Kiruna TVF UFO Nord medlemsblad No 2 1982

Magazine Overview

This issue of TVÄRVETENSKAPLIGA FÖRENING UFO NORD from 1982, identified as Medlemsblad nr2/september, is published by UFO Nord and originates from Sweden. The cover features an illustration of an astrolabe with celestial elements, set against a yellow background, with the main headline being 'Medlemsblad nr2/september'.

Contents Overview

The issue provides a table of contents on page 2, outlining several key articles:

• 3.....UFO Sveriges riksstämma, rapport av G Thoren: A report from the UFO Sweden national meeting.
• 5.....UFO i Kina: An article on UFO sightings in China.
• 6.. En kosmisk likbesiktning av Per Ejeklint: A cosmic inspection by Per Ejeklint.
• 12.. EXERGI, unik teori om universums uppkomst: Discusses EXERGI, a unique theory on the origin of the universe.
• 14....Repulsions-teorin, en sammanställning av kapten Jean Plantiers teori Tommy Olofsson: A compilation of Captain Jean Plantiers' repulsion theory.
• 22....Är vårt solsystem unikt ? Finns det andra planetsystem utanför vårt eget solsystem?: Explores the uniqueness of our solar system and the existence of other planetary systems.

Article Summaries

UFO Sveriges Riksstämma 1982 (Report by G Thoren)

On pages 3 and 4, G. Thoren reports on the UFO Sverige national meeting and planning conference held from May 23-25. Approximately 55 representatives from various UFO organizations across Sweden attended. The meeting covered standard annual proceedings, including a review of the previous year's activities and a discussion on improving the reporting of UFO observations. A proposal was made to establish a central report system. The board was granted discharge, but recommendations were made for better documentation, particularly regarding travel expense reimbursements. Due to the significant administrative workload (60 hours per week), the organization decided to acquire a computer system, despite the high investment costs. The report also mentions the 'Stödfonden' (support fund) which generated around 6000 SEK in 1981 through 'operation sparad slant' (operation saved coin). Upcoming activities include a TV program ('Magazinet') about the UFO problem, featuring UFO Sverige's chairman Christer Nordin, and information programs in Skåne by Thorvald Berthelsen.

The Centralgruppen (Central Group) is planning a tour in Norrland during October to visit organizations and arrange public programs, likely starting in Kiruna. UFO Sverige will also have 6-8 pages in a new trial magazine called 'teknikmagasinet'. The next national meeting is scheduled to be held in Vetlanda. An auction raised approximately 1500 SEK for an advertising campaign for the magazine 'UFO SVERIGE AKTUELLT', which had 2500 subscribers by April 1982. The day concluded with a screening of films, including animated films and modern space research.

A planning conference was held on Saturday, involving an exchange of views and information. A notable lecture on parapsychology was given by Sven Fjellander. Information about the national meeting and its plans will be shared at the June meeting and in the next issue of 'UFO Sverige aktuellt'.

UFO i Kina

On page 5, an article dated December 4, 1981, discusses the growing interest in UFO phenomena in China. A photograph published in 'Peking's evening news' reportedly showed a UFO sighted by three tourists in Cengping county, Peking, on August 24. The object was described as a triple star in an inverted T-form surrounded by a bright aura. UFO enthusiasts are active in 24 provinces, with the phenomenon being studied from various scientific and philosophical perspectives. Approximately 300 ufologists have organized into a research body, the first academic society of its kind in China, headquartered in Wuhan. This organization publishes the journal 'Utforskning av UFO' (Exploration of UFO).

En kosmisk likbesiktning (Part 1)

Pages 6-10 feature an article by Per Ejeklint titled 'En kosmisk likbesiktning' (A Cosmic Inspection), divided into parts. The introduction (page 7) explains the formation of stars through the gravitational aggregation of hydrogen atoms, leading to increased density and temperature. When the core reaches about 10 million degrees Celsius, hydrogen fuses into helium, releasing energy that halts gravitational collapse, thus forming a star. This process is described as a natural phenomenon occurring throughout the universe.

