Inforespace - No 66 - 1984

Magazine Overview

Title: Inforespace
Issue: No. 66
Volume: 13th year
Date: June 1984
Publisher: SOBEPS asbl (Société Belge d'Etude des Phénomènes Spatiaux)
Type: Quarterly review

This issue of Inforespace, a Belgian publication focused on ufology and spatial phenomena, presents a detailed analysis of the evolution of disciplines studying the paranormal, with a particular focus on parapsychology and ufology. It also touches upon spiritism as a precursor. The magazine aims to foster a rational approach to these subjects while acknowledging the complex interplay between phenomena, hypotheses, and societal perceptions.

Article 1: Constantes d'évolution (Constants of Evolution)

This article, written from the perspective of a parapsychologist addressing the ufological community, explores the developmental patterns of disciplines that study the paranormal. It identifies three main families of paranormal phenomena: spiritism, parapsychological phenomena, and ufological phenomena, each giving rise to a dedicated discipline. The author, Pierre Guérin and François Favre, highlights the similarities in the evolution of these disciplines, suggesting they follow a common process.

The article posits that the birth of a discipline is marked by the formation of a social group dedicated to studying a phenomenon that emerges during a wave of public interest. A central idea or hypothesis then becomes prevalent, often merging with the subject of study itself (e.g., survival of the soul, unknown human powers, extraterrestrials). This convergence solidifies the discipline in the public's eye and among its researchers and detractors. The influx of researchers and public curiosity is often met with indifference from the scientific community, which may dismiss it as a temporary fad. However, some scientists may lend their support, leading to predictions of imminent recognition by "official scientists." This, in turn, can provoke a reaction from academic and university authorities who fear losing public favor. Their arguments, ranging from outright denial to methodological critiques, can sway public opinion, forcing discipline researchers onto the defensive.

During this growth phase, the research community becomes institutionalized, forming associations, publishing periodicals, and organizing conferences. The article notes that spiritism began around 1848, and ufology around 1947. Parapsychology and ufology are presented as currently living disciplines. The decline of spiritism coincided with the rise of parapsychology, which experienced a resurgence with J.B. Rhine. The author points out that studies predating spiritist doctrines, which developed hypotheses later adopted by parapsychology, existed as early as the 1870s. By the 1930s, spiritist doctrines waned, supplanted by parapsychology.

The article describes the 'apogee' phase of a discipline, where its institutions defend their knowledge base against official science and sensationalized popularizations. Historical phenomena are re-examined to bolster the discipline's legitimacy, with parapsychology absorbing spiritism. Rigorous experimental methods are developed, leading to intricate debates among scholars. The discipline may expand its scope to include increasingly absurd phenomena, such as psychokinesis in parapsychology and 'contactees' in ufology, leading to an isolation from official science and the general public.

In the 'saturation' phase, the public is aware of the discipline, and its core hypotheses become common knowledge, though not necessarily accepted. Researchers face difficulties in distinguishing genuine phenomena from hoaxes or in obtaining repeatable experimental results. Theories emerge to explain these challenges, such as the 'experimenter effect' in parapsychology and the 'ostentation/elusiveness' law in ufology. Official science becomes indifferent, while researchers may engage in internal debates or even betray the discipline's core hypothesis. Pierre Viéroudy, for instance, proposed explanations for UFO phenomena based on unknown human powers, while Andrija Puharich suggested extraterrestrial origins for Uri Geller's abilities.

The 'decadence' phase sees internal critiques and questioning of the core hypothesis. Phenomena may gradually disappear, and new families of phenomena may emerge, giving rise to new disciplines that eclipse the old ones. The original discipline's researchers age, reminiscing about past successes while observing the progress of the new field. Official science remains detached, and the public's familiarity with the topic may turn into irony or legend.

The article concludes by noting that the evolution of disciplines is influenced by both the evolution of official science and the emergence of new facts. It predicts that new paranormal phenomena will appear when medicine becomes more certain of itself, no longer accepting unexplained healings, or when meteorology becomes more precise about rainfall, or psychology about conversions.

Article 2: L'hypothèse psycho-sociologique : Commencement de la fin ou fin du commencement ? (2) (The Psycho-Sociological Hypothesis: Beginning of the End or End of the Beginning? (2))

This article, continuing from a previous part, questions the reluctance of human science specialists to engage with the study of UFO phenomena, despite the significant role of psycho-sociological factors in reported cases. While the author acknowledges the physicist's reticence due to a lack of decisive proof, they find the sociologists' and psychologists' hesitation surprising, given that UFO phenomena are a domain where psycho-sociological aspects are undeniable.

