Flying Snake - No 09

Magazine Overview

Title: Flying Snake
Subtitle: A Journal of Cryptozoology, Folklore and Forteana
Volume: 3
Issue: 9
Date: September 2015
Price: £3.99

This issue of Flying Snake presents a diverse collection of articles focusing on cryptozoology, folklore, and forteana, with a particular emphasis on unusual animal reports and historical curiosities. The cover highlights a variety of intriguing subjects, including a spotted mole, British flamingoes, New Philippines monitor lizards, hairy hominids in Spain, flying dragons of the Rhine, a spotted flying snake in Kansas, a New Zealand gorilla, a horse-shoe crab in a Chinese sewer, a huge rabbit, a giant London spider from 1798, a pied seal in Chester from 1766, and a Cheshire marten.

Contents and Key Articles

Dr Devo's Diary

This editorial column, written by the editor (implied to be Richard Muirhead), begins with a quote from Christopher Smart and apologizes for a recent absence, during which the author was allegedly hunting a giant blue and black wasp in Belgium (admitted to be a fabrication). The author mentions completing the 'Muirhead's Mysteries' book, with text and images now with Jon Downes of the Centre for Fortean Zoology. The author also discusses an upcoming talk at the CFZ's Weird Weekend on the Mystery Animals of Hong Kong, reflecting on the long history of Fortean zoology in the region, including reports of transparent mantis and the 'Luting Fish' resembling a dugong or mermaid. The diary also touches upon local fortean sightings in Macclesfield, specifically Alien Big Cat (ABC) incidents, questioning the environmental factors and documentation of these events.

An Anomalous Giant Rabbit in Kentucky in 1955

This article, authored by Jim Krupa and Richard Muirhead, is presented as a summary of correspondence between them and an American academic, Jim Krupa, in late 2014. The correspondence begins with a query from Krupa on December 23rd, 2014, referencing an Evening Star newspaper article from February 13th, 1955, about a giant cottontail rabbit found in Kentucky, measuring 12 inches high and weighing 10 pounds. Richard Muirhead responds, stating he has the rabbit in the vertebrate teaching collection and believes it to be a European hare (genus *Lepus*), not a cottontail, expressing fascination with its presence in eastern Kentucky. He requests a copy of the original newspaper article. Further correspondence explores the identification of the specimen. Carl Marshall provides his opinion, suggesting it is likely a swamp rabbit (*Sylvilagus aquaticus*) based on coloration, ear shape, and cranial morphology. He notes that swamp rabbits are the largest cottontails but typically weigh between 4.004 to 5.631 lbs and measure 17.8 to 21.7 inches. Marshall speculates that a mutation such as gigantism could explain the reported size, or it might be a hybrid with domestic stock. He concludes that it is certainly not of the genus *Lepus* but hesitates to commit further without examining the specimen. The article includes an image of the specimen and a map of Kentucky.

Does The Dark Continent Still Conceal Hitherto Undescribed Rhinoceros species?

Authored by Carl P. Marshall, this article explores the possibility of undiscovered pygmy rhinoceros species in Africa. It references the 1913 discovery of a live pygmy hippopotamus (*Choeropsis liberiensis*) by Hans Schomburgk in Liberia, which led zoologists to accept the potential for large, unknown animals in remote areas. Schomburgk also heard reports of a pygmy rhinoceros from the native Kru people, distinct from the forest hog (*Hylochoerus meinertzhageni*), but failed to obtain a specimen. The article quotes Professor E. L. Trouessart, who suggested the pygmy hippopotamus's presence in the Niger loop indicated an island origin, separated from the continent during the Eocene. Marshall applies this logic to the rhinoceros, proposing that insular dwarfism, a phenomenon where island populations evolve to be smaller, could explain the existence of a pygmy rhinoceros in a forested mountain habitat in Africa, similar to smaller rhinoceros species found on Java and Sumatra compared to mainland Asia.

Other Articles and Sections

• Seals Off the Coast of Vietnam and Hong Kong: A brief mention in the contents suggests an article on this topic.
• Unusually Marked Cobras: A brief mention in the contents.
• The Flying Serpent or Strange News out of Essex: A brief mention in the contents.
• A Possible Fortean Fox in the pages of Janet and Colin Bord: Authored by Richard George.
• A Battle between canon and a river monster in Iowa in 1885: A brief mention in the contents.
• Pretty Flamingo - Encounters with British Flamingoes: Authored by Richard George.
• Wild Men in the Pyrenees: Authored by Javier Resines.
• Two Epigrams in Greek About Marine Cryptids: Authored by Richard George.
• Australian Moas and a New Zealand Gorilla: Authored by Ulrich Magin.
• Horse Shoe Crab in a Chinese Sewer: A brief mention in the contents.
• Some Animal Curiosities from the early Nineteenth Century: Authored by Ulrich Magin.
• Notes and Queries: A section spanning pages 55-71.
• Letters: A section spanning pages 72-73.

About Flying Snake and Payment Information

Page 3 provides details on how to obtain the magazine, listing Richard Muirhead as the source and providing his address in Macclesfield, Cheshire, UK, along with a website URL and telephone number. Contact information for the Sub-Editor, Mike Hardcastle, and a correspondent, Zvi Ron Israel, is also provided, as is Carl P. Marshall's role as Zoological Consultant and W. Midlands correspondent. The magazine states that opinions of authors do not necessarily reflect those of the publisher, and blank authorship indicates material from collections or unknown sources. Subscription details are given: £3.99 per issue, £12 per annum, with full-color PDFs available via email. Payment methods include PayPal, checks, and postal orders within the UK. The front cover is described as featuring a spotted mole near London from the late 18th century, from 'The Naturalist's Pocket Magazine'.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue of Flying Snake are cryptozoology, folklore, and forteana, with a strong focus on anomalous animal reports, historical accounts of strange creatures, and the exploration of potential undiscovered species. The editorial stance appears to be one of open inquiry into these subjects, presenting various theories and evidence while acknowledging the speculative nature of much of the material. The magazine encourages reader participation through its 'Notes and Queries' and 'Letters' sections, fostering a community interested in the unexplained. There is a clear emphasis on historical research, with articles referencing old newspaper reports and scientific literature.

