La Nave de los Locos - No 17

Magazine Overview

Title: LA NAVE DE LOS LOCOS
Issue: N° 17
Volume: Año 3
Date: Julio 2002

This issue of 'La Nave de los Locos' is dedicated to a revisited examination of the 'Belgian Wave' of UFO sightings that occurred in 1989-1990. The editorial section laments the current state of media, characterized by superficiality and noise, contrasting it with the serious reflection sought by the magazine. It posits that even 'Alerta-OVNIs' are preferable to mass-produced irrationalisms, and that UFO phenomena offer a way to look towards the stars and maintain fascination with the universe.

Dossier: La Oleada Belga, Revisistada (Un Dossier Ineludible)

The dossier delves into the Belgian UFO wave, which began in late 1989 with sightings of triangular craft performing unusual maneuvers, extensively photographed and documented. Initially, the wave was seen as strong evidence for the existence of UFOs of non-human origin. However, the debate polarized, with the Belgian UFO organization SOBEPS favoring a 'non-terrestrial' hypothesis, while French skeptics, particularly those following the psycho-social hypothesis (HPS), criticized SOBEPS for haste and leniency, suggesting military prototypes or collective delusion.

A significant development occurred in 2000 when Bertrand Méheust, a respected anthropologist and sociologist, reignited the debate by asserting that the wave remained unexplained and that French and Belgian skeptics had acted prematurely. Méheust argued that the HPS had failed to adequately explain the 'Belgian anomaly.'

This issue aims to present various perspectives on this debate. It includes a study by physicist Dr. Auguste Meessen supporting the extraterrestrial origin of the wave, a skeptical text by Wim van Utrecht, and an analysis of Méheust's agnostic stance. The dossier then revisits the events of late 1989.

Triángulos sobre Bélgica (By Wim Van Utrecht)

This article details the events beginning November 28, 1989, in Eupen, Belgium, where hundreds witnessed a large triangular craft with brilliant lights. The event attracted international media attention. Witnesses included police, military personnel, and scientists, all describing a triangular platform with white lights and a pulsating red light in the center. The flap generated numerous photographs and video recordings. The SOBEPS organization gained prominence, collaborating with the Belgian Air Force. Notably, the US Air Force reported that the Stealth Fighter F-117A, a potential explanation, had not flown in Europe. The article notes the growing influence of SOBEPS and the tendency to attribute any unidentified light to UFOs.

In the spring of 1991, SOBEPS published a 500-page report titled "Oleada de OVNIs sobre Bélgica - Una monografía excepcional." The introduction was by Dr. Jean Pierre Petit, and it included contributions from physicists Auguste Meessen and Leon Brenig. The report largely concluded that the extraterrestrial hypothesis was the most probable explanation. However, in October 1991, Belgian scientists, at the behest of astronomer André Lausberg, issued a declaration not supporting the report's findings.

Profundizando en la Oleada Belga (By Auguste Meessen)

This section focuses on the observations of November 29, 1989, particularly the sighting by gendarmes Nicoll and Montigny. They reported a mysterious, dark, triangular object with a large central light and three corner lights, hovering over a field. The object then moved and flew low over Eupen before stopping over the Gileppe dam, where reddish luminous beams emerged. A second triangular object was also observed. The military initially dismissed the report as a prank.

Meessen addresses skeptical claims, particularly one suggesting the object was the planet Venus. He refutes this by analyzing astronomical data and the object's movements, which were incompatible with Venus's position. He also discusses the 'red ball phenomenon' observed, suggesting it might be ionized radiation producing luminous plasma. Meessen concludes that conventional explanations are insufficient.

The Photographic Evidence

The article discusses the photographic evidence from the Belgian wave, noting its quantity but questioning its conclusiveness. A key photo, featured on the SOBEPS book cover, shows a black triangle with corner lights against a blue sky. The photo was taken in Petit-Rechain and analyzed by students from the Royal Military School and Professor Marc Acheroy, who noted anomalies supporting its unusual nature.