Part 1 (page 8) details the process of stellar evolution. As a star ages, helium accumulates in its core. When helium fusion begins, it creates carbon and oxygen. The star expands significantly, becoming a red giant. Eventually, the helium is pushed into a shell, and the core contracts. This leads to a pulsating phase, and the outer layers are expelled, forming a ring nebula. The core, now composed of carbon and oxygen, continues to contract. If the core's mass exceeds the Chandrasekhar limit (approximately 1.4 solar masses), it collapses further. If the mass is less than about 2 solar masses, it forms a stable white dwarf. The article notes that our Sun will eventually become a white dwarf.

Part 2 (page 9) discusses the death of more massive stars. When the core is primarily iron, fusion ceases. The core collapses rapidly, leading to a supernova explosion that releases immense energy, briefly outshining the entire galaxy. The article mentions the supernova of 1054, which is associated with the Crab Nebula. The discovery of a pulsating object at the center of the Crab Nebula in 1963 led to the identification of a neutron star.

Page 10 delves into the collapse process leading to a neutron star. For stars with a white dwarf core exceeding 1.4 solar masses, collapse occurs. This results in a rapidly rotating neutron pancake that fragments. These fragments eventually merge, emitting gravitational waves, to form a stable neutron star. Neutron stars are incredibly dense, with a mass of about 2 solar masses and a radius of 10 km, resulting in a density comparable to atomic nuclei.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine consistently focuses on UFO phenomena, astronomical concepts, and theoretical physics. There is a clear interest in exploring the origins of the universe, the life cycle of stars, and unexplained aerial phenomena. The editorial stance appears to be one of open inquiry, presenting various theories and reports for the reader's consideration, encouraging discussion and participation within the UFO Nord organization.

This issue of EXERGI, dated 1982 (based on the TT 820502 reference), delves into complex scientific concepts, including astrophysics and theoretical physics, with a speculative look at UFO propulsion.

Why Do Neutron Stars Pulsate?

The first article addresses the question of why neutron stars pulsate. The prevailing theory suggests that neutron stars possess incredibly strong magnetic fields, up to 100 million tesla. Particles moving along these magnetic field lines, particularly at the poles, generate radio waves and other radiation. These emissions are projected in narrow beams. As the neutron star rotates very rapidly—likened to a figure skater pulling in their arms to spin faster—these beams sweep through the universe. If an observer is positioned correctly, these sweeping beams are detected as pulses. The article notes that the exact mechanism for optical pulsation is not yet understood, and the ability of pulsars to emit coherent radio waves remains a puzzle for scientists. The immense rotational speeds are highlighted with an example: an object 10 km in diameter rotating 30 times per second would have an equatorial speed of 950 km/s.

The 'Exergy' Theory of the Universe's Origin

The second major section introduces a unique theory of the universe's origin developed by Swedish researchers at Chalmers and the University of Göteborg, led by Professor Karl-Erik Eriksson, Docent Bo-Sture Skagerstam, and Dr. Kamal Islam. This theory, presented in the journal Nature and developed over ten years, challenges the idea of the universe inevitably cooling to a 'cold death.' The 'Exergy' theory posits that the universe's creation and evolution are driven by a principle of contrast or disequilibrium, termed 'exergy.'

Unlike the dominant 'Big Bang' theory, which focuses on the initial moments after the explosion, the Exergy theory begins its analysis two seconds after the Big Bang, when the universe was a state of intense radiation and matter composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons. At this stage, light was so powerful that it broke down all composite matter, creating a state of uniformity.

The researchers argue that for the universe to evolve into its current ordered state with galaxies and stars, a disequilibrium or 'exergy' was necessary. This exergy was created as the universe expanded, causing particles to move apart and light to diminish, leading to the formation of helium through the fusion of protons and neutrons within the first 24 hours. The theory suggests that this initial exergy, created through expansion and other processes, led to the formation of different regions that eventually became stars and galaxies. Our solar system formed about 5 billion years after the initial event.

The theory also has implications beyond cosmology, potentially applying to fields like economics and ecology. It emphasizes the quality of energy (exergy) rather than just its quantity. The researchers believe this concept can help understand life's conditions in the cosmos and on Earth, and can be applied to environmental issues, biology, and economics. For instance, the value of a liter of hot water is greater in winter than in summer, illustrating the concept of exergy as a measure of useful energy.

