Flying Snake - No 05

Magazine Overview

Title: Flying Snake
Issue: Volume 2, Issue 2
Date: July 2013
Price: £3.99

This issue of "Flying Snake: A Journal of Cryptozoology, Folklore and Forteana" presents a diverse collection of articles exploring unusual phenomena and creatures. The cover prominently features a wildcat kitten and a taxidermied wildcat, hinting at the lead story.

Editorial and Publisher Information

The magazine is published by Flying Snake Press and is available from Richard Muirhead. Contact details and subscription information are provided. The editorial stance is that the opinions of authors do not necessarily reflect those of the publisher, and blank authorship indicates material from collections or unknown sources. The issue is dedicated to the memory of Alan Myers, Devo's original drummer.

Contents

The issue includes a wide array of articles, including:

• Dr Devo's Diary
• A Wild Cat in Dorset 2010
• Early Reports of the Chinese Alligator 1878-1895
• A Modern Plague of Locusts in Israel
• Bornean Crocodile Folklore
• Carl's Fortean Spider Experience in Borneo
• Borneo's Mystery Animals - Report of a Visit in March 2013
• Were Some Flying Snakes Really Peacocks?
• Some Notes On The Deer of Hong Kong
• Horned Rats
• Unidentified Submarine Objects: Case Studies From Around the World
• Notes and Queries, Letters, Book Review

Dr Devo's Diary

This section, written by 'Devo', offers a personal reflection on current events and the delay in publishing the magazine, attributing it to computer problems and personal disorganization. It includes a surface synoptic chart for July 12, 2013. Devo expresses gratitude to various contributors and anonymous sources, including historical accounts from Shanghai. He notes that future issues will maintain the A5 size and page count but hopes for more female contributors. He also mentions upcoming book projects: "Mystery Animals of Old Lancashire" and "Muirhead's Mysteries."

A Wild Cat in Dorset 2010

This article, authored by Jonathan McGowan, Max Blake, and Richard Muirhead, details the discovery of a road-kill wildcat kitten near Martin Down in Dorset. McGowan, a naturalist and taxidermist, found the kitten and was fascinated by its potential identity as a wildcat, a species thought to be extinct in southern England. The article presents a debate between the authors regarding the kitten's exact identity, with McGowan providing his opinions and observations. The text delves into the history of wildcats in southern England, noting their decline due to being classified as pests and the lack of conservation efforts. It highlights that while wildcats were thought to have disappeared before the turn of the 20th century, unofficial records from gamekeepers and hunters in the 1920s described animals matching wildcat characteristics. The article suggests that the assumption of extinction might stem from a lack of formal reports and the prevalence of feral domestic cats. Cranborne Chase is described as a remote area where such animals could remain unobserved. McGowan recounts his personal experience of finding the kitten on March 11, 2010, describing its physical characteristics in detail, including its broken jaw, baby teeth, thick fur, and distinctive markings, differentiating it from domestic cats. He notes the stomach contents included wood mice, voles, a rat, and a thrush. McGowan preserves the kitten and awaits genetic analysis, expressing his conviction that wildcats still exist in southern England, possibly as hybrids or with diluted genes, and questions why this possibility is not more seriously considered, suggesting the name 'Scottish wildcat' might be a limiting factor.

The debate continues with emails exchanged between Mike and Richard, and Max Blake and Richard. Mike questions the pointedness of the tail in photographs. Max Blake, focusing on genetics, states that purebred wildcats in the UK are scarce, with the majority showing domestic cat characteristics, and vice-versa. He hypothesizes that the Cranborne Chase specimen is a domestic cat, despite some markings resembling a wildcat, primarily due to the tail's shape, which he describes as short, thin, and tapering to a point, unlike a true wild cat's. He suggests that more photos, particularly of the dorsal side, are needed. Richard Muirhead mentions that DNA testing was attempted on a lynx pelt but was rendered useless due to contamination. He believes that identifying the specimen as a normal cat is the simplest solution until proven otherwise, and that ruling out hybrid possibilities is necessary before DNA analysis.

