Inforespace - No 28 - 1976

Magazine Overview

Title: inforespace
Issue: 28
Volume: 5
Date: July 1976
Publisher: SOBEPS asbl (Société Belge d'Etude des Phénomènes Spatiaux)
Country: Belgium
Language: French

This issue of *inforespace* is dedicated to exploring various mysteries, with a strong focus on unexplained maritime disappearances and the broader implications of searching for extraterrestrial intelligence.

Articles and Content

L'étrange triangle des Bermudes (3)

This article begins by stating its aim to find explanations for ship disappearances, not just in the Bermuda Triangle but generally, noting that the term 'missing' is more appropriate. It then delves into specific cases:

• 1924 Incident: A sailor recounts an incident where his vessel, the *Firecrest*, was struck by an unknown steamer in the night. The steamer moved away without apparent notice, leaving the *Firecrest* damaged.
• Alain Gerbault: The article references Alain Gerbault, a French navigator, highlighting the dangers of solo transatlantic crossings and noting that solo voyages are now commonplace, with many more recorded since 1957.
• Joshua Slocum: The legendary circumnavigator Joshua Slocum is discussed. His early maritime career, the loss of his ship *Aquidneck* in 1887, and his subsequent construction and voyage in the *Spray* (1888-1891) are detailed. Slocum's solo world voyage, covering 46,000 miles, is highlighted as a significant achievement. His disappearance in 1909 is mentioned.
• Other Disappearances: The article lists several other sailing vessel disappearances from the late 19th century, including the 15-meter 'steamer' *F.L. Norton* (1891), the small *Vision* (1894), the *Flying Dutchman* (1901), and the *Dauntless* with captain Ira Sparks. It also notes the disappearance of the *Voyager II* in Florida's inland canal in December 1945, carrying a retired officer and his family, and the *Valmore* schooner, which disappeared while being towed.
• Connemara IV: This vessel was found without a crew in September 1955, having broken its moorings during a hurricane.
• Drug Trafficking Piracy: An article from a Belgian newspaper in August 1974 is cited, revealing a new form of piracy where drug traffickers allegedly seized hundreds of fishing boats and yachts in the Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico, and Pacific.

Les épaves flottantes

This section discusses 'derelicts' – abandoned, floating vessels that are a significant hazard to navigation. Statistics from the Hydrographic Office of Washington and Lloyd's of London are presented, showing a considerable number of ship disappearances between 1891 and 1893. For instance, from 1891 to 1893, 265 ships disappeared. The article notes that many of these vessels lacked radio equipment, making their causes unknown. It also mentions specific disappearances like the English steamer *Strathearn* (1890) and the Italian ship *Silvio* (1890), both of which likely navigated around Cape Horn.

A report from the Merchant Shipping Advisory Committee in London (1912) listed 48 English steam and sailing vessels lost between September 1891 and December 1908, resulting in 1083 deaths, primarily in the North Atlantic, but not necessarily within the Bermuda Triangle.

L'étrange histoire de la Mary-Céleste

This article explores the enduring mystery of the *Mary Celeste*, found abandoned in 1872. The vessel had drifted for eleven days before being discovered.

• Laurence J. Keating's Theory: Keating proposed in 1929 that the captain of the *Dei Gratia*, Moorhouse, had lent three crew members to the *Mary Celeste*'s captain, Briggs, due to a shortage of men. Keating claimed Moorhouse later found the *Mary Celeste* abandoned and brought his men back, along with the cook, John Pemberton. According to Keating's account, serious incidents and murders had occurred aboard the *Mary Celeste* between Briggs and his first mate, leading to the decimation of the crew.
• Criticism of Keating: Historian Alain Decaux questioned Keating's account, noting that the cook was not John Pemberton but E. W. Head. The story was further embellished by some authors, describing a scene of a meal still warm in the kitchen.
• E. F. Russel's Theory: In 1957, E. F. Russel proposed a theory based on the Pont-Saint-Esprit mass poisoning incident in France (1951), caused by ergotism (a fungus affecting rye). This condition can cause hallucinations and severe psychological disturbances. The article questions whether the *Mary Celeste* might have transported ergot-infected rye, noting that the ship's provisions were found to be healthy, but analyses were limited.
• Other Maritime Mysteries: The article also briefly touches upon other cases of vessels found without crews, suggesting that while many seem mysterious, investigations often reveal logical explanations like piracy or mutiny. A case of mutiny aboard a Panamanian cargo ship in October 1975 is cited, where the captain was killed.
• The Silent Radio: The absence of distress calls (SOS) from disappearing vessels is highlighted as another enigma. The case of the *Frubel Maria* in 1965 is mentioned, where the radio operator was incapacitated by seasickness, making it unlikely a distress call could have been sent.

