Galax - 1964 09 Vol 4 No 9

Magazine Overview

Title: Galax
Issue: Volume 4, Number 9
Date: September 1964
Publisher: Malmö Interplanetariska Sällskap (Malmö Interplanetary Society)
Country: Sweden
Language: Swedish

Content Summary

This issue of Galax, a member publication of the Malmö Interplanetariska Sällskap, features a diverse range of articles covering space exploration, physics, ancient history, and unusual phenomena.

US Space Program Adjustments

The lead article discusses significant changes in the US space program. The 'Nimbus' weather satellite series, initially planned for launch, has reportedly been postponed indefinitely or canceled. Similarly, while progress is being made on communication satellites, particularly for the Tokio Olympics, there are calls within the US for major cutbacks in the lunar rocket program, with some experts suggesting it's a waste of money.

'GRASER' - The Next Step After 'LASER'?

This section delves into a theoretical study published in the Russian journal 'Soviet Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics' by B. V. Chirkov. He proposes a new form of radiation, 'GRASER' (Gamma-Ray Amplification), which could supersede 'LASER' (Light Amplification) and 'MASER' (Microwave Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation). Gamma rays, a type of radioactive radiation, have a higher energy level than X-rays but lower than cosmic radiation. Chirkov's theory suggests that highly purified 'charged' gamma rays, similar to how laser crystals are charged with light, could emit coherent, pulsed gamma radiation. This technology could have peaceful applications in medicine and military uses, potentially leading to a 'death ray' or enhancing underwater communication and anti-submarine warfare.

What Did the Ancients Know?

Authored by Bramachari Bawa, this article explores the advanced scientific and technological knowledge of ancient Indian civilizations. It highlights their understanding of magnetism, electricity, and aeronautics ('Viwán Vidia' or 'Vimana Vidya'), suggesting they used 'himlavagnar' (sky chariots) for practical purposes, including warfare. The text details their knowledge of atmospheric layers, temperature, and currents, as well as their mastery of mechanics, chemistry, geology, and mineralogy. The 'Mayásabha' of Mayásur is described as a collection of ancient wonders, including microscopes, telescopes, clocks, and talking animals, all managed by a large crew. The article posits that ancient Indian kings engaged in extensive trade and travel, indicating proficiency in geography and navigation ('Navcagaman'). Their military strategy was highly disciplined, employing formations like circles and squares. A significant part of their knowledge, termed 'Ashtar Vidia', which involved neutralizing enemy armies through atmospheric manipulation, is now lost.

A Scientist Predicts Catastrophe for the Olympics

This alarming report features Dr. Hiroshi Kawasumi, a renowned scientist and head of the Earthquake Research Institute at the University of Tokio. He has presented a sensational prediction to the Japanese parliamentary disaster prevention committee, warning of a catastrophic earthquake during the Olympic year that could engulf Tokio in flames, potentially causing more devastation than the 1923 earthquake, which resulted in 142,000 deaths and 103,000 injuries. While Kawasumi is recognized as a credible expert, the article notes the ongoing challenge of accurately predicting earthquakes, with no one having yet succeeded in doing so reliably.

Report on an Unidentified Luminous Phenomenon

This section details a sighting that occurred on August 11, 1964, at 9:30 PM, observed from Malmö, Sweden, moving in a generally westward direction. The object was described as a diffuse sphere, about the size of a football, with an apparent brightness of orange (becoming lighter as it appeared to shrink). It maintained a stationary position at an altitude of approximately 30 degrees above the horizon for about five minutes before completely vanishing. The weather conditions were clear with no moon, and only a cloud bank at the horizon.

Mediterranean Sea Depth Record

Russian scientists have discovered a deep-sea trench in the Mediterranean Sea, reaching a maximum depth of 5,120 meters, a new record for the region. This underwater canyon, stretching 1,500 km and varying in width from 1.5 to 10 km, is located west of Pylos on the southwestern Peloponnese peninsula. The expedition, led by Professor J. Otjakovskij aboard the research vessel 'Akademiledamoten Sergej Vavilov', began in 1959 as part of the International Geophysical Year.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine consistently explores the intersection of cutting-edge science (space, physics) with historical mysteries and unexplained phenomena (ancient civilizations, UFOs, earthquakes). The editorial stance appears to be one of open inquiry, presenting scientific theories, historical accounts, and eyewitness reports without immediate dismissal, encouraging readers to consider possibilities beyond conventional understanding. The society's aim is to educate the public on these subjects.