Other Articles

• Early Reports of the Chinese Alligator (1878-1895): This section likely details historical accounts of the Chinese Alligator.
• A Modern Plague of Locusts in Israel: Zvi Ron discusses locust infestations in Israel.
• Bornean Crocodile Folklore: Carl Marshall explores local folklore surrounding crocodiles in Borneo.
• Carl's Fortean Spider Experience in Borneo: Marshall recounts a personal encounter with a spider in Borneo.
• Borneo's Mystery Animals: A report on a visit to Borneo in March 2013 to investigate local mysterious fauna.
• Were Some Flying Snakes Really Peacocks?: Richard Muirhead investigates the possibility of misidentification of flying snakes.
• Some Notes On The Deer of Hong Kong: Richard Muirhead provides observations on deer in Hong Kong.
• Horned Rats: This article likely discusses the phenomenon of horned rats.
• Unidentified Submarine Objects: Case Studies From Around the World: Nick Redfern presents case studies of USO sightings.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in "Flying Snake" are cryptozoology, folklore, and forteana, focusing on unexplained phenomena, mysterious creatures, and unusual historical accounts. The editorial stance, as indicated in the "About Flying Snake" section, is to present a platform for diverse viewpoints, with the publisher not necessarily endorsing all author opinions. The magazine appears to encourage reader engagement through "Notes and Queries" and "Letters."

This issue of The N.C.D.H. presents a blend of contemporary correspondence and historical reports, primarily focusing on zoological observations. The contemporary section features an email exchange from December 2012 regarding a wildcat kitten discovered in southern England. The historical section delves into reports from the late 19th century concerning the Chinese alligator.

Contemporary Correspondence: The Dorset "Wild Cat"

The issue opens with an email sent by Jonathan to Richard on December 5th, 2012. Jonathan expresses disappointment with "Max's comments" that a found kitten resembles a normal cat. As a naturalist and taxidermist, Jonathan has handled many domestic cats but found this particular kitten to be different. He notes its kitten status, but its large size, wildcat-like markings, short and thick tail, dense fur, longer legs, clear ear markings, chunky build, and larger hind feet all suggest it is not a typical domestic cat. He points out that its teeth were not fully grown, confirming its young age. Jonathan mentions that such wildcat-like cats are being found in southern England, and the location where he found it was historically a known habitat for wildcats. He speculates it could be a hybrid, or at least unusual enough to make people reconsider their perception of Scottish wildcats. He includes a reference to another picture of its back, emphasizing its natural chunkiness.

Jonathan sent a follow-up email on December 6th, mentioning that Max had emailed him earlier. On December 14th, Jonathan sent a third email, expressing annoyance at uninformed opinions about the cat. He clarifies that the tail is not pointed and that wet fur might make it appear so. He explains that wildcats actually have pointed tail tips until a certain age, citing Mike Tomkies' books and comparing the kitten's tail to those of genuine wildcat kittens, which are pointed until about eight weeks old when they begin to bush out. He estimates his kitten was about eight weeks old.

Page 13 features an image labeled "Fig 2 The Dorset 'Wild Cat'" attributed to Jonathan McGowan.

Historical Reports: The Chinese Alligator (1878-1895)

The majority of the issue is dedicated to historical newspaper clippings from "The N.C.D.H." (likely The North-China Daily News) detailing the discovery and study of alligators in China during the late 19th century.

Early Reports and Classification (1878-1879)

A report from December 21, 1878, from "The A.-C. Herald and S. C. & C. Gazette," details a meeting of the North China Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. Mr. A. A. Fauvel presented a paper on the alligators of China. He illustrated his findings with a stuffed alligator, a live specimen from Chinkiang, a cranium, a skeleton, and a stuffed crocodile for comparison. The paper discussed the names used for these animals in China and identified the specimen with the "t'o or ngoh" of old writers. Marco Polo was noted as an early writer to mention them, though inaccurately. Mr. Fauvel's research indicated that alligators, previously thought to be confined to America, were indeed found in Asia. He proposed the specific name "Alligator Sinensis" for the Chinese alligator. The discussion following the paper provided further information on alligator occurrences in China.

