Magonia - No 60 - 1997 08

Magazine Overview

MAGONIA 60, published in August 1997, is an issue dedicated to exploring the complex relationship between conspiracy theories, ufology, and contemporary belief systems. The cover prominently features the magazine's title, 'MAGONIA', with a striking image of intense eyes, and highlights articles by Peter Brookesmith and Peter Rogerson on conspiracy theories, and Mark Pilkington on the Raëlians.

Editorial: An organised distortion of memory

The editorial, written by John Rimmer, addresses the controversy surrounding 'recovered memory' therapy. It references a report from The Mail on Sunday detailing criticism of these techniques by the Royal College of Psychiatrists, which concluded that no recovered memories of child abuse have been proven. The editorial notes the deep divisions within the psychiatric profession and the damage caused by 'distorted truth,' particularly to families. It also points out the backlash against critics of recovered memories and 'Satanic ritual abuse,' mentioning a Channel 4 TV series that attempted to rehabilitate discredited cases. The piece draws a parallel between recovered memory therapy and the 'checklists' used by ufologists to identify abductees, suggesting a similar process of reinforcing beliefs without necessarily examining facts. The editorial expresses concern about the potential for mental distress when an individual's improvement is based on a false belief.

A PLAGUE OF ALIENS: VISIONARY RUMOUR AS CONTEMPORARY AND COSTUME DRAMA

Peter Brookesmith examines the current expression of conspiracy beliefs in ufology, which he describes as operating on two levels: a conviction that those in power collude with alien visitors, and specific 'evidence' of dark deeds. He notes Martin Kottmeyer's thesis that UFO sighting reports increase during times of national paranoia and uncertainty, observing a surge in such reports and paranormal publications in the UK prior to the 1997 general election. Brookesmith suggests that British politics, under New Labour, might be susceptible to administrative megalomania, potentially leading to a return to political stupor. He critiques the government's proposed policies, such as DNA-sampling children and civilian disarmament, as carrying the implications of distrust in the populace. The article links the rise of the conspiracy industry in the USA to a perception that government is no longer 'by the people, and for the people.'

Brookesmith also discusses how a revealing folklore is being woven, noting that rabidly paranoid ufology shares ideas and imagery with other apocalyptic and extremist movements. He contrasts the American political culture, characterized by a deep suspicion of government, with the UK's tradition of government distrusting the governed. The piece touches on the Second Amendment and the right to bear arms as a cornerstone of US political paranoia, which also manifests in ufological paranoia. He introduces the concept of 'Millennium Rage,' a notion that the evil Clinton is about to inaugurate a reign of terror, and that only a 'saving remnant' can stand against it.

DEEP SECRETS

Peter Rogerson reviews several recent books on conspiracy theories, noting their growing influence and presence in mainstream culture, including TV series like 'The X-Files' and 'Dark Skies.' He summarizes the essence of Manichean conspiracy theories as the belief that 'history as we know it is a lie,' imposed by a malevolent 'other.' These theories posit that history is controlled by 'them,' and that the pain and suffering in the world are caused by these 'terrible others,' who are simultaneously subhuman and superhuman. The conspiracy theorist is presented as an 'illuminatus' who can see through deception. Rogerson highlights how these theories often merge with religious apocalypticism, viewing UFOs and ufonauts as demonic or harbingers of change. He points out the protean nature of these conspiracies, with the 'others' shifting identity over time to include various groups like witches, communists, Catholics, and scientists.

The article discusses the origins of contemporary conspiracy theories in the US, tracing them back to the Kennedy assassination, which brought them out from the fringes of the radical right. It notes the influence of figures like Jim Keith and Grant Jeffrey, who are unable to accept evidence that contradicts their views. Rogerson also addresses the role of antisemitism, symbolized by 'The Protocols of the Elders of Zion,' in many conspiracy theories, lamenting its resurgence. He critiques the use of these theories as bait to draw in younger audiences interested in shows like 'The X-Files,' suggesting they create a film of confusion over history.