This issue of "MELLAN HIMMEL OCH JORD" (Between Heaven and Earth), issue number 10, delves into various intriguing topics, ranging from archaeological discoveries and philosophical paradoxes to the cutting edge of scientific research in elementar particle physics. The cover headline, "Pyramidalt...", hints at archaeological findings, while the content spans from ancient civilizations to the subatomic world.

Archaeological and Historical Notes

The issue begins with a report on Russian archaeologists discovering burial chambers in Kazakhstan that resemble Egyptian pyramids. These tombs are described as being as high as six-story buildings and are estimated to be 2,500 years old.

Another section touches upon ancient practices related to altered states of consciousness. It notes that thanks to Carbon-14 dating, it has been determined that indigenous people in southeastern Mexico consumed specific mushroom species over 6,000 years ago to achieve 'super-clairvoyance,' seemingly to access a higher state of consciousness beyond normal awareness.

Philosophical and Scientific Paradoxes

The magazine presents a paradox described by Polish mathematicians Banach and Tarski. This paradox suggests that it is possible to take a sphere of normal dimensions, such as an apple or a tennis ball, cut it into pieces in a specific way, and then reassemble those pieces to form a sphere that is smaller than an atom or larger than the sun. This concept is presented as a challenge to common sense.

UFO and Extraterrestrial Encounters

Flygmarskalk Lord Downing is quoted expressing a belief in extraterrestrial beings working through flying saucers to aid Earth during its current crisis, stating that the evidence is overwhelming.

Additionally, a report mentions Dr. Antony Laughton from the Oceanographic Institute in London who sent a camera 4,500 meters into the sea off the coast of Ireland. Photographs reportedly show clear footprints belonging to an unknown creature.

Elementar Particle Physics: A Deep Dive

The bulk of the magazine is dedicated to an extensive exploration of elementar particle physics, authored by Yngve Freij. This section traces the history and development of the field:

Early Discoveries and Key Figures

The article begins by noting that while elementar particle physics has gained prominence in recent years, its roots go back to the turn of the century. Sir Joseph John Thomson is highlighted as a pioneer who determined the elementary electric charge and coined the term 'electrons' through his cathode ray experiments.

Lord Rutherford, in collaboration with Thomson and Niels Bohr, made significant advancements around 1911. Rutherford's experiments with alpha particles passing through thin metal foils led to the conclusion that the atom's positive charge is concentrated in a very small area, less than 10^-12 centimeters in diameter.

Bohr's famous theory for the hydrogen atom is mentioned, and the period between 1924-1927 is identified as a peak in the development of quantum mechanics.

The Dawn of Nuclear Physics and New Particles

After 1930, a new era began, leading into elementar particle physics. The first nuclear particle discovered in this new epoch was the neutron in 1932. This discovery clarified that the atomic nucleus is composed of neutrons and protons. Experiments with radioactive beta decay, where a neutron decays into an electron and a proton, indicated the existence of a neutral particle that carries away excess energy, which Enrico Fermi named the neutrino.

The Positron and Antiparticles

Between 1932-1933, the positron was discovered using a 'cloud chamber' (or 'Wilson chamber'). This device allowed visible tracks of particles to be observed in supersaturated, humid air. P. A. M. Dirac had predicted the existence of antiparticles in 1930-1931, theorizing that every particle has a charged-conjugate counterpart with the same mass but opposite sign. The positron, discovered by C. D. Anderson, is the antiparticle of the electron. The article also notes that the antiparticle of the neutrino is the antineutrino, and the antiparticle of the photon is the photon itself.

Mesons and 'Strange Particles'

In the mid-1930s, experiments revealed new types of charged particles in cosmic radiation, with charges between those of an electron and a proton. These were initially called 'mesotrons' and later renamed 'mesons'. Confusion arose due to varying mass measurements, but it was eventually understood that there were two types: pi-mesons and mu-mesons. Pi-mesons are linked to Yukawa's theory of nuclear forces, while mu-mesons were observed by Conversi, Pancini, and Piccioni and have a weaker interaction with atomic nuclei.

By 1947, the picture became more complex. The discovery of 'strange particles' (later identified as K-mesons) occurred, which are produced in collisions where energy exceeds one billion electron volts.

