inforespace hors serie - No 02 - 1978

Magazine Overview

Title: Inforespace
Issue: Hors série (Special Issue)
Date: 1972 à 1978
Publisher: SOBEPS asbl (Société Belge d'Etude des Phénomènes Spatiaux)
Country: Belgium
Language: French

This special issue of Inforespace, published by the Belgian Society for the Study of Space Phenomena (SOBEPS), is dedicated to the instrumental detection of UFOs. It announces the launch of a national detection and surveillance network, SEDES (Service Détection SOBEPS), inviting readers to participate actively.

Editorial

The editorial, written by Emile Têcheur, head of SEDES, highlights the importance of moving beyond mere eyewitness testimony to a more scientific, instrumental approach to the UFO phenomenon. It announces the opening of the national detection network, thanking early contributors. The editorial explains that SEDES, comprising scientists, aims to develop appropriate methodologies and tools for serious study. It acknowledges that not all technical details can be covered due to complexity but promises to present the network's core structure. The success of the network relies heavily on human collaboration and the effort of future collaborators. The issue introduces two base magnetic detectors developed by SEDES: DEMAS 1 A and DEMAS 1 B. The editorial expresses hope that this network will yield significant results and contribute to the scientific acceptance of UFO research.

Thematic Content

La détection: voie de recherche instrumentale sur le phénomène OVNI

This article argues that the UFO phenomenon, often criticized for lacking objective, quantitative data, can be approached through instrumental research. While direct laboratory study is difficult, the effects produced by UFOs—physical manifestations and environmental perturbations—are measurable. The article emphasizes that human testimony, while a starting point, is fallible. The proposed solution is a "network" approach, extending the concept of a laboratory spatially. The focus is on detecting magnetic and electromagnetic disturbances associated with UFOs, using technology to approach the tangible aspects of this unknown universe. The authors acknowledge that initial efforts may seem modest compared to the phenomenon's scale but are necessary steps in a long quest for knowledge.

Choix des détecteurs

This section details the selection criteria for detectors. The primary motivation is the significant correlation between UFOs and magnetic/electromagnetic disturbances. The article notes that statistical analysis shows a high incidence of these effects compared to other observed phenomena, such as vehicle malfunctions, power outages, and electronic interference. The choice was made to focus on variations in magnetic and electromagnetic fields, specifically excluding composite detectors that respond to multiple physical quantities to ensure clearer data interpretation. The article outlines the functions (surveillance, detection, measurement) and imperatives (sensitivity, specificity, selectivity, reliability, ease of use) for both detectors and the network itself.

DEMAS 1 A and DEMAS 1 B

Two specific detectors are introduced: DEMAS 1 A (DEtecteur Magnétique Sobeps modèle 1 type Aiguille) is designed to monitor slow magnetic disturbances, from direct current up to 1-2 Hertz. DEMAS 1 B is complementary, monitoring pulsed electromagnetic disturbances in the frequency range of 1 Hertz to several tens of Hertz. Both are intended for use within the detection network.

Historique de la détection

This historical overview traces the evolution of UFO detection methods. It begins with the 1947 Kenneth Arnold sighting and the less-publicized observation by Alfred Johnson, whose compass anomaly indicated a physical interaction with a UFO. This led to the concept of "magnetic effects." Keith Cartwright in Australia developed an early magnetic detector using a compass whose needle closed an electrical circuit upon deviation. By 1958, similar detectors appeared in Denmark. The article then delves into official, albeit secretive, initiatives: the U.S. Air Force's 1953 instrumental surveillance network using spectrographic cameras, and Canada's Project MAGNET, launched in 1953 and inaugurated in 1954 under Dr. Wilbert Smith, which aimed to detect UFOs and their associated physical perturbations. In France, LDLN organized its first magnetic detection network in 1963, facing significant organizational and technical challenges. They developed the "GEOS" detector, later replaced by the "CHARTIER" model. By 1968/69, the LDLN network had about 450 posts. An analysis of 1958 data showed a correlation between detections and observations. The GEPA group also contributed to detection research in 1966. The article notes the difficulties in achieving high sensitivity and reliability in early detection systems.

Le réseau

The network's function is described as collective surveillance, detection, and measurement, providing ensemble information. Key imperatives include spatial density for statistical analysis, temporal continuity, normalization of equipment, and a functional, collaborative approach involving human input and information sharing through "fiche détections" (detection forms).