PLAGUES AND PARANOIA

This section, likely by Peter Brookesmith, explores the historical parallels between responses to disease and conspiracy theories. It argues that people susceptible to conspiracy theories are following an age-old pattern in their response to intractable mysteries. The article draws parallels with the Black Death and cholera epidemics, where blame was cast on marginalized groups like Jews or on the rich, and with the medical profession being targeted. It notes that these theories often arise when medical science fails to provide definitive answers or control, leading people to seek their own order and reduce vulnerability by assigning blame. The emergence of AIDS is also linked to conspiracy theories, with claims that hemorrhagic fevers and Gulf War Syndrome are man-made. The article criticizes the tendency to blame 'others' for misfortune and the desire to find someone responsible, even if it involves distorted beliefs. It highlights how conspiracy theories articulate and dramatize emotions, often stemming from a sense of fear and vulnerability in the face of complex or uncontrollable events.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

This issue of Magonia strongly focuses on the intersection of political paranoia and ufology, examining how conspiracy theories have become a significant cultural force. The magazine appears critical of the uncritical acceptance of unsubstantiated claims, particularly in the realm of recovered memory therapy and certain ufological narratives. There is a recurring theme of how these theories offer simplistic explanations for complex problems, often by demonizing perceived 'others' or powerful institutions. The editorial stance seems to be one of caution and critical analysis, urging readers to distinguish between evidence-based inquiry and the 'organized distortion of memory' or 'fusion paranoia' that characterizes many conspiracy narratives. The issue also highlights the historical roots of these beliefs, linking them to older forms of scapegoating and apocalyptic thinking, and notes their adaptation to contemporary anxieties about government, technology, and societal change. The magazine also announces the inauguration of an annual Roger Sandell Essay Competition to support research into the broader social, political, and cultural aspects of contemporary visions and beliefs.

This issue of Magonia, titled "MAGONIA 60", features a prominent cover story titled "ON TRACK WITH BRITISH RAEL" by Mark Pilkington. The magazine focuses on the Raelian movement, its beliefs, and its activities. Other sections include book reviews, letters to the editor, and news items related to ufology and the paranormal.

Cover Story: On Track With British Rael

Mark Pilkington reports on his experience attending a Raelian Foundation meeting in London. He describes the Rael Foundation as the world's largest UFO organization, founded in 1973 by Claude Vorlihon (now Rael), with 35,000 members in 85 countries. The meeting took place in a "tacky Bayswater hotel lounge" and was attended by a crowd, including a contingent from The Nation of Islam. The venue was decorated with "papier mache planets and flying saucers".

Pilkington notes the unfortunate timing of the meeting, occurring shortly after the Heaven's Gate suicides, which had cast a negative light on UFO enthusiasts. Despite this, the room was packed.

The Raelian men were described as looking like Rael himself, with long, shoulder-length hair, big moustaches, exposed hairy chests, cowboy boots, and rhinestones. The event featured music and a performance by a singer named Sylvie.

Anthony Grey, described as a "respectable Englishman", acted as the ambassador for the extraterrestrials, explaining the Raelian message as detailed in Claude Rael's book, "The Message Given to Me by Extraterrestrials". Grey stated that a UFO is seen every 15 seconds, with 90% explainable conventionally, but the remaining 10% are attributed to the Elohim, who are described as "hyper-intelligent human scientists" who created all life on Earth 25,000 years ago.

The Raelians' mission is to build them an embassy, an "extraterrestrial leisure complex designed around a doughnut shaped crop circle glyph, complete with flying saucer style swimming pool", by 2030, to prevent mankind's self-destruction. Grey explained that humanity's greed, despair, and hatred prevent the Elohim from landing openly.

Dr. Brigitte Boisselier, a French scientist, discussed cloning and Rael's predictions for its future development, posing the question of creating new life forms or life with complete memory. She also mentioned Rael's plan to set up Clonaid, a human cloning facility, and "Insuraclone", a service for preserving cells. The imminent opening of "UFO World" in Canada, featuring an exact UFO replica, was also announced.

Pilkington expresses skepticism about the Raelian message, noting the "awkward collision of cultures" between the "ministerial sincerity of Grey" and the "Eurovision tackiness of the Continental" Raelians. The event included musical performances and a dance troupe.

Letters

David Sivier writes in response to a review of David Morehouse's "Psychic Warrior". He discusses allegations against Morehouse and critiques his explanation of the Lockerbie bombing, suggesting it might be disinformation. Sivier also finds Morehouse's descriptions of other planets to be like "bad science fiction" and compares them to H.P. Lovecraft and Lord Dunsany. He also notes similarities to NDE experiences and the concept of "skying". Sivier suggests that Morehouse's book is a "folkloric artefact" and that its material may be based on genuine psychic experiences.