The Proliferation of Particles and Classification

Technological advancements, particularly the development of high-energy machines like the 'cosmotron' at Brookhaven National Laboratory (operational since 1953), enabled the production of many strange particles in the lab. By 1960, scientists had identified 32 different particles. The article states that by February of the publication year, this number had risen to over a hundred, indicating rapid progress.

These particles are now classified into three main families: baryons and antibaryons, leptons and antileptons, and bosons. The article provides a table detailing the particles known in 1960, including their electric charge, mass in MeV, and antiparticles.

Naming Conventions and Theoretical Frameworks

The article discusses the initial difficulties in naming particles, with some receiving multiple names and others being referred to by different names depending on their observed behavior. It notes that names like pi-meson and mu-meson are now often shortened to pion and muon, and K-meson to kaon.

Accelerators and Detection Methods

High-energy machines like the Van de Graaff accelerator, cyclotrons, betatrons, and cosmotrons are essential for accelerating particles to high energies. The article explains that longer 'racetracks' are needed for higher energies due to the increasing stiffness of a particle's path. The Brookhaven laboratory's machine has a racetrack measuring hundreds of meters in diameter and can accelerate particles to 30 billion electron volts.

Products of collisions are studied using various detectors, including ionization chambers, Geiger counters, scintillation counters, Cerenkov counters, cloud chambers, diffusion chambers, bubble chambers, and photographic emulsions.

Atomfysik - Metafysik

The magazine bridges the gap between physics and metaphysics, discussing how the understanding of matter has evolved from the indivisible atom concept of the early 20th century to nuclear physics in the 1930s, and then to elementar particle physics. It posits that elementar particles themselves may be composed of even simpler constituents, referred to as 'quarks' or 'ess, par, and triss' by some physicists.

The article quotes Madame Helena Petrovna Blavatsky from her work "The Secret Doctrine" (late 1880s) on the structure of the atom. Blavatsky, citing Buchner, argues against the materialist dogma of the atom's indivisibility, suggesting that atoms are elastic and divisible, ultimately dissolving matter into 'force centers' rather than objective substances.

The 'Eightfold Path' and Spiritual Evolution

In a section titled "KONTAKT MED FLYGANDE TEEAT" (Contact with Flying Saucers) and "KOMMUNICERINGSPROBLEMET MED YTTRE RYMDEN" (Communication Problems with Outer Space), Riley Crabb, BSRA-director, discusses the concept of an 'eightfold path' in relation to spiritual evolution and contact with extraterrestrial intelligence. He references Manly Hall's idea that a candidate for spiritual elevation must have a constructive mental attitude. Hall is quoted urging people to create better conditions rather than just complaining. The text touches upon a potential 'end-of-an-age mentality' and the signs of cultural decline, leading to pessimistic views about the future, including the threat of nuclear war.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The issue demonstrates a strong interest in the frontiers of science, particularly elementar particle physics, while also exploring historical mysteries, philosophical paradoxes, and the possibility of extraterrestrial contact. There's a recurring theme of pushing the boundaries of human understanding, from ancient civilizations to the subatomic realm and beyond. The editorial stance appears to be one of open inquiry, presenting complex scientific concepts alongside more speculative or metaphysical ideas, encouraging readers to consider diverse perspectives on reality.

This issue of MIS, Volume 1, Issue 2, dated November-December 1953, is published by Malmö Interplanetariska Sällskap in Sweden and is written in Swedish. The magazine focuses on UFO phenomena and alleged extraterrestrial contact, featuring historical accounts and contemporary reports.

Thematic Content

The 'End Times' Cult and UFOs

The issue begins by referencing a 'contact person' who became obsessed with an apocalyptic idea, predicting the sinking of Los Angeles on November 19, 1959. This prediction, like others, apparently failed, leading to accusations and counter-accusations within the 'Tefat-rörelsen' (Saucer Movement), which suffered another setback.

Revolution in Consciousness and Societal Change

The article posits that a revolution in human consciousness is occurring in America, independent of UFOs. This revolution involves a new dimension of awareness and a re-evaluation of humanity's relationship with the Earth and each other. This shift is seen as a precursor to the downfall of existing institutions, whose controllers are desperately trying to maintain their influence against the tide of social change.