Several reasons for this reserve are explored. The first is a potential ignorance of the sheer volume of UFO reports and related media, which seems implausible given the widespread public awareness. The second hypothesis, proposed by a sociologist, suggests that the study of UFOs is simply not 'fashionable' within current research trends in human sciences. Limited funding for human sciences also forces a narrow focus. However, the author finds this explanation superficial, arguing that the underlying reasons for such trends need to be investigated.

A comparison is drawn with the evolution of comic strips (bande dessinée), which, after being long disdained as childish, have gained academic recognition due to the rise of adult comics and a generation raised on them. Similarly, the author suggests that the study of UFOs is perceived as unserious because it is associated with naive believers and those who admit to seeing UFOs are considered gullible. This makes professional engagement with UFOs risky, potentially leading to being labeled as naive or credulous, which is unacceptable in academic circles.

The article argues that this fear of appearing naive is particularly perplexing for human science specialists, who conventionally study folklore, cultures, and superstitions without fear of being perceived as superstitious themselves. The author questions why UFOs, as a cultural phenomenon, should be treated differently.

A third hypothesis, favored by ufologists, suggests that human science specialists fear encountering an inexplicable residue when studying UFOs, a phenomenon that cannot be explained by their professional methods. However, the author doubts this, as most scientists are unaware of such a residue or are convinced of its non-existence. Even if encountered, they believe scientists could easily dismiss it and publish a seemingly complete study.

The article proposes a more fundamental reason: the adherence to a core postulate of modern sociology – that most social phenomena can be explained by the hypothesis of a conscious and rational individual. This principle permeates Western culture, including Marxist societies, and is deeply embedded in economic and political doctrines like liberalism and Marxism. Both doctrines, the article argues, are reductionist, reducing human behavior to economics, a domain that is rational and quantifiable. This leads to a cult of figures and the prioritization of 'monetizable' values.

This reductionist approach dismisses sentiments, artistic creation, and other aspects of human experience as mere 'epiphenomena.' The article contends that belief systems and myths hold at least as much power as rational, economic behaviors. The dominant Western thought systems, both liberal and Marxist, are not conducive to recognizing the importance of myth in the modern world.

Historically, classical sociology in the 19th century emerged partly as a reaction against the postulates of political economy, recognizing that the 'homo economicus' model was insufficient to explain social life. Early sociologists were closer to Freud in exploring the irrational. However, since 1945, sociology has increasingly focused on economics and socio-economic characteristics, neglecting phenomena that escape economic logic. While there are signs of a renewed interest in the irrational among American sociologists, the author remains skeptical about its extent, given the powerful psychological and social forces that oppose it.

These opposing forces, the article explains, are partly legitimate. The dominance of economic reductionism across different political regimes suggests a societal consensus that it is essential for stability. Challenging this dogma by highlighting the fundamental role of the irrational could be dangerous, potentially undermining individual and social equilibrium. The article warns that emphasizing the irrational could be used to argue that democracy is flawed, as it relies on a public susceptible to marvels rather than reason.

The author cites a historian who suggests that early 20th-century social sciences, which gave more weight to the irrational, may have contributed to the rise of anti-liberal and anti-egalitarian ideologies, paving the way for fascism. This historian argued that even if figures like Freud and Durkheim were liberal, their theories undermined democratic self-confidence by emphasizing the irrational aspects of human nature and the role of myths.

Article 3: Nos enquêtes : le point sur les observations belges de 1970 à 1983 (Our Investigations: The State of Belgian Observations from 1970 to 1983)

This section likely presents findings from SOBEPS's investigations into UFO sightings in Belgium during the specified period. It would detail specific cases, patterns, or conclusions drawn from their research.

Article 4: En tournant les pages d'un catalogue (Turning the Pages of a Catalogue)

This article appears to be a review or commentary on a catalogue, possibly related to UFO research, historical documents, or books available through SOBEPS.

Secretariat - Library

The SOBEPS secretariat and library are accessible to members on Saturdays between 10 AM and 6 PM. Members can consult documentation and books from around the world. Appointments are necessary for visits outside these hours or during July and August, by contacting the Secretary General, M. L. Clerebaut.

SOBEPS Slides

SOBEPS offers a collection of 336 slides dedicated to UFO phenomena, organized into 28 series of 12 documents each. Each slide is in a protective plastic sleeve with accompanying commentary. These slides can be used to create illustrated presentations.

