Inforespace - No 110 - 2005

Magazine Overview

This issue of Inforespace, revue n° 110, dated June 2005 and in its 34th year, is published by the Belgian Society for the Study of Spatial Phenomena (SOBEPS). The cover prominently features the title 'inforespace' and the main topic: 'ufologie phénomènes spatiaux' (Ufology Spatial Phenomena).

Featured Articles and Content

Study of Radar and Infrared Observations by the Mexican Air Force in 2004

This extensive article by Auguste Meessen, a professor of theoretical physics at U.C.L., details a significant incident on March 5, 2004. A Mexican Air Force aircraft, on an anti-drug mission, detected an unidentified target on its radar. The aircraft pursued the target, using both radar and an infrared (FLIR) camera. The radar indicated a target with unusual speed variations and flight paths, while the FLIR camera initially detected unusual infrared signatures, described as 'flames of gas' from distant oil platforms, but later struggled to identify the target. The analysis highlights the sensitivity of the 'Star Safire II' FLIR system and the limitations of visual and infrared detection when faced with objects that may be intentionally camouflaged or invisible.

The article delves into the methodology of the investigation, including the role of the Mexican Secretary of National Defense, who ordered an internal inquiry and sought external collaborations. It discusses the media's reaction, including a critical 'open letter' from over 100 astronomers who questioned the scientific rigor and proposed explanations like ball lightning. Meessen critically examines various hypotheses, including the 'flare hypothesis' (torchères) and the 'flying object hypothesis' adopted by the aircrew. He notes the object's invisibility to both infrared and visual observation, suggesting it might not emit infrared light and could behave as if transparent. The radar data showed remarkable speed fluctuations and erratic movements, leading to speculation about intentional countermeasures or 'jamming'. The article also touches upon the difficulty of detecting UFOs with radar and the potential for intentional obfuscation.

Book Reviews

'La vague de 1954 en Belgique, année charnière pour l'ufologie européenne' by Franck Boitte is reviewed. This publication is divided into two parts: the author's personal journey into ufology and the history of Belgian ufology, and a catalog of 106 Belgian cases from the 1954 wave. The review highlights the book's examination of the European context of the 1954 wave and the challenges of collecting reliable UFO information.

'OVNIS: Créateurs de l'humanité' by Jean Sider is also reviewed. This book is presented as a continuation of Sider's previous work, 'La vie vient d'une intelligence supérieure'. Sider posits that human life was imported or created on Earth by superior extraterrestrial intelligence, with the purpose of manipulation. The book details alleged procedures used by these 'superior intelligences' to deceive those who have contacted them.

SOBEPS Services and Information

The magazine includes information about the SOBEPS bookstore, listing available books on ufology with their prices in Euros and Belgian Francs. It also promotes the SOBEPS website (www.sobeps.org) and the sale of SOBEPS pins as a means of supporting the organization. Contact details for ordering and payment via bank transfer or postal money order are provided, along with information for foreign members within the Eurozone.

Editorial and Recurring Themes

This issue strongly focuses on the analytical approach to UAP phenomena, emphasizing the importance of rigorous scientific investigation, data analysis, and the critical evaluation of evidence. The detailed examination of the Mexican Air Force incident showcases the magazine's commitment to exploring complex cases with a methodical, evidence-based perspective. The inclusion of book reviews on historical cases and extraterrestrial theories broadens the scope of ufological inquiry. The recurring theme is the persistent mystery of unidentified aerial phenomena and the ongoing efforts to understand their nature and origin, even when faced with technological limitations and skepticism.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

Inforespace consistently adopts a serious, analytical, and investigative stance towards ufology. The editorial approach prioritizes detailed case studies, scientific analysis of data (radar, infrared, visual), and critical examination of various hypotheses. The magazine aims to present well-researched information, often drawing from official reports and scientific contributions, while acknowledging the limitations of current knowledge and the challenges in definitively explaining anomalous phenomena. There is a clear emphasis on distinguishing between anecdotal reports and instrumentally-derived data, and on the importance of transparency and open investigation, as exemplified by the Mexican Defense Ministry's approach. The magazine also serves as a platform for promoting ufological research and resources within the Belgian and broader European context.

