Flying Snake - No 07

Magazine Overview

Title: Flying Snake
Issue: Vol 3 no 7
Date: April 2014
Price: £3.99
Publisher: Richard Muirhead

Editorial Introduction

Dr. Devo's Diary, written by the editor Richard Muirhead, opens the issue with a reflective and somewhat whimsical tone. He acknowledges the magazine's small but dedicated circulation of about 20 people, considering its existence a minor miracle given his techno-phobia. He touches upon current events, including the situation in Ukraine and Russia, and humorously coins the acronym P.U.T.I.N. for 'Poetry Unites Troubled Independent Nations'. Muirhead expresses particular pleasure in featuring a story about a supposed Steller's Sea Cow hide and mentions contributions from Karl Shuker on flying frogs and toads, and Richard George on mystery birds in classical Roman literature. Future projects for Flying Snake include a website indexing issues 1-7 and a historical account of messages in bottles.

Contents

The issue features a diverse range of articles on cryptozoology, folklore, and forteana:

• Dr Devo's Diary (p. 4)
• The Complete Skin of a Steller's Sea Cow? by Richard Muirhead (pp. 5-12)
• Winged Toads and Flying Frogs by Karl Shuker (pp. 13-19)
• Mystery Big Bird and Other Strange Fowl Pt 1 by Richard Colborne (pp. 20-24)
• Some Entombed Frog and Toad Reports From Britain in 1894-95 (pp. 25-32)
• A "golden crested” Eagle and Other Stories (pp. 33-37)
• A Huge Serpent near Grenoble, France in 1809 (pp. 38-39)
• An Account of a Unicorn in Tibet in 1821 (pp. 39-42)
• Carl's Cryptozoological Octipodes and Other Fortean Cephalopods by Carl P. Marshall (pp. 43-49)
• Two Enigmatic Birds in the Xenia of Martial by Richard George (pp. 50-53)
• Saetón, the Dragon of Sierra Morena, Spain by Javier Resines (pp. 54-59)
• E-mail to Flying Snake (pp. 60-62)
• Notes and Queries (pp. 63-74)
• Book Review (p. 75)

The Complete Skin of a Steller's Sea Cow?

This lengthy article by Richard Muirhead investigates a ceremonial robe, claimed to be the skin of a Steller's Sea Cow, which was featured in the Kansas City Star on April 6th, 1956. The robe was inherited by Mrs Faye Keyton from her aunt, Miss Myrtle Shafer, and subsequently by her brother, W.L. Shafer. The article details the family's inheritance and the public's interest in the artifact. Mrs Keyton describes it as a stiff, leather robe with brown and tan markings and a red wool flannel border. The age of the robe is unknown, but it is attributed to the Steller's Sea Cow, a marine animal that became extinct shortly after 1740. Bering discovered the sea cow near the Asiatic coast in the early 1700s; it had fin-like feet and a small head resembling a cow.

The article traces the robe's provenance through Mrs Keyton's aunt and a distant relative, Jim Willoughby, who inherited it from his father, Dick Willoughby. Dick Willoughby, who lived in Alaska for over fifty years, spoke the Indian language and was made a chief. The robe was reportedly placed over him during a ceremony at his death. A photograph from the Alaska State Library shows Dick Willoughby with the hide, dated shortly before 1902.

Professor Willoughby, described as a Fortean and a practical joker, is also mentioned for his alleged sighting of a 'mirage city' in Alaska in June 1888, which he photographed. He lived from 1832 to 1902, and his funeral robe would have been from after the sea cow's extinction. Willoughby Cove and Willoughby Island are named after him. The article notes that the hide's smooth texture, unlike the rough bark of a tree, raises questions about its authenticity, suggesting it might be whale skin. The presence of circular shapes, possibly painted, is also discussed.

Further investigation into Steller's Sea Cow remains in museums worldwide is mentioned, along with a link to a photograph of a Steller's Sea Cow skin piece at the Überseemuseum in Bremen. The article references a statement from 'Contributions to The History of the Commander Islands No. 2' by Leonard Stejneger, detailing a conversation with Pitr Vasilijef Burdukovskij about the use of sea cow hide for 'bajdara' (skin boats). The article concludes by noting that the Steller's Sea Cow skin robe's location and date have not yet been established as of April 2014.

Other Articles

• Winged Toads and Flying Frogs: Karl Shuker contributes an article on these unusual amphibian phenomena.
• Mystery Big Bird and Other Strange Fowl Pt 1: Richard Colborne begins an exploration of mysterious avian sightings.
• Some Entombed Frog and Toad Reports From Britain in 1894-95: This piece compiles historical reports of frogs and toads found encased in solid matter.
• A "golden crested” Eagle and Other Stories: A collection of narratives related to eagles and other tales.
• A Huge Serpent near Grenoble, France in 1809: An account of a large serpent sighting.
• An Account of a Unicorn in Tibet in 1821: A report on a unicorn sighting or legend from Tibet.
• Carl's Cryptozoological Octipodes and Other Fortean Cephalopods: Carl P. Marshall discusses unusual cephalopods from a cryptozoological and Fortean perspective.
• Two Enigmatic Birds in the Xenia of Martial: Richard George examines mysterious birds mentioned in the works of Martial.
• Saetón, the Dragon of Sierra Morena, Spain: Javier Resines details the legend of a dragon from Spain.

E-mail to Flying Snake, Notes and Queries, Book Review

These sections provide reader correspondence, miscellaneous notes, and a review of a book, contributing to the interactive and community-focused nature of the magazine.