Mode de fonctionnement pratique du réseau

Participation in the network is straightforward: acquire a detector, return the adhesion form, and report any alerts. Each detector package includes an instruction manual, adhesion form, detection forms, a special detection questionnaire, and an observation questionnaire. "Fiche détections" are crucial for statistical analysis and establishing correlations between UFO phenomena and the research subject. In cases of alerts coinciding with unusual phenomena, the detection form must be submitted with other relevant documents.

Fiche détection

This section details the structure of the "fiche détection" (detection form), which collects information about the detector's owner, its operational status, and the details of any direct detection. It includes fields for date, precise time, total duration, continuous/discontinuous alerts, presumed cause, and whether a UFO observation occurred. It also has a section for recorded detections via a luminous memory, including date, approximate time, and presumed cause. Additional fields cover environmental conditions (sky, temperature) and particular facts. The form emphasizes the need for prompt completion and return for analysis.

Du détecteur au magnétomètre

This article likely delves deeper into the technical aspects of the DEMAS detectors, explaining their function as magnetometers and their role in measuring magnetic field variations. It would detail the principles behind their operation and their specific applications within the detection network.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring theme throughout this issue is the necessity and methodology of applying scientific, instrumental approaches to the study of UFOs. The editorial stance is one of advocating for rigorous, objective research, moving beyond anecdotal evidence. There is a strong emphasis on collaboration, with readers encouraged to become active participants in building a scientific network. The publication champions the idea that by systematically detecting and analyzing physical phenomena associated with UFOs, the field can gain scientific credibility and acceptance.

This issue of the magazine, titled "DEMAS 1 A", focuses on the development and technical specifications of a magnetic needle-type detector designed for UFO (OVNI) detection. The publication date is indicated as 1979, and it appears to be part of a series or a special issue related to detection technology.

The SVEPS Project and the DEMAS 1A Detector

The article begins by discussing the concept of composite detection systems, which use multiple sensors sensitive to different physical parameters to detect UFOs. This idea was central to the SVEPS (Société Varoise d'Etude des Phénomènes spatiaux) project, founded in 1970 by Dr. Hardy. The goal was to create a comprehensive detection station that could provide quantitative, immediate measurements of UFO manifestations and their atmospheric environment, without human intervention.

However, the SVEPS project faced significant financial hurdles. The estimated cost of the realization was around 140,000 French francs, and the organization had to rely solely on member contributions. A quote from the publication "Limites" highlights the slow progress due to lack of funds, contrasting it with similar, already realized stations in the United States. This situation led to the idea passing to the Atlantic, as stated in the quote.

The article then details the evolution of detection research in France, with organizations like ADEPS Méditerranée and ADEPS Atlantique contributing. The GTR (Groupement de Recherche) is also mentioned as a pioneer in detection research.

Technical Development of Magnetic Detectors

The core of the issue is a detailed technical description of the DEMAS 1A detector, a magnetic needle-type device. The article explains the theoretical principles behind magnetic detection using coils and needles.

DEMAS 1A: Design and Functionality

The DEMAS 1A is presented as the definitive model, designed to overcome the limitations of earlier prototypes. Key features and design considerations include:

• Principle of Operation: The detector uses a magnetic needle that, in its resting position (indicating North), partially obstructs a light beam directed at a photo-electric cell. The signal generated by the photo-electric cell (es) varies with the angle of the needle.
• Sensitivity: The detector is designed to trigger an alarm when the needle deviates by approximately 3 degrees. This deviation is linked to a specific voltage threshold (Us).
• Parasite Rejection: A major focus of the development was to make the detector insensitive to external magnetic interference (parasites). The article discusses various types of parasites and the difficulties in filtering them. The DEMAS 1A achieves this by using a photo-electric system and a high detection threshold, ensuring that only strong, sustained magnetic signals trigger the alarm.
• Temperature Drift: Earlier models suffered from temperature drifts that could cause false alarms. The DEMAS 1A's design, particularly the use of a photo-electric cell and a higher threshold, resolves this issue by keeping the operating point within a "dead zone" under normal temperature conditions.
• Alarm System: The detector includes a dual alarm system: a continuous audible alarm and a red LED memory indicator that remains lit after a detection event.
• Power Supply: The DEMAS 1A is powered by a 220 V AC mains connection, with a stabilized power supply.

Technical Specifications of DEMAS 1A

• Sensitivity: Pre-set to 3° needle deviation (1000 gammas).
• Power Supply: 220 V AC mains connection.
• Parasite Immunity: Insensitive to temperature drifts and all types of parasites.
• Bandwidth: 0 to 2 Hertz.
• Audible Alarm: Integrated HP, 0.3 Watts.
• Consumption: Negligible (a few mA).
• Detection Memory: LED indicator.