L'aventure cosmique de l'humanité (3)

This section shifts focus to the search for extraterrestrial intelligence.

• The Green Bank Equation: The article explains the Green Bank Equation, developed at a 1961 colloquium. The equation estimates the number of technologically advanced civilizations in the Milky Way galaxy (N) based on factors such as the rate of star formation (R), the proportion of stars with planets (fp), the fraction of planets where life arises (f), the fraction of planets where intelligent life evolves (fi), the fraction of civilizations that develop technology for communication (fc), and the average lifespan of such civilizations (L). The equation yields N = 10¹¹, suggesting a million inhabited worlds in our galaxy alone.
• Sagan's Skepticism: Dr. C. Sagan, a prominent exobiologist, is presented as skeptical of UFOs being extraterrestrial spacecraft. He argues that even with advanced technology, the number of interstellar visits would be extremely low. Using the Green Bank Equation's parameters, Sagan calculates that for Earth to receive one visit per year, each of the N civilizations would need to send 10,000 spacecraft annually. Conversely, a visit would only be expected once every 10,000 years. Sagan acknowledges that UFO sightings represent a phenomenon but questions their extraterrestrial origin.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine consistently explores unexplained phenomena, particularly those related to maritime mysteries and the possibility of extraterrestrial life. The editorial stance appears to be one of open inquiry, presenting various theories and historical accounts while also incorporating scientific perspectives, such as the Green Bank Equation and Dr. Sagan's arguments. There is a clear emphasis on documented cases and historical research, even when discussing speculative topics. The magazine aims to provide readers with detailed information and encourage critical thinking about these complex subjects. The disclaimer "Les articles signés n'engagent que la responsabilité de leur auteur" indicates that diverse viewpoints are welcomed within the publication.

This issue of Inforespace, a French publication focused on UFO phenomena, delves into several complex and debated topics within ufology and related scientific fields. The content spans from critical analyses of scientific arguments concerning extraterrestrial visitation to detailed reports of specific incidents and broader theoretical discussions on the nature of life and evolution.

Analysis of Carl Sagan's Calculations on Interstellar Travel

The article begins by examining physicist Carl Sagan's hypothesis regarding the material requirements for constructing a large number of interstellar spaceships annually. Sagan's calculations, performed by Hong-Yee Chiu at NASA's Goddard Space Center, suggested that building 10,000 spaceships per year, each weighing as much as an Apollo rocket, would require material equivalent to that extracted from 500,000 stars annually, or approximately 1% of the stars in our galaxy. The article notes Sagan's humorous observation that using plastic instead of metal wouldn't significantly alter the problem of material sourcing.

However, the text presents a refutation of Sagan's argument, primarily through the analysis of physicist Stanton T. Friedman. Friedman's critique, presented at a MUFON symposium, highlights several points. Firstly, he suggests that if Sagan's conclusions are exact, they could imply that UFOs are not extraterrestrial in origin, a view increasingly held by some ufologists due to persistent, unexplained characteristics of the phenomenon that do not align with the concept of simple visitors. An example cited is the Fatima apparitions.

Secondly, Friedman considers the possibility that UFOs are indeed extraterrestrial but operate in ways beyond our current comprehension. This aligns with the classic ufological thesis, suggesting that our understanding of how UFOs arrive on Earth is incomplete, differing vastly from conventional space launches.

Friedman also points out potential inaccuracies in Sagan's calculations, such as the estimated weight of the Apollo rocket and the number of stars in the galaxy. He also addresses Sagan's suggestion of plastic spacecraft, noting that fuels like hydrogen or helium, abundant in the universe, could be used.

The article emphasizes that the recurring presence of UFOs is a fact, and dismissing all witnesses as liars, deluded, or mentally ill is absurd. The increasing number of researchers from various scientific disciplines are beginning to question the significance of these phenomena.

The Tolosa, Argentina Landing Case (November 26, 1974)

A detailed account is given of an event that occurred in Tolosa, Argentina. Witnesses, including Rosario Segura Vve Perique, her daughter Lidia Graciela Perique, and her husband Ruben Horacio Nicolini, reported a loud, deafening noise comparable to multiple jet aircraft. This was followed by a period of near silence, then the property was illuminated by a silvery-grey light. The witnesses observed an object ascending rapidly from a nearby field. Lidia described it as a sphere or dome, pale yellow with a red base, approximately 1.80 meters in diameter and 2 meters high, moving rapidly towards the northeast before disappearing as an indistinct light.

Another witness, Mme Rosano, described the object as a high-flying, ovate shape like an elongated globe, transparent, emitting orange light with blue-sky tones, and moving silently.

