JUFOF - Issue 183 - 2009 03

Magazine Overview

This issue of Jufof: journal für ufo-forschung (Journal for UFO Research), dated 03-2009 (Volume 30, Issue 183), published by GEP e.V., a German organization, focuses on the psychological aspects of UFO sightings. The cover headline, "Wahrnehmungspsychologische Aspekte bei UFO-Sichtungen" (Psychological Aspects of Perception in UFO Sightings), highlights this central theme. The issue is priced at 4.50 Euro and is in German.

Editorial

In the editorial, Danny Ammon notes that this issue, along with the previous one, aims to catch up on the publication schedule, ensuring the journal returns to its regular cadence. He emphasizes that the UFO phenomenon is inherently interdisciplinary and cannot be fully understood by focusing on a single scientific field. The core theme of this issue is human perception, explored from both a biological-chemical-physical perspective (how senses perceive the environment) and a psychological perspective (how attention, interpretation, and subjective biases influence perception, leading to potential illusions). Ammon states that knowledge from these fields is crucial for evaluating UFO sightings and determining what witnesses actually saw. He highlights GEP's early involvement in perception research and their studies on recognizing and assessing unknown aerial objects. This issue includes a summary of GEP's studies, current case documentation, and an article by André Kramer on the impact of 'sky lanterns' (MHBs) as a common UFO stimulus. The editorial also sadly announces the passing of two prominent US researchers, John A. Keel and Richard Hall.

UFO-Beobachtungen (UFO Observations)

This section presents documented UFO sightings with evaluations:

• "Seltsames Objekt" über Berlin (Strange Object over Berlin) (Case File: 20090421 A, April 21, 2009, Berlin-Wedding): A witness submitted a photo of a strange object taken during a school trip. The object appeared as a dark, elongated body with lighter areas. The investigator, Hans-Werner Peiniger, concluded that the object was likely a bird captured as a blur due to the camera's shutter speed. The bright areas were attributed to wingbeats. Other possibilities like model aircraft or balloons were considered less likely.
• Unerklärliche Spuren im Rasen (Unexplained Traces in the Lawn) (Case File: 20090700 A, July 2009, Schöneberg): A witness reported three circular traces, about 1 meter in diameter, in his garden, suggesting a 'three-legged object' had landed. Hans-Werner Peiniger identified these as 'witch rings,' caused by underground fungal mycelium affecting the soil and grass. These rings can appear overnight and are produced by over 60 species of fungi in Europe.
• Riesiger Feuerball nahe Bad Breisig (Giant Fireball near Bad Breisig) (Case File: 20090815 A, August 15, 2009, Bad Breisig): A witness described seeing a giant fireball moving at high speed from southeast to northwest, leaving a trail. The sighting lasted only about 2 seconds. Hans-Werner Peiniger suggested this was likely a fireball or meteor, possibly related to the Perseid meteor shower, which peaked around August 12-13.
• Lichtgeschwader am Himmel über Pillig (Squadron of Lights in the Sky over Pillig) (Case File: 20090815 B, August 15, 2009, Pillig): Witness Frau B. reported observing a squadron of 20-25 red, round lights in the sky, moving silently at normal aircraft speed. She attempted to contact the police and air traffic control. The police suggested they might be sky lanterns, and the air traffic control provided GEP's contact number. Hans-Werner Peiniger, after interviewing the witness, concluded they were most likely sky lanterns (MHBs) launched in large numbers. He noted that sky lanterns can maintain formation in calm air, which the witness found difficult to accept.

Glanz und Elend der MHBs (Glory and Misery of Sky Lanterns)

This article by André Kramer reflects on the phenomenon of 'MHBs' (Himmelslaternen/sky lanterns) within the UFO research scene in Germany. Kramer notes that the term 'MHB' has become a polarizing term, with critics seeing it as an all-encompassing explanation and proponents of exotic theories viewing it as a dismissive argument. He discusses the influence of MHBs as stimuli for UFO sightings, their prevalence, and the challenges they present. Kramer recounts his own experience of observing what he initially thought were UFOs but later identified as MHBs, noting their fascinating flight behavior, including high speeds and formation flying. He also touches upon the risks associated with MHBs, such as their potential to cause fires. The article suggests that the widespread reporting of red lights in the sky can be frustrating for investigators and may lead to routine, superficial case evaluations. Kramer argues for the importance of documenting and archiving even misidentified cases (IFO - Identified Flying Object) as they can provide valuable context for future investigations. He also mentions the difficulty in convincing some witnesses that their sightings are explainable by common phenomena like MHBs.