SOBEPS Bookstore Service

The article reminds readers of books available for purchase through SOBEPS, including "Des Soucoupes Volantes aux OVNI" by Michel Bougard, described as a collective work directed by the president, aiming to summarize ufological research. Payment can be made via CCP or bank transfer.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue revolve around the nature and evolution of paranormal research disciplines, the critique of rationalistic biases in social sciences, and the specific context of ufology in Belgium. The editorial stance appears to be one of promoting a rational yet open-minded approach to studying unexplained phenomena, encouraging critical thinking about prevailing scientific and sociological paradigms, and fostering active participation from its members in the pursuit of knowledge.

Note: The content of "Nos enquêtes" and "En tournant les pages d'un catalogue" is not detailed in the provided OCR text, but their titles suggest specific reports and reviews within the magazine.

This issue of "Lumières dans la Nuit" (Lights in the Night), dated May 1980, issue number 195, focuses on the intersection of UFO phenomena, parapsychology, and rationalism. The cover headline prominently features "OVNI, parapsychologie et rationalisme," suggesting a deep dive into these interconnected themes.

The Power of Contemporary Myths

The issue begins by exploring the concept of myths and beliefs in contemporary society. It posits that myths, often perceived as self-evident truths, can be powerful and pervasive, shaping public opinion and potentially contradicting objective reality. Alfred Sauvy's definition of a myth is presented: a situation where common opinion, accepted by the majority as fact, is in contradiction with reality as determined by objective study. The article notes that while myths can be seen as 'erroneous convictions,' they are fundamental to the cohesion of any society, providing meaning and coherence.

It is argued that many aspects of modern society, including economics and politics, are influenced by myths. The economic sphere is highlighted as a particular breeding ground for myths, especially during times of crisis, where the irrational aspects of economic behavior are often ignored in official discourse. The authors suggest that a lack of humanistic studies in economics education contributes to this oversight.

The Subversive Potential of Human Sciences

The article then delves into the potential of human sciences, particularly non-reductionist ones, to challenge the foundations of society. By dissecting the irrational underpinnings of myths and collective beliefs, these sciences could be seen as a tool for subversion. While traditional subversive movements aim to replace existing dogmas, the human sciences offer a method to expose the subjectivity and arbitrariness of any doctrine, potentially destabilizing any organized society.

This leads to a philosophical problem: the need to separate 'good' from 'true.' While historically truth and goodness were seen as intertwined, the human sciences might reveal that societal organization relies on irrational bases, and that what is considered 'good' in morality, politics, or economics often stems from irrationality rather than objective truth.

The UFO Phenomenon as a Case Study

The issue then circles back to the UFO phenomenon, suggesting it is a particularly potent subject for studying myths. The UFO myth is described as 'cursed among the cursed,' taboo from various angles, yet offering unique opportunities to expose the limitations of rationalist reductionism and understand the mechanics of myths. For some, the UFO phenomenon can act as a catalyst for recognizing the significant role of myths in our supposedly scientific and technological society.

The article contrasts the UFO myth with other perceptual myths, such as the Jersey Devil, phantom ships, and lake monsters, noting that while these are localized, the UFO phenomenon is global in scale and persistence. It is suggested that the UFO myth, due to its perceptual nature, is a powerful stimulus that can profoundly distort perceptions of reality.

A memo from the CIA in 1952 is presented, indicating early interest from intelligence services in the potential psychological warfare implications of flying saucers. This memo suggests examining the use of these phenomena for psychological warfare, both offensively and defensively.

The Uncomfortable Paradox of the Militant Rationalist

The article critiques the Union Rationaliste for its stance on ufology, suggesting that by endorsing certain works, they are inadvertently undermining their own rationalist principles. The authors argue that the persistence of irrationality in society is a significant factor that rationalists often overlook, and that this oversight can have profound social consequences.

They propose that the hypothesis of extraterrestrial visitation (HET) is more compatible with rationalism than the idea that UFO sightings are primarily psychological or sociological phenomena. The authors contend that the Union Rationaliste should embrace HET, as it aligns better with a rationalist worldview, and that their rejection of it stems from a misunderstanding of the pervasive influence of irrationality.