Physical traces were discovered in the garden: a perfectly circular ring with a diameter of 3.40 meters and a width of 0.05 meters. Within this ring, triangular marks, 10 cm on each side, were distributed at 25-30 cm intervals, extending towards the back of the property. These traces were calcined and covered with a fine silver powder.

Investigators established a high credibility for the witnesses and rated the strange characteristics of the phenomenon as significant. The article discusses discrepancies in witness descriptions, attributing them partly to age differences and perceptual phenomena (Wertheimer's phi phenomenon). The absence of color discrimination (red and yellow perceived as orange) and structural details are also noted, possibly due to the initial glare or the witnesses' limited acuity.

The article analyzes the chemical composition of the soil marks, finding a remarkable abundance of calcium oxide. This suggests a high-temperature process, possibly related to the object's combustion system rather than a direct landing. The presence of calcium oxide is explained by the high temperature required for its formation from calcium carbonate, and its subsequent reaction with moisture and atmospheric carbon dioxide.

Triangular marks are also discussed, with chemical analyses yielding similar results. The possibility of a 'hot form' producing these traces is considered, as they resisted weathering longer. A parallel case from Coldwater, Kansas (September 1954) is mentioned, involving a young man who saw a small humanoid entity approach a discoidal craft.

The report on the Tolosa case was prepared by Roberto E. Banchs, a researcher who has published extensively on UFO phenomena.

UFOs and Mysterious Animal Deaths

This section reports on a series of mysterious animal deaths investigated by STENDEK magazine, based on a report by engineer Sebastian Robiou-Lamarche. The report details strange events in Puerto Rico during 1975, linking them to UFO appearances.

Numerous cases of mysteriously dead animals were reported across the US (Kansas, Nebraska, Iowa, South Dakota, Colorado, Oklahoma, Minnesota) in early 1974, following a wave of UFO sightings. Animals often lost organs (ear, tongue, nose, reproductive apparatus) or were found completely exsanguinated, as if their bodies had been drained by a syringe.

In Puerto Rico, from February to July 1975, numerous animal deaths occurred in circumstances almost identical to those in other regions, coinciding with dozens of UFO cases. The 'Vampire of Moca' phenomenon gained significant attention, with local media demanding government investigation.

Initial theories involving snakes were dismissed by erpetologist Juan Rivero. Investigations by authorities, including senators and police officials, failed to identify a perpetrator. Veterinarians could not determine the cause of the bizarre injuries.

Despite official skepticism, the population increasingly believed in vampire bats, a theory later publicly refuted. The article notes that the deaths occurred in both rural and suburban areas.

In several specific cases, witnesses reported seeing a 'strange, very hairy animal' or hearing a 'piercing cry' like a giant bird, a 'strong buzzing,' or 'loud noise.' One detailed case involved Cecilio Hernandez losing 35 chickens over several nights, observing a 'sort of woolly dog without legs' that did not make a sound.

Key observations from these cases include:
1. Deaths predominantly occurred at dawn.
2. Owners, even when sleeping nearby, heard no alarm from the animals.
3. Some owners reported hearing a 'piercing cry' or the 'beating of wings' of a gigantic bird, or seeing a 'strange animal' fleeing.
4. Deaths seemed to be a consequence of inflicted injuries, sometimes not severe enough to be directly fatal.
5. Injuries were consistently similar, appearing as puncture wounds destroying organs or bones, varying in size from a quarter-inch for poultry to an inch for goats.
6. The depth of the wounds varied.
7. Notably, there was an absence of blood around the wounds, which remained open as if the instrument had extracted tissue or organs.
8. The location of the wounds was typically around the heart or chest.
9. Some animals had broken necks or were amputated of organs.
10. In some instances, deaths were selective, with only one species in an enclosure being affected.

A table details the statistics of animal deaths: poultry (chickens, roosters) 182 (57.80%), ducks 40 (12.70%), goats 33 (10.50%), rabbits 20 (6.38%), geese 18 (5.70%), cows 8 (2.55%), sheep 5 (2.55%), pigs 3 (0.96%), dogs 3 (0.96%), and cats 1 (0.32%). Poultry, including ducks and geese, accounted for 82.58% of the total.

Witnesses also reported sightings of 'strange animals' and unusual sounds. One case involved a 'strange animal' on a roof, described as a condor or gigantic vulture. Another described a large, greyish animal with abundant plumage and a wide neck.

Police investigated most incidents but did not publish results or propose causes. The similarity of these cases to those described by M. Robiou is striking, particularly concerning the animals and the circumstances of their deaths.

The Human Form: Is It Universal?

This section shifts to a more philosophical and scientific discussion concerning exobiology and the possibility of extraterrestrial life, particularly intelligent life. It questions whether extraterrestrial beings would necessarily resemble humans.