However, the article critically examines the Petit-Rechain photograph, highlighting inconsistencies and potential for fabrication. The author demonstrates how a similar image could be created using cardboard, colored paper, and lights, suggesting the original photo might not be genuine. Other photographic evidence was attributed to reflections, stars, or even neon lights from discotheques.

The Radar Evidence

Professor Meessen obtained radar tapes showing unusual echoes during the wave. One notable instance involved F-16 aircraft being scrambled to investigate lights. Analysis by the Belgian Air Force and Meessen suggested that some radar echoes were likely reflections from the second F-16 or from atmospheric convection cells, which can distort the appearance of stars and planets.

Other Evidence

The article notes the absence of typical UFO effects like engine stoppages or compass alterations during the Belgian wave, which ufologists often consider characteristic of UFO manifestations.

The Testimonies

In July, August, and September 1989, Belgian press reported unusual ground marks, often linked to UFOs. The SOBEPS received thousands of testimonies, many via phone or letter. The organization experienced a surge in volunteers during the wave. Despite the large number of reports, the article suggests that due to the volunteers' lack of experience, few were well-documented.

Alan Hendry's analysis of UFO reports is discussed, indicating that police officers, surprisingly, had the highest rate of misidentifications, often mistaking natural phenomena or man-made objects for UFOs. The article also points out that UFO reports may not refer to a single phenomenon and that cultural factors might influence reporting.

Conclusions

The author concludes that while maintaining skepticism, they believe an unusual type of flying machine manifested during the Belgian wave. The triangular object reported on November 29, 1989, is suggested to be an experimental triangular balloon, which could explain its slow speed, near-silent operation, and standard lighting configuration. Other hypotheses include advanced aircraft for covert reconnaissance or experimental/remote-controlled vehicles from foreign bases.

The article emphasizes the difficulty in finding the exact origin of the sightings due to the extensive media coverage orchestrated by SOBEPS, which may have distorted the reporting process. A re-examination of visual testimonies is suggested as the best path forward.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine consistently adopts a critical yet open-minded stance towards UFO phenomena. While acknowledging the possibility of genuine unexplained events, it emphasizes rigorous scientific analysis, skepticism towards unsubstantiated claims, and a critical examination of evidence. The editorial stance appears to favor rational inquiry over sensationalism and collective delusion, encouraging readers to maintain a sense of wonder about the universe while grounding their investigations in critical thinking. The magazine seems to position itself as a platform for serious debate on ufology and related topics, distinct from the more sensationalist media coverage.

Title: LA NAVE DE LOS LOCOS
Issue: 17
Date: July 2002

This issue of 'La Nave de los Locos' focuses on the analysis of the 1989-1990 Belgian UFO wave, exploring various hypotheses and critiques within ufology. It also includes a review of a book on the topic and a brief mention of scientific advancements in teleportation.

The Belgian UFO Wave: A Deep Dive

The magazine presents a detailed investigation into the Belgian UFO wave, particularly focusing on the events of November 29, 1989. The initial hypothesis of Venus as the cause for the observed phenomena is explored and subsequently challenged.

The New Investigation

Arguments are presented against the Venus hypothesis, noting that the slow displacement of the object and its stationary position near a tower would have been noticeable to the gendarmes, and that the object's disappearance at sunset coincided with Venus's setting, suggesting a potential astronomical correlation that required attention.

Expert Opinions and Correspondence

Correspondence with Jacques Bonabot of GESAC reveals skepticism about the exceptional nature of the observations, attributing them to a 'ULM hypothesis' (lightweight aircraft). A geographical check confirms that the Gileppe lake was not visible from Kortenbach, though the illuminated part of the panoramic tower was. A meeting held on February 22, 1997, with observers and Professor Emile Schweicher aimed to discuss new arguments. However, the discussion was limited by time. Mr. Vanbrabant expressed gratitude for the reactions and clarified that the Venus hypothesis was an open question for him.