About Flying Snake and Payment

Information is provided on how to obtain the magazine, with Richard Muirhead listed as the contact for subscriptions and availability. Subscriptions are £3.99 per issue or £12 per annum, with a full-colour PDF option available via e-mail for £3.99. Payment can be made via PayPal on the website or by checks and postal orders within the UK, made out to Richard Muirhead. Checks from abroad are not accepted.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine consistently explores the fringes of zoology, folklore, and unexplained phenomena, often drawing on historical accounts and anecdotal evidence. The editorial stance, as indicated by Dr. Devo's Diary, is one of curiosity, open-mindedness, and a touch of skepticism, particularly regarding the authenticity of extraordinary claims, while still embracing the wonder of the unknown. The focus on cryptozoology and forteana suggests an interest in creatures and events that lie outside mainstream scientific understanding.

Title: Flying Snake
Issue: 3
Date: April 2014

This issue of Flying Snake, a publication focused on cryptozoology and unexplained phenomena, features several intriguing articles. The cover story, "Winged Toads and Flying Frogs," by Dr. Karl Shuker, explores various reports and folklore surrounding these unusual creatures. The issue also includes a piece by Richard Colborne on a mysterious bird sighting and references to the Steller's Sea Cow.

The Steller's Sea Cow

The issue begins with a discussion of the Steller's Sea Cow (S.S.C.), citing an expert, Hans Rothauser, who describes its skin as a thick hide, "more like unto the bark of an ancient oak than unto the skin of an animal." The hide is characterized as black, mangy, wrinkled, rough, hard, and tough, void of hairs, and about an inch thick. Rothauser suggests a DNA test to confirm its nature. A more recent event, a 2010 sighting of an apparent S.S.C. off Washington state by Chuck Crosby, is also mentioned, noting the creature was dark grey or black and its skin texture was unclear.

Winged Toads and Flying Frogs

Dr. Karl Shuker's main article, "Winged Toads and Flying Frogs," investigates reports of winged amphibians. He begins by debunking the "llamhign-yn y dwr" or water-leaper from Welsh mythology, exposed as a hoax by Oll Lewis of the Centre for Fortean Zoology (CFZ).

Shuker then recounts a report from a November 2012 issue of Flying Snake, which reproduced a letter from September 25, 1662. This letter described a mysterious creature resembling a winged toad seen near Mendham in Suffolk, England. He also shares a comparable report from May 2011, received from French cryptozoological correspondent Raphael Marlière.

A Colony of Winged Toads in France?

An article from 1990 in the periodical "Communications" by French cryptozoologist Jean-Jacques Barloy is discussed. It details a report from Marcel Buisson of Alençon, whose father claimed that between 1916 and 1921, a park near Fresnay-sur-Sarthe in northwestern France harbored about 30 flying toads. These toads were described as identical to common toads but with small, membranous wings similar to bats. They could fly short distances but were heavy. One specimen was reportedly killed but not preserved.

Barloy was perplexed, speculating that these might be teratological toads or a released colony of Asian gliding frogs (genus Rhacophorus). Shuker explains that these Asian gliding frogs, known since the mid-1800s, are capable of passive gliding using their enlarged interdigital membranes, not active flight. He questions the preservation of such unique creatures if they truly existed, given their vulnerability to predators.

Winged Toads – At a Market Near You!

Shuker then shifts to the availability of non-living representations of winged toads and frogs. As the author of "From Flying Toads to Snakes With Wings," he discusses acquiring a damaged plush toy flying toad, which he repaired. He also recounts finding a Balinese wooden mobile of a flying toad at a car boot sale in summer 2012, which he purchased for under £5. He also saw larger Balinese carvings of winged frogs (up to 3 ft tall) at another sale, but their poor condition and high price (£30 each) prevented their purchase, though he took photographs.

Shuker concludes that living winged toads from France remain unsolved cryptozoological anomalies.

Indonesian Flying Frogs

Indonesia has a rich folklore tradition regarding winged anurans. According to legend, a flying frog undergoes an additional metamorphic stage to grow wings, allowing it to live on land, in water, or in the air. This creature symbolizes change and transformation and is considered a bringer of good fortune. The island of Bali is known for its wooden carvings of flying frogs, used to protect babies and hung over doorways of homes of women transitioning to a new life stage. Shuker suggests that the inspiration for these legends likely comes from Asia's Rhacophorus gliding frogs, with at least a dozen species found in Indonesia. He mentions species like Boulenger's R. modestus, the Sumatran R. poecilonotus, Javan R. margaritifer, Sulawesi R. edentulus, and Wallace's R. nigropalmatus. An alternative, less likely possibility is an undiscovered creature resembling a winged frog.

Mystery Big Bird and Other Strange Fowl

This section, by Richard Colborne, is Part One of an article transcribed from a posting to the Manchester Birding Forum. Colborne, not an ornithologist but interested in nature, recounts a sighting from about five years prior. He and his mother observed a small bird on their lawn that they initially thought was an escapee due to its exotic plumage. The bird, identified as a Wagtail, picked something up and then perched on a fence post, wagging its tail. Colborne notes that while it resembled a Grey Wagtail, its breast was bright orange instead of the usual yellow, with only the edge being the typical shade.

References

The issue includes a list of eight references, including newspaper articles (Kansas City Star, The Yukon Sun), websites, biographies, dictionaries, and personal correspondence (email from Hans Rothauser).

Accompanying Illustrations

Three illustrations are noted: 1) The Czech edition cover of Karl Shuker's book "From Flying Toads to Snakes With Wings," featuring an engraving of a Javan gliding frog. 2) Shuker's rescued and repaired flying toad plush toy. 3) Shuker's Balinese wooden mobile of a flying toad.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue are cryptozoology, folklore, and unexplained natural phenomena. The magazine presents a balanced approach, discussing both anecdotal reports and potential scientific explanations, while also acknowledging the enduring mystery of certain phenomena. The editorial stance appears to be one of open inquiry into the unexplained, encouraging readers to consider various possibilities, from hoaxes to genuine biological or folkloric curiosities.