This issue of 'infospace' magazine, published by 'infospace', delves into the analysis of unexplained infrared light sources detected by a FLIR system aboard an aircraft. The content is primarily in French, with a focus on technical and scientific investigation.

Analysis of Infrared Light Sources

The magazine details a series of observations made on March 5, 2004, over Mexico, where an aircraft equipped with a FLIR system detected multiple infrared light sources. The primary focus is on understanding the nature and origin of these lights, which appeared to be distant and exhibited peculiar characteristics.

Initial Observations and Data Collection

The FLIR system captured images and data, including elevation and azimuth measurements, of these light sources. Figures 6 through 9 illustrate the visual data and the recorded parameters, such as the elevation and azimuth of a target labeled 'T'. The data suggests that the aircraft was tracking a target, possibly a radar target, but the infrared observations revealed additional lights.

Object Characteristics and Behavior

Several light sources were observed, including a 'doublet' and a 'triplet' of lights. The analysis suggests that some of these lights were stationary relative to ground structures, while others appeared to move relative to each other. The infrared images revealed details like halos around the lights, which are attributed to reflections within the camera's lens system. The intensity of one source, labeled 'X', was measured to be highly fluctuating, consistent with a distant source affected by atmospheric turbulence.

Triangulation and Distance Estimation

To determine the distance to the light sources, triangulation methods were employed. Figures 11 and 14 illustrate the geometrical principles used. By analyzing the aircraft's trajectory and the angular positions of the lights, attempts were made to calculate their distances. The initial estimations suggested that some sources, potentially oil rig flares in the Bay of Campeche, were located around 160 km away.

Atmospheric Optics and Refraction

A significant portion of the analysis is dedicated to understanding the effects of atmospheric optics, particularly atmospheric refraction. The magazine explains how the Earth's atmosphere bends light, especially when observing distant objects near the horizon. Calculations were performed to determine the expected depression of the horizon and how atmospheric refraction would affect the observed elevations of light sources. The standard atmospheric refraction model suggests that if the sources were near the horizon, their elevation should be around -1.65°. However, the observed elevations were consistently positive, around +2° to +3°.

Investigating Anomalous Elevations

The discrepancy between the calculated elevations based on atmospheric refraction and the observed positive elevations is a key point of investigation. The magazine explores whether aircraft attitude, specifically the inclination of the aircraft (represented by the angle 't'), could account for this difference. Using the relationship ε = El + τ.cos(Az), where El is the measured elevation and Az is the azimuth, the analysis suggests that a significant tilt angle (around 5.7°) might be required to reconcile the observed and calculated elevations, assuming the sources are distant oil flares.

Alternative Hypotheses and Further Analysis

While the oil flare hypothesis is explored, the magazine also considers other possibilities. The analysis of relative angular movements of the lights (Figure 26) suggests the presence of two groups of infrared sources, potentially indicating flying objects. The text discusses the limitations of triangulation for distant objects and the potential for errors in FLIR calibration. The possibility of anomalous atmospheric refraction phenomena, such as mirages, is also considered but largely dismissed based on temperature data from meteorological balloons.

Conclusion on Light Sources

The issue concludes that while the hypothesis of distant oil rig flares is plausible, the observed positive elevations remain difficult to explain solely through standard atmospheric refraction and aircraft attitude. The fluctuating intensity and relative movements of some lights hint at phenomena beyond simple terrestrial sources. The article emphasizes the need for further investigation and adequate equipment to definitively identify these infrared sources.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue are the investigation of unexplained aerial phenomena (UAP) through advanced sensor technology (FLIR), the application of scientific principles like triangulation and atmospheric optics, and the rigorous analysis of observational data. The editorial stance appears to be one of objective scientific inquiry, meticulously examining all plausible explanations while acknowledging the limitations of the available data and the possibility of unknown phenomena. The magazine aims to present a detailed, step-by-step analysis of complex observations, encouraging critical thinking and further research.

This issue of Inforespace is a compilation of detailed analyses and reports concerning Unidentified Flying Objects (UFOs), with a particular focus on scientific methodologies and case studies. It features an index of the first 100 issues, offering a retrospective look at the magazine's content. The primary content revolves around two major investigations: a 2004 observation by the Mexican Air Force and the extensive documentation of the 1989-1991 Belgian UFO wave by the SOBEPS organization.