Biologists have begun to consider the diverse forms that extraterrestrial life might take. The question of whether intelligent beings would resemble humans is significant for UFO studies, as the argument that UFO occupants are too human-like to be extraterrestrial is a common one.

George G. Simpson, a professor of vertebrate paleontology at Harvard, argues that the humanoid form is not universal. He posits that evolution is not directed towards a specific goal and that life diversifies into countless forms, with humans being just one outcome among many. He emphasizes that evolution is a product of random mutations and natural selection, and that any slight change in environmental conditions could have led to a vastly different evolutionary path, meaning humans might not have existed.

Simpson contends that the existing forms of life represent only a fraction of all possible forms and that evolution is not repeatable. He states that the probability of finding a replica of humans on another planet is virtually nil, equating it to the chance that the planet and its organisms had an identical history to Earth's over billions of years.

Simpson's view is described as pessimistic, suggesting that evolution might often halt at the pre-biological stage (formation of macromolecules) due to minute differences in conditions. He acknowledges the possibility of life on other planets but does not consider intelligence a necessary outcome.

His opinion is shared by other biologists, such as George W. Beadle, a Nobel laureate in medicine. Beadle believes that while the probability of life developing is high, the specific direction of evolution is uncertain. He considers the probability of humans appearing to have been extremely low, and the development of a nervous system like ours to be very small, leading him to have little hope for communication with extraterrestrial beings.

However, this view is contested by other scientists. Ecologist Robert Bieri argues that the number of possible evolutionary pathways is limited by available energy and environmental conditions. He suggests that factors like bilateral symmetry, favored for mobility and predation/escape, and the need to seek food and avoid becoming prey, have shaped life forms. He notes that radial symmetry is found in simpler marine organisms.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The issue consistently explores the intersection of scientific inquiry and the unexplained phenomena associated with UFOs. It demonstrates a critical approach, analyzing scientific arguments (like Sagan's) and presenting detailed case studies (Tolosa landing, animal mutilations). The magazine appears to lean towards a more open-minded investigation of UFO phenomena, acknowledging the limitations of current scientific understanding and the validity of witness testimony, while also engaging with scientific theories on evolution and the possibility of extraterrestrial life. The editorial stance seems to be one of encouraging further research and questioning established paradigms, particularly regarding the universality of life's evolutionary paths and the potential for intelligent extraterrestrial visitors.

Title: Inforespace
Issue: 25
Date: September 1975
Country: France
Language: French

Articles

Analysis of the Sound Recorded During a UFO Observation (Pages 9-10)

This article details the analysis of a sound recording made by Alain Hannot in Dampremy, Belgium, on August 15, 1974, during a UFO observation. The sound, recorded as the UFO moved away, was a modulated whistle in frequency and amplitude, lasting 15 seconds, with significant background noise. The analysis, conducted using an oscilloscope, revealed that the frequency varied between 900 and 1300 c/s, with a rapid amplitude modulation that approached 100%. The sound's characteristics did not align with known terrestrial sources like police sirens or rotating machinery. The researchers favored the hypothesis that the sound was an acoustic warning system, designed to signal the UFO's presence and clear its path, especially for airborne creatures. The abrupt cessation of the sound suggested the object was no longer in a position to pose a collision risk.

Utology: Scientific Catalyst? (Pages 3-4)

This section discusses the potential role of UFO phenomena in stimulating scientific and intellectual progress. It argues that societal crises, like those in medieval Europe or post-WWII, often lead to profound changes and advancements. The author suggests that the UFO phenomenon, by posing fundamental questions about humanity's place in the cosmos, could catalyze a new era of thought and research across various scientific disciplines. It posits that ufology, as a multidisciplinary field, could help humanity evolve by providing new concepts and perspectives.

The Warminster Photo (Pages 4-6)

This article focuses on the famous photograph taken in Warminster, UK, on August 29, 1965, by Gordon Faulkner. The object, nicknamed 'The Thing', was described as a large, luminous object. The photograph, initially showing a faint image, became much clearer after enlargement. Despite initial skepticism and accusations of fakery, the article notes the lack of concrete evidence to disprove its authenticity. It also touches upon the financial aspects of the photo's dissemination and the curious lack of in-depth official investigations in the Warminster area despite numerous sightings.

The Humanoid Hypothesis and Evolutionary Convergence (Pages 1-2)

This section explores the idea that extraterrestrial intelligences might resemble humans. It draws on the concept of evolutionary convergence, where different species facing similar environmental pressures develop analogous forms and functions. The author, referencing scientists like Cyril D. Darlington and Fred Hoyle, argues that the human form, with its upright posture, bipedal locomotion, and centralized sensory organs, might be a highly favorable evolutionary outcome for intelligent life. The article suggests that if we encounter extraterrestrial beings, they are likely to be humanoid rather than abstract geometric shapes.