This issue of Fortean Times, identified by its content and page numbering (pages 22-29), features a collection of articles primarily focused on unusual natural phenomena, including anomalous bird sightings and historical accounts of entombed amphibians.

Unusual Bird Sightings

The issue begins with a personal account of bird sightings. The author describes an encounter on December 3rd, 2011, near Bredon, Worcestershire, where a mixed flock of birds included a creature that looked like a Jay but with plumage reminiscent of a cock Pheasant. This bird was noted as being undersized and flew erratically. The author also mentions a previous inquiry about a Wagtail with an unusually bright orange breast, which he suspected was not a genetic defect.

Later, on May 25th, 2012, while visiting Batsford Arboretum in Moreton in Marsh, the author describes seeing a large, unidentified bird. Initially mistaken for a hang-glider, the bird was described as 'gynormous,' riding air currents slowly at an estimated altitude of 60-100 feet, with a wingspan of 4-5 feet. The bird's wings were striking, with individual feathers visible, appearing black or dark against the sky, with pale or translucent feathers with dark margins. Its long legs and stubby tail were also noted. The author struggled to identify it, considering it unlike any native bird and even ruling out an escaped Parrot.

Entombed Frogs and Toads Reports from Britain in 1894-95

A significant portion of the issue is dedicated to historical reports concerning frogs and toads found in unusual circumstances, primarily from 1894. These reports, sourced from the Manchester City News, are presented with varying degrees of skepticism and analysis.

Frogs Found in Clay

One report from August 15th, 1894, details frogs found six feet below ground in clay and soil during an excavation on Stockport Road, Timperley. Mr. Charles Marston, a contractor, reported finding over twenty frogs, some of which were initially dormant but became active within twelve hours. A toad was also found in the rock at the same depth. J. Nicholson submitted this account.

Another letter, dated August 25th, 1894, from Charles Falkner, acknowledges the interest in the Timperley find and discusses the nature of frogs and toads. He ponders if their bed might have been a natural drainage channel. He also differentiates between frogs (light, nimble, leaping) and toads (heavy, slow, crawling).

Henry Nutter, writing from Booth-Street East, Manchester, on September 1st, 1894, expresses strong skepticism. He suggests that the builder (Mr. Marston) jumped to conclusions and that the frogs likely emerged from their natural habitat due to recent inclement weather, burrowing into the soft soil of the newly dug cellar space. He dismisses the idea of them being dormant, stating they were frisky and readily jumped back into cabbages.

Henry Walker, in a piece dated September 8th, 1894, addresses the phenomenon of frogs and toads found in coal. He argues against the possibility of a frog surviving the immense pressure and time involved in coal formation, likening it to a hydraulic press test. He suggests that such stories, if true, would challenge the doctrine of evolution by implying no change in frogs over millions of years. He includes an illustration of a 'Toad in hole, known as the Blois case.'

A Shower of Frogs in Cheshire

Another historical account, from September 1st, 1894, describes a shower of frogs witnessed in Hale Barns, Altrincham, about twenty-six years prior. Joseph Moore recounts seeing small frogs descending with heavy rain, with hundreds found in a chapel yard after the storm. Dr. Andrew Wilson is quoted as being skeptical, suggesting that the frogs likely came from nearby fields, washed out by the rain, rather than being carried by a whirlwind or waterspout.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue are the investigation of anomalous natural phenomena and the critical examination of eyewitness accounts, particularly those that challenge conventional scientific understanding. The articles showcase a blend of personal observation, historical reporting, and skeptical analysis. The editorial stance appears to favor a rational and evidence-based approach, questioning extraordinary claims while acknowledging the existence of unexplained events. The juxtaposition of modern bird sightings with historical accounts of amphibians highlights the enduring fascination with the unexplained in nature.

This issue of Fortean Times, identified by its page number '32' and featuring content from various historical publications, delves into a collection of unusual and unexplained phenomena. The content spans reports of entombed animals, sightings of large birds, and accounts of mythical creatures.

A LONG-BURIED TOAD

This section, sourced from the Manchester City News on September 14th, 1895, recounts the discovery of a toad embedded in the heart of a large oak tree. The tree had fallen during a storm on Earl Cowper's estate at Wrest Park, Silsoe, Bedfordshire. Woodmen cutting up the oak found the toad approximately eighteen feet from the root. It is speculated that the creature must have subsisted for some years on the tree's sap. The toad, about half the size of a fully developed one, readily consumed worms, earwigs, and beetles when offered.

THE LATEST FROG STORY

Also from the Manchester City News, dated November 13th, 1895, this article details the 'resurrection' of a frog from a rocky grave. A correspondent reports that the borough surveyor of Gateshead discovered the frog during excavations for a new street. A cutting 9ft deep was made through a bank of rock and clay, where the frog was found embedded. Its greyish-brown color matched its surroundings, and its shape was molded in the hard rocky matter. The frog was placed in a box with loose earth similar to its original environment and came to life and motion within a few days. Its eyes blinked, and it hopped about, though its mouth appeared closed from disuse, leaving its survival and period of entombment a mystery.

Figure 3, presented on page 32, is the cover of Bob Skinner's 'Toad in The Hole', described as a classic study of the entombed toad phenomenon.

A "golden crested" eagle and other stories

This section presents several accounts related to large birds.

"GOLDEN CRESTED " EAGLE

Sourced from the Manchester City News around May 6th, 1904, this piece discusses the sighting of a large bird, possibly a golden eagle, near Astley Moss, Manchester. The observers described it as a 'golden crested' species, a classification the author finds unusual, noting that golden eagles are known but not typically 'golden crested'. The bird was reported to have departed towards the Ship Canal and North Cheshire. The author reflects on how uncommon birds are often given imposing, though incorrect, names by rural communities, drawing parallels with insect nomenclature.