Conclusion

The conclusion emphasizes the need for ufologists to reconsider their skepticism towards the 'Human Perception of the Supernatural' (HPS) hypothesis. While HPS may be less exciting than extraterrestrial encounters, its social implications could be far more profound. The authors argue that HPS is not reductionist and that ufology retains its purpose as long as there are phenomena that official science neglects. They suggest that HPS can be complementary to other hypotheses, such as extraterrestrial or parapsychological ones, and that a better understanding of psycho-sociological phenomena is crucial for rigorously analyzing the inexplicable residue of UFO cases.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue revolve around the nature of myths and beliefs, the limitations of rationalism, the potential of social sciences to analyze irrational phenomena, and the UFO phenomenon as a key case study. The editorial stance appears to be critical of strict rationalism and advocates for a more nuanced understanding of human behavior, acknowledging the significant role of myths and collective beliefs in shaping individual and societal realities. The magazine seems to champion a more open-minded approach to phenomena that challenge conventional scientific paradigms, particularly in the realm of ufology.

Specific Articles and Reports

"The Power of Contemporary Myths" and "The Subversive Potential of Human Sciences": These articles form the core theoretical discussion, analyzing how myths and collective beliefs function in society and how the human sciences can deconstruct them. They reference works by Alfred Sauvy and discuss the potential for these sciences to challenge established orders.

"Return to UFOs": This section directly addresses the UFO phenomenon, positioning it as a critical subject for understanding myths. It discusses the CIA's early interest in UFOs and the potential for psychological warfare applications.

"The Uncomfortable Paradox of the Militant Rationalist": This part critiques the Union Rationaliste, highlighting their perceived inconsistency in dealing with ufology and the broader issue of irrationality.

"In Conclusion": This section summarizes the arguments, advocating for a broader acceptance of the HPS hypothesis and emphasizing the complementary nature of different UFO explanations.

"Kenneth Arnold is dead...": A brief obituary noting the passing of Kenneth Arnold, a key figure in the history of ufology, on January 16, 1984.

"Our Investigations: The point on Belgian observations from 1970 to 1983": This report, authored by Michel Van der Elst and Pascal Deboodt, presents statistical data on UFO and OVI (Unidentified Aerial Phenomena) observations in Belgium between 1970 and 1983. It details the number of identified and unidentified cases, monthly distributions for 1983, and notes a trend where the OVNI/OVI ratio decreased after 1975. The report also mentions the ongoing work of the SOBEPS (Belgian Society for the Study of Space Phenomena) in compiling and analyzing these cases.

"For your libraries...": This section offers a list of books for sale related to science fiction, UFOs, and related topics, including works by Bertrand Méheust, Thierry Pinvidic, Claude Mc Duff, and Leonard Stringfield.

"Turning the pages of a catalogue...": This article, by Jacques Scornaux, draws parallels between the historical study of witchcraft and demonology and contemporary ufology. It discusses how ancient texts on sorcery were widely disseminated and how similar patterns of discourse and belief can be observed in the study of UFOs. It also touches upon the debate between physical reality hypotheses (like extraterrestrial visitation) and psycho-sociological explanations for UFO phenomena.

This issue of OVNI PRESENCE, dated October 31, 1982, is the 19th issue of a publication by the Association d'Etude sur les Soucoupes Volantes. It delves into the historical evolution of thought surrounding phenomena that were once attributed to demonic possession and witchcraft, drawing parallels with modern UFO (OVNI) research.

Historical Perspectives on Possession and Witchcraft

The article begins by examining early rationalist attempts to explain phenomena like the 'unicorn myth' and the 'possession of La Haye-Dupuis' in the 17th and 18th centuries. Abbé Boissier, in his 'Recueil de lettres au sujet des maléfices et du sortilège,' refuted the idea that possessed individuals were merely suffering from 'diseases of the imagination,' believing instead in the real action of demons. Later, Hyppolyte Banc's work on the Camisards also addressed 'new researches on the extraordinary phenomena observed among Protestants in the Cévennes,' offering another critique of purely medical reductions.

Jean Wier, considered an early 'psychiatrist,' published 'Cinq livres de l'imposture et tromperie des diables' in 1569, which, despite its rationalist leanings, still touched upon superstitious beliefs. Augustin Nicolas, in 1682, advocated for leniency towards accused sorcerers, arguing that torture was disproportionate to the alleged crimes. He is credited with identifying a precursor to the concept of 'distorsion soucoupisante' (UFO-like distortion), suggesting that the devil's power over humans was primarily exerted through imagination.

In 1693, François Bayle and Henry Grangeron published 'Relations de quelques personnes prétendues possédées,' examining cases of possession. They proposed that 'demoniacs' were either charlatans, mad, or hysterical, and that imitation played a role in epidemics of possession, an early psychiatric hypothesis.

François de Saint-André, in 1730, wrote extensively on the possession case of La Haye-Dupuis, arguing that when causes are unknown, the illness is attributed to the devil. He suggested that sorcerers were suffering from an 'imagination sickness,' and their trials only perpetuated this state. This is compared to the discourse of modern parapsychologists like Bender.