This issue, identified as Volume 289, Issue 20, appears to be a compilation of articles and historical accounts related to cryptozoology and unusual animal sightings. The primary focus includes potential undiscovered rhinoceros species in Africa and a historical account of a 'Flying Serpent' in England. The publication date is estimated to be around the 1970s, with the 'Flying Serpent' section dating back to the late 17th century.

The Liberian Pygmy Rhinoceros and African Rhinos The first section discusses the possibility of pygmy rhinoceroses in Africa, specifically questioning why they are not found south of the Niger and Senegal rivers, despite geological and behavioral similarities to elephants. It posits that diminutive, undiscovered populations might exist in mountainous forests, which are generally not conducive to fossil preservation. The article highlights the Sumatran rhinoceros (*Dicerorhinus sumatrensis*) as the least derived extant rhino, sharing traits with prehistoric species like the woolly rhinoceros (*Coelodonta antiquitatis*). The author expresses a personal intention to plan an expedition to Liberia to search for evidence of the 'Liberian Pygmy Rhinoceros,' noting that political instability and civil wars have hindered scientific research, leading to this creature being 'unjustly forgotten' and possibly extinct.

Blancou's Forest Rhinoceros This section details reports of rhinos in unexpected areas of Africa, contrasting with the known habitats of black and white rhinos. It recounts a report from Geraud de Galassus in 1931 to Lucien Blancou, then an official in the French colonial administration of eastern Cameroons, about rhinos in the forest of the Batouri subdivision. Initially, Blancou suspected remnant savannah populations, but his opinion changed when he became chief game inspector in French Equatorial Africa. Between 1949 and 1953, Blancou gathered further confirmation from other French officials regarding rhinos in the deep forests of the middle Congo river, in districts like Kelle, Ouesso, and Dongou. An engineer named Moiraud also heard similar accounts from Europeans in Epena. Blancou's conclusion notes that local Africans, particularly pygmies, described a forest animal larger than a buffalo but not a hippopotamus, which they feared greatly. Footprint sketches were consistent with a rhinoceros. Reports from around Ouesso mentioned a large animal with a horn, though its number of horns was uncertain. In Epena, Impfondo, and Dongou, a beast that sometimes disemboweled elephants was known, though less prevalent. A specimen was reportedly killed in Dongou around twenty years prior. The summary suggests that the 'Liberian Mountain Rhinoceros' is the most likely candidate for a new species, but its existence is threatened by civil wars and the bush meat trade. Blancou himself admitted the evidence for the 'Batouri Forest Rhino' was insufficient, but argued that other discoveries, like the okapi, also had limited initial evidence. He also proposed that the unusual behavior might be attributed to black rhinos occasionally venturing into thick forests.

Seals off the Coast of Vietnam and Hong Kong This part of the issue includes correspondence and discussion about seal sightings in unusual locations. A letter from Pat Morris, Research Coordinator at UC Natural Reserve, dated July 22, 2011, addresses an inquiry about seals. Morris states that seals do wander widely and can get lost, citing examples like a northern elephant seal in Japan and a hooded seal in San Diego. He mentions hooded seals in the Caribbean and a southern elephant seal near the Arabian Peninsula. He also notes the possibility of arctic seals from Russia or northern Japan ending up in Hong Kong or Vietnam. Morris also cautions that decomposed manatee or dugong carcasses can be mistaken for seals. A letter from Grant Abel, from Ocean Park employee, Zoological Operations and Education, dated August 1, 2011, responds to a similar inquiry. Abel expresses difficulty believing a 1914 HK Telegraph report about seals, suggesting the account might refer to finless porpoises (*Neophocaena phocaenoides*) or dugongs (*Dugong dugon*), which are known to inhabit those waters. He mentions that dugongs were historically present in estuary habitats near Hainan and Vietnam. He also notes the Chinese White Dolphin (*Sousa chinensis*). A subsequent letter from Grant Abel, dated December 14, 2011, provides an update. He confirms receiving images of a Spotted Seal (*Phoca largha*) caught by fishermen in Vietnam in August 2011, which was possibly young. Despite arrangements for its rehabilitation in Hong Kong, the animal reportedly died and was eaten. Abel notes that a colleague in Japan has also heard reports of seals in that area, raising the possibility of 'True Seals' being south of their usual range, which could explain the 1914 sighting in Hong Kong waters.

Unusually Marked Cobras This section briefly presents images of unusually marked cobras, with photos attributed to the J.D. Romer collection at the Zoological Society of London.

The Flying Serpent, OR Strange News out of ESSEX This is a reprint of a historical pamphlet from London, printed and sold by Peter Lillicrap. The title page describes 'A true Relation of a Monstrous Serpent which hath divers times been seen at a Parish called Henham on the Mount within four Miles of Saffron-Walden.' It promises to show the serpent's length, proportion, bigness, the place where it lurks, and the means used to kill it. It also includes a discourse on other serpents and particularly a 'Cockatrice killed at Saffron-Walden.' The truth of the relation is attested by several local officials, including a Church Warden, Constable, and 'Youtholders.' The style and content suggest a 17th-century publication, likely from the latter half of the century, given the mention of Saffron-Walden and the nature of such reports.

References The issue lists three references: * Horn, Alfred Aloysius (1927). *The Ivory Coast in the Earlies*. NY. Literary Guild of America. * Heuvelmans, B. (1958). *On the Track of Unknown Animals*. (2nd ed). Rupert Hart-Davis. UK. * Rookmaaker, L. C. (1983). *Bibliography of the Rhinoceros*. CRC Press.

Additionally, there are captions for images: Fig 1 shows a White Rhinoceros (*Ceratotherium simum*) photographed at Cumbria's South Lakes. Fig 2 shows a Pygmy Hippopotamus (*Choeropsis liberiensis* or *Hexaprotodon liberiensis*) at the same location. Fig 3 is an artwork titled 'The Pygmy Rhinoceros of Liberia' by Maureen Ashfield. The final image is of a Chinese Pink Dolphin, noted as 'Wikipedia Creative Commons.'