A UFO Above a Landing Strip (Pages 6-7)

This case study describes an observation by an automobilist in Hainaut, Belgium, on March 14, 1974. The witness saw a red, disk-shaped object with a prominent dome on its underside. The object followed his car at a low altitude before hovering and then ascending rapidly. The investigation confirmed the witness's account and noted the object's unusual features, including the ventral dome, which is rarely reported. The article also mentions a similar sighting in the Hérault region of France.

Bassilly: The Round of Nocturnal Lights Identified (Page 8)

This article recounts an observation in Bassilly, Belgium, on December 21, 1974, where witnesses saw a circle of rotating lights in a field. The lights, numbering around twenty, moved slowly and silently before converging into a bright beacon that illuminated the countryside and then disappeared. The investigation suggested that the phenomenon was not extraterrestrial but rather a ritualistic gathering by members of the GRECE organization, reenacting an ancient solar renewal ceremony.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine consistently explores UFO phenomena with a scientific and investigative approach. It emphasizes the importance of rigorous analysis, particularly for sound recordings and photographic evidence, while acknowledging the limitations of such data. The editorial stance appears open to the possibility of extraterrestrial intelligence, particularly humanoid forms, but remains cautious, advocating for thorough research and avoiding premature conclusions. There's a recurring theme that UFOs and related phenomena could act as catalysts for human intellectual and evolutionary development, pushing humanity to confront complex questions and advance its understanding of the universe and itself. The magazine also highlights the interdisciplinary nature of ufology, requiring expertise from various scientific and philosophical fields.

This issue of "Inforespace" features a significant review of James M. McCampbell's book "Ufology." The magazine's primary focus is on presenting a detailed analysis of McCampbell's scientific approach to understanding the UFO phenomenon.

L'auteur et sa méthode (The Author and His Method)

The review begins by introducing James M. McCampbell as an engineer physicist with a background in nuclear technology, noting his presence in "Who's who in Atoms." This establishes his scientific credibility. McCampbell's methodology is highlighted as unique: instead of rigorously filtering individual reports for potential errors, he starts with the premise that witnesses generally tell the truth. He then seeks correlations between numerous independent reports to build a comprehensive picture of the phenomenon. The reviewer acknowledges that while this approach may seem unconventional, it is presented as a logical technique for clarifying complex problems.

McCampbell's hypothesis is that unexplained phenomena are responsible for UFO reports. He argues that individual reports are fragmented, but assembling them can reveal a complete description. The reviewer expresses some doubt about McCampbell's conclusions, particularly his reliance on a limited number of cases to support claims like UFO accidents (citing the alleged 1952 Spitzberg crash and the 1950 New Mexico case) and the existence of mixed-species crews.

Composition et luminosité des OVNI (Composition and Luminosity of UFOs)

Chapter III of McCampbell's book delves into the composition and luminosity of UFOs. McCampbell suggests that UFOs are likely composed of known metals, possibly with a higher degree of purity or a novel crystalline structure. He posits that the light emitted by UFOs might be related to the excitation of air molecules, potentially involving rare gases like helium, neon, argon, krypton, and xenon due to their ionization potentials and spectral lines. The intense luminosity observed during UFO departures is discussed in relation to ball lightning, suggesting a plasma formed by high-frequency electromagnetic fields, possibly generated by microwaves.

McCampbell links odors like ozone, sulfur, or benzene sometimes reported after UFO sightings to substances produced by microwave action on air molecules. He defines microwaves as electromagnetic radiation with frequencies between 300 and 300,000 MHz, noting their use in radar. He estimates UFO-emitted frequencies to be in the radio wave range (300-3000 MHz).

Les sons (Sounds)

Chapter IV explores the possibility of UFOs emitting sounds. McCampbell suggests that high-frequency electromagnetic radiation, similar to radar, might be perceived as sound. He references medical studies indicating that some individuals can hear modulated radio frequencies, interpreting them as buzzing or jarring sounds. He proposes that UFOs might directly stimulate the auditory nerve via high-frequency radiation, bypassing the ear. This concept is extended to the potential for developing vocal communication with deaf individuals using modulated microwaves, a concept that could have future applications.

Effets physiologiques (Physiological Effects)

In Chapter VI, McCampbell proposes a mechanism to explain the paralysis experienced by some UFO witnesses, linking it to microwaves. He notes that UFOs often affect motors and lights, suggesting an electrical or electromagnetic influence. He theorizes that microwaves can induce an electrical wave in nerves, temporarily rendering them insensitive and potentially causing muscles to become rigid, leading to a complete immobilization of the body. This explanation is presented as hypothetical, as no known cases of paralysis caused by microwaves exist, though motor paralysis has been observed in laboratory animals.