Book Reviews

The Poltergeist Phenomenon: an investigation into psychic disturbance by O. John and Anne Spencer, and Poltergeists and the Paranormal; fact beyond fiction by Philip Stander and Paul Schmolling

This review discusses two books on poltergeists. The Spencers' book is described as a wider range of cases, while Stander and Schmolling (S&S) provide more detail. The reviewer notes that S&S do not appear to recognize the description of a lady named Margot's experience as a classic description of "The Hag". Both books are criticized for not taking Katie Fox's alleged confession at face value. S&S are noted for giving some space to skeptical positions, while the Spencers are criticized for taking a "completely uncritical stance". The review points out that the Spencers seem to "wilfully withhold information" and cites examples of cases where critical commentary from researchers like Anita Gregory and Hall and Dingwall is omitted.

The reviewer suggests that trickery is the only explanation for many poltergeist cases, questioning whether it is always conscious or if it occurs in dissociated states. The review concludes that the most likely purpose of poltergeists is to gain attention and power over others, particularly within family and workplace tensions.

Riddles in Stone; myths, archaeology and the ancient Britons by Richard Hayman

This book is described as a study of changing interpretations of Britain's megalithic monuments. It is of interest to both professional archaeologists and the public, with chapters dealing with theories of Sir Norman Lockyer, Gerald Hawkins, and Alexander Thom, as well as ley-hunters. The reviewer notes that Hayman admits to entering archaeology via ley-hunting and deals with these topics critically but sympathetically. The book also covers New Age interpretations of leys and mentions Alfred Lawton, Aime Michel, Duncan Wedd, John Michell, Paul Screeton, the Bords, and Paul Deveraux.

The Return of the Gods: Evidence of Extraterrestrial Visitations by Erich von Däniken

This review is highly critical of von Däniken's work, stating that his "scholarship" does not appeal to experts on ancient religious texts. The reviewer asserts that von Däniken's method involves "rubbishing religion in general" to attribute divine actions to extraterrestrials. The review dismisses von Däniken's claims about alien abductions and hybrid humans, calling the book "garbage".

The Watchers II; exploring UFOs and near-death experience by Raymond E. Fowler

This review notes Fowler's shift from "nuts and bolts" ufology to the "paranormalist, post secularist camp". Fowler is said to criticize Hopkins and Jacobs for ignoring paranormal aspects of their stories. The book continues the saga of Bob and Betty Andreasson-Luca, with religious themes predominating. Betty's encounters with "Gray Watchers" and "humanoid Elders" are mentioned. The reviewer notes Betty's awareness of the term "Watchers" in apocryphal literature and her wide reading. The review suggests that the "other" hails from the realms of spirit and includes the spirits of the dead, linking it to folklore motifs and the "dead among the fairies". The review also notes millenarian potential and similarities to Kenneth Ring and John Mack's Gnostic millenarianism.

UFOs 1947 - 1997 edited by Hilary Evans and Donnis Stacy

This collection of essays from ufologists around the world is praised for its international scope and constructively skeptical tone. The essay by Eric Maillot on the Trans-en-Provence case is highlighted for going back to basics and revealing how a simple misidentification and a joking remark built a legend. The reviewer notes that many essays reveal the naiveté of quasi-governmental organizations when they become involved in areas outside their expertise, suggesting that "government conspiracies" are often about covering backs rather than evidence. The collection is seen as a good review of ufology's development over fifty years, with personal reminiscences from early days in America and accounts of Adamski's followers in Europe. The reviewer criticizes the hardback format and price, suggesting a large-format paperback would have been better.

The UFO Invasion edited by Kendrick Frazier, Barry Karr and Joo Nickell

This book is a collection of 39 UFO-related articles from Skeptical Enquirer, plus an article by Robert Baker on sleep paralysis. Authors include Robert Scheaffer and Phil Klass. Topics include an "effective demolition of the Roswell affair", crop circles, MJ12, CETI, and general papers. The reviewer finds the quality variable and some contributions "old hat", but considers the Roswell material and Baker's pieces on sleep paralysis and false memory to be worthwhile.

Fortean Studies, volume 3 edited by Steve Moore

This compilation features longer, more densely documented articles. Mike Dash's study of the "Spring Heeled Jack" panic is highlighted as an exemplary documentation of a phenomenon and a demonstration of how rumors and panics are generated. The review also mentions Neil Nixon's analysis of the media's role in UFO legends and Michel Meurger's investigation of cultural predecessors of alien abduction scenarios. Other topics include sea-serpents, giant birds, and "devilish intervention" on building projects.