Analysis of the Venus Hypothesis

Witnesses reported the UFO traversing a street and moving towards the Gileppe dam. While some suggested this movement could be an illusion similar to how a car's movement can make a distant star appear to follow it, interviews with the gendarmes indicated the object was stationary relative to the tower. The gendarmes' focus on the object, especially the 'red balls' phenomenon, meant they paid little attention to Venus. The timing of the object's departure at sunset, coinciding with Venus's setting, is noted as a coincidence, but the distance of Venus from the tower (25°) makes a direct link unlikely.

The 'Red Balls' Phenomenon

The gendarmes' descriptions ruled out astronomical confusion. The 'red balls' phenomenon is described as extraordinary and difficult to explain by atmospheric refractions or ocular distortions, even considering intense light from Venus. The article notes that red balls have been observed in other UFO-related incidents, making the Gileppe case notable but not unique.

Critiques of Skeptical Explanations

The article critiques the tendency of some skeptics to dismiss UFO sightings by attacking specific cases or discrediting witnesses. The 'debunking' technique is highlighted. The author argues that the Venus hypothesis is contradicted by the facts, citing the witnesses' observation of the object's movement before the car started and its immobilization near the tower. The discrepancy in the observed direction of Venus is also noted as significant (over 25°). The importance of the 'red balls' phenomenon, which remains unexplained by the Venus hypothesis, is emphasized.

Bertrand Méheust and the 'Belgian Anomaly'

Sergio Sánchez R. reviews Bertrand Méheust's book, 'Retour sur l'Anomalie belge,' which argues that the Belgian UFO wave remains unexplained. Méheust criticizes the 'psycho-sociological hypothesis' (HPS) for its tendency to trivialize UFO phenomena to make them acceptable to academic institutions. He contends that this approach prevents the discovery of new phenomena. The article contrasts the 'Belgian anomaly' with a supposed 'French anomaly' characterized by the apathy of French neo-skeptics towards intriguing UFO waves.

Technological Hypotheses Debunked

Méheust dismisses explanations involving advanced US military prototypes, citing the fantastic maneuvers of the triangular UFOs as beyond current terrestrial technology. He also refutes the idea of remotely piloted aerostats (ULMs) as a better fit, but still insufficient. The article discusses the 'Michel K.' rumor, which proposed that a private individual was responsible for the Belgian UFO wave through dirigible experiments, and labels it a 'counter-rumor' – a rationalistic response to a fantastic rumor.

Teleportation Breakthrough

A brief section reports on scientists at the National University of Australia successfully teleporting a ray of light. While hailed as a revolutionary achievement with potential applications in computing, the article anticipates that sensationalist ufologists will likely co-opt this news to support their claims, while denigrating science.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine consistently adopts a critical and analytical stance towards UFO phenomena. It questions simplistic explanations and emphasizes the importance of rigorous investigation and open-mindedness. The editorial stance appears to favor deeper exploration of unexplained phenomena, challenging established skeptical viewpoints, and acknowledging the complexity of UFO reports. The critique of the HPS and the promotion of Méheust's work suggest a leaning towards accepting the possibility of genuinely novel phenomena that require new theoretical frameworks.

This issue of "LA NAVE DE LOS LOCOS" (The Ship of Fools), dated July 2002, focuses on the complex relationship between nuclear anxieties and UFO phenomena, particularly within the context of Soviet Russia. The magazine explores how fears of atomic catastrophe influenced early UFO narratives and examines the critical perspectives of skeptical researchers.