Other Sections

• DEMAS 1 B: Bobine Detector: A brief mention of a second type of detector, the DEMAS 1 B, which uses a coil as a sensor and is designed for higher frequency detection (1 Hz to tens of kilohertz).
• Call for Membership: The issue includes a section encouraging readers to become active members of the detection network and to purchase the DEMAS 1A detector. The price is listed as FB 1,550 (FF 255), including taxes and postage. Ordering instructions are provided, with specific methods for France, Canada, and other countries.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring theme is the persistent effort in France to develop reliable and affordable UFO detection technology, despite significant financial and technical challenges. The editorial stance appears to be one of dedication to scientific research in the field of ufology, emphasizing the importance of instrumental detection and the development of specialized equipment. There is a clear focus on technical innovation and problem-solving, particularly in overcoming interference and ensuring the reliability of detection instruments. The article also implicitly highlights the disparity in funding and progress between European and American UFO research efforts.

This issue of the magazine focuses on advanced scientific projects and technological developments related to detecting and analyzing unexplained phenomena, particularly UFOs. The primary focus is on the "Projet Starlight International" (PSI), a sophisticated initiative dedicated to rigorous scientific observation of UFOs.

Projet Starlight International (PSI)

The "Projet Starlight International" (PSI), conceived by Ray Stanford and directed by him, aims to collect precise data on UFO phenomena using scientific methods. The project, which began as an idea presented by Dr. Garry C. Henderson in 1968, has evolved into a tangible reality with a permanent base located northwest of Austin, Texas. This base is equipped with various instruments designed to gather comprehensive data on potential UFO sightings.

The PSI team comprises five full-time members working on developing new equipment and being ready to respond to calls for assistance. Their efforts are particularly focused on the "ARGUS" (Automated Ringup on Geolo-cated UFO Sightings) program. This program investigates UFO reports that frequently mention electromagnetic effects, sudden changes in ambient temperature and pressure, and peculiar sounds.

To address these aspects, PSI's laboratories are equipped with three automatic recording magnetometers, a gravimeter, a micro-barometer, an electrometer, and several cameras. Directional and ambient microphones are used to capture all sounds emitted in the vicinity of the station. All recorded data is synchronized with a clock to ensure precise timing of events. The team is also developing a new type of magnetometer capable of three-dimensional recording up to 700 Hz.

For potential communication with UFOs, PSI utilizes a laser (Liconx 605 M) that can transmit coded or non-coded information. The choice of laser over radio transmission is due to frequent reports of significant interference during UFO observations.

The laboratory also houses a 35 mm camera, a Super 8 sound camera with a 1-12 zoom, and three synchronized 35 mm cameras, one of which is equipped for spectral analysis of received light. Two Schmidt-Cassegrain telescopes are paired with cameras to provide magnified and precise images of observed phenomena.

An additional experiment involves a circle of 91 lamps (150 watts each) arranged around a central bulb, which can be activated in various sequences to potentially establish contact, reminiscent of scenes from Spielberg's film "Close Encounters of the Third Kind."

The center is also equipped with a Raytheon Model 1700 radar, capable of detecting phenomena within a 20 km radius. If a UFO is detected, the radar data (distance, horizontal and vertical coordinates) would be fed into a computer. This computer would then adjust other instruments and select the most relevant topographical information within a 1200 km² area to track the UFO's trajectory and potential landing site. A network of local volunteers can be mobilized to follow the phenomenon.

PSI also uses a "lie detector" (Psychological Stress Evaluator) to verify the sincerity of witnesses reporting close encounters or contacts.

Despite the significant investment, the project's potential scientific return from a single, well-documented observation is considered substantial, promising to advance the field of ufology.

Technical Aspects of UFO Detection

The issue delves into the technical principles behind magnetic field detection, discussing various methods and their applications.

The DEMAS 1B Detector

The article describes the DEMAS 1B, a definitive model of a UFO detector, which is an evolution of a prototype. It features an improved control logic and an impedance adapter between the first two amplifier stages. The DEMAS 1B utilizes a sensor with 13,500 turns, a magnetic surface area of 144 m², and an inductance of 10 Henry.

#### Sensor and Preamplifier

The sensor is similar to the prototype's, with a low-noise preamplifier providing a gain of 300 (50 dB) and a bandwidth of 3 to 300 Hz. The input noise is 0.5 µV for a 10 Hz bandwidth, with adjustable gain.

#### Impedance Adapter and Filter

An impedance adapter stage facilitates the link between the preamplifier and the active double-T filter, ensuring stability and amplification of low frequencies (around 0.1 Hz). The active double-T filter allows for selection of central frequencies (2.5 Hz, 5 Hz, 10 Hz, 20 Hz) to reject specific interference, such as the 50 Hz mains frequency.