AN EAGLE IN KENT

This report, from the Teesdale Mercury on November 18th, 1885, details an eagle sighting in Kent. A correspondent, who had been within 100 yards of the bird on two occasions, describes its depredations. After a sheep died in a marsh, its carcass was left on the ground. On Saturday, October 17th, 'something' near the carcass attracted rooks, causing them to caw, fight, and fly about. The correspondent was later informed of this and identified it as a bird feeding on the dead sheep. The bird was observed on a gate post and seen multiple times. Its appearance is described as a large bird, about the size of a turkey, with feathered legs, a black crest, and a whiteish fringe around its neck. Its body was 'golden brown', while wing tips were dark, possibly black, during flight. Under its wings, the plumage was grey and speckled. The author suggests it might be an osprey or a golden eagle. The bird's activities included eating dead sheep, killing ducks, and a partridge. It was also reportedly driven off a live sheep. The eagle remained in the area until Sunday, October 25th, and was sighted in various locations around Canterbury and Surrey.

Figure 1 on page 34 shows a Golden Eagle, with the caption attributing it to Wikipedia Creative Commons.

Figure 2 on page 35 shows an Osprey, also attributed to Wikipedia Creative Commons.

AN EAGLE IN DERBYSHIRE

This section, based on a handwritten document about an attack by a large eagle in Derbyshire dated December 1st, 1887, recounts an incident involving gamekeeper Thomas James Hancock, employed by Colonel Fountain. While on duty on the moorland between Matlock and Derby Dale, Hancock perceived a large bird attacking his spaniel dog. The bird flew into the air and then descended again, intent on attacking the dog. Hancock fired his gun, breaking the bird's wing, and then stunned and killed it with the gun. The bird was identified as a magnificent specimen of the golden eagle, measuring 6ft 8 ½ inches from tip to tip of its wings and 3ft 3 inches in height. The largest wing feathers were 1ft 11 inches long. This was noted as the first of the species killed in the locality.

In response, V.A. Shaw wrote to the Derby Mercury, criticizing Hancock's actions as wanton destruction. Shaw argued that Hancock could have taken other measures to safeguard himself and his dog. However, the author of this piece wonders how Shaw would have reacted in Hancock's situation, imagining the gamekeeper's surprise and fear when confronted by a ferocious bird attacking his dog in foggy conditions. The author suggests Hancock's firing of the gun was likely an attempt to frighten or wound the eagle, rather than kill it outright, given the close quarters.

A Huge Serpent near Grenoble, France in 1809

This account, found through the newspapers.com archive and published in The Pittsburgh Gazette on November 1st, 1809, is reprinted from a French newspaper. The following account is translated from the French Moniteur of August 9th, dated Grenoble, August 1st, and describes the passage of an unknown animal, supposed to be a reptile of tremendous size, through the commune of Bernin. The account was written by the Mayor of Grenoble.

During the night of July 14th, dogs in the village of Bernin barked extraordinarily. The next morning, the trace of an enormous animal was observed, leading to the supposition that it was a serpent. It appeared to have emerged from the banks of the Iser river and moved towards the mountains, crossing two miles. Its path was visible through meadows, corn and hemp fields, and public roads. Its movement was slightly wavy, with a breadth of 12 to 16 inches. It encountered a dead wood hedge, passing through it at a middle height, serrating thorns as if intentionally destroyed. It rested under a tree, leaving a circular space seven and a half feet in diameter where the ground had sunk slightly. It then altered direction towards the heights, passing through a quick hedge, breaking three branches. Its pace was visible in the middle of the road and on its sides. The track proceeded to the most elevated part of the common, where it was lost in a torrent. The blades of grass in the fields were crushed, without trampling on the sides, suggesting no human involvement. The width of the path indicated the animal was upwards of three feet in circumference. Its trace was later observed again on the common of Crolles, suggesting it had descended towards the river.

An Account of a Unicorn in Tibet in 1821

This article, from The Calcutta Annual Register 1821, discusses the unicorn. It notes that the Rhinoceros has long been considered the Unicorn of the Bible, possessing properties like rage, untameableness, swiftness, and strength, but bearing no similarity to drawings of unicorns except for the single horn.

Major Latter, commanding the Rungpore Battalion, is credited with ascertaining that the Unicorn actually exists in the interior of Thibet and is known to its inhabitants. This information was first communicated to Colonel Nicol in February 1820. According to a Thibetian manuscript procured by Major Latter, the Unicorn is classed under animals with divided hoofs and is called the 'one-horned Tsopo'. Upon inquiry, the person who provided the manuscript described it exactly as the Unicorn of the ancients: a native of Thibet, about the size of a Tattoo, fierce, and extremely wild. It is seldom caught alive but frequently shot, and its flesh is used for food. The informant had repeatedly seen these animals and eaten their flesh.

They travel in herds like wild buffaloes and are often encountered on the borders of the great desert, about a month's journey from Lhassa, in the territory of the wandering Tartars. When asked if he could draw one, the informant produced a drawing that, despite its roughness, was a striking similitude of the Unicorn.

The article also references the Encyclopaedia, which suggests the Unicorn might be the Oryx or the Indian Ass of Aristotle, and Pliny's 'Fera Monoceros', both from India. Pliny described a great black horn and a hog-like tail, which the informant corroborated.

Figure 1 on page 40 is titled 'Unicorn in History of Four Footed-Beasts and Serpents by Topsell. 1658.' and is attributed to Wikipedia Creative Commons.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue revolve around the unexplained and the unusual, drawing from historical reports and anecdotal evidence. The editorial stance appears to be one of presenting intriguing, often bizarre, accounts from the past without necessarily offering definitive explanations, encouraging readers to ponder the mysteries of nature and folklore. The collection of stories highlights a fascination with anomalies, whether they are animals found in improbable circumstances, sightings of rare or mythical creatures, or unexplained natural phenomena.