The Nuclear Connection

The issue begins by exploring how UFOs became intertwined with nuclear fears. It references George Adamski's claims that Venusians warned him about the dangers of nuclear tests, suggesting that extraterrestrials were concerned about the potential mutilation of Earth's ecosystem. Even a hostile alien presence, it's argued, could foster human unity against a common external threat. The article notes that figures like Donald Menzel (Philip Klass) suggested that people might naturally prefer 'harmless flying saucers' to atomic bombs. This theme continued into the 1960s with ufologists like Donald Keyhoe and organizations like NICAP highlighting the nuclear component of the UFO phenomenon, with George Fawcett even suggesting that UFOs could inadvertently trigger a World War. The 1980s, marked by Cold War paranoia, saw apocalyptic fears amplified, with Kim Calsberg suggesting that nuclear explosions or radiation exposure could open dimensional rifts.

Kottmeyer on Science Fiction and UFOs

In a section titled "Transfiguraciones," Kottmeyer reviews science fiction films that addressed atomic fears and their connection to the growing extraterrestrial myth. Paradoxically, Kottmeyer concludes that ufology did not necessarily need nuclear fears to shape its themes, suggesting that the phenomenon could have developed independently. He points out that the UFO case files are not rich in reports of radioactive effects, which, if not real, could be mythological components. The article poses a question about whether Kottmeyer contradicts his own extensive research on atomic-alien correspondence.

Stefania Genovese: The Psycho-Social Perspective

This section introduces a summarized work by Stefania Genovese, based on her thesis from the University of Milan. Genovese's approach is academic and draws extensively from psycho-social ufological literature. She argues that while the true nature of UFOs (socio-cultural, physical, technical-military) may not be fully understood, they are constituted by recurring, varied, and globally diffused elements that form a myth with deep historical roots, evolving at both individual and collective levels. Genovese's key thesis is that the UFO phenomenon is a "myth in evolution." Her work examines themes like "The Witness and the Perception of the UFO Phenomenon," "The UFO Phenomenon as Myth and Legend," and "Rumor and Signal." She traces a path from Kenneth Arnold to modern abductions, from ancient Roman 'clipeus ardentes' to modern 'contactees.' The psycho-sociological hypothesis (HPS) aims to provide a realistic view of ufology, revealing the imprint of human fears and hopes on its core themes. Genovese's work is presented as a perfect complement to Kottmeyer's, offering a broader perspective.

Luis Ruiz Noguez: A Skeptical Voice from Mexico

The magazine features a review of "OVNIS ESTRELLADOS EN MÉXICO" (UFOs Crashed in Mexico) by Luis Ruiz Noguez, an editorial from Editorial Mina. The reviewer praises Ruiz Noguez as a militant skeptic and an underappreciated contributor to ufology, known for his meticulous refutations of common UFO claims. Ruiz Noguez, a chemical engineer and former member of the Mexican Skeptical Investigation Society, is described as possessing sharp irony, broad cultural knowledge, and a clear, caustic vision of irrational ufology. His previous works, "Cien fotos de extraterrestres" and "La autopsia extraterrestre," are considered classics of skeptical ufology in Spanish. The book "OVNIS ESTRELLADOS EN MÉXICO" is presented as a clarifying work that explains why certain cases are hoaxes, confusions, or misinterpretations. It covers UFO crash cases in Mexico, some with international connections, and explores the role of aerospace experiments in the development of the UFO myth, including the debunking of famous extraterrestrial photos and the explanation of the Puebla UFO crash case. The book also addresses fraudulent MJ-12 documents from Mexico.

The reviewer notes that Ruiz Noguez believes that while he hasn't found definitive proof of extraterrestrial technology, the UFO phenomenon has provided him with personal satisfaction, allowing him to develop his interests and learn about unknown subjects. The article laments that contemporary ufology is often dominated by those who profit from deception and ignorance, making the work of researchers like Ruiz Noguez essential.