#### Amplifiers and Signal Processing

An operational amplifier (Op-Amp) with a 15 Hz bandwidth increases the total gain to 300,000. The output signal is analog and suitable for a moving-coil instrument. A detector converts the symmetrical analog signal into a variable DC voltage, with a smoothing capacitor filtering the signal for better integration of short-duration signals.

#### Control Logic and Alarms

A Schmitt trigger provides a command pulse for an RS memory when a detection threshold is reached (adjustable from 1.8 to 5 V). A fixed timer (0.2 sec) prevents false triggers from fluorescent ballast switching. A variable timer allows for adjustable detection delays based on local electromagnetic radiation.

When a detection occurs, the RS memory stores the information and activates an LED. An output pulse triggers a 1 kHz oscillator for an audible alarm. A "Reset" (RAZ) function includes an automatic reset upon power loss and a manual reset after detection. The 1 kHz oscillator is followed by an amplifier driving a speaker, producing a cadence alarm. Astable circuits I and II generate the command signals for the oscillator, creating a series of beeps followed by silence.

Technical Characteristics and Performance

• Total Amplifier Gain: 300,000 (110 dB), adjustable from 3,000 to 300,000.
• Temperature Drift: Not measurable.
• Usable Gain: Approximately 25,000 to 50,000 with the described coil.
• Maximum Sensitivity: 8.4 x 10⁻⁷ Tesla/sec (840 gammas/sec) at 10 Hz with a 13,500-turn coil.

Interface and Extension Possibilities

An interface is being developed to connect the detector to a potentiometric recorder or a cassette interface for clock-synchronized recording. This interface will include a voltage-to-frequency converter, a quartz clock with a binary counter, two non-harmonic oscillators modulated by the signal, and a mixer to send the modulated frequencies to a cassette recorder. The system can record analog signals for 25 seconds upon detection, capturing time data with high precision.

Principles of Magnetic Field Measurement

The article explores various methods for measuring magnetic induction.

Hall Effect Measurement

When a continuous current flows through a conductor in the presence of a perpendicular magnetic field, a potential difference (Hall voltage) is generated across its surface. This voltage is proportional to the magnetic induction (B) and the current (I), with a constant (k) dependent on the material and dimensions. While Hall effect sensors are now widely available, high-performance ones remain expensive and are often used in "on/off" applications.

Measurement by Modification of Magnetic State

Two methods are discussed:

1. Modification of Permeability: The permeability of a ferromagnetic material changes with the applied magnetic field. This variation affects the inductance of a coil wound around the material. By measuring the inductance, the magnetic field can be determined. The depth of penetration (δ) of an alternating electromagnetic wave into a conductor is crucial, as it depends on frequency, conductivity, and permeability. This phenomenon, known as the skin effect, concentrates current near the surface of a conductor at higher frequencies, affecting its resistance and inductance. Materials like permalloy (78.5% nickel-iron alloy) with high relative permeability are suitable for such sensors.

2. Modification of Hysteresis Cycle: The hysteresis cycle of ferromagnetic materials can also be used. By superimposing a constant external field (Ho) onto an alternating field (H(t)), the symmetry of the hysteresis loop is broken. The second harmonic of the induced voltage is proportional to the applied magnetic field (Bo). A device can be designed to measure this second harmonic, thus providing information about the magnetic induction.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The issue strongly emphasizes a scientific and technological approach to studying unexplained phenomena, particularly UFOs. It highlights the importance of precise instrumentation, data acquisition, and rigorous analysis. The articles detail complex electronic circuits and physical principles, suggesting a readership interested in the technical and scientific aspects of detection and measurement. The overall stance is one of serious investigation, aiming to move beyond anecdotal evidence towards quantifiable data, as exemplified by the Project Starlight International.

This issue of "Revue d'Information" from March 1966, published by GEPA, delves into the technical aspects of magnetic field detection, specifically in the context of UFO phenomena. It also serves as a catalog for books on ufology and related subjects available through SOBEPS.

Magnetic Field Detection Principles

The primary focus of the technical articles is the design and function of magnetic sensors. The issue explains how a magnetic core, subjected to an alternating current that causes periodic saturation, can be used to detect external magnetic fields. The core is described as a closed magnetic circuit, often made of mumetal, with two identical windings (M) designed to cancel out induced voltages in the absence of an external field. When an external field (Ho) is present, it creates an imbalance, generating a resultant voltage at the measurement terminals. This voltage is proportional to the external field.