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance The recurring themes in this issue are the exploration of unknown or poorly documented animal species, the investigation of historical accounts of strange creatures, and the scientific inquiry into animal behavior and distribution. The editorial stance appears to be one of open-mindedness towards cryptozoological possibilities, while also grounding the discussion in scientific reporting, historical records, and expert correspondence. There is a clear interest in challenging conventional understanding of animal ranges and existence, particularly concerning relict populations and unusual sightings. The inclusion of both scientific references and historical pamphlets suggests an aim to bridge the gap between folklore and scientific investigation.

This issue of Fortean Times features several intriguing articles on unexplained phenomena, animal sightings, and historical mysteries. The primary focus includes a possible 'Fortean Fox' encounter, a sensationalized report of a river monster in Iowa, and numerous accounts of flamingo appearances in Britain.

A Possible Fortean Fox in the pages of Janet and Colin Bord by Richard George

This article by Richard George explores an unusual sighting from January 1978, where a couple driving near Minehead reported encountering a 'Fortean encounter of truly chilling proportions.' The creature is described as an 'Alsatian type' dog with 'long dirty white hair which stood up around it in spikes, as if frozen.' It appeared almost transparent, with 'red and glowing' eyes and a 'baleful look.' The author notes that the witness later met someone who said the sighting 'also presaged death,' a detail quoted from Janet and Colin Bord's 'Modern Mysteries Of Britain.'

The article also references Richard Muirhead's piece in 'Flying Snake 1.3,' which lists sightings of albino foxes in the West Country and reports of huge grey fox or wolf-like animals from Sussex. One witness, Doris Metcalf, described such an animal as looking like 'a large Alsatian dog.' The piece further mentions that artist Lucian Freud saw an unusually large fox in London, described as 'mixed with a bit of Alsatian' with 'grey bits on it.'

Zoologist Peter Macdonald is cited regarding white Red Foxes, which can resemble the white morph of the Arctic Fox and are sometimes called 'Samson foxes' due to their woolly appearance and lack of guard hairs. Their eyeshine can be blue or white, but reddish if viewed at an angle, which aligns with the witness's description of 'eyes red and glowing...staring at us sideways.' George concludes that the couple likely saw a 'doubly, perhaps triply unusual fox, outsized, albino, and possibly Samson,' and that the man's subsequent death later that year was a tragic coincidence. The author expresses admiration for Janet and Colin Bord's anthologies.

A battle between cannon and a river monster in Iowa in 1885

This section reprints a report from the Kansas City Star dated January 10, 1885, detailing a purported encounter with a 'Huge River Reptile or Animal Captured in the Skunk River Near Oskaloosa, IA.' The article describes widespread excitement in Iowa following Mr. James Wright's report of missing hogs from his farm near the Skunk River. Wright observed a 'gigantic animal or reptile' emerge from the river, described as 'large enough and hideous enough to appal the strongest man.'

The creature reportedly approached Wright's hog lot, seized a hog weighing at least 300 pounds, and disappeared into the river. The animal's estimated length was 78 feet, with various body part measurements provided. The report states that the animal then attacked and dragged a horse and rider, Wm. Smith, into the river, though Smith was saved by John Aikin. Despite numerous shots fired by hundreds of people, the animal seemed unharmed. The situation escalated with the arrival of a 12-pound cannon, commanded by Capt. Wilber, which was loaded with railroad spikes. The cannon blast struck the creature, causing it to wail and bleed. It was then hauled ashore, and measurements were taken: an 81-foot length, with a 40-foot body between fore and hind legs, and a 20-foot tail. Its heart weighed 80 pounds. Dr. Huntsman pronounced it an 'air breathing animal' and not a reptile, with lungs and organs similar to animals. The specimen was skinned and sent to the Academy of Natural Science in Philadelphia. Dr. Peck of Davenport examined it and suggested it might belong to an extinct species of gigantic lizard.

Pretty Flamingo - Encounters with British Flamingoes

This article, compiled by Bob Skinner and the author, documents various sightings of flamingos in Britain. Reports include:

• September 25, 1909: A flamingo was shot on the mud flats between the rivers Crouch and Blackwater in Bradwell, Essex, noted as the first instance in Essex, though one was seen in 1873.
• May 13, 1910: A flamingo was sighted overhead near Tollesbury and Bradwell in Essex.
• August 15, 1930: A flamingo was seen on the mud-flats at the mouth of the River Colne in East Mersea.
• September 5, 1930: Further information on the 1930 sighting suggested it might be an escape from a bird kept at Lowestoft by Mr. M.L. Powell. Ornithologist W.E. Glegg stated that such sightings were likely escapes.
• May 23, 1934: A report from The Yorkshire Post and Leeds Intelligencer discusses a 'GIANT BIRD' possibly being a flamingo seen at Bridlington, noting its size and red wings.
• 2002: A flamingo was reported from Astley Moss, Greater Manchester.
• 2011: A pink flamingo, nicknamed Ringo, caused a significant disruption at Manchester Airport, closing a runway for nearly five hours as staff attempted to capture it. The bird's origins remained a mystery.

The article notes that flamingos find their favorite food on Essex coast flats and have been seen feeding near Tollesbury in May 1910, off Bridgemarsh Island in September 1913, and on the Essex coast in 1873. The flamingo is described as a tall bird with gorgeous plumage.

WILD MEN IN THE PYRENEES By Javier Resines

This article by Javier Resines discusses the possibility of 'wild men' existing on Earth, questioning Darwin's laws of evolution. It mentions testimonies of new hominids and evidence such as tracks and photographs, often originating from the Himalayas, North America, or Siberia, relating to creatures like Bigfoot.

The author posits that such beings might also inhabit Spain, specifically in a strip from the Basque Country to the Catalan coast, through the Pyrenees. This region, with its quaternary glaciers, unexplored forests, perpetual snows, and underground galleries, is suggested as a suitable habitat for isolated communities of beings who have 'fallen away from the main trend of evolution.' The article specifically mentions the 'Basajaun,' known as the 'gentleman of the forest,' in the Basque Country (Counties of Vasco and Navarre).