McCampbell also explains other reported effects like sensations of heat, loss of consciousness, and temporary blindness as being caused by microwaves (infrared, ultraviolet, and stimulation of brain functions). However, he admits he has no explanation for headaches reported by witnesses, suggesting this might be psychosomatic. He acknowledges that psychological factors can play a role but emphasizes physical explanations when vehicles are also affected. The reviewer questions the simplicity of McCampbell's criterion for distinguishing between physical and psychological effects.

The chapter also discusses the reactions of animals to UFOs, attributing their fear and distress to the action of microwaves on their nervous systems. The author notes that animals, particularly dogs, often provide the first indication of a UFO's presence.

Vol et propulsion (Flight and Propulsion)

Chapter VII examines UFO flight characteristics. McCampbell notes that UFOs appear to defy gravity, lacking visible aerodynamic surfaces like wings or rotors. He suggests their 'effective' mass must be reduced to that of the displaced air, referencing Archimedes' principle. He highlights the challenge of understanding UFO flight, which involves immense accelerations without apparent means of propulsion. He dismisses occult or mystical explanations, advocating for scientific understanding.

McCampbell discusses the absence of sonic booms at supersonic speeds, referencing research into attenuating shockwaves using electromagnetic fields. He speculates that UFOs might deviate air flow by ionizing it. He suggests that UFO rotation, often observed, might be a stabilization system. He explores two hypotheses for UFO attraction of heavy objects: electrical attraction acting on conductive materials, or an unknown anti-gravity mechanism.

Evidence of heat production is noted, possibly from induction by carbonized microwaves. He also mentions that UFOs at rest are not significantly hot and do not emit high electrical potentials, as some witnesses have touched them without harm. The reviewer finds this chapter less convincing, criticizing the concept of 'gravity shield' and 'variable mass' as speculative and lacking experimental basis, suggesting that more conventional approaches like ionized air propulsion should be explored first.

Pilotes et passagers (Pilots and Passengers)

In this section, McCampbell includes all "contactee" cases without much filtering. He analyzes the reported heights of humanoids, identifying common sizes and suggesting a potential common ancestry with humans. He notes that humanoids often have blonde hair, fair skin, high foreheads, and elongated eyes, resembling some human types. He also discusses the language of UFO occupants, noting it is often described as strange, with dwarfs reportedly using grunts and sharp cries. He suggests that races isolated from humanity might develop unique languages.

McCampbell discusses the ability of UFO occupants to breathe Earth's atmosphere without helmets, inferring they live under lower oxygen and total pressure conditions than humans. He speculates that they might use decompression chambers before returning to their home atmosphere. The reviewer questions this, suggesting humanoids might have different respiratory and circulatory limits or use decompression chambers.

Activités sur la Terre (Activities on Earth)

Chapter IX questions whether UFO observations confirm the hypothesis of a planned scientific investigation of Earth by UFO occupants. While they inspect transport, industrial sites, and collect samples (possibly for sustenance), their actions appear more like random curiosity than organized study. The reviewer suggests this might stem from our inability to comprehend their motivations.

McCampbell also notes that some landings appear to be "emergency cases" for repairs. He suggests that passengers might be temporarily disembarked for missions and later retrieved. He even speculates that human-like UFO occupants might infiltrate human society temporarily.

He further considers the gravity on the UFO occupants' home planet based on their gait, noting that while often normal, it can be stiff and light, suggesting a weaker gravity. However, he also notes their slender build, which would typically require greater muscle mass in higher gravity. He proposes that their agile movement might be due to individual propulsion systems, possibly integrated into their clothing.

Regarding attitudes towards humans, McCampbell observes that UFOs generally avoid people. Landings are rare and prefer sparsely populated areas, often at night or twilight, possibly due to poor adaptation to daylight. He describes UFO occupants' behavior towards witnesses as generally indifferent but sometimes friendly, using defensive "weapons" like light-emitting tubes or flash lamps that cause temporary paralysis or disorientation. He regrets that terrestrial law enforcement doesn't possess such non-lethal, effective tools.

McCampbell's interpretation of the Antonio Villas Boas case suggests that UFO occupants are entirely human, possibly sharing a common ancestor or descending from a common group. The reviewer finds this interpretation problematic, questioning the evidence for fertility and the genetic compatibility required for such a cross. An alternative hypothesis is that humans are captured, subjected to mental enslavement, and biological manipulation, explaining certain humanoid characteristics like dwarfism.

Quelques remarques en conclusion (Some concluding remarks)

In the final chapter, McCampbell reiterates his hypothesis that witnesses tell the truth and that UFO observations form coherent patterns. He suggests that the study of UFOs can lead to new research avenues, potentially involving advanced technologies for propulsion. He criticizes the irrational skepticism that infects society and suggests that doubts about extraterrestrial visitors may stem more from emotional rejection than rational analysis.