Falsche Erinnerungen und UFO-Entführungen (False Memories and UFO Abductions)

This is indicated as Part 3 of an extensive study, but the content is not provided in the scanned pages.

Kurz notiert (Briefly Noted)

• This section includes obituaries for two prominent US UFO researchers:
• John A. Keel (died 2009)
• Richard Hall (died 2009)

Literatur (Literature)

This section lists "RaumZeit" as a literature reference, page 95.

Impressum (Imprint)

The imprint details the publisher as Gesellschaft zur Erforschung des UFO-Phänomens (GEP) e.V., founded in 1972, located in Lüdenscheid, Germany. The editorial responsibility lies with Hans-Werner Peiniger and Danny Ammon. The journal is published on a non-commercial basis every two months. The subscription price for one year (6 issues) is €27.00 plus postage. It also lists bank details and printing information.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring theme in this issue is the critical examination of UFO sightings through the lens of human perception and psychology. The journal, published by GEP e.V., adopts a stance of thorough investigation, seeking rational explanations for sightings while acknowledging the complexity of the phenomenon. There is a clear emphasis on distinguishing between genuine unknowns and misidentifications, particularly highlighting the impact of common phenomena like sky lanterns (MHBs) on UFO reports. The editorial stance appears to be one of scientific rigor and a commitment to providing well-researched information to its readership, even when dealing with potentially sensitive topics or announcing the loss of respected figures in the field.

This issue of the "JOURNAL FÜR UFO-FORSCHUNG" (Journal for UFO Research), issue number 183 from 3-2009, features several articles focusing on the psychological aspects of UFO sightings and the complex nature of memory, particularly in relation to alleged paranormal experiences.

Editorial and Community Discussion

The editorial section discusses the structure of German UFO research and the challenges of collaboration among different groups. It highlights how discussions, often fueled by emotionality, can lead to divisions and personal attacks rather than constructive progress. The author suggests that a more objective approach, focusing on arguments and research findings, is needed. The idea of moderated discussions, perhaps in written form or through joint projects like questionnaires, is proposed as a way to bridge differences and foster understanding within the UFO community. The piece acknowledges that a completely harmonious UFO scene is unlikely due to ideological differences but emphasizes that controversies can be a driving force for research.

Literature Recommendations

The issue includes a list of recommended literature, featuring books on UFOs in Germany, introductory texts on qualitative social research, and a book titled "UFOs – The Truth."

Article: False Memories and UFO Abductions – Part 3

This extensive article, authored by Thomas E. Bullard and translated by Ulrich Magin, delves into the psychological phenomenon of false memories and their parallels with UFO abduction experiences and alleged satanic ritual abuse (SRA).

Satanic Rumors and Recovered Memories

The article begins by comparing UFO abductions to the phenomenon of recovered memories of satanic ritual abuse. It notes that most psychological studies find UFO abductees to be mentally normal but that mainstream psychologists often dismiss abduction reports as false memories. The authors explore the reconstructive nature of memory, suggesting that UFO research can benefit from understanding how memories are formed and recovered. The extreme subset of recovered memories, describing ritualistic satanic abuse, is presented as a point of comparison. These accounts often involve claims of a vast, organized conspiracy of devil worshippers using children in horrific rituals, including rape, sodomy, drugs, torture, cannibalism, mutilation, and human/animal sacrifice. The narrative suggests that children are initiated into these practices from a young age, with daughters used as "breeding vessels" for sacrifices. The scale of this alleged conspiracy is estimated to involve 50-60,000 children annually, with victims subjected to extensive brainwashing, and complicity from legal, medical, and governmental officials to maintain secrecy.