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

This issue of Fortean Times consistently explores phenomena that challenge conventional explanations, ranging from anomalous animal sightings (Fortean Fox, river monster, flamingos) to the possibility of undiscovered hominids. The magazine appears to present these accounts with a degree of open-mindedness, detailing witness testimonies and historical reports, while also offering potential scientific or naturalistic explanations where available (e.g., Samson foxes, escaped flamingos). The editorial stance seems to be one of investigation and curiosity into the unexplained, without necessarily endorsing every claim as fact, but rather presenting the evidence and context for readers to consider.

This issue of UFO Universe, Volume 3, Issue 13, dated July 1994, with a cover price of $4.95, focuses on the phenomenon of 'wild men' and cryptids, particularly in the Pyrenees region. The cover headline highlights 'THE YETI OF IRUN', and the main illustration depicts a hairy, ape-like man and woman.

The Basajaun: A Wild Man of Basque Folklore

The article begins by describing the Basajaun, a figure from Basque folklore. It is depicted as a man or a species of gigantic simian, hairy, agile, with great physical force, and sometimes possessing feet resembling hooves. Contrary to being dangerous, it is described as having an amiable character. Legends attribute to the Basajaun the role of guarding cattle, signaling peace to them. Furthermore, Basque folklore credits this being with transmitting secrets of agriculture, iron work, and the construction of utensils like mills. It is also believed to possess powers to control natural forces, suggesting a supernatural aspect.

The text then poses the question of whether the Basajaun could be a real creature or merely an invented figure to explain the origin of man-made things. The detailed description and similarity to ancient human ancestors have led some to consider the possibility of heterodox wild men with a basis in reality. The article suggests that the Basajaun could be a memory of Neanderthals who lived in the Basque Country and coexisted with Homo sapiens for approximately 10,000 years. It is posited that the inhabitants of the Cantabrian cornice might have encountered this race, viewing them as superior in physical strength and abilities, as supported by archaeological findings.

The disappearance of Neanderthals around thirty to forty thousand years ago, coinciding with the arrival of Homo sapiens from Africa, is noted. The peninsular North zone and the Pyrenees are identified as one of the last redoubts of Neanderthals. The article raises the question of whether the origin of the Basajaun legend lies in the cultural exchange between Neanderthals and Homo sapiens, and controversially, whether some Neanderthal groups might have survived until more recent times.

Historical Sightings and Investigations

The first half of the 20th century yielded testimonies of encounters with this hominid. In 1920, Basque anthropologist Jose Miguel reported the presence of Basajaun near Azkoaga in Guipúzcoa. Years later, anthropologist Jose Maria Satrústegui documented several cases in his book 'Myths and Beliefs', including accounts from shepherds of Valcar and Ondarrola who claimed to have seen it. An old agriculturist also reported these beings visiting his village in Aitzurre. Other testimonies confirmed sightings of a young member of this species near the cave of Mailuxe, noted for its blond hair.

More recently, in April 2011, two hikers in the Arkitutza area saw something that initially resembled a dog, person, monkey, or bear. However, witnesses described a hairy man wearing 'a kind of fur poncho', moving at incredible speed uphill and emitting loud whistles. These sounds seemed to be answered from nearby hills. The being, known as the Yeti of Irun, disappeared without a trace.

The Western Pyrenees: Expeditions and Encounters

The search for the wild man extends to the Aragonese and Navarran Pyrenees. A notable case occurred on May 4, 1993, near Peña Montañesa in Huesca. A group of six woodcutters encountered a strange creature, approximately 1.70 meters high, with a friendly attitude. One of the workers, Manuel Cazcarra, described hearing screams and seeing the 'wild man' perched in a pine tree, clinging with its hands and feet. The creature was about 90 meters away and descended to hide behind a bush. The woodcutters had to avoid a log thrown violently by the creature. Following this encounter, the witness reported strange signs, including a broken window in their Land Rover and a half-destroyed caterpillar truck.

Days later, the Civil Guard found strange footprints resembling a small bare foot with only four fingers, though the official explanation attributed them to a bear.

In late spring 1994, in the same area, Juan Ramon Ferrer reported seeing a small ape-man with long arms, emitting a strong odor, also perched on a tree.

These cases inspired a group of French explorers, led by Florence and Philippe Barrère and Jean Luc Coudray, to search for evidence of wild men in the Franco-Aragonese Pyrenees. Between August 2007 and October 2009, they conducted several incursions in the areas of Bielsa, Huesca, and the Irati forest.

Irati, a large beech forest covering 20,000 hectares between France and Spain, has a history of cryptozoology dating back to 1774, when engineer David Leroy learned of a tall, hairy, bear-like being of cheerful character. In August 2007, Florence Barrere and companions heard a powerful, half-human cry in Irati, similar to sounds attributed to Bigfoot. Subsequent searches led to the discovery of a cave entrance in Uthurkokotcha in July 2008, considered an ideal habitat for wild men due to its isolation and underground galleries.

The Coudray brothers visited Bielsa twice, in 2008 and 2009, and found bizarre constructions made of tree branches along the road between Bielsa and Espierba, resembling crosses with braids, similar to those attributed to Bigfoot and Almas in North America and Siberia. The following year, new, star-shaped constructions were found.

Footprints discovered around Espierba were described as belonging to a bipedal animal with a great stride and considerable stature, raising questions about an unknown hominid or a prank.

Catalonia: Simiots and New Nonells

Catalan geography is seen as conducive to legends of wild men. The region has legends of 'simiots nonells', a local version of Bigfoot. In Arles-sur-le-Tec, France, stories of these beings date back to the 10th century. The creature is described as a monkey-like hybrid between ape and man, with horns, hooves or clawed feet, very hairy, and unpleasant. These beings reportedly appeared in the Roussillon and Tec valleys around the year 1000, attacking the local population during times of drought and hail, with hundreds of farmers and children kidnapped and eaten.

Arnulfo, the abbot of Arles, sought help from Pope John XII, returning with relics to fight the beasts. Arles still commemorates the presence of simiots with a street named in their honor. Carvings of two beings devouring children can be seen at the church of Santa Maria, founded in 778. A 16th-century painting in the church also depicts a bipedal being taken for a Simiot.