A review from October 31st, 1879, of the "Journal of the North-China Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society" highlights Mr. Fauvel's paper as a significant addition to the knowledge of China's natural history. It reiterates that the discovery of alligators in the "old continent" was a notable fact, as they were believed to be exclusive to the Neotropical and Southern parts of the Nearctic regions. Mr. Fauvel's work showed the alligator, or "earth dragon" as the Chinese called it, was native to Asia, and he sent the first "Alligator Sinensis" to the Paris Museum.

Sightings and Incidents (1887-1895)

Several reports document specific incidents involving alligators:

• July 15th, 1887: An alligator was arrested on Broadway in Shanghai, raising concerns about public safety. The jaws of one caught measured twenty-one inches when opened.
• July 22nd, 1887: An alligator was caught at Tung-ka-doo Dock, and another, about eight feet long, escaped into the water.
• July 29th, 1887: A physiognomist in Shanghai published a pamphlet linking the appearance of alligators in the Whangpu River to the decline of foreign influence in China, interpreting it as a sign from the "water dragon."
• February 8th, 1889: A peculiar tale from Ch'ao-chow Fu describes a tiger falling into a pitfall, only for an alligator to be found in its place when the pit was later opened. The tiger's skin was found in the cage, and the alligator was subsequently killed. The story is presented with a moral about transformation.
• May 15th, 1895: Mr. W. B. Pryer writes about his involvement in identifying the only alligator found in Asia. He recounts how specimens were initially difficult to classify, with some suggesting they were brought by ships and released. He notes that specimens were typically under six feet long.
• August 20th, 1895: An alligator, measuring between seven and eight feet long, was caught by sailors from H.M.S. Esk and was reportedly kept in a bath tub, taking to pork and existing listlessly.

Further Details on Chinese Alligators

Reports mention that Chinese alligators were known to native writers and were described as burying themselves in mud during winter and emerging in summer. They were found entangled in fishermen's nets in the Yangtze. Mr. Fauvel described the Chinese alligator as a small reptile, averaging five to six feet in length, slow-moving, and generally torpid, but inclined to bite when molested in summer. The report from Chinkiang on "Date Unknown" describes an alligator caught in the Yangtze, measuring 6 feet 4 inches and weighing close to 200 lbs. It was kept in an artificial pond at the American Consulate and exhibited a "vicious look" and a "crash of the huge jaws."

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue are the identification and study of unusual animal specimens, particularly wildcats and alligators, and the historical context of scientific discovery and public perception. The editorial stance, as inferred from the selection of articles, appears to be one of documenting both contemporary observations and historical accounts of zoological interest, with a particular focus on occurrences in Asia. The historical reports highlight the scientific endeavors of the late 19th century to understand and classify fauna, often in the context of colonial presence and local beliefs. The contemporary section introduces a modern-day mystery surrounding a potentially wild animal, inviting reader engagement and speculation.

This issue of the North China Daily Herald, dated 'Date Unknown', presents a collection of diverse articles covering cryptozoology, natural phenomena, and regional folklore.

Article: Alligators in China This section, featuring a paper read by A. A. Fauvel before the North-China Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society on December 13, 1878, delves into the history, description, and identification of alligators in China. It includes a description of a 'river dragon' from Shanghai, reportedly eighteen feet long with a fox's head and toad's color, known for its voracious appetite and dreadful roar when irritated. The article also touches upon the discovery of an alligator in the Yangtsze River near Chinkiang as a potential source for local legends. Fauvel's work is noted as the first serious Western study of the Chinese Alligator.

Article: A Modern Plague of Locusts in Israel Authored by Zvi Ron, this article details the significant locust swarms that entered Israel in March 2013, originating from the Sinai Desert and crossing from Egypt. The Israeli Agriculture Ministry and Ministry of Defense were involved in combating the swarms. The timing of the plague, coinciding with Passover, led to widespread comparisons with the biblical tenth plague of locusts, although experts attributed the event to natural ecological factors, including excessive vegetation growth following a rainy winter. The article also discusses the historical and religious context of locusts, including biblical references and rabbinic rulings on their consumption, noting that while the timing was uncanny, it was not interpreted by most as divine punishment.