Critiques and Counterarguments

Critics distinguish between superficially plausible recovered memories and those that are not. While acknowledging that sexual abuse and incest occur, they question the validity of certain claims. The article presents the arguments of critics who view these bizarre reports as complex false memories, not solely generated by suggestion but drawing from existing beliefs, media influence, processed dreams, and unusual experiences like sleep paralysis. A complex false memory is described as an elaborate scenario or life story, rich in detail and emotion. Proponents argue that claimants have distinct memories of experiences, sometimes accompanied by physical sensations, and that these stories are coherent and similar. However, critics argue that these reports are often a synthesis of various occult sources, with no verifiable evidence. The article cites Hyman & Loftus (1997) and Spanos (1996) in this context.

The Satanic Ritual Abuse Debate

The article highlights the extensive literature on satanic ritual abuse, including personal testimonies and academic works. It references the 1980 book "Michelle Remembers" by Michelle Smith and Lawrence Pazder, which helped establish the concept of satanic abuse as a bridge between child abuse and dangerous cults. The narrative suggests that Michelle Smith's account, involving hypnosis and alleged childhood experiences of abuse within a hidden sect, served as a template for numerous subsequent reports. These accounts often include graphic details of abuse, human sacrifice, and involvement with demonic entities.

Critiques of Satanic Ritual Abuse Claims

Critics argue that the claims of satanic ritual abuse are often unsubstantiated and driven by psychological factors. They point to the lack of physical evidence, such as bodies, bones, or cult sites, despite extensive searches. The idea that perfectly organized Satanists could hide all traces of their crimes is dismissed as a supernatural delusion. The article questions the statistical claims about missing children being sacrificed, suggesting that data is misused to exaggerate the problem. The article references Noblitt & Perskin (1995), Lanning (1992), and Jenkins & Maier-Katkin (1991).

Parallels with UFO Abductions

The article draws significant parallels between satanic ritual abuse claims and UFO abduction narratives. Both involve fantastic beliefs, elaborate stories of repressed experiences that are forgotten and recovered, and are often recounted by individuals who appear genuinely distressed. The authors suggest that if no significant differences are found between these two types of claims, they may share a common origin in false memories. The article notes that while alien technology in UFO accounts might seem more advanced than claims in SRA, this doesn't validate abduction reports. Both narratives describe fantastic experiences that emerge under suggestive therapeutic conditions, and the same flaws that undermine SRA arguments also apply to UFO abduction claims. The article poses the question of whether abduction and abuse reports have comparable consistency and if experiencers share similar psychological profiles.

The Role of Therapists and Cultural Influence

Critics identify therapists as primary suspects in fabricating narratives, suggesting they implant ideas through suggestive questioning and leading techniques. Many therapists are influenced by conferences and literature promoting the idea of satanic ritual abuse, entering sessions with a pre-existing belief in the phenomenon. The article posits that therapists and patients collaborate to create these narratives, with patients interpreting their feelings and fantasies as evidence of abuse, and therapists confirming these interpretations. The concept of "multiple personality disorder" (MPD) is discussed as a role that patients learn to play, influenced by expectations from media and therapists. The article suggests that the details of SRA narratives are often drawn from cultural sources like books and media, and that religious groups propagated such beliefs long before the current "panic." The spread of rumors in psychiatric hospitals and self-help groups is also highlighted as a mechanism for disseminating these stories.

Skeptical Perspectives on SRA and UFO Abductions

The article presents the skeptical viewpoint that the similarities in reports from different individuals are due to therapists and media spreading stereotypical ideas. It argues that the lack of physical evidence for SRA is a critical flaw. The article suggests that cultural influences, therapeutic practices, and the suggestible nature of claimants offer a conventional explanation for these claims, even if not entirely watertight. The authors conclude by reiterating the strong parallels between SRA and UFO abduction narratives, suggesting that both may stem from similar psychological mechanisms and cultural influences, rather than from actual events.

Article: Perceptual-Psychological Aspects of UFO Sightings: A Compilation of Studies

This article by Hans-Werner Peiniger focuses on the psychological factors influencing UFO sightings, arguing that they are often overlooked in UFO research. The author emphasizes that eyewitness accounts may not accurately reflect what actually occurred in the sky, citing scientific research on the fallibility of human perception.