Graphic evidence of these ape-men also exists in churches in Saint-Sauveur d'Arles, Saint-André, and Sant-Pere d'Albanya. Writer Jesus Callejo, in his book 'The Owners of Dreams' (1998), notes that folklorist and anthropologist Joan Amades found memories of these beings among the French peasantry of Catalonia as late as the late 1950s. Despite physical evidence, researcher Josep M. Armengou favors a legendary explanation, suggesting the simiot might be a modern interpretation of older myths like 'man moss' and 'man bark'.

The issue concludes by mentioning the 'Nonell', the Abominable Snowman of Ripollés and Cerdanya.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue are folklore, cryptozoology, and the potential existence of unknown hominids or 'wild men'. The magazine presents various accounts, from ancient legends to modern sightings, in the Pyrenees and Catalonia. The editorial stance appears to be one of open inquiry, presenting evidence and theories without definitively concluding whether these phenomena are real or mythical, acknowledging that 'reality surpasses fiction' and that 'there are opinions for all tastes'. The exploration of Basajaun's potential link to Neanderthals and the detailed accounts of encounters in the Pyrenees suggest a leaning towards investigating the possibility of these beings being more than just folklore.

This issue of Fortean Times explores various unexplained phenomena and cryptid reports from different historical periods and geographical locations.

Reports on Unknown Hominids

The Satyr of Barcelona (1760) The issue details the capture and exhibition of a creature known as the 'satyr Barcelona' in 1760. References from Russian and French newspapers describe it as a foreign species with a satyr-like appearance, brown complexion, tiger-like ears, and a size of 1.60 meters, living on bread and milk. The description suggests it might have been an elderly wild man.

Catalan Hominid Sightings Several recent encounters with strange hominids are recounted. On February 26, 1968, children in Vilobí d'Onyar, Catalonia, reported seeing an ape-like species, which was later corroborated by other witnesses. The American writer John A. Keel documented this in his book 'Strange Creatures from Time and Space.' Further reports include a creature seen near Hostalrich, described as having a large, furry body and long arms, leaving large footprints.

Simian Beings and Yeti Sightings In the 1990s, speleologists reported encountering a simian-looking being in the ruins of a church at Coll de Girona Vallgrassa. A 1994 article in 'Year Zero' magazine covered this incident. More recently, in April 1999, a humanoid being dubbed the 'yeti Las Gavarres' appeared in the Girona province, linked to livestock deaths. Investigator Miguel G. Aracil suggested a possible connection to chupacabras.

The Neanderthal Hypothesis

Coexistence with Modern Man The issue explores the 'Neanderthal hypothesis,' which posits that Neanderthals might not have gone extinct but adapted to survive in isolated habitats, potentially coexisting with modern humans. It is noted that Homo neanderthalensis inhabited Europe, Asia, and North Africa until about 35,000 years ago.

Survival in Remote Areas The orographic conditions of mountainous areas in Spain are suggested as having potentially allowed for the survival of animals that disappeared elsewhere in Europe. The existence of small Neanderthal strongholds is presented as a potentially exciting discovery.

'Homo Orcus' Documentary The premise of a large hominid surviving to the present day is the basis for the French fake documentary 'Homo Orcus, a second humanity' (2011), which explores alleged encounters with a different humanity inhabiting the Pyrenees and other European wooded areas. The article notes that while the film is fictional, it prompts reflection on how new potential species with human-like traits should be treated.

Marine Cryptids in Ancient Greek Epigrams

Callimachus and Bolus The article by Richard George examines ancient Greek texts related to cryptozoology, mentioning poets like Callimachus and Bolus who wrote about 'paradoxa' or 'thaumasia' (wonders).

Epigrams from the Palatine Anthology Several epigrams from the Palatine Anthology are presented. These include accounts of fishermen choked by catches, decapitations by ice, and a man's death while collecting honeycomb. Two epigrams are highlighted concerning marine creatures.

Theodoridas's Epigram The first epigram, by Theodoridas (3rd century B.C.), describes a 'thousand-footed scolopendra' washed ashore in Iapygia, Southern Italy, alongside ships. The monster's description is noted as potentially mythical, an artifact of decomposition, or a creature unknown to science.

Antipater's Epigram The second epigram, by Antipater, recounts a fisherman finding the remains of a 'wandering scolopendra' on the sand, described as being 30-50 feet long. The term 'scolopendra' is noted to have also been used for centipedes and, in 17th-century vernacular, for a type of prostitute.

Australian Moas and New Zealand Cryptids

The Moa of Victoria, Australia (1864) An account from 1864 details the discovery of a large bird skull in the Gripps Land Ranges, Australia, believed to be from a 'moa-moa' (Dinornis) of New Zealand. The skull, measuring sixteen inches long, was thought to be from a bird that died no more than three years prior.

Dromornis and Moa Evidence Australia had its own giant flightless bird, the mihirung or Dromornis, similar to the moa. While Dromornis died out millions of years ago, there is claimed evidence of coexistence with humans, such as petroglyphs in South Australia.

Moa in New Guinea? Rev. G. Smales discusses the possibility of moas existing in New Guinea, refuting the idea that they were merely Maori myths. He notes that numerous moa species have been excavated in New Zealand and mentions some sightings.

The New Zealand Bigfoot (1870) The issue recounts the confusing story of a 'Maori gorilla' reported in New Zealand in 1870. Initial newspaper reports described an extraordinary animal captured at Porter's Creek, with tusks and a pig-like grunt. Later reports suggested it was a seal, a walrus, or an old Maori woman aged 175, casting doubt on the 'missing link' discovery.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance The magazine consistently explores reports of unexplained phenomena, focusing on cryptids, unknown hominids, and historical mysteries. The editorial stance appears to be one of presenting these accounts and historical records for the reader's consideration, often with a critical or analytical approach, questioning the nature of the evidence and offering potential explanations while acknowledging the enduring fascination with the unknown. The issue highlights the intersection of folklore, scientific investigation, and sensational reporting in the study of these phenomena.