The Role of Government and 'Silence Policy'

Constructive individuals are aware of these pressures for change and are preparing quietly. The founding of the United States government is described as having anticipated this growth factor in the universe, creating a political organization to accommodate the need for change. However, powerful forces within the nation are actively resisting these changes, particularly through a 'silence policy' that imposes a maximum security barrier on data concerning Flying Saucers. The author suggests that a planned release of information about saucers twelve years prior would have prepared the nation for a 'New Age,' but this opportunity was missed.

Barriers of Ignorance and Mistrust

Visitors from outer space have repeatedly attempted to break through human limitations in understanding, though with limited success. The article recounts a significant event in March 1897 when a 'spaceship' appeared over Sacramento, California, and made a leisurely cruise across the United States. It was seen over Kansas City, with its powerful headlights illuminating streets and houses. Thousands climbed rooftops to witness it. In mid-April, the craft moved to Chicago, where it was observed for over a week. A photograph was even taken of it over a Chicago railway station. An astronomer, asked to examine it with a telescope, dismissed it as a hoax or mass hallucination. The 'spaceship' concluded its tour on April 20, 1897, when it was seen over Sisterville, Virginia, flashing red, green, blue, and white lights. Its length was estimated at 180 feet (55 meters).

This event, along with numerous other public testimonies from Americans about the reality of space visitors within a two-month period, resulted in front-page headlines. However, the idea was so fantastic that it was quickly buried and forgotten, with no mention in history books.

Visitors' Foresight and Training

The author is convinced that the Visitors foresaw the discovery and development of nuclear energy, its use in devastating bombs, and the poisoning of the Earth's air, water, and soil with fission products. The reason for this, it is suggested, is that similar powerful electro-mechanical civilizations on other planets reached their peak and annihilated each other with their super-weapons. The author believes that in 1897, the Visitors already knew that humans would discover and develop atomic fission and were either undergoing training for these tasks or were already engaged in research.

The 1947 Maury Island Incident and Adamski's Accounts

Fifty years later, the situation had become critical due to atomic testing programs, forcing the Visitors to reveal themselves. The author interprets Kenneth Arnold's description of Harold Dahl's observation at Maury Island in June 1947 as an indication that the Visitors were not yet ready. However, they must have viewed humanity as open-minded and receptive. Many conditional ideas were first published as sensational stories and science fiction. George Adamski, for instance, received material of this nature in the mid-1940s and chose to publish it as science fiction. The author notes that Adamski's philosophy and worldview were later incorporated into his second book, 'On Board a Spaceship.' Personal experiences like these, without corroborating testimony, are difficult to assess, though Adamski maintains the experiences in his second book are real.

Defining Reality and Three-Dimensional Contact

The next step is to agree on a definition of reality. In 1950, three years after the Maury Island incident, Daniel Fry learned that the Visitors were preparing to alter their bodies for eventual landing and stay on Earth, a process estimated to take about four years. Visual observations peaked in July 1952.

Presidential Deception and Inversion Explanations

For the Visitors, this program revealed that humanity's mental capacity was no better than in 1897. After a flying saucer hovered over the White House for an entire night, President Truman seemed too willing to accept a U.S. Air Force captain's explanation that temperature inversions sometimes caused radar anomalies. A call to his own weather bureau informed the president that there were insufficient temperature differences to cause inversions that night. This account is also mentioned in Keyhoe's book, 'Flying Saucers - Observers from Outer Space.'

Borderland Sciences Research Associates and Rolf Telano's Reports

1952 was a significant year for the author's organization, Borderland Sciences Research Associates. They released data about Flying Saucers and program explanations from 'Ethereal Northerners' or 'Viknor' from Venus' regions. A member, an engineer using the pseudonym Rolf Telano, summarized information received through 'impressionism' over several years for their director, Meade Layne. This report, 'The Coming of the Guardians,' is presented as the only one attempting a detailed description of the Visitors' program for Earth. Telano described his method as entering a receptive state of mind before a typewriter in a dark room and writing down whatever came to his mind.

Air Force Intelligence and UFO Data

After receiving information about the size, shape, power source, and crew of reconnaissance ships operating in Earth's atmosphere, Telano visited an Air Force Technical Intelligence Officer at Wright Field in Ohio. Rolf described one or two UFOs to the officer, who was greatly surprised. The officer even checked a register for dimensions and other data collected by the Air Force's observation and contact programs. The officer could not understand how such highly secret material was known to the public. The author expresses hope that this information will not be controlled by the Air Force.