This issue of Fortean Times (Issue 290) delves into various cryptozoological and unexplained phenomena, featuring articles on the Unicorn, mysterious cephalopod encounters, and enigmatic birds from antiquity. The content draws on historical texts, biblical references, scientific inquiry, and anecdotal evidence.

The Unicorn: Myth and Reality

The issue begins by exploring the concept of the Unicorn, differentiating it from the Rhinoceros. It references ancient descriptions, including those from the Book of Job, and biblical passages from Moses, Balaam, and David. The author notes that SPARMANN mentions ancient depictions of unicorns found in Caffraria, and people at the Cape reported similar sightings. The text questions whether the 'Wild Ass' and 'Unicorn' in Job might be the same. It highlights that ISAIAH speaks of Unicorns herding together, contrasting with the solitary nature of the Rhinoceros. A Thibet manuscript reportedly calls the Rhinoceros 'Se, ron' and classes it with the Elephant. The Unicorn is distinguished from the wild horse by its divided hoof. The article mentions correspondence with a Sachia Lama in Thibet to procure a skin of the animal, referred to as 'Tsopo', and notes that this communication was transmitted by the MARQUIS OF HASTINGS to SIR JOSEPH BANKES, with extracts published in English papers. MAJOR LATTER is also mentioned as providing further particulars.

Further discussion references the Hebrew Bible, suggesting two different words for Unicorn and Wild Ass. Captain TURNER's embassy to Tishoo Lombo is cited, where the Bootan Rajah reportedly had a live unicorn. BELL's travels from Moscow to Pekin mention a unicorn found near the Siberian frontier. Roman Catholic Missionaries who traveled from China to Europe through Nepaul noted the 'Monosaurus' in the desert near the Great Wall of China. Major LATTER has obtained a unicorn horn from the Sachia Lamia, described as twenty inches long, black, flat at the sides, with fifteen rings, and nearly straight. He expects to obtain the head, hoof, and skin for proof.

Mysterious Cephalopod Encounters

The issue features an article by Carl P. Marshall titled "Carl's Cryptozoological Octopodes and other Fortean Cephalopods." It examines various species of octopi, some based on corroborative evidence and others on cryptozoological theories.

Murderous Pacific Octopus

In September 1984, two spear fishermen from Kiribati were reportedly killed by large octopi in a lagoon on Tarawa island. The National Resources Minister of Kiribati announced the incident, but the exact number and species of octopi involved remain unclear.

Belize's Giant Lake Octopus

In 2010, reports emerged of a very large octopus in a tropical lake near the Altun ha Mayan archaeological site in Belize. Locals spoke of a giant red octopus with an arm span up to 15 feet (4.5 meters). The lake is connected to the sea via underground caves, suggesting it is brackish and allows for the octopus to travel between the sea and the lake.

Freshwater Cephalopods?

Dr. Mark Norman, a cephalopod expert, expresses doubt about the existence of freshwater cephalopods, citing their basic physiology adapted to saltwater environments and the lack of a 'sodium pump' mechanism to cope with osmotic changes in freshwater. The article explores the challenges freshwater dwellers face with salt levels and how marine dwellers conserve water.

The Oklahoma Octopi

Claims have been made about an undiscovered species of octopus lurking in Oklahoma's lakes, following a spate of drowning deaths in Lake Thunderbird, Lake Tenkiller, and Lake Oolagah. Some suggest a large catfish might be responsible, but this is yet to be validated.

Giant British Octopus

On January 12, 1952, Constable John Morrison on the Isle of Skye, Scotland, encountered a strange cephalopod in shallow water. It gripped his ankle with a six-foot tentacle before being dispatched and identified as a red flying squid, Ommastrephes bartramii.

Giant Mediterranean Octopus

Reports include an octopus with tentacles longer than 10 feet off France and Greece, and another with 13-foot tentacles reported off Toulon, France, in 1912. A diver in the 1950s encountered a huge octopus in the Gulf of Corinth or Aegean Sea.

Giant Pacific Octopus

In 1928, Robert Todd Aiken reported six large octopi off Oahu, Hawaii, claimed to be 40 feet from tip to tip. In 1950, a fisherman near the Kona coast saw a monstrous octopus with 75-foot tentacles.

Paul the Octopus

Paul, a common octopus, gained fame for accurately predicting the results of the 2010 World Cup, with an 85% success rate.

Recorded Cephalopodean Anomalies

This section details unusual cephalopod behaviors: tool use by veined octopi (Amphioctopus marginatus) in creating shelters, bipedal locomotion in mimic octopi, and claims of flying or gliding squid supported by Japanese scientists.

The Kraken

Norse mythology's Kraken, a hyper-giant squid with a body over a mile in circumference, is described as appearing like groups of islands. It is said to have a dark brown body with light speckles, large eyes, and a pointed snout (its tail). Its tentacles are as large as medium-sized ships, and it causes disturbances when rising and submerging, allegedly attacking ships. Artwork in St. Malo, France, from 1801 depicts a squid or octopus attacking a ship. Captain Reynolds described a detached squid tentacle that was 45 feet long.

Dr. Bernard Heuvelmans cited the length of squid tentacles found in whale stomachs as evidence of larger cryptic specimens.

Two Enigmatic Birds in the Xenia of Martial

This article by Richard George examines two bird species described by the Roman epigrammatist Marcus Valerius Martialis (40-103/4 A.D.) in his collection "Xenia." The focus is on Xenia 68 and 69, which describe edible birds whose identification is obscure.

Xenia 68: Galbuli (Yellow birds)

The text describes a yellow bird deceived by reeds and nets, associated with young grapes. Martial's editor, D.R. Shackleton Bailey, found the identity of this bird obscure, suggesting possibilities like the golden oriole, green finch, stone curlew, or green plover.

Xenia 69: Catta birds

This section mentions 'Pannonian cattae' that Pudens prefers to offer to his catamite. The identity of this bird is also unclear.