GEP and CENAP Experiment (1988)

To address this gap, the GEP and CENAP conducted an experiment in the 1980s. The study, led by Dr. Keul, aimed to provide a more accurate picture of a UFO witness's perception. The experiment involved showing a color slide of a model hot air balloon (which had previously been mistaken for UFOs) to groups of people for 10 seconds. Participants were then asked to fill out a questionnaire and draw the object, sometimes with color pencils. The goal was to verify previous findings that observers' statements vary significantly, for example, in their subjective estimation of time duration.

Experimental Setup and Participants

The experiment involved 97 data sheets from four larger experiments, each with about 25 participants. The methodology was simple but effective. The slide was projected for 10 seconds, or a photo print was presented for the same duration. The presentation was intended to be surprising, which was achieved in most cases. The participants were then asked to complete a questionnaire and draw the object.

Data Analysis and Findings

Alexander Keul analyzed the data, which took about a year to process due to time constraints. The analysis focused on four trials using the slide projection method under similar conditions with "observer groups." The Walter group consisted of 24 men and 4 women (average age 20.2), including students and professionals. The Kelch group comprised 22 men and 1 woman (average age 22.7). The Peiniger group had 18 men and 2 women.

The article notes that the interpretation of such data is straightforward but time-consuming, heavily dependent on the experimental conditions. The author focuses on the four trials using the slide projection method, which yielded 97 data sheets. The experiments were conducted in Laupheim, Koblenz, at the "Mysteriatagung," and by Wunder after a critical presentation. The participants' backgrounds varied, including students and individuals in technical and commercial professions.

Visual Details and Interpretation

An accompanying image shows a close-up of the model hot air balloon, noting that the object had few individual details. The article states that the interpretation of the data is relatively simple but time-consuming, and depends heavily on the experimental conditions. The author concentrated on four trials using the slide projection method, conducted under similar conditions with observer groups, yielding 97 data sheets. The participants' ages and professions are detailed for the various experimental groups.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

This issue strongly emphasizes the psychological and perceptual factors that can influence UFO reports and claims of paranormal experiences. The journal appears to adopt a critical stance, questioning the uncritical acceptance of eyewitness testimony and exploring alternative explanations for alleged phenomena, particularly false memories and the role of suggestion in recovered memory cases. The articles highlight the importance of rigorous scientific methodology in UFO research and encourage a more objective, evidence-based approach to understanding witness accounts and claims of extraordinary experiences. There is a clear focus on debunking sensational claims by examining their psychological underpinnings and lack of empirical evidence, while still acknowledging the genuine distress experienced by individuals reporting these phenomena.

This issue of the "JOURNAL FÜR UFO-FORSCHUNG" (Journal for UFO Research), issue number 183 from the 3rd edition of 2009, delves into the reliability of eyewitness testimony in UFO cases. The primary focus is on the accuracy of size and time estimations made by witnesses, drawing on experimental data and survey results.

Time Estimation Experiments

The issue presents findings from experiments involving different groups (Walter, Kelch, Peiniger, Wunder) who were asked to estimate the duration of a 10-second projected slide. The results, detailed in Table 1, show that across all groups, there was a tendency to overestimate the time, with estimations ranging from a fraction to three times the actual duration. The average estimations were considered usable for larger groups, though individual estimates could be highly inaccurate.

Object Sketch and Verbal Description Analysis

Participants were also asked to provide verbal descriptions and sketches of observed objects. The quality of these descriptions and sketches was rated on a scale from 1 (very good) to 5 (completely false). Table 2a and Figure 2b indicate that while very good or completely false descriptions were rare, most fell into the 'good' to 'wischiwaschi' (so-so) category. Similarly, the analysis of object sketches (Table 3a and Figure 3b) showed a similar distribution, with most sketches being rated as 'moderate' to 'so-so'. The Walter group, in particular, had better sketchers who tended to draw details upside down, possibly due to the orientation of the original slide.

Explanations for Observations

When asked to provide explanations for their observations, the majority of participants in the Walter, Kelch, Peiniger, and Wunder groups leaned towards conventional explanations, such as 'herkömmlich-technisch' (conventional-technical) or natural phenomena, with only a small percentage suggesting 'UFO' as an explanation. This suggests a tendency to seek mundane explanations for perceived phenomena.