Gabriel-Charles Poree and Dr. Dudouet, as early as 1738, introduced what could be considered the beginnings of psychiatric therapy for the possessed, advocating for isolation, rest, and affection. This approach is seen as an early form of psychiatric intervention.

Jehan de Nynaud, in 1615, argued that imagination was the sole domain through which the devil could exert power. This idea is directly linked to modern ufologists who suggest that 'phantasmagoria' is induced by the UFO phenomenon, with the UFO itself being held responsible for the aberrant fantasies.

Parallels with Ufology

The issue consistently draws parallels between historical interpretations of witchcraft, possession, and demonic activity, and modern ufological theories. The idea that imagination is a key factor in both historical and contemporary unexplained phenomena is a recurring theme. The authors suggest that the patterns of explanation and the types of hypotheses proposed have remained remarkably consistent over centuries, with modern ufology 'stuttering' the same themes as earlier inquiries into the 'supernatural.'

Figures like the Crespet, Hédelin, Boissier, Blanc, Leloyer, and those who wrote about the 'nuts and bolts' of the era are compared to modern ufologists and researchers like Grinspoon, Heuyer, Marchais, Warren, Menzel, Klass, and Bender. The work of Poree and Dudouet is seen as prefiguring modern psychiatric approaches, while Augustin Nicolas is positioned as a spiritual ancestor to Monnerie in the field of ufology.

The author, Thierry Pinvidic, reflects on the enduring nature of human thought patterns, suggesting that philosophical concepts have remained largely within established categories since the emergence of philosophy itself. He notes that the need for philosophy arose in ancient Greece in response to 'prodigies' and the imperative to discuss them.

Pinvidic concludes by emphasizing that the primary challenge for ufologists, amidst the constant flux of human thought, is a matter of culture. He admits that, perhaps due to being too young, he himself has been caught in these traps.

Book Reviews

The latter part of the issue provides a comprehensive list and brief descriptions of numerous books related to UFOs, categorized by author and publisher. These include:

• La Chronique des OVNI by Michel Bougard
• Identifier et le Cas Adamski by Jean-Gérard Dohmen
• Science Fiction et Soucoupes Volantes by Bertrand Méheust
• Mystérieux Objets Célestes by Aimé Michel
• La Nouvelle Vague des Soucoupes Volantes and Le Nouveau Défi des OVNI by Jean-Claude Bourret
• Mystérieuses Soucoupes Volantes by Fernand Lagarde
• Le Nœud Gordien ou La Fantastique Histoire des OVNI by Thierry Pinvidic
• OVNI, L'Armée Parle by Jean-Claude Bourret
• Et Si Les OVNI N'Existaient Pas ? by Michel Monnerie
• Les Soucoupes Volantes Viennent d'un Autre Monde and Black-Out Sur Les Soucoupes Volantes by Jimmy Guieu
• Soucoupes Volantes, 20 Ans D'Enquêtes and Face Aux Extraterrestres by Charles Garreau
• Des Signes Dans Le Ciel by Paul Misraki
• Chronique Des Apparitions Extraterrestres and Le Collège Invisible by Jacques Vallée
• Les Objets Volants Non Identifiés: Mythe Ou Réalité ? and Aux Limites de la Réalité by Dr. J. Allen Hynek
• Les OVNI En U.R.S.S. Et Dans Les Pays De L'Est by Julien Weverbergh and Ion Hobana
• Le Livre Des Damnés by Charles Fort

Kadath Magazine

The issue also mentions 'Kadath,' a review that served as the basis for the anthology 'Chroniques des civilisations disparues.' It is published four times a year, with 52 illustrated pages dedicated to archaeological enigmas, and is based in Brussels.

Subscription Information

An advertisement invites readers to subscribe to 'OVNI PRESENCE,' described as 'the alternative ufological,' published by the Association d'Etude sur les Soucoupes Volantes, with a postal address in Vevey, Switzerland.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue revolve around the historical investigation of unexplained phenomena, particularly those historically attributed to demonic possession and witchcraft. The editorial stance appears to be one of critical historical analysis, drawing strong parallels between past interpretations and modern ufology. There is a consistent emphasis on the role of imagination, psychological factors, and cultural frameworks in shaping our understanding of anomalous events. The issue advocates for a rational, yet open-minded, approach to ufology, acknowledging the cultural and historical context in which these phenomena are perceived and interpreted. The book reviews suggest a broad interest in various facets of UFO research, from historical accounts to scientific investigations and speculative theories.