Conclusion

The issue concludes by noting that octopi have been central to mythology and films, with the Kraken widely accepted as the giant squid Architeuthis sp. The article suggests that the links between octopi, myth, and cryptozoology are reinforced by the unique connections presented.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue are cryptozoology, the exploration of unexplained phenomena, and the intersection of myth, folklore, and potential biological reality. The editorial stance appears to be one of open inquiry into these subjects, presenting various accounts and scientific perspectives without necessarily endorsing extraordinary claims, but rather exploring the evidence and historical context. The magazine encourages readers to consider the possibility of undiscovered creatures and unexplained events, drawing connections between ancient legends and modern reports.

This issue of "Flying Snake" (page number 60) features a diverse range of articles, blending cryptozoology, ornithology, and historical folklore. The cover prominently highlights "Saetón, the dragon of Sierra Morena, Spain" by Javier Resines, suggesting a focus on mythical creatures and local legends.

Saetón, the dragon of Sierra Morena, Spain

Javier Resines explores the legend of Saetón, an enigmatic creature from Spanish cryptozoological fauna. Described as a huge snake, over two meters long, thick, with a long tail, small appendages, and a rounded head, it is said to be greenish or blackish. Witnesses claim it is aggressive, highly poisonous, and possesses the ability to fly and hypnotize its victims. While not recognized in official zoology, Saetón has been part of local lore for centuries, with stories circulating since the time of Muslim rule, particularly in border areas. It is suggested that the Almohad armies might have introduced it to the region. Testimonies from the late twelfth century onwards describe foreign reptiles and monsters. The creature is said to attack cattle, stables, and humans, preferring to strike at the head from tree branches. Its bite allegedly causes animals to swell. Saetón, also known as Saiton or alicántara, is reportedly found in Andalusia and Extremadura, including the Sierra Morena Mancha and oak forests. The creature is described as having a powerful tail and vertical pupils. The article notes that the use of chemical pesticides in farm work since the late forties may have contributed to Saetón's decline. The species, if it ever existed, is believed to have disappeared over thirty years ago, with no reliable sightings since the mid-eighties. Some believe they may have accidentally run over one with their car. The possibility of it being a related skink or a misidentification of familiar species is also considered.

Ornithological Discussions

The issue includes discussions on birds, referencing classical texts. The golden oriole is mentioned, with its call described as "cat-like squalling cry." The yellow wagtail (Motacilla flava) is identified as a summer visitor to Italy, noted for its striking coloration. Other yellow birds discussed include the greenfinch, green woodpecker, yellowhammer, great tit, and blue tit, with comparisons made to the stone curlew and black-headed bunting. The melodious warbler (Hippolais polyglotta) and the icterine (Hippolais icterina) are also mentioned as yellowish warblers found in Italy, with the melodious warbler being a summer visitor and the icterine a spring or autumn passage migrant. The text makes assumptions about the migratory habits of birds in Roman times and the accuracy of Roman classification.

References and Illustrations

Several references are provided, including works by Martial, Lewis and Short's Latin Dictionary, and Heinzel, Fitter, and Parslow's "The Collins Pocket Guide to the Birds of Britain and Europe." The issue features illustrations of a Western Yellow Wagtail (Fig 1), a Golden Oriole (Fig 2), a Skink (Fig 3), a representation of an attack by Saetón (Fig 4), and a Vibora hocicuda (Fig 5). The text also references a map of Sierra Morena (Fig 1) and a drawing of Saetón on the back cover.

E-mail to Flying Snake: A Giant Bristol Spider

An email to "Richard" discusses recent reports of the Bristol Crocodile and other local animal tales published in the Bristol Post. It highlights a story about "A GIANT BRISTOL SPIDER" on Baldwin Street. Precisely 300 years prior to August (i.e., August 1714), Bristol was captivated by a tale more sensational than any crocodile. This occurred during the reign of Queen Anne and the succession of King George I. The article touches upon the intense political rivalry between the Whigs and Tories in the 18th century, describing it as a state of incipient civil war. This rivalry was particularly bitter in Bristol, exacerbated by the arrival of the Hanoverian dynasty, which was celebrated by the Whigs but opposed by the Tories. In this context, a discovery was made in Bristol.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine appears to have a strong interest in cryptozoology, folklore, and historical accounts of unusual creatures and events. The editorial stance seems to be one of open-minded inquiry, presenting evidence and legends while acknowledging scientific skepticism and the possibility of misidentification. The inclusion of both mythical creatures like Saetón and historical anecdotes like the Bristol spider suggests a broad scope for exploring the unexplained and the fascinating aspects of natural history and local lore.

Title: Notes and Queries
Issue Date: April 9, 1976 (for the 'Giant Tadpole' article, other articles span various dates)
Document Type: Magazine Issue

This issue of 'Notes and Queries' presents a compilation of peculiar and often unexplained events, historical anecdotes, and curious sightings from various sources and time periods. The content ranges from reports of unusually large creatures to strange animal behaviors and historical oddities.

Articles and Features

The Enormous Cobweb of Bristol

This section recounts an incident where an immense black cobweb, measuring 34ft wide, was discovered in a summerhouse in Bristol. The cobweb had reportedly been swept clean just a few days prior. Its appearance was considered a terrible omen by superstitious individuals. The house was swamped by sightseers, and the cobweb was eventually destroyed by souvenir hunters. The spider responsible was never sighted, with the text humorously suggesting that anyone who saw it would have died of fright.

Giant Tadpole

This feature, dated April 9, 1976, from the NEWS-HERALD in Panama City, Florida, reports on Eric Ryder, a 12-year-old boy, displaying a large tadpole he caught near Court Martial Ranch. The tadpole was about nine inches long, and a sudden rise in water enrichment was believed to be responsible for its size. A member of the Cryptozoology Facebook group commented that it was a known species of frog tadpole, but the author noted its impressive size and a personal anecdote about collecting tadpoles in Hong Kong in the 1970s.