The Repulsions-teorin (Repulsion Theory) for UFO Propulsion

The latter part of the magazine explores the 'Repulsions-teorin,' compiled by Tommy Olofsson based on the ideas of Jean Plantier. This theory is presented as one of many attempting to explain UFO propulsion methods. Plantier, who initially proposed the theory, acknowledged it might be perceived as science fiction or pseudoscience.

The theory suggests the possibility of creating a repulsion field using a special generator. This field would have limited power and would push mass away from the generator. The energy for this propulsion is hypothesized to come from an unknown 'urenergi' (primordial energy) related to cosmic radiation's particle energy. This energy would be converted within the craft.

According to the theory, a UFO would be constructed with a 'space repulsor' on top and at least three repulsators on the underside. These underside repulsators would balance the forces when the craft is stationary. To accelerate, the field generated by these three repulsators would be increased. The repulsators would be directed outwards to prevent the field from affecting the interior of the craft. A network of generators in the control room would create a unified field that activates when speed changes. Braking would be achieved by reversing the direction of the field. A ring around the craft would function as a gyroscope to stabilize it during course changes and also act as an overvoltage protector. Complex maneuvers requiring precise timing would likely be handled by a robot calculator.

The theory posits that the field generated would effectively neutralize gravity. A vacuum bubble created by the propulsion system could cause optical distortions, making the craft appear invisible. The typical 'flying saucer' shape, a conical body with a dome or mast, is suggested as the logical form for a craft utilizing this 'space repulsor.' The article includes diagrams illustrating the proposed construction and operation of such a craft.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine exhibits a strong interest in cutting-edge and speculative scientific theories. It presents complex astrophysical phenomena like neutron stars and cosmological models like the Exergy theory with a degree of detail, while also dedicating significant space to more fringe topics such as UFO propulsion theories. The editorial stance appears to be one of open inquiry, presenting these theories as potentially valuable areas of research, even if they are currently speculative or considered science fiction by some. The emphasis on 'Exergy' suggests a focus on fundamental principles governing the universe and energy, applicable across various scientific disciplines.

This issue of the magazine, identified by page number 21, features articles on advanced aerodynamics and the search for other planetary systems. The first section, titled 'Aerodynamik och manöverduglihet' (Aerodynamics and Maneuverability), explores theoretical concepts related to UFO propulsion.

Aerodynamics and Maneuverability of UFOs

The article posits that a 'repulsor' system could be the logical propulsion method for a UFO. This system would theoretically create a partial vacuum bubble around the craft, eliminating sound and shockwaves as it moves through the atmosphere. The absence of atmospheric resistance would allow the UFO to bypass the 'heat barrier' and achieve high speeds. Calculations suggest that a disc shape would be optimal for such a craft. Witness accounts of UFOs rotating before departure are explained by Captain Jean Plantier's repulsor theory, attributing the rotational impression to a ring around the craft that acts as a gyroscope, stabilizing it during course changes. If the repulsors are used to counteract centrifugal force, the time required for a 90-degree turn at 1 km/sec (3600 km/h) would be a mere 0.16 seconds, with a turning radius of only 100 meters. Such maneuvers would be impossible for conventional aircraft. The vacuum bubble would also allow the UFO to fly in virtually any weather conditions.

Is Our Solar System Unique? Are There Other Planetary Systems Outside Our Own?

The second major article addresses the ongoing search for exoplanets. Astronomers are actively seeking planets orbiting other stars, considering it a logical extension of solar system exploration. The article notes that while no planets have been definitively confirmed outside our solar system, improved methods are expected to yield new discoveries in the coming decades. The search for planets around Barnard's Star, a dwarf star about 6 light-years away, is highlighted as a current focus. Advances in technology offer optimism that astronomers will soon be able to resolve this problem.

Historically, the study of stellar motion has revealed the presence of 'dark companions.' A classic example is Sirius, the brightest star in the sky. In the mid-19th century, observations of Sirius showed a periodic irregularity in its movement, suggesting it was orbiting an unseen companion. Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel proposed in 1844 that Sirius was moving within a system with a dark companion, with their common center of gravity being orbited every 50 years.