The book outlines a three-phase research program requiring significant resources. Phase I, costing $4 million and taking one year, would focus on scientifically confirming UFO existence and identifying potential propulsion technologies. It would involve creating a comprehensive computer database for rapid analysis and information retrieval. A research team of 6-10 people plus consultants would be assembled. This phase would also include experimental work on microwave effects and conclude with a report detailing successes, failures, and a plan for Phase II.

Phase II, a more complex and ambitious undertaking costing $75-100 million over at least three years, would investigate new technologies and their potential applications. It would expand computer studies and information sources, possibly with UN assistance, and involve field investigations. Phase III might focus on the theoretical study of a prototype. McCampbell concludes his book with a call to action: "Let's get started!"

Notre appréciation d'ensemble (Our overall assessment)

The reviewer praises McCampbell's methodical approach to uncovering connections between various aspects of the UFO phenomenon and known facts, particularly his extensive use of microwave effects. However, the reviewer notes a lack of quantitative data, such as the intensity of radiation required for observed effects, which makes the hypothesis appear somewhat superficial and gratuitous. The reviewer also criticizes the over-reliance on Jacques Vallée's catalog of landings, which is noted for its errors and inaccuracies. Despite these criticisms, the reviewer acknowledges the book's clarity, organized structure, and extensive bibliography, deeming it the best scientific approach to the UFO phenomenon attempted to date and an indispensable tool for ufologists. The book is recommended for purchase from Jaymac Company.

Informations scientifiques: L'eau est-elle indispensable à la vie ? (Scientific Information: Is Water Indispensable to Life?)

This section discusses the fundamental role of water in living organisms, comprising 20-95% of their total mass. It details water's properties, including its high heat capacity, which helps maintain uniform temperatures, and its high surface tension. Water's remarkable solvent power and its role in cellular physiology and cloud formation are also mentioned. The text notes that water absorbs a significant portion of infrared and ultraviolet radiation.

This issue of "Chronique des OVNI" (UFO Chronicle) is titled "Les OVNI du \"Siècle des lumières\" (2)" (UFOs of the \"Age of Enlightenment\" (2)). It focuses on historical UFO sightings from the 18th century and also delves into the scientific properties of water and its implications for life.

The Role of Water in Life

The issue begins by discussing the properties of water, noting its apparent lack of selective absorption in the visible spectrum, making it seem "colorless." It poses the question of whether terrestrial life simply exploited water's properties or if water's unique role made it indispensable. Oceanographer R.A. Horne believes that non-aqueous life systems are improbable, even on other planets. While some researchers have demonstrated that enzymes can retain activity in non-aqueous solvents like hydrocarbons and simple alcohols, Horne suggests that these experiments may not have been conducted under completely anhydrous conditions.

The article contrasts carbon-based life with potential silicon-based life. Carbon compounds are favored due to their flexible, entangled structures that allow for complex biological functions. Silicon, while capable of forming complex chains, tends to create symmetrical structures, which are considered less compatible with the multiplicity of biological roles.

Horne's primary argument centers on water's capacity to form three-dimensional hydrogen bonds. These bonds, resulting from electrostatic attraction between positively polarized hydrogen atoms and negatively polarized oxygen or nitrogen atoms, explain why water is liquid at ordinary temperatures, contrary to what its molecular mass would suggest. While other substances like ammonia and alcohols can form hydrogen bonds, water is unique in its ability to form aggregates of up to 40 molecules, whereas simple alcohols form chains of only 5 to 7 molecules. Water also exhibits two types of hydrogen bonds, depending on whether molecules are bonded to polar or non-polar compounds. This property is thought to facilitate the assembly of larger, more ordered biological structures like mitochondria and cell nuclei.

Furthermore, the issue highlights the paradoxical requirement for biological molecules to be stable in their solvent yet reactive enough to participate in biological functions. Water, with its hydrogen bonds, is presented as an ideal solvent that balances stability and reactivity, making it indispensable for life. Consequently, the presence of water is considered a sine qua non for any form of life, including extraterrestrial life.

Book Reviews

"A la Recherche des OVNI - La Vérité sur les Soucoupes Volantes"

This section reviews the book "A la Recherche des OVNI - La Vérité sur les Soucoupes Volantes" by Jacques Scornaux and Christiane Piens, published by Marabout in early 1976. It is described as the first French-language, widely distributed book to approach the UFO problem using a strictly scientific method. The authors are praised for their objective and methodical approach, rejecting easy or unproven arguments. The book covers the characteristics and origins of UFOs, official responses, and historical sightings. It also explores potential links between UFOs and other mysterious phenomena, concluding with an assessment of future UFO research. The review highly recommends the book as one of the best five on the subject worldwide, noting its pocket format and affordable price.