Title: UFO REVIEW
Issue: 199
Volume: XXVI
Date: August 2016
Publisher: Flying Saucer Review
Country: United Kingdom
Price: £4.00
ISSN: 0015-4803

This issue of UFO Review, dated August 2016, presents a collection of intriguing and often bizarre accounts related to unusual animal sightings and phenomena. The cover story, "HORSE-SHOE CRAB IN A CHINESE SEWER," highlights a strange discovery in Xingsha, China, where a horseshoe crab was found in a sewer system. The article, translated from a Chinese language website, describes the creature as being about 30 cm long and 25 cm wide, with a shell divided into two, lobster-like claws, and a long tail. Residents were surprised by the find, and its presence in a sewer led to speculation about its origin.

Articles and Features

Horse-Shoe Crab in a Chinese Sewer

The main article details the discovery of a horseshoe crab in a sewer in Xingsha, China. The reporter observed the creature, noting its size (30 cm long, 25 cm wide) and weight (about 1 kg). According to a local cleaner, the crab was found during morning sewer cleaning. The find caused a stir among residents, with some speculating it was a marine life form, though no seafood restaurants were nearby. The article explains that horseshoe crabs, also known as 'hòu', are arthropods and are considered 'living fossils' as they have retained their ancient appearance for 400 million years. It also mentions that their meat is edible and their blue blood is used in medical and food industries for its solidification properties.

Some Animal Curiosities From The Early 19th Century

Authored by Ulrich Magin, this section compiles unusual animal events recorded in an Austrian Almanac from the early 19th century. These include:

• 1816: A living salamander and a living toad found in solid rock, 10 ft below ground in a garden in Westminster.
• 1824: Lake Murten in Switzerland appeared completely red due to Oscillatoria rubens. An Orang-Outang from Sumatra was described as 7 ft tall.
• 1825: Enormous swarms of four-spotted chasers (Libellula quadrimaculata) were observed across Germany. The Horticultural Society of London received a new species of honey bee from New Holland. Mr. Lyon of Bristol imported 17 living zebras.
• 1826: The great sea-serpent was sighted again at Georges Bank.
• 1827: Masses of herring spawn rained down at Montrose, apparently transported by a water spout. A whale, 95 ft long, was stranded near Oostende.
• 1828: Rains of herring (young offspring) occurred in Rossshire, Scotland. The Natural History Society of Altenburg received a 'rat king' of 25 rats found in a walled-up chimney in Eisenberg.

The article further discusses Abel's report of an Orang-Utan, suggesting it might be related to Gigantopithecus, with reported heights between six and eight feet.

Notes & Queries

This section contains several short, curious reports:

• A Chinese Turtle Falls From The Sky...And Life Goes On As Normal: Fu Yiting, aged 63, witnessed a Yellow-bellied slider turtle fall from the sky during a hailstorm in Shandong Province, China. He expressed confusion, having only heard of frogs falling during storms. A theory suggests a waterspout may have carried the turtle aloft.
• A Wonder At Walthamstow: An account from 'Punch' magazine, dated August 2, 1856, describes an experiment on public curiosity involving a letter sent to 'The Times' by a wag named W.CLAYTON. This led to excitement over a quacking sound heard from a pond in Walthamstow, which turned out to be a duck-billed platypus found in the pond, believed to have escaped from a menagerie.
• Strange Lizard Found in Rocks in Virginia: Reported in the Philadelphia Inquirer on November 3rd, 1913, a four-foot-long lizard, possibly an iguana, was unearthed by a blast at old cement mill kilns in Cumberland, Virginia. The reptile, described as green-yellow with brown mottling, died from the blast effects. Raymond Armbruster and Edward Harrison identified it as a Cree lizard.

New Philippines Monitor Lizards

This brief report from BBC Wildlife Magazine (April 2015) discusses two species of monitor lizard discovered in the Philippines: *Varanus dalubhasa* and *Varanus bangonorum*. Both species reach about 1m in length. *V. dalubhasa* is found on Luzon Island, with its specific name honouring a Filipino herpetologist, and 'dalubhasa' meaning 'skilled expert' in Tagalog. *V. bangonorum* is found on Mindoro Island.

Ropen Near Pillaga Australia

This entry, credited to Mike Hardcastle, recounts an observation of a huge, dinosaur-looking bird with a wingspan similar to a small truck, seen flying near Pillaga, Australia. The observer, Paul, wanted to shoot it, but his friend hesitated. Paul then intended to photograph it, but the bird flew off.

Curator Fails to Find Glider Snake

This article from June 18th, 1930, details Paxon Hayes, a reptile curator, searching for the mythical flying snakes of the Yaquis in the Sonora jungle. His search was cut short by an accident where he was encircled by a 13-foot water boa, which broke two of his ribs before being killed. Hayes remains convinced the flying reptile exists and plans to return.

Flying Snake in Kansas 1875

An account from the Elkhart Daily Review, July 14th, 1875, describes a serpent seen flying about 4 feet above the ground. Two boys, Remington and Jenkins, captured it. The serpent was over 1 foot long, spotted, and had wings about the size of a man's hand. It was preserved in alcohol.

Pine Marten in Cheshire in 1978

A man named 'B' reported seeing a pine marten poking its head out of a rabbit hole in Cheshire in 1978.

Twelve Wallabies in Cheshire

The same informant mentioned that a dozen wallabies existed at a secret location in Cheshire in June 2015.

Two Creatures of the Rhine

This section, contributed by Ulrich Magin, references Konrad Gesner's work on dragons seen flying in Germany. It also mentions exotic fauna of the Rhine, including crocodiles, catfish, seals, and beluga whales, and notes a giant salmon weighing 330 lbs caught by Rhine fishermen.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue revolve around unexplained phenomena, particularly unusual animal sightings and alleged cryptids. The magazine presents a wide array of anecdotal evidence, historical accounts, and contemporary reports, ranging from the mundane (a horseshoe crab in a sewer) to the extraordinary (sea serpents, flying snakes, and giant birds). The editorial stance appears to be one of open-mindedness and curiosity towards these reports, presenting them without overt skepticism but also without definitive endorsement, often relying on the accounts of observers and historical records. The inclusion of translated foreign reports and historical curiosities suggests a broad scope in exploring the unexplained across different times and cultures.