Pygmy Horses in India

Citing Southey's Common Place Book (1849), this short piece describes a collection of curious small horses in the nabob's stable at Cossimbazar, India. These horses were several not exceeding three feet in height, with one notable dwarf having the head, chest, and body of a full-grown horse.

Do Mice and Spiders Like Music?

This section draws from Sir John Hawkins's History of Music, detailing an account of a captain of the regiment of Navarre who, while confined in prison, played his lute. He observed mice emerging from their holes and spiders descending from their webs to form a circle around him, listening attentively. This phenomenon repeated for six days, with the insects returning to their webs when he stopped playing. The officer eventually used a cat to deter them. The story was confirmed to the author by an 'intendent of the Duchess of V—'.

Recent Sightings of Wallabies in the Peaks?

An anecdote from early April 2014, where the author spoke to a man in a pub in Macclesfield. The man reported seeing four wallabies in the Peak District in January 2014, which was surprising as the last known wallabies were thought to have become extinct in 2011 or 2012.

Cat Trying to Act Like Your Editor

This section is a humorous title leading into a piece about cats. It mentions two distinguished cats in New England: Prince, a year-old feline from Lewiston who dances to music, and Tom, the companion of Capt Wall, who arrived in Hallowell from Galveston.

Farmer Fights Wolf

An account from a Welsh newspaper dated May 16th, 1916, describes an encounter in the Welsh mountains near Snowdonia. Local farmers were being harassed by foxes. A farmer inspecting his stock detected a large animal lurking behind boulders, causing panic among his flock. After manouvering, the farmer wounded the animal, which then lunged at him. The farmer shot it dead, concluding it was a large wolf. The article notes that local farmers had searched adjoining mountains for other wolves without success, suggesting it might have escaped from a travelling menagerie.

Giant Frog Eats Chicken

From the Cincinnati Daily Press, August 17th, 1860, this brief report states that a large frog, nineteen inches in length, was killed in Center Croton, Massachusetts, while attempting to swallow a three-week-old chicken.

Towns Terrorized by Escaped Lion

Reported in The Washington Times on December 21st, 1914, this article details depredations by a huge animal, believed to be an escaped African lion, in the mountains near Keyser and Piedmont, West Virginia. The presence of the lion terrorized the local population, forcing them to arm themselves, and even causing railroad workers to fear for their safety.

Some Think It Is A Panther

This section continues the narrative about the escaped lion, suggesting that older residents and hunters believed the beast was a panther driven from its mountain home by forest fires. However, the rumor of a huge African lion escaped from a circus in Piedmont persisted. Another cow was found mangled near railroad tracks at Keyser, and the 'lion' was reportedly seen by farmers.

Large Hog Slain

This report details how a beast, which had slain cows, calves, and other animals, was found standing over the carcass of a 400-pound hog near Piedmont. The animal, possibly the same lion or a panther, stood defiant when confronted by J.W. Umstott and his son Bixwell. An investigation revealed a torn fence and blood for 200 feet. A hunt was started but abandoned when the tracking dogs were injured.

Plague of Flies in Lincolnshire, 1699

Citing Mus Thoresby, this entry describes an event in May 1699 in Kerton, Lincolnshire, where the sky darkened as if with hail or snow. It turned out to be a prodigious swarm of flies moving with such force southward that people had to turn their backs. One fly was sent to Thoresby.

No Place for an Octopus

From the Examiner (Launceston, Tasmania), December 30th, 1954, this piece reports on residents of Grafon, West Virginia, being puzzled by an octopus, three feet in diameter with two-foot tentacles, found in a small stream. The octopus was killed by four boys and taken to the county dogcatcher.

Lepers Cured by Eating Turtles

This historical note, referencing HERRERA, 1.3.9. 1498, describes lepers from Portugal going to the Cape de Verds to be cured by eating turtles and washing in their blood. The text implies this transportation might have been compulsory and mentions the island's inhabitants were tasked with killing goats for Portugal.

Old Opinion About the Loch Ness Monster

From the Dundee Courier, February 26th, 1936, this article discusses a squid washed ashore on Loch nan Uamh, Inverness-shire, measuring about six feet in length with long tentacles. Locals believed the 'Loch Ness Monster' might be a larger specimen of this type, noting that several varieties of squid had washed up on the North East Coast in recent years.

Sea Monster Off Cornwall, 1786

This report from the UNIVERSAL REGISTER details the discovery of a large sea monster washed ashore in Portleaven Bay, Cornwall, on September 14th, 1786, following strong westerly winds. Two boys searching for wreck first spotted it. After initial disbelief, a group of armed locals investigated. The creature, described as having no legs and crawling on its belly, raised its head and appeared to move towards them. Opinions varied, with some suggesting a mermaid or whale. After an hour of beating and stabbing, the creature died. Its length was 48 feet 10 inches, with a circumference of 24.5 feet. It had a large, prickly head, green eyes, a large mouth, and a flat nose. Its back was hard, and it had two short fore-feet resembling a monkey's paw. Its tail was seven feet wide when spread. The report notes that no one knew its name and that no similar monster had been described in records.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue of 'Notes and Queries' revolve around the unusual, the unexplained, and the bizarre. The magazine seems to adopt a stance of presenting curious historical accounts and eyewitness reports without necessarily offering definitive explanations, often leaving the reader to ponder the nature of these phenomena. The collection includes reports of oversized creatures (tadpole, frog, octopus, sea monster), strange animal behaviors (spiders and mice reacting to music, dancing cats), and historical curiosities (pygmy horses, plagues of flies, lepers' cures). The overall tone is one of fascination with the strange and unexplained aspects of the natural world and history.