Analysis of the Mexican Air Force Observation (March 5, 2004)

The core of the magazine delves into a remarkable observation made by the Mexican Air Force on March 5, 2004, involving radar and Forward-Looking Infrared (FLIR) data. The issue meticulously examines the data, including the apparent movement and characteristics of the observed phenomena. It explores the hypothesis that these lights could be oil well flames or torchères, a common explanation for such sightings. However, the analysis goes deeper, considering factors like atmospheric refraction, the apparent speed and trajectory of the objects, and the limitations of FLIR technology. The article discusses the angular velocity of apparent sources and their relationship to distance and elevation, using mathematical formulas to model these phenomena. It highlights discrepancies that challenge simple explanations, such as the consistent elevation of crossing sources despite differing distances, and the significant elevation differences for objects moving at the same angular speed.

The text also addresses the "twins" phenomenon, describing luminous sources with similar angular dimensions. It calculates their potential size and compares it to known phenomena, suggesting that if they were torchères at 160 km, their diameter would be around 110 m. The FLIR's ability to detect heat is explained, noting that it captures the entire hot volume, not just the visible flame. The concept of infrared reflection from the sea surface is also explored, with the FLIR capturing a shortened reflection, reinforcing the torchère hypothesis in some instances.

A separate source of infrared light, designated 'Z', is analyzed, showing a large, non-circular shape. Its movement and elevation are tracked, and triangulation is used to estimate its distance. The article discusses the potential for this source to be an oil fire or torchères, but notes it's unlikely to be related to oil platforms in the Bay of Campeche.

A significant portion of the analysis is dedicated to the observation of the Moon near the horizon using FLIR. This section examines the effects of atmospheric refraction on the Moon's apparent shape and elevation, comparing measurements with theoretical calculations and astronomical data. The study highlights the importance of accounting for the aircraft's altitude and the angle of inclination of the aircraft's axis.

Further analysis is given to "last infrared sources," which appeared as a central source (Ω) and two smaller ones. The fluctuating intensity of these sources leads to the hypothesis of torchères. The article discusses the elevation and azimuth measurements of source Ω, noting its potential distance or its proximity to the aircraft. The possibility of these being objects following the aircraft at a great distance is also considered.

The issue concludes the analysis of the Mexican observation by discussing the radar data, which indicated an object that was optically undetectable by both infrared and visible light. The radar's retro-diffusion of microwaves was perturbed, creating erratic images. The authors suggest this could be due to countermeasures or intentional jamming, possibly involving ionized air and plasma. They note that while the radar detected the object, FLIR and visible light did not, leading to the hypothesis of camouflage.

The Belgian UFO Wave (1989-1991)

The second major part of the magazine focuses on the "Vague d'OVNI sur la Belgique" (UFO Wave over Belgium), presenting two comprehensive reports published by SOBEPS. The first report, "Un Dossier Exceptionnel," covers the period from autumn 1989 to summer 1991. It includes a preface by Jean-Pierre Petit, a day-by-day history of events, media coverage, analysis of photos and videos, radar data analysis in collaboration with the Air Force and Gendarmerie, the scientific and official interest in the phenomenon, and statistical analyses of the wave. It also touches upon stealth technology and concludes with personal reflections from the authors and a postface by General Wilfried De Brouwer.

The second report, "Une Enigme Non Résolue," published in 1994, builds upon the initial findings. It features a preface by philosopher Isabelle Stengers, discussing the "anomaly" of the wave. This report details significant cases that occurred after the first report's publication, examines flight characteristics and physical effects, analyzes the Petit-Rechain photograph, and discusses daytime cases. It also covers scientific reactions, media evolution, meteorological perturbations, and the role of radar, particularly F-16 radars, in a specific night event. The report concludes with prospects for scientific ufology and the political implications of research, including SOBEPS's démarches at national and European levels.