First Variant: Parallel Field Detection

In the first described configuration, the external field (Ho) is parallel to the magnetic field generated by the alternating current. The text explains that the induced electromotive forces in the two windings are normally null due to their opposing nature. However, an external field disrupts this balance, inducing a voltage. The amplitude of this induced voltage is proportional to the second harmonic of the magnetic induction B(t), which in turn relates to the external field.

Second Variant: Orthogonal Field Detection

A second variant is presented where the field to be measured (Ho) is orthogonal to the alternating excitation field. This setup is described as more complex, with the resultant field H₁(t) varying in direction and magnitude. The article uses a diagram (Figure 5) to illustrate the hysteresis cycle under these conditions, showing how the magnetic induction B₁(t) traces a segment of a line. The change in amplitude of the B₁(t) component in the direction of Ho is denoted as ΔB.

Device Realization and Challenges

Figure 6 shows a schematic of a device designed to realize this orthogonal field measurement. The excitation current creates circular magnetic field lines within a cylindrical core. An external field, oriented along the core's axis, is orthogonal to these lines. The induced voltage in a coil wound around the core is proportional to the frequency of the excitation current. The article notes that while achieving good sensitivity is feasible, precision is a significant challenge. The accuracy depends on the material's permeability and shape, and the need for sophisticated experimentation and calibration is emphasized.

Demagnetization Factors and Field Propagation

The text further explores how an external magnetic field propagates within a material, particularly in relation to the sensor's core. It introduces the concept of demagnetization factors (nx, ny, nz) for ellipsoidal shapes, which influence the internal field's strength and direction relative to the external field. The article highlights that for elongated shapes like ellipsoids or long cylinders, the internal field tends to align with the longitudinal axis, explaining the design of ferrite antennas for radio reception. It is noted that a cylindrical core sensor may not provide a correct measurement of the longitudinal component of the external field, suggesting that a combination of three sensors oriented orthogonally might be necessary for accurate measurement of both magnitude and direction.

Measurement of Magnetic Perturbations

The section "Sur la mesure d'une perturbation magnétique" discusses the general difficulties in creating and using magnetic measurement devices. It points out that while sensitivity is achievable, precision is problematic due to the nature of magnetic fields and the requirements for sensors. Calibration is crucial, and the expected performance for the presented probes is not exceptionally high. The article suggests that if only relative measurements are needed, arbitrary reference scales can be used, simplifying calibration.

SOBEPS Book Catalog

The latter part of the magazine functions as a detailed catalog of books available for purchase from SOBEPS (Service Librairie de la SOBEPS). This catalog covers a wide array of topics related to ufology and unexplained phenomena:

• UFOs and Flying Saucers: Numerous titles are listed, including works on the history of UFOs, specific famous cases (like Adamski), new research, French and international investigations, and the phenomenon's relationship with religion and parapsychology.
• Extraterrestrials and Humanoids: Books discussing extraterrestrial encounters, humanoid sightings, and the possibility of alien life.
• Mysterious Disappearances: A book by Patrice Gaston is highlighted, focusing on mysterious disappearances of people.
• Visual Media: Comics and graphic novels related to UFOs are also featured.
• Scientific Perspectives: Works by prominent researchers like Dr. J. Allen Hynek and Donald E. Keyhoe are included, offering scientific and investigative perspectives on UFOs.
• International UFO Phenomena: Books covering UFO observations in the USSR and Eastern Bloc countries.
• Curious Phenomena: Charles Fort's collection of unexplained phenomena is listed, representing a historical compilation of mysteries.

Each book entry includes the title, author, publisher, a brief description, and the price in Belgian Francs (FB).

Advertisements

Several advertisements are included:

• A. RENIER: An expert real estate advisor offering property expertise and inventory services in Brussels.
• KADATH: A review that served as the basis for an anthology on lost civilizations, publishing 44 illustrated pages on archaeological enigmas five times a year. Subscription details for Belgium and abroad are provided.
• BRITT'S BOOKSHOP: A bookstore in Brussels offering English books on UFOs and other enigmatic subjects.
• VIKING (Pierre SLOTTE): A workshop and store for optical instruments, including telescopes, spotting scopes, microscopes, and repair services, located in Brussels.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue are the technical investigation of UFO phenomena through scientific instrumentation (magnetic detection) and the dissemination of knowledge through literature. The editorial stance appears to be one of serious inquiry into unexplained phenomena, presenting both technical details and a curated selection of relevant books. The emphasis on detailed explanations of detection principles and the comprehensive book catalog suggest a commitment to providing readers with in-depth information and resources for further study in ufology and related fields.