This led to the work of Alvan Clarke, a portrait painter and lens grinder in Cambridgeport, Massachusetts. He was commissioned to create a large telescope lens for the University of Mississippi. During testing in 1862, Clarke discovered the faint companion to Sirius that Bessel had predicted.

The wobble in Sirius's motion was very slight, comparable to a 25-øre coin viewed from 1500 meters. The companion, Sirius B, has a mass similar to our Sun. The article mentions that several stars with masses smaller than Sirius, some closer than our Sun, exhibit planetary disturbance patterns in their motion. Peter Van de Kamp at Sproul Observatory in Pennsylvania was a key figure in this research.

Early Results and Barnard's Star

In 1943, initial results from the Sproule 24-inch telescope indicated a dark, unknown companion to one of the two small stars in 61 Cygni. Subsequent discoveries of dark companions to small stars followed. Among these, Barnard's Star garnered significant attention and controversy due to its pronounced planetary perturbations.

A table lists several suspected planetary systems: Barnard's Star (1 light-year distance, 1.1-0.8 Jupiter masses, 24.12 period), Lalande 21 185 (5.9 light-years, 20 Jupiter masses, 8.0 period), Epsilon Eridani (8.2 light-years, 6-50 Jupiter masses, 25 period), 61 Cygni (10.8 light-years, 8 Jupiter masses, 4.8 period), and DB + 42°4305 (11.0 light-years, 10.30 Jupiter masses, 28.5 period).

Edward Barnard presented details of his discovery of the second-nearest star to our Sun at a meeting of the American Astronomical Society in 1916. This 'running' star moves faster across the sky than any other, covering a distance comparable to the Moon's apparent diameter over 180 years.

Barnard's Star is only six light-years away and will be closest at 3.85 light-years in 11,800 years. To put this into perspective, observing our Sun and Jupiter from 15 light-years away would show Jupiter's influence as a wobble of one-thousandth of an arcsecond. Earth's wobble would be a millionth of an arcsecond. Current astronomical instruments have a resolution of about three-thousandths of an arcsecond, sufficient to detect Jupiter-mass planets around stars smaller than the Sun. However, detecting Earth-mass planets is not yet possible.

Figures 1a and 1b illustrate the perturbations in Barnard's Star's motion calculated in the late 1960s. Van de Kamp published calculations in 1969 claiming evidence for a planet of colossal mass, and in 1975, revised data suggested two such planets.

Analysis and Challenges

The data shows small declination disturbances but significant right ascension shifts around 1949 and 1957, possibly related to adjustments of the Sproul 24-inch telescope. In 1973, George Gatewood and Heinrich Eichorn studied Barnard's Star's motion using data from the 20-inch Van Vleck refractor and the 30-inch Allegheny refractor. Their analysis, presented in Figure 2, did not clarify the Sproul data and suggested that the earlier conclusions about companions might be invalid.

Following this, Van de Kamp used improved equipment to re-examine data from 1950-1974. His results, shown in Figure 1, indicated two planets orbiting Barnard's Star with masses comparable to Jupiter and Saturn, having 12- and 24-year orbits with a 20-degree inclination.

No Firm Evidence

However, an analysis by Gatewood in 1976 (ICARUS, vol27) using data from all three telescopes concluded that while the combined data suggested a 'field difference,' unexplained errors in the data made it difficult to confirm 'perturbations.' The conclusion was that the disturbances in Barnard's Star are ambiguous, and if a disturbance exists, it is at or below the current limit of observational accuracy. Therefore, there is currently no firm evidence for the existence of other planetary systems.

Astronomical Concepts and Techniques

The magazine also includes diagrams illustrating celestial coordinate systems (zenith, meridian, horizon, right ascension, declination, etc.) and orbital mechanics (perihelion, aphelion, ascending and descending nodes, ecliptic plane).

Radio Interferometry

A section on radio interferometry explains how two telescopes can be used to detect faint signals from planets by analyzing the difference in path length of radio waves. The challenge lies in distinguishing the planet's signal from the much brighter light of its parent star. Researchers are exploring infrared wavelengths where the contrast is less pronounced. Zodiacal light, caused by interplanetary dust, is a significant source of background noise. Techniques involving computer processing can help eliminate this noise. Another idea involves using a space telescope to overcome the limitations of ground-based instruments.