Alien Contact: the first 50 years by Jenny Randles

This review is critical of Jenny Randles' book, suggesting she recycles titles and that the book is a "pointless and cynical scissors and paste exploitation piece". The reviewer questions Randles' sincerity, suggesting she can be as skeptical as any Magonian. The only original aspect noted is Jenny's claim to have encountered three "wise-baby" cases before Hopkins's "Intruders". The reviewer traces the theme of hybrid babies back to John Wyndham's "The Midwich Cuckoos" and Peter Tinniswood's Brandon Family stories.

Hidden Memories: Voices and Visions from Within by Robert A. Baker

This book is described as being written by a "dedicated sceptic" and is a useful guide to the psychology behind alleged psychic experiences, UFO abductions, and the like. The discussions on hypnosis, cryptomnesia, delusions, and hallucinations are considered particularly valuable. The reviewer notes that the book was written before Dr. John Mack became prominent in the UFO abduction scene and suggests that the therapist's influence is key to abduction claims.

Who on Earth am I? Psychic, Alien and Paranormal Experiences by Terry Le Riche Walters

This book is praised for its artless and straightforward manner. Terry Walters claims to have psychic powers and to cure sick people, exorcise spirits, and receive psychic messages. He attributes his abilities to "Orions" from the direction of Orion, whom he has travelled with in their craft. The reviewer notes that Walters has never met any Greys and does not want to.

Miracles: a collection of true stories which prove that miracles do happen by Cassandra Eason

This book covers various miracle stories, including prayer, healing, and visions. The reviewer notes the lack of skeptical analysis and the book's ecumenical nature.

Borderlands: Heinemana by Mike Dash

This substantial work covers a wide range of Fortean and paranormal topics, including UFO abductions, ghosts, cryptozoology, and earth mysteries. The reviewer praises Dash for his willingness to comment on and assess mysteries, and for his "sceptical conclusion" which arises from "truly open minded enquiry". The book examines hoaxes and "hard evidence", concluding that the phenomena of the 'Borderlands' are largely stimulated by activity within the human brain, mediated by culture. The reviewer highlights Dash's emphasis on the importance, magic, and fun of Borderland phenomena.

The With in History; early modern and twentieth-century representations by Diane Purkiss

This book examines literary and historical images of witches, from "devil-worshipping conspirator" to "clean, pretty herbalist". The reviewer notes that Purkiss's main concern is that feminist witchcraft is not proper feminism. The book also deals with the witch-hunting era in England and the "intervention of supernatural knowledge or belief into domestic and social affairs". The reviewer suggests the book is of more value for specialists.

News and Features

Magonia Back Issues

A list of available Magonia back issues is provided, with highlights for each issue.

"Hold the Back Page"

This section discusses Phil Klass and his perceived effect on UFO skeptics, referencing an incident at the Fortean Times UnConvention where Budd Hopkins allegedly stormed out. It also mentions a "rubber dummy" replacing Budd Hopkins on a TV panel. The section includes a cartoon by Matt Graeber depicting a confrontation between Klass and an "unsettled ufologist".

"While the Cat's Away"

This report details a "catnapping panic" spreading to Gloucester, with rumors of missing cats and a "Bermuda Triangle for cats". It mentions "Petsearch", an organization claiming cats ended up in Eastern Europe. The story also involves a "white Ford Transit van" and a "non-existent organisation". A voice of sanity is provided by Wendy Attwood of the Cats' Protection League, who explains that cats often stray.

"San Marino 75: Post Trauma"

This short piece notes that countries issuing UFO-themed postage stamps have experienced government overthrows. It predicts political turmoil for San Marino, which has issued a stamp marking a UFO congress, depicting "rather vague and dazed-looking people, presumably ufologists, wandering around, staring aimlessly skywards".

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue of Magonia include the Raelian movement, UFO sightings and investigations, paranormal phenomena (poltergeists, psychic experiences), and critical analysis of claims within ufology and the paranormal. The magazine appears to maintain a skeptical but open-minded stance, reviewing books and cases with a critical eye, often highlighting potential hoaxes, psychological explanations, and the importance of evidence. There is a clear emphasis on distinguishing between genuine phenomena and misinterpretations, hoaxes, or psychological factors. The editorial stance seems to favor rigorous investigation and a balanced perspective, as evidenced by the critical reviews and the inclusion of skeptical viewpoints alongside those presenting unusual claims.