"Le Nouveau Défi des OVNI"

This review discusses "Le Nouveau Défi des OVNI" by Jean-Claude Bourret, published by France-Empire. Bourret, an associate editor at TF1, began investigating UFOs in 1973 out of professional conscience. The review notes that his work has led to significant revelations, including the debunking of a famous George Adamski photograph. The book is presented as the result of months of original investigation, including access to French gendarmerie reports marked "secret-confidential." It also features interviews with engineers who designed UFO detection systems and analysis of a military aircraft incident involving a UFO. The book includes insights from CNRS researcher Pierre Guérin on the legal proof of UFOs and physicist Jean-Pierre Petit's experimental findings on UFO propulsion. The reviewer emphasizes the scientific rigor and objectivity of Bourret's work.

Historical UFO Sightings (18th Century)

This section details numerous historical UFO sightings from the 18th century:

• October 10, 1759: Objects resembling balls, emitting bluish light and performing a loop, were seen over Mendips, England.
• May 10, 1760: A very bright fireball, described as a "fire sphere," flew over New England, USA, casting new shadows.
• November 2, 1761: An immense luminous globe was observed over Switzerland.
• December 5, 1762: A "serpent" twisted and descended slowly over Bideford, England.
• April 1767: An "oblong and sulfureous cloud" passed over Germany.
• September 1767: A "house of fire" approached the ground near Coupar Angus, Scotland, causing damage, moving a cart, and destroying a house and bridge.
• October 24, 1769: Similar "houses of fire" were observed near Oxford, England.
• 1769: The bodies of a man and his wife, along with horses, were found near a smoking hole in the ground near Amiens, France.
• September 1768: While traveling near Leipzig, Germany, the young Goethe observed a "wonderfully illuminated amphitheater" with countless small, moving lights.
• January 27, 1770: A luminous object the size of the full moon was seen in Denmark.
• June 17, 1777: Astronomer Charles Messier observed numerous dark discs.
• June 7, 1779: A flight of luminous discs passed over Boulogne, France.
• December 9, 1781: A "procession" of luminous discs was reported over Florence, Italy.
• August 30, 1783: A sphere with a luminous cone flew over Greenwich, England.
• August 20, 1783 (approx.): A brilliant sphere, twice the apparent diameter of the full moon, flew over Edinburgh, Scotland, exhibiting rotation and resembling "molten steel."
• October 18, 1783: Tiberius Cavallo observed an oblong, luminous object that became spherical and then moved parallel to the horizon before disappearing. It changed shape, became oblong, and seemed to split into two before an explosion was heard.
• December 26, 1785: A luminous sphere with a conical appendage traversed the sky over Edinburgh.
• June 21, 1787: An ellipsoidal object flew over Edinburgh.
• November 28, 1793: A "boyard" reported a strange phenomenon in Romania where the moon seemed to flee the sky.
• 1795: Lyon newspapers reported fireballs moving at high speeds over the city.
• September 10, 1798: A cylindrical object resembling an "apothecary's pestle" emerged from a cloud over Alnwick, England, appearing to branch and then split into two luminous half-moons.
• September 19, 1799: A bluish-white, flamboyant ball flew silently from northwest to southeast over England, moving rapidly and "trembling."
• November 12, 1799: A "large red pillar" flew over Hereford, England.
• November 19, 1799: Bright flashes were emitted by a sparkling sphere over Huncoates, England.
• 1790: Near Alençon, France, peasants observed a large globe surrounded by flames that descended, rotated, and crashed, scorching the vegetation. A door opened, and a person dressed strangely emerged, spoke incomprehensible words, and fled into the woods. The sphere then exploded silently. This report was reportedly met with sarcasm by the Academy of Sciences.

The Adamski Photograph Hoax

The issue also recounts the story of George Adamski's famous "flying saucer" photograph, which was later revealed to be a hoax. Ken Rogers, investigating the claim, discovered that the "scout ship" in the photo was actually the lid of a beverage cooler designed by engineer Frank Nicholson, who had patented it in 1959 based on Adamski's photo. The article notes that the photo dated from 1952, humorously suggesting America's lead in innovation.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine consistently promotes a scientific and objective approach to UFO research, as evidenced by the book reviews and the detailed historical accounts. It aims to inform readers and provide researchers with material for fundamental study. The editorial stance is skeptical of easy explanations and emphasizes the importance of collecting and analyzing historical data to understand the UFO phenomenon comprehensively. The recurring theme is the persistent presence of unexplained aerial phenomena throughout history, challenging conventional explanations and encouraging further investigation.