The Russian UFO Phenomenon: A Critical Examination

Several articles critically examine the state of ufology in Russia. James Oberg's article, "PLATILLOS SOVIÉTICOS" (Soviet Saucers), debunks the famous 1967 UFO wave in Southern Russia. Oberg argues that the widely reported "crescent moon" shaped objects and the "Petrozavodsk medusa" were not alien spacecraft but rather the visual effects of secret Soviet military rocket launches, specifically the Fractional Orbital Bombardment System (FOBS). He explains that the Soviet government, having signed a treaty against orbital nuclear weapons, allowed the UFO narrative to flourish as a cover for illegal weapons testing. Oberg criticizes Russian ufologists, including Felix Zigel and Lev Gindilis, for their uncritical acceptance of these cases and their tendency to embellish accounts, thereby perpetuating hoaxes.

Another article discusses Vladimir Azhazha, a prominent Russian ufologist, who is portrayed as an enthusiastic believer in extraordinary UFO claims. Azhazha's past anecdotes, such as a UFO attacking Apollo 13 with an atomic bomb, are dismissed as fabrications or misinterpretations. His later claims of thousands of Russian abductions are also presented as statistically flawed. The article suggests that the post-communist Russian environment, with its history of suppressed critical thinking, has fostered a fertile ground for such unsubstantiated beliefs. It notes that Russian ufology often links deceased historical figures to UFOs and that new magazines like AURA-Z continue this trend.

The issue highlights how Russian UFO reports, often originating from military activities or misinterpretations, have contaminated Western ufological studies. The article warns that Russian UFO material should be treated with extreme caution, as it is often infected with credulity and lacks rigorous investigation. The continued insistence by Russian ufologists on the alien nature of cases like the 1967 wave or the Petrozavodsk incident is seen as a sign that they have failed to develop mature UFO investigation skills.

John Keel: A Skeptic's Perspective

An interview with John Keel, conducted by Alejandro Agostinelli, reveals Keel's skeptical stance on UFOs, even in 1986. Keel questioned the reliability of hypnosis for recovering abduction memories and was critical of the "Roswell conspiracy." He theorized about a large conspiracy behind the UFO phenomenon, suggesting that anyone seeking the truth might be in danger. Keel describes himself not as a scientist but as an eccentric journalist and adventurer fascinated by conspiracies. He initially viewed UFOs as a natural phenomenon but later shifted his perspective, influenced by figures like Arthur Clarke, who also expressed disbelief in extraterrestrials. Keel's discourse is characterized as iconoclastic and subjective, yet insightful.

Stephen Jay Gould's Passing

The magazine notes the passing of Stephen Jay Gould, a renowned scientist and paleontologist. Gould was a staunch defender of science and a critic of creationism. His death is seen as a significant loss, emphasizing the importance of popularizing science, a role previously filled by figures like Carl Sagan and Isaac Asimov. Gould's theories on evolutionary biology, particularly his hypothesis of punctuated equilibrium, often drew criticism, but he remained a grounded and constant questioner.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue revolve around the intersection of UFO phenomena with societal anxieties, particularly nuclear fear and the Cold War. There is a strong emphasis on critical analysis and skepticism towards unsubstantiated UFO claims, especially those originating from Russia. The magazine champions rigorous scientific investigation and debunks sensationalized accounts, highlighting the role of misinterpretation, military activities, and psychological factors in the UFO phenomenon. The editorial stance is clearly one of promoting critical thinking and a grounded approach to understanding the complex and often misleading world of ufology.

Title: LA NAVE DE LOS LOCOS
Issue: 17
Date: July 2002

This issue of "LA NAVE DE LOS LOCOS" delves into the complex and often controversial world of ufology, presenting a critical perspective that questions the prevailing extraterrestrial hypothesis (ETH). It features articles and interviews that explore alternative theories, the work of prominent researchers like John A. Keel, and the potential for hidden agendas and control systems influencing our understanding of UFO phenomena.

The Nature of UFOs and the 'Control System'

The magazine opens with a discussion that challenges the idea of finding extraterrestrial life on other planets, citing scientific opinions that suggest the further away we look, the less likely it is to find life. It then introduces the concept of a 'control system' that may be manipulating humanity and the planet, a theory championed by figures like Jacques Vallée and echoed by John Keel. This system is suggested to be non-human and potentially operating with a 'master plan' that includes humans.