This document appears to be a collection of excerpts and discussions related to unusual animal sightings and historical accounts of cryptids, drawn from various sources including The Naturalist's Pocket Magazine (volumes 2, 4, and 5, published around 1799-1800), and more recent online conversations and publications. The content spans a wide range of topics, from seals and exotic cats to legendary sea monsters and unexplained aerial phenomena.

Content Breakdown

Seals and Aquatic Cryptids

The issue begins with a discussion originating from a Facebook conversation regarding a 'Pied seal' with a white neck, referencing an image from The Naturalist's Pocket Magazine, Volume 2 (1799). The seal was reportedly taken near Chester in May 1766. Richard Muirhead and Dale Drinnon engage in a brief exchange, with Muirhead correcting the date to 1766 and Drinnon asserting that such seals are known species and not cryptids. Drinnon later revises his initial thought that the illustration might be a ringed seal, suggesting it could be an oddly colored grey seal.

The Japan Cat

An excerpt from The Naturalist's Pocket Magazine, Volume 4 (1800), describes the 'Japan Cat'. This animal is noted as being little known to naturalists, not mentioned in the works of Buffon or Linnaeus. It is identified as the 'Chat Sauvage Indien' or Indian Wild Cat of Vosmaer, and Pennant's 'Japan Cat'. The description notes it is about the size of a common domestic cat, with upright pointed ears. Its coloration is detailed: whiteish face and lower neck, clear grey breast and lower belly, and a body generally part yellow and clear grey with black transverse rays.

Flying Snake in Scotland

An article titled 'A Flying Snake in Scotland' references 'The Highland Notebook or Sketches and Anecdotes 1843' by Robert Carruthers. Carruthers remarks on page 165 about a supernatural event in the moss of Inshoch, where a fire broke out simultaneously with a strange serpent seen flying in the air, resembling a cauldron.

Monstrous Fish and Sea Creatures

Several historical accounts of large and unusual aquatic creatures are presented:

• Monstrous Fish of Thanet (1574): From Gentleman's Magazine, 'History of the Isle of Thanet' (Lewis, 1772), this details a monstrous fish that came ashore near Broadstairs on July 9, 1574. It was 22 yards long, with a jaw 12 feet wide, an eye large enough to be drawn by six horses, and a thickness of 14 feet. Three men could stand in its mouth, and its ribs were 16 feet long.
• Strange Kind of Fish (1767): From Gentleman's Magazine (1767), a fish found in mackerel nets off Folkstone on June 24, 1767, measured about 13 feet long, with fore fins two feet long, a body resembling a porpoise, and a broad, thin tail six feet long. The fishermen had never seen such a creature before, with a suggestion it might have been a Thresher Shark.
• Horse Shaped Sea Creature (1801): An account from The Times (May 8, 1801), via the Hamburgh Gazette, describes an amphibious, horse-shaped animal nearly 9 feet high, with a long tail and sharp fins, that came ashore near Ostend. It reportedly ravaged plains, devoured 20 sheep, and then returned to the sea, later being taken in a net.
• Flying Sea Serpent (1911): An account from Aberdeen American (August 27, 1911) reports passengers and crew of the steamship Celtic seeing a formidable-looking creature with wings, moving at high speed in pursuit of whales. It rose frequently ten feet or more from the water.
• Horse Headed Sea Monster of 1763: An illustration labeled 'Representation of a Sea Horse' from Lancashire Magazine (May 31, 1763) is presented. JayBizarreZoo Cooney is mentioned in relation to 'Cadbosaurus' as a 'Merhorse', and Scott Mardis posted illustrations of the Lough Nahooin 'Horse Eel' of 1968. The question is posed whether 'horse-headed' sea serpents could be primitive cetaceans.
• Shark in an Australian River (1951): The Oregonian (May 7, 1951) reports on a salt-water shark found 300 miles inland in a freshwater stream in Darwin, Australia, baffling local experts.

Giant Condor

An article from the Boston Traveller (April 23, 1830) describes an 'EXTRAORDINARY CONDOR'. The author recounts shooting a condor in the southern hemisphere that was so large it could seize an ox with its talons and lift it into the air. The wingspan is described as sixteen paces (forty feet), with feathers eight paces (twenty feet) long, and the quill part two palms (eight paces) in circumference. It was said to have the power to carry off five rhinoceroses.

Mystery Cats in Macclesfield

This section details reports of large cats in Macclesfield, UK:

• 2004 Case: A co-worker's partner described seeing a large, grey, cat-like creature with pointy ears crossing a footpath, which stared intently before slinking into the undergrowth. It was deemed not a domestic cat, possibly a lynx.
• 2015 Case: The Macclesfield Express (May 26, 2015) reported Grandmother Sheila Foster seeing a 'brown-grey big cat the size of a large dog with a long tail with a kink' on a wall across the road.
• 2014 Case: From the Beastwatch UK Facebook group (December 13, 2014), a reliable person reported their car hitting a 3 1/2 - 4ft long black cat with a silver sheen in the hills above Bollington, Cheshire, noting it was different from a feral moggy. A similar cat was seen stalking near Pwhellehi, Wales.

The Tragedy of the Loch Ness Monster

This lengthy section details the controversy surrounding Dr. Denys Tucker, a zoologist and authority on eels, who claimed in 1959 to have found the Loch Ness Monster. The article, referencing 'The Independent' (April 17, 2015), outlines how Tucker was sacked from the Natural History Museum, where he had been chief scientist. His claim led to significant concern among senior officials, who feared that if he won his wrongful dismissal case, the government would be unable to fire civil servants. Tucker believed he was the victim of a conspiracy. He wrote to 'New Scientist' on March 22, 1959, asserting he saw a large hump in Loch Ness belonging to an unnamed animal, possibly an Elasmosaurus. His enthusiasm for cryptozoology was seen as a concern by the museum, leading to his dismissal on July 31, 1960, for 'long, continued, vexatious, insubordinate and generally offensive conduct'. Tucker pursued a seven-year legal case against the museum trustees, including Archbishop Lord Fisher, for damages and wrongful dismissal, but lost. Oliver Crimmen, NHM's curator of fish, met Tucker before his death and noted his belief in a conspiracy and his continued conviction that the Loch Ness Monster was a 'concrete material problem'. The section also touches on Tucker's earlier, later admitted, erroneous theory about European eels.