This document compiles a series of intriguing and unusual reports, primarily from historical newspaper clippings, focusing on strange creatures, unexplained phenomena, and alleged cryptid sightings. The collection spans various dates and locations, offering a glimpse into historical accounts of the unexplained.

Petrified Cat in Connecticut

The main headline, "PETRIFIED CAT IN CONNECTICUT," is accompanied by a report from the Morning Herald (Halifax, Canada, July 1st 1870). It details the discovery of a petrified cat under the floor of the old Episcopal church in Newton, Connecticut. The animal is described as a curiosity, with its teeth, claws, ears, legs, and tail perfectly preserved, and is estimated to have been dead for a hundred years. The article notes that such a phenomenon is rarely encountered outside of Europe.

Strange Bird Caught At Sea

A clipping from Boston, attributed to the UP, describes a strange bird exhibited by the trawler William J. O'Brien. The bird was found exhausted on deck about 100 miles off the Nova Scotia coast. It was described as being about the size of a hen, with stork-like characteristics, long yellow legs, a long beak and neck, and brown, red, and gray feathers.

Flying Snake in Virginia

Another clipping, from the New York Herald, reports on a "FLYING SNAKE" killed in King George, Virginia. This unusual reptile was described as a "flying snake" that preyed on birds. It was noticed flying about, presenting the appearance of an ordinary snake attached to a strange-looking bird. It never descended to the ground but would occasionally alight in trees to catch birds. The creature was finally killed and measured five feet long with about one inch in diameter, possessing wings covered with feathers. It was found at "Berry Plain," the home of John S. Dickinson. The article speculates it may have come from an impenetrable marsh.

Petrified Cat in Mooresburg, Tennessee, 1951

A clipping from the Kingsport Times-News (June 14th 1951) discusses a "MYSTERY CAT" killed near Mooresburg, Tennessee. This animal, which belonged to no known species in the area, was larger than an ordinary house cat and had a pelt like a wolverine's. Hunters and naturalists were mystified. The cat, a full-grown male weighing 15-18 pounds and standing 17-18 inches high, had thick, fluffy, yellowish-gray fur streaked with black, resembling a wolverine's pelt. It had a tail similar to a raccoon's and pointed ears. L. T. Godsey, a hunter and taxidermist who mounted the animal, stated it was not a domesticated cat gone wild or a hybrid, but a wild animal that lived on the ground, not in trees, and had the smell of a cave. The article suggests it might represent a new species.

Weird Critter in Indiana Sewer

A clipping from the Winslow Dispatch (February 6th 1914) describes a "WRIGGLY WHAT-IS-IT" found in the Mount Vernon water plant. The eyeless creature, 16 inches long, had a forked tail and was squirming actively. It was described as reptile-like, with a dark head and a white, circular mouth. Various individuals offered humorous suggestions for its classification, with the city marshal humorously declaring it was a "What-Is-It." Bob Skinner suggested it could have been a lamprey.

California Pterodactyl

An article from the Aberdeen Journal (June 11th 1908) discusses the hunt for a live pterodactyl in the Malibu district of California by Messrs C. J. F. Brown and Alexander Macdonald, associated with the British Museum. While scientists believe pterodactyls are extinct, these collectors believe one might still exist. During a visit to the Malibu district, they reportedly found a petrified man in a cave and were driven out by a strange reptile, described as a combination of bat and lizard, which escaped into the Santa Monica Mountains. The cave had an unbearable odor of carrion.

French "Land Sea Serpent"

A clipping from the Crossfield Chronicle (July 30th 1948) reports on peasants in Auch, France, who claimed to have seen a "landgoing sea serpent." The creature was described as nine feet long, green with black spots, and as big around as a boa. The area is known for its fine brandy.

Alligator in Idaho Sewer

The Idaho Register (November 20th 1891) reports an alligator sighting in Baltimore, Maryland. Joseph Howard captured a live alligator, about eighteen inches long, that had crawled out of a sewer. It had been seen near the sewer opening several weeks prior but had retreated. The article also includes a separate report about an enormous large eel, seven yards long and weighing thirty-six pounds, taken from a creek near the sea in Lincolnshire, England.

Book Review: Water Horse of Lake Champlain

A review of "Water Horse of Lake Champlain" by Katy Elizabeth (2013) is presented. The booklet provides an account of "Champ," a lake monster in Lake Champlain, New York and Vermont, from earliest times up to August 2012. The reviewer notes Katy's own sighting in August 2012 of a large black hump. The book covers the history of Lake Champlain, geological factors, and descriptions of Champ. It mentions an incident in May 1934 when a fisherman, Joseph Briere, caught an animal resembling a cross between a sea serpent and a lizard. The reviewer also touches upon the Loch Ness Monster and the idea of lakes with monsters at similar latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere. The book is praised for its style, avoiding hyperbole, though some spelling mistakes are noted, attributed to the publisher. The reviewer suggests the booklet could benefit from a bibliography and index. Thomas Finley is credited as the artist. The 1977 Sandri Mansi sighting is also covered, and the reviewer mentions their personal interest in cryptozoology stemming from the Zuiyo Maru carcass in 1977.

Editor's Impression of Saetón

An illustration depicts a green, serpentine creature with a red circular element, labeled as the "Editor's impression of Saetón."

Rather pale coloured Common Frog

A photograph shows a pale-colored common frog, taken at Marple Bridge, near Stockport, England, in March 2014, credited to Joergen Frederiksen.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this collection are the reporting and cataloging of anomalous creatures and unexplained phenomena, often drawing from historical newspaper accounts. The editorial stance appears to be one of presenting these reports for reader interest, without necessarily endorsing them as factual, but rather as curiosities and subjects for speculation. The inclusion of diverse reports, from petrified animals to alleged monsters and flying reptiles, suggests an interest in the broader field of cryptozoology and unexplained mysteries.