Several anecdotes illustrate this theme, including a story of a mysterious black car appearing after a light descended in a forest, and a family witnessing a luminous object over a swamp from which people emerged to enter a car. The article posits that these events might involve 'luminous beings,' robots, or cyborgs, and that UFOs could be part of a 'distractionist' game.

John A. Keel: A Pioneer of Para-physics

A significant portion of the issue is dedicated to John A. Keel, a journalist and writer known for his work on paranormal phenomena. The article "¿Y QUIÉN ES ESE SEÑOR KEEL?" by Alejandro Agostinelli provides a biographical overview of Keel, highlighting his early interest in mysterious aerial phenomena and his transition from believing in the interplanetary hypothesis to exploring a broader range of unexplained events, including folklore, religious apparitions, and poltergeists.

Keel's concept of 'para-physics' is introduced as a way to understand the electromagnetic nature of phenomena that operate on a different plane of reality. The article notes that Keel's theories, while controversial, aimed to broaden the scope of ufological investigation beyond simple extraterrestrial explanations. His work is compared to that of Charles Fort, and he is described as a 'modern shaman' who encouraged critical thinking and challenged conventional interpretations of UFOs.

Debunking Sightings and the Challenges of Research

The issue also addresses specific UFO cases, including one from Andorra that was initially reported as a mysterious object but was later identified as a stratospheric balloon launched by the French space agency CNES. This case serves to illustrate how official explanations are often dismissed by conspiracy theorists, and how a lack of analysis can fuel misinformation.

Another article, "DESILUSIÓN UFOLÓGICA" by Raúl Núñez, reflects on the state of ufology, suggesting that many long-time researchers become complacent and accept unsubstantiated premises. Núñez criticizes the commercialization of ufology and the tendency for some to seek fame through sensational claims. He also touches upon the idea that human beings themselves can be more fascinating than the UFOs they study.

Hypnosis, Abductions, and the 'Blood Vampirism' Theory

The magazine explores the use of hypnosis in UFO research, with the author expressing skepticism about its reliability, noting that hypnotized individuals may try to please the hypnotist. The article also discusses abduction cases, where individuals report strange experiences, including the insertion of instruments and physical marks, suggesting that some entities might be collecting biological samples or injecting substances.

A particularly intriguing theory presented is that of 'blood vampirism,' where UFOs might be attracted to the smell of menstrual blood. This is supported by anecdotal evidence from women who reported UFO sightings during their periods. The article also recounts a case involving a blood-filled ambulance that was targeted by a UFO.

The Future of Ufology

John Keel expresses a pessimistic view on the future of ufology, suggesting that the enigma of UFOs may never be fully resolved due to the lack of progress in research over decades. He emphasizes the need for more scientifically trained professionals, including doctors and scientists, to examine the evidence rigorously. Keel also hints at the possibility that UFOs might not be 'anywhere,' suggesting a more abstract or elusive nature to the phenomenon.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue include skepticism towards the traditional extraterrestrial hypothesis, the exploration of alternative explanations for UFO phenomena such as control systems and paranormal influences, and a critical examination of the methods and motivations within the ufological community. The editorial stance appears to favor a more nuanced and critical approach to UFO research, encouraging deeper investigation beyond sensationalism and preconceived notions. The magazine highlights the importance of rigorous analysis, questioning official narratives, and considering the possibility of complex, hidden agendas behind the UFO phenomenon.

Title: LA NAVE DE LOS LOCOS
Issue: 17
Volume: 3
Date: July 2002

This issue of "LA NAVE DE LOS LOCOS" delves into the complex and often controversial world of ufology, offering a critical perspective on the individuals involved and the cases they present. The magazine, published bimonthly and independently, aims to foster a more rigorous and self-critical approach to the study of Unidentified Flying Objects (UFOs).