Large Spider in London (1798)

An entry from The Naturalist's Pocket Magazine (1800), Volume 5, describes a 'strange large giant spider' found in the kitchen of Mr Morley's House at 91 Drury Lane, London, on August 29, 1798. The spider, called the 'Great Long Legged Spider', was 5 1/2 inches from point to point, 5/8 inch long, and 2/8 broad, and was considered unknown in England prior to this.

Weird Weekend North 2016

A promotional notice for 'WEIRD WEEKEND NORTH 2016', an event organized by Glen Vaudrey, to be held on April 2-3, 2016. Contact information and a venue website are provided.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this collection of articles are the exploration of the unknown, the investigation of anomalous phenomena, and the historical documentation of creatures and events that defy conventional scientific explanation. The editorial stance appears to be one of presenting these accounts, often with a degree of skepticism or historical context, but without outright dismissal. There is an emphasis on historical records from publications like The Naturalist's Pocket Magazine, alongside contemporary eyewitness reports. The Loch Ness Monster section, in particular, highlights the complexities of scientific inquiry, institutional politics, and personal conviction when dealing with controversial subjects. The inclusion of events like 'Weird Weekend North' suggests an ongoing interest in the 'weird' and unexplained.

Title: Flying Snake
Issue: 7
Date: November 12th 2014

This issue of Flying Snake delves into a variety of unusual reports, folklore, and observations, covering strange creatures, animal behavior, and unexplained phenomena.

Reports on Unusual Creatures

A Waco Snake

The issue begins with a report from the Waco Telephone, dated yesterday afternoon, about a genuine curiosity brought to their attention: a snake with legs. This small snake, not more than sixteen inches long, was described as a "thunder snake" with alternating black and red splotches. It possessed two legs, each about two inches long, which the boys who killed it claimed it used to pull itself along rapidly. The legs were positioned opposite each other on its body, about four inches from its head, and each leg had four toes or "feelers."

Snake with Legs and Feet Found in Africa

An article from The Sacramento Bee, dated July 20th, 1950, reports on a snake with four legs, feet, and joints that was allegedly killed by the district commissioner in Kalabo, a remote area in the North Rhodesian bush. The report notes that many strange tales of unusual snakes have emerged from this district, including reports of "whistling snakes" and snakes that natives claimed could sing.

'Whatsit' Has Everybody Guessing

A photograph and accompanying text describe a strange animal at the Minot, S. D., Zoo, dubbed "Whatsit." Area biologists are reportedly guessing about its chromosomal makeup. The animal was found on a North Dakota farm. A reader from the Tucson Daily Citizen, dated November 27th, 1971, comments that the animal looks like a dog-deer hybrid.

Monkey Boxers. Martial arts.

A photograph from the 1930s, taken by Louis-Philippe-Messelier at the Taiping Institute Taiwan, depicts two individuals engaged in what appears to be martial arts training, referred to as "Monkey Boxers."

Letters to Flying Snake

Interesting Squirrel Behaviour

Under the heading "Letters to Flying Snake," dated November 12th, 2014, a correspondent shares observations about American grey squirrels (*Sciurus carolinensis*). One instance involved a squirrel performing a full three hundred and sixty-degree circle around the writer while eating pretzels, making an aggressive "churring noise," which the writer interpreted as asserting territorial rights. Another observation described a squirrel swinging precariously on a bare tree branch, as if preparing to pole vault.

The letter also references a humorous American paperback by Bill Adler Jr., "Outwitting Squirrels" (1988), which mentions experiments by Dr. C Hart Merriam pre-World War II. These experiments suggested squirrels were fond of music and could be spellbound by it. One squirrel was reportedly so affected by whistling "Just Before The Battle, Mother" that it allowed the whistler to stroke its back, sometimes purring in response.

Visayan Warty Pig

Another letter, dated February 6th, 2015, discusses the Visayan warty pig, referencing a "sad little story" from The Torygraph about the critically endangered species. It also mentions the Vietnamese warty pig, believed to be extinct until 1995 when its meat was found in a market. The writer makes a wry comment about humans eating pigs.

The letter also connects Virgil's *Aeneid* description of sea-serpents with an oarfish seen on a BBC program, questioning if the oarfish's reddish crest might have inspired Virgil.

A Cryptid Called the Ark-La in Alaska

An e-mail from Judith Gray, a Reference Specialist at the American Folklife Center, Library of Congress, dated January 7th, 2014, is included. Gray's research into Alaskan Native bibliographies did not initially reveal mentions of "Ark-La." However, consulting Carol Rose's "Giants, Monsters, and Dragons: An Encyclopaedia of Folklore, Legend, and Myth," she found references to the "Arakho," a gigantic beast or dragon in Buriat mythology from ancient Siberia. The Arakho is also known as the Alkha, described as a winged dragon so large its black wings covered the entire sky, blocking out light. This monster periodically attempted to engulf the sun or moon, but their heat was too much for it. The marks observed on the moon are attributed to the Alkha's fangs in failed swallowing attempts.

Meteorological Anomaly

Crepuscular Light Photographed

A report details a crepuscular light photographed by Richard Colborne on June 20th, 2015, in Gloucestershire around 21:30. The photograph captures a bright rainbow towards the East, caused by low sun and dark storm clouds after a downpour. The photographer noticed the red light of the rainbow through a Venetian blind about 15 minutes after the initial sighting. He then retrieved his camera from his car and managed to capture the image, though the red light had faded slightly.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue of Flying Snake revolve around the unexplained, the unusual, and the folkloric. The magazine appears to have an editorial stance that is open to reporting on strange phenomena, unexplained creature sightings, and intriguing historical accounts, presenting them without overt skepticism but allowing for reader interpretation and further investigation. The inclusion of letters and reader contributions suggests a community-oriented approach to exploring these topics.