily on English translations of reports.

The issue discusses the 'Trindade Island case' and the 'Kelly-Hopkinsville' case, noting how English translations can distort information. It criticizes the tendency of American UFO believers to ignore non-English sources. The article also examines the work of Kal Korff, who presented on 'The World's Greatest Hoaxes' and the 'alien autopsy', with both presentations being described as promotions for his own work rather than objective analyses.

Korff's presentations are contrasted with the approach of British skeptics, who are described as having arrived at their conclusions through serious involvement with the subject, rather than an a priori position of disbelief. The article notes the intelligence and interest of the audience at the UnConventional event, yet highlights that none believed Roswell had an extraterrestrial explanation.

Book Reviews

Several books are reviewed:

• 'Case MJ 12: the true story behind the government's UFO conspiracies' by Kevin D. Randle: This review is critical, suggesting Randle is rehashing old theories about a secret oversight committee and Roswell. It argues that the information presented is not new and is part of existing 'ufolore'. The review questions the reliability of 'insiders' and points out the lack of evidence for many claims.
• 'Pacific UFO Mystery' by Nebojsa Borkovich: This book recounts UFO experiences claimed by the author and his crew. While it includes videos, the stills are described as blobs of light, and analysts disagree on their interpretation. The story escalates to hints of abduction, with the author quoting figures like Budd Hopkins.
• 'Cunning-Folk: popular magic in English history' by Owen Davies: This book surveys the activities of 'cunning folk' in English history, from medieval times to the First World War. Davies argues that these figures operated within a Christian worldview and were essentially business people. The review suggests that the role of cunning folk continues in modern therapies and psychics.
• 'If in Doubt, Blame the Aliens: a new scientific analysis of UFO sightings, alleged alien abductions, animal mutations and crop circles' by Leslie G. Howarth: This self-published book by an industrial chemist attempts a statistical analysis of UFO reports. The review is critical, suggesting the methodology is flawed and the conclusions are subjective, leading to the assertion that UFO reports are likely generated by alien activity.
• 'A House Built on Sand: exposing postmodern myths about science' edited by Noretta Koertge: This volume addresses critical approaches to science, particularly the 'strong programme' of the sociology of science. The essays critique the idea that scientific developments are solely influenced by cultural, economic, and political factors, arguing that such approaches can lead to relativism. The review notes that some essays are technical and that the lay reader may struggle to judge between the parties.
• 'Satan's Conspiracy: magic and witchcraft in sixteenth century Scotland' by P. G. Maxwell-Stuart: This book challenges the view that witchcraft accusations were solely fantasies produced by torture, arguing they were based on a Protestant reinterpretation of occult folk beliefs. The accused were immersed in a folkloric world, and their stories derived from visionary experiences.
• 'A Wonderful Little Girl: the true story of Sarah Jacob the Welsh fasting girl' by Sian Busby: This book recounts the case of Sarah Jacob, a girl who claimed to fast for an extended period. The review suggests that while the case occurred at the dawn of the scientific age, human motivation is key, and Munchausen's syndrome is a possible explanation for Sarah's actions.

Other Articles

• 'The Pelican writes...': This section discusses the state of American ufology, criticizing its reliance on sensationalism and English translations. It highlights the contrast between American and British skepticism.
• 'HOW TO WRITE A BESTSELLER' by Gareth J Medway: This article analyzes the success of Erich von Daniken's 'Chariots of the Gods?', attributing it to his writing style, accessibility, and the inclusion of illustrations.
• 'Quelle horreur!!': This piece reflects on the tenth anniversary of MUFOB and discusses the analysis of UFO reports, the evolution of research in the field, and the importance of historical and cultural context in studying events like airship panics.
• 'Urban (Transit) Legend': This short piece notes Magonia's interest in urban legends about trams and mentions a new tram system opening in Nottingham.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue of Magonia revolve around critical examination of popular beliefs, particularly in the realms of UFOs and ancient astronauts. The magazine consistently adopts a skeptical stance, questioning the evidence presented and the motivations behind the claims. There is a strong emphasis on distinguishing between genuine investigation and sensationalism or myth-making. The editorial stance appears to favor rigorous analysis, historical context, and a rejection of unsubstantiated theories, particularly those that seem to serve specific agendas, such as rehabilitating the image of the Nazi regime. The magazine also highlights the role of cultural factors and media in shaping beliefs and the spread of information, especially concerning UFO phenomena.