Venusians in Los Angeles (1953)

In early 1953, Venusians reportedly appeared on the streets of Los Angeles. The author speculates they might be the same group that contacted Daniel Fry in 1950, having perhaps adapted themselves to blend in. Alternatively, they could be a different, unrelated race from outer space. The author first heard about this from Meade Layne in Honolulu, who received a letter for publication from a Los Angeles member, John Cutler. This letter formed the main article in the organization's publication, 'Round Robin' (later renamed 'The Journal of Borderland Research'), for November-December 1953. The author has been the editor since June 1, 1959.

Morrison's Encounter with Venusians

The narrative shifts to a reporter named Jim Morrison, who, in May or June 1953, was in a government building in Los Angeles. He encountered two Venusians who looked remarkably alike, possibly twins. They were described as tall (over six feet), with a slightly bluish skin tone, very thin, with smooth, rounded hands lacking distinct finger joints. Their ears were slightly pointed but not noticeably so. The reporter initially dismissed their story but asked for proof. One Venusian made a scratch on Morrison's desk with his fingernail, a scratch that was three millimeters deep and could not be replicated by Morrison.

When asked if he wanted them to lift the desk and throw it out the window, Morrison declined. The Venusians stated they had landed their 'Flying Saucer' (referred to as 'dem') in a desert area near Barstow, California, and had hitchhiked to Los Angeles. They complained about the extreme heat in Los Angeles and the cold in winter, describing their living conditions as a 'steam cooker.' They claimed to have learned Swedish through our television and radio broadcasts. Morrison was told they came to study human minds and thought processes, which is why they wanted to travel. When asked why they didn't print counterfeit money, they replied they had no money to counterfeit. Morrison invited them back the next day, promising to help them.

Further Proof and Job Seeking

Morrison prepared a test for his friends. He took a piece of steel and asked a Venusian to make a mark on it. The Venusian's fingernail made a 5-10 mm deep gouge, which was impossible to make on steel with such a simple action. The 'space being' then asked Morrison if he could arrange a job for them somewhere. Morrison doubted he could but tried anyway, asking a friend in the investigation department if there were any openings.

The Venusian's Job and Disappearance

Morrison's friend, who was interviewed, made a good impression and believed Morrison's story, though he could not reveal much due to its classified nature. He shared surprising details about the Venusian, stating that he could find missing persons (for legal investigations) within two hours, a task that had taken the organization's best investigators two weeks. Questions arose about how the Venusian could do this and what peculiar powers he possessed. Due to this, Morrison and his friends believed the Venusian disappeared two weeks after starting his job. The entire investigation team, including a federal agency, had found no trace of him by the time of the interview. The metal plate was reportedly locked in the newspaper's safe. A recent analysis of the metal by a major chemical firm in Los Angeles indicated that it would require a pressure of 750 kg to create such a scratch, and that normal steel would not break under such pressure. The analysis of the mark indicated a composition of fifteen other elements not found in the rest of the metal.

John Astley-Cock's Encounter

Despite the shortcomings of Cutler's letter, Meade Layne decided to publish it because the rumors of Venusians in Los Angeles had reached him. Another member, John Astley-Cock, was involved in a similar affair in June 1953. John, then part of the Chicago Tribune's editorial staff, received a phone call from a man claiming to be from Venus and wanting to speak with him. John initially thought it was a prank call. He responded by asking if the caller meant the 'ethereal Venus,' and was surprised when the caller asked if he knew a lot about them. John replied he knew more about them than anyone else at the Tribune. The conversation continued, with the caller stating he was 185 cm tall and weighed 83 kg. He claimed to have landed in a smaller craft. John found it amusing to think of him fitting into a small spacecraft. It was nearly 5:00 PM, and John arranged to meet the caller at his office at 4:00 PM the following day. However, the caller never appeared, and John never heard from him again. The author questions whether it was a hoax or an 'ethereal being.'

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue are the persistent presence of UFOs and alleged extraterrestrial visitors throughout history, their potential connection to societal and technological advancements (like atomic energy), and the perceived obstruction of information by governmental or other powerful entities. The editorial stance appears to be one of open inquiry into these phenomena, presenting anecdotal evidence and personal testimonies as valid subjects for investigation, while also acknowledging the challenges of verification and the skepticism they often face. The magazine seems to advocate for a more open approach to understanding these events and their implications for humanity's future, hinting at a coming 'New Age' that could be facilitated by greater transparency.