Detecting Exoplanets

New methods for detecting exoplanets are discussed. One technique involves observing the slight 'wobble' of a star caused by an orbiting planet's gravity. The reflex motion of the Sun due to Jupiter is about 12 meters/second, while Earth's is 0.09 meters/second. Detecting such small movements requires precise measurements of Doppler shifts in starlight. Current instruments can achieve accuracies of around 1000 m/s, with potential for improvement to 50-60 m/s, and even the target of 10 m/s.

Another method involves observing the slight dimming of a star when a large planet passes in front of it. This requires detecting changes of as little as 0.003 magnitude. The challenge is the need to survey a vast number of stars to find such a configuration.

These advanced techniques rely on modern instruments and may lead to significant advancements in other areas of astronomy. The search for other planetary systems, whether visual or infrared, will require telescopes capable of studying objects with very high contrast ratios. This endeavor will also shed light on phenomena like faint nebulae, quasars, and galactic atomic physics.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine appears to maintain an optimistic stance regarding future astronomical discoveries, particularly in the search for exoplanets. It highlights the ongoing technological advancements that are pushing the boundaries of observational astronomy. The articles blend theoretical concepts with historical accounts and current research, suggesting a forward-looking perspective on understanding the universe and our place within it. The focus on UFO propulsion theories alongside exoplanet research indicates an interest in both unexplained phenomena and established scientific inquiry.

This document appears to be a scanned page from a magazine issue, likely focused on astronomy, with content translated from "New Scientist" dated October 2, 1980. The primary language of the scanned text is Swedish, with a quote from Camille Flammarion on the second page.

Content Analysis

The first page begins with a discussion on how observations of compositions in small-scale models could enhance the mapping of spiral structures in distant galaxies, as well as interstellar clouds and areas of active star formation. It suggests that such observations could make it possible to investigate binary stars more effectively. The text emphasizes humanity's current position on a single planet within the known universe and its unique planetary system.

It is stated that few astronomers doubt the existence of planets orbiting other stars, which are currently hidden from view due to the limitations of space. The article proposes initiating the search for these exoplanets using improved space technology, specifically by studying Barnard's star. The work of Peter Van de Kamp is mentioned in relation to a phenomenon that attempts to reveal itself amidst errors, suggesting that if a planet is discovered, it would be fitting to honor the perseverance of Van de Kamp and his colleagues.

The text is identified as a translation and adaptation by Ulf Östergren, originating from "New Scientist" on October 2, 1980. A list of literature references follows, including "The Cambridge Encyclopaedia of Astronomy," "Astronomiboken, när var hur serien," and "Fakta om astronomi."

The second page features an illustration that seems to represent the Pioneer plaque and a diagram of the solar system, alongside a quote attributed to Camille Flammarion. The quote, in Swedish, speaks of space extending infinitely beyond Earth, where the creative power continuously develops the "immense vortex of life." It suggests that humanity's flight can thus extend into infinity.

Key Persons Mentioned

• Peter Van de Kamp: An astronomer whose work on detecting exoplanets is highlighted.
• Camille Flammarion: Quoted for his philosophical thoughts on the vastness of space and life.
• Ulf Östergren: The translator and adapter of the article from "New Scientist."

Organizations Mentioned

• New Scientist: The original source of the article.

Locations Mentioned

• Barnard's star: Identified as a target for improved space technology in the search for exoplanets.

Object Characteristics

The text mentions "spiral structures" in galaxies, implying a shape characteristic, but provides no further details on object characteristics.

Themes

• Astronomy
• Exoplanet Discovery
• Galactic Structures
• Cosmology

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring theme is the ongoing exploration and understanding of the universe, particularly the search for exoplanets and the study of galactic phenomena. The editorial stance, as inferred from the content, appears to be one of scientific curiosity, advocating for technological advancement and persistent research in astronomy. There's an appreciation for the dedication of scientists like Peter Van de Kamp in pushing the boundaries of knowledge.