The Ufologist Spectrum: From Dedication to Deception

The article begins by categorizing different types of ufologists. Some are described as prolific writers who may not dedicate sufficient time to actual investigation, while others employ "ghostwriters" to produce content. A distinction is made between tireless researchers and those who have transitioned into the best-seller market, often by adapting American ideas into historical novels. The author expresses a critical view of these commercial approaches, questioning the originality and depth of some prominent figures.

A significant portion of the analysis is dedicated to exposing fraudulent practices within ufology. The author laments the existence of individuals who, despite starting with good intentions, become "vulgar swindlers." These figures are accused of exploiting the public, even criticizing mediums like psychics while profiting from them, and engaging in deceitful practices among their own colleagues. The article suggests that such individuals may eventually resort to organizing fairs or other commercial ventures.

The Novice and the Devotee: Pitfalls in Ufology

Newcomers to ufology are characterized by their intense enthusiasm, often unaware of the more mundane motivations of some established figures. They may seek proximity to their idols, only to later find their own work or ideas subtly incorporated into the publications of those they admire. This phenomenon is termed "premature ufological disillusionment," which can lead young enthusiasts to abandon the field. An example is given of a promising student who, after being let down by his ufological idols, chose to pursue medicine.

The article also discusses ufologists who become "converts" to the belief in UFOs, to the point where any doubt is met with hostility. These individuals, often involved in contactee phenomena, can become fanatically devoted, resistant to any information that contradicts their beliefs, and may even adopt a distinctive personal style to set themselves apart.

Global Reach and Internet Ufology

The author notes that the behaviors and attitudes described are not limited to Spain but are prevalent worldwide, suggesting that the UFO phenomenon affects people globally. The rise of "screen investigators" who rely heavily on the internet is also addressed. While the internet offers accessibility, it also lowers the selectivity of information, leading to a proliferation of unverified claims and online criticism.

Critiquing Historical UFO Cases

The magazine then turns to specific historical cases, questioning their veracity and highlighting instances of fraud. The case of two supposed extraterrestrials photographed with the contactee Billy Meier is debunked as a hoax involving television show hostesses. The article credits skeptical investigators Kal Korff and Luc Buergin for uncovering this deception.

Another case analyzed is a famous photograph of a small, "metallic" humanoid surrounded by men in trench coats. The article traces the origin of this image to a 1950 article in the American weekly "Talk of the Times," which claimed a flying saucer crashed in Arizona and a humanoid was captured by the FBI. This account is linked to Donald E. Keyhoe's book "Flying saucers from outer space." However, the article presents evidence suggesting the photograph is a composite or a fabrication, citing analyses that point out inconsistencies like the humanoid's feet not resting on the ground and identifying elements from unrelated images (a couple walking with women, a circus acrobat).

The Amaury Rivera Case and the Need for Self-Criticism

The Amaury Rivera case, a globally recognized incident involving investigators from Puerto Rico and Spain, is presented as another example of a "historical case" with zero reliability due to fraud and manipulation. The author expresses concern that such cases continue to be referenced by future generations of ufologists.

The author advocates for a critical review of past and present UFO cases, urging researchers to avoid perpetuating unsubstantiated claims, whether due to naivete or deliberate deception. The importance of self-criticism is emphasized as a necessary tool for progress in the abstract labyrinth of UFO phenomena.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

This issue of "LA NAVE DE LOS LOCOS" adopts a strongly critical and skeptical stance towards much of the ufological community. It highlights the prevalence of fraud, sensationalism, and uncritical belief, while championing rigorous investigation and self-reflection. The editorial board states that they do not necessarily agree with their collaborators' opinions, underscoring their commitment to presenting diverse viewpoints while maintaining their own critical perspective. The magazine positions itself as an independent, non-profit publication dedicated to shedding light on the more dubious aspects of UFO research.