Scientific Principles and Hypotheses

Throughout the issue, various scientific principles are applied to understand UFO phenomena. These include:

• Angular Velocity: The relationship between apparent angular velocity, speed, and distance is explored.
• Atmospheric Refraction: Detailed explanations and calculations are provided for how the Earth's atmosphere bends light, affecting the apparent elevation of objects, especially near the horizon. This is crucial for interpreting observations of celestial bodies like the Moon and potential aerial phenomena.
• Infrared (FLIR) Technology: The capabilities and limitations of FLIR cameras in detecting heat signatures are discussed, along with how they perceive objects differently from visible light cameras.
• Radar: The use of radar in detecting aerial objects is mentioned, along with the potential for radar signals to be affected by atmospheric conditions or countermeasures.
• Optical Transparency and Camouflage: A theoretical model is proposed for how an object might achieve optical transparency by manipulating the refractive index of the surrounding air, drawing parallels to known UFO observations where objects were detected by radar but not visually.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine consistently adopts a rigorous, scientific approach to the study of UFOs. It emphasizes the importance of empirical data, instrumental measurements, and logical analysis. While acknowledging the possibility of conventional explanations (like oil well flames or atmospheric phenomena), the articles highlight cases where these explanations fall short, suggesting the need for further investigation and open-mindedness. The editorial stance encourages scientific curiosity and critical thinking, urging researchers and the public to prioritize observed facts and avoid preconceived notions. The publication of detailed reports and technical analyses, along with references to scientific literature and experts, underscores a commitment to advancing the understanding of unexplained aerial phenomena.

The issue also touches upon the role of scientific skepticism and the challenges of interpreting anomalous data, advocating for a rational yet open approach to the UFO phenomenon. The underlying message is that scientific inquiry, even into seemingly unconventional subjects, is a driver of progress.

This document is an issue of Inforespace, a semiannual review published by SOBEPS (Société Belge d'Étude des Phénomènes Aériens). The publication is characterized by its voluntary, non-profit nature, focusing on the rational observation and study of unidentified aerial phenomena (UAP) and related issues. The content is disseminated through the review, conferences, and debates.

SOBEPS: Mission and Activities

SOBEPS operates as a non-profit association, free from any confessional, philosophical, or political affiliations. Its core mission is the rational observation and study of unidentified aerial phenomena and associated problems. The association relies entirely on volunteer efforts. Their activities encompass investigations into testimonies and the unbiased dissemination of collected information. This dissemination occurs through their semiannual review, Inforespace, as well as conferences and debates.

Collaboration and Membership

The editorial team of Inforespace depends on the goodwill of its volunteer collaborators and their free time, meaning the publication does not have a commercial character and cannot guarantee fixed release dates, with potential delays. Consequently, SOBEPS actively solicits the collaboration of its members. They are invited to share any information related to topics covered in the review. Members are also encouraged to participate in promoting the Society and, according to their means, to become active collaborators in various tasks such as translation, reduction (of information), investigations, secretarial work, and coding.

Furthermore, if an individual happens to observe an unusual aerial phenomenon, or becomes aware of such an observation by others, they are urged to report it to SOBEPS as quickly as possible.

Secretariat - Library

The premises of SOBEPS are accessible to members for consultations. Access is strictly by appointment on Saturdays, between 2 PM and 6 PM. During these hours, members can consult the entire documentation collection, which includes books and journals.

SOBEPS also reminds the public that the phone number 02/524.28.48 is dedicated to receiving testimonies. This line is equipped with an automatic answering service that operates 24 hours a day.

SOBEPS Slides Collection

The collection of slides offered by SOBEPS is currently exhausted. However, the organization can still offer some exceptional series, each accompanied by commentary regarding the origin of the documents. These include:

• Three series of 12 color slides, available for €15 per set of 12 photographs (equivalent to 600 Belgian Francs or 100 French Francs). The price for all three series is €42 (equivalent to 1700 Belgian Francs or 280 French Francs).
• Two series of 12 slides focusing on the Belgian wave of 1989-91. These are offered as two inseparable sets for €18.5 (equivalent to 750 Belgian Francs or 120 French Francs).

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this document revolve around the core activities of SOBEPS: the systematic and rational investigation of unidentified aerial phenomena, the importance of member participation and collaboration, and the dissemination of information through publications and accessible documentation. The editorial stance is clearly one of scientific inquiry, emphasizing objectivity and voluntary contribution, while acknowledging the potential for delays in publication due to its non-commercial, volunteer-driven nature.