UFO Interest and Literature Familiarity

Table 5 explores the participants' interest in UFOs and their familiarity with UFO literature. While interest levels varied, a significant portion of attendees had some level of interest. Notably, the 'Wunder' group, composed of students, showed strong interest despite reporting no familiarity with UFO literature, suggesting that interest can exist independently of prior exposure to the topic.

The Reliability of Size Estimations: A Deeper Dive

A significant portion of the journal is dedicated to the work of Hans-Werner Peiniger on the reliability of size estimations, particularly concerning UFO sightings. Peiniger highlights that eyewitness accounts of object size are often unreliable and significantly overestimated.

The "57-cm Test" and Moon Comparison

Peiniger discusses his research, including a 1984 experiment and a 1994 GEP questionnaire, which aimed to assess how accurately people estimate the apparent size of objects in the sky. The methodology involved comparing the perceived size of an object to familiar items or using a centimeter scale at arm's length. A key part of the research involved asking participants to estimate the apparent size of the full moon, a familiar celestial body.

Findings on Moon and Sun Size Estimations

Data from 238 participants (146 male, 92 female) revealed that estimations of the moon's and sun's apparent diameters were consistently and significantly overestimated. The average estimated diameter for the moon was 7.05 cm, and for the sun, 7.98 cm, resulting in an overall average of 7.5 cm. This is approximately 15 times the actual apparent diameter of the moon and sun (around 0.5 cm).

Factors Influencing Size Estimations

Several factors were found to influence these estimations:

• Brightness: Brighter objects tend to be perceived as larger than equally sized dimmer objects. This is attributed to the psychological phenomenon of 'Irradiationserscheinungen' (irradiation effects), where bright stimuli on dark backgrounds are overestimated.
• Time Since Sighting: The longer the time between the sighting and the interview, the less reliable the estimation becomes.
• Age and Gender: While initial estimations showed some variation across age groups and genders, the study noted that estimations generally improved with age, with older individuals becoming more accurate. However, the overall trend of overestimation persisted.
• Lack of Reference Points: Witnesses who lacked clear reference points or context for their observation tended to provide more extreme estimations.

Implications for UFO Research

Peiniger concludes that UFO witness size estimations should not be taken at face value and must be critically evaluated. He recommends that researchers include control questions, such as asking about the apparent size of the moon, during interviews to gauge a witness's general estimation tendencies. He also suggests that direct on-site investigations where witnesses can estimate familiar landmarks can provide valuable comparative data.

Statistical Analysis of Size Data

Figures 2 and 3 on pages 92 and 10 illustrate the statistical breakdown of the size estimation data. Figure 2 shows the average estimated diameters across different age groups, highlighting variations and the overall trend of overestimation. Figure 3 presents a histogram of the reported apparent diameters in centimeters, clearly demonstrating the wide range of estimations, with a significant number falling far above the actual apparent size.

Extraterrestrial Hypothesis (ETH) vs. Other Explanations

Table 6 examines the extent to which participants linked their observations to the Extraterrestrial Hypothesis (ETH). While a majority of respondents considered UFO research to be valid and necessary, most did not automatically associate UFOs with extraterrestrial origins. This suggests a nuanced approach among the research community, distinguishing between the phenomenon itself and specific explanatory frameworks.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

This issue strongly emphasizes the critical need for rigorous methodology and data analysis in UFO research. The recurring theme is the unreliability of raw eyewitness testimony, particularly concerning estimations of size and time. The journal advocates for a scientific approach, employing statistical analysis and control measures to filter out subjective biases and perceptual distortions. The editorial stance appears to be one of cautious investigation, acknowledging the phenomenon while demanding robust evidence and critical evaluation of all claims, especially those related to the Extraterrestrial Hypothesis.

This issue of the JOURNAL FÜR UFO-FORSCHUNG, Volume 3-2009, Issue Nr. 183, is primarily in German and focuses on UFO research, current events, and book reviews. The cover headline highlights 'Kurz notiert Aktuelle Meldungen' (Brief Notes: Current News).

Analysis of Apparent Diameter Measurements

The first section delves into the analysis of apparent diameter estimations of objects observed in the sky, particularly the moon. The study compares data from questionnaires with a previous study from 1984. It notes that while the average estimated diameter with outliers was 6.8 cm (compared to 7.5 cm in 1984), without outliers, it was 3.46 cm. The analysis indicates that a significant portion of estimations (over 50%) fall between 0 and 3 cm, suggesting that apparent size estimations might not be as exaggerated as previously thought. The author concludes that while these studies provide some insight, definitive conclusions are difficult to draw, and the moon comparison method is the most reliable tool for UFO investigators to assess the credibility of witness estimations.

Key Persons Mentioned: Obituaries and Contributions

John A. Keel (1930-2009)

The issue marks the passing of Alva John Kiehle, better known as John A. Keel, on July 3, 2009, at the age of 79. Keel was a highly influential author in the paranormal and fringe science fields. He began his career writing short stories and working as a copywriter before publishing his first book, 'Jadoo,' in 1957, which explored Indian mysticism. He also wrote 'Strange Creatures from Time and Space' (1970) and contributed to the British UFO magazine 'Flying Saucer Review.' Keel's controversial theory posited that UFOs were not extraterrestrial but rather spiritual or demonic phenomena. He gained widespread recognition for 'The Mothman Prophecies' (1975), detailing sightings of a winged creature in West Virginia, which was later adapted into a film.

Richard Hall (1930-2009)

Within two weeks of Keel's death, the UFO research community mourned the loss of another prominent figure, Richard Hall, who passed away on July 17, 2009, at 78. Hall was a dedicated UFO researcher and author, considered a 'living legend.' He served in the US Air Force and later studied mathematics and philosophy at Tulane University. Hall was actively involved in UFO research since the 1950s, authoring books like 'Ungebetene Gäste' and editing the 'UFO Evidence' series. He was a director of NICAP and held positions within MUFON and the Fund for UFO Research. Hall is remembered as a veteran of the 'old guard' of UFO research.

Literature Reviews

'RaumZeit: Provokation der Schöpfung' by Johannes von Buttlar

This section reviews Johannes von Buttlar's book 'RaumZeit,' which explores themes of space, time, and gravitation, drawing from Einstein's theories of relativity. The reviewer, Hans-Werner Peiniger, finds the book's use of narrative episodes to introduce complex scientific concepts to be tedious, preferring a more direct, factual presentation. While acknowledging that von Buttlar synthesizes existing knowledge and offers his own model, suggesting a pulsating universe rather than a Big Bang origin, Peiniger expresses skepticism about the book's claims of a 'revolutionary theory' and 'provocation of creation,' deeming them potentially exaggerated.

'Über die Wissenschaftlichkeit der UFO-Forschung der GEP e. V.' by Olaf Fritz

Olaf Fritz's study examines whether UFO research conducted in Germany, often by privately funded groups, meets scientific standards. The book focuses on the GEP (Gesellschaft zur Erforschung des UFO-Phänomens e.V.) in Lüdenscheid as a case study. Fritz concludes that the GEP's research is characterized by a clear subject matter, a systematic approach, and reproducible findings that can be critically assessed. The research results are regularly made public through the 'jufof.' The book is 125 pages, illustrated, and costs €16.95.

Magazine and Publication Information

Q'Phaze Magazine

A brief advertisement for 'Q'Phaze - Realität... anders!' is included, describing it as a large-format magazine covering topics like Paleo-SETI, exobiology, astronomy, archaeology, and fringe science. Subscription options are provided.

GEP and jufof Information

The final pages provide information about the GEP, its mission, and its research methods, including the use of questionnaires and field investigations. It also details the 'jufof' journal, its history since 1980, and its content, which includes sighting reports, case studies, and expert articles. Contact information for UFO reporting via phone and internet is also given, along with website addresses for GEP and 'jufof.'

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue are the ongoing efforts to understand the UFO phenomenon through scientific inquiry, historical research, and the critical analysis of witness testimony. The journal maintains a stance of objective, critical reporting, evident in its detailed reviews and the obituaries of prominent researchers who contributed significantly to the field. The emphasis on methodology and the scientific rigor applied to UFO research is a consistent thread throughout the publication.