Article: Bornean Crocodile Folklore Written by Carl Marshall, this piece explores legends of the Orang Sungei (river people) in Borneo concerning crocodiles. A prominent tale recounts the story of Terrunggari, a giant white crocodile of the Kinabatangan river, who engaged in a battle with Berlintang, a crocodile ruling the sea. Terrunggari's victory ensured the crocodiles' right to the river and peaceful coexistence with humans. The article contrasts this mythology with the reality of frequent crocodile attacks reported in the area.

Article: Carl's Fortean Spider Experience in Borneo Also by Carl Marshall, this article describes an encounter with a large Huntsman spider in Borneo. While on a trip to study the region's ecology and cryptozoological species, Marshall and his colleague Andrew Jackson observed a spider that closely resembled a newly discovered species, *Heteropoda davidbowie*, named after the musician David Bowie. The encounter occurred after a thunderstorm in the jungle. The article notes that *H. davidbowie* is known from mainland Southeast Asia but not previously from Borneo, suggesting the possibility of its discovery there. The authors express intentions to return to Borneo for further research on cryptozoological subjects.

Article: Borneo's Mystery Animals - Report of a Visit in March 2013 This article, also by Carl Marshall, provides an overview of Borneo's biodiversity and reports on cryptozoological species encountered or investigated during a visit in March 2013. Borneo is described as a large island with ancient rainforests, home to numerous species of plants, trees, mammals, and birds. The expedition focused on studying the ecology and biodiversity, with a particular interest in rare and undocumented fauna. Hitherto undocumented reports include a colossal 35ft saltwater crocodile near Lok Batik, Sabah; giant reticulated pythons over 30ft; luminous paradise type birds in Ulu Kamanis; and Indonesian giant black orangutans.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance The issue showcases a fascination with the unusual and unexplained, spanning from historical accounts of exotic creatures in China to contemporary reports of natural disasters and cryptozoological findings in Southeast Asia. The editorial stance appears to be one of reporting on intriguing phenomena, folklore, and scientific exploration, encouraging readers to consider mysteries from around the world. There is a clear interest in bridging the gap between folklore, historical accounts, and scientific investigation, particularly in the realm of zoology and cryptozoology.

This issue of Cryptozoology magazine, dated 2014, features several articles on cryptids, unexplained phenomena, and zoological curiosities. The content is primarily based on research and discussions, with a focus on potential future expeditions and historical interpretations of sightings.

Sabah Sky Rods

Matthew Lazenby is conducting research into the 'Sabah sky rods' phenomenon. He has investigated a deep cave where video footage revealed strange flying objects with flight patterns distinct from moths filmed under short exposure. Lazenby plans further investigation in 2014, with updates anticipated.

Batatut (Bornean Orang Pendek)

The article discusses the Bornean orang pendek, known as the Batatut. The author states they found no evidence of this cryptid in Malaysian Borneo but plans further research during a 2014 expedition to Indonesian Borneo.

Possible OOP H.davidbowie

During a stay at Tampat Du Aman, a brief sighting of a spider species, *Heteropoda sp*, resembling *H. davidbowie* occurred. This species is supposedly found only in peninsular Malaysia, prompting an investigation into its potential presence in Borneo, planned for 2014.

OOP Long Arm Scarab Beetles

Max Blake of the CFZ informed the author that due to the distribution of many *Euchirinae* species, specimens might be found in the Middle East and Borneo. However, no evidence has been found yet, with more research planned for 2014.

The author concludes this section by stating the list will be updated in 2014 after their return to Borneo for a follow-up expedition focusing on Indonesian Borneo.

Pygmy Elephant

Figure 1 shows a Pygmy elephant, with photography credited to Carl Marshall.

Southern Pig-tailed Macaque

Figure 2 displays a Southern pig-tailed macaque (*Macaca nemestrina*), photographed by Carl Marshall.

Female Proboscis Monkey with Baby

Figure 3 features a female proboscis monkey with a baby (*Nasalis larvatus*), also photographed by Carl Marshall.

WERE SOME FLYING SNAKES REALLY PEACOCKS?

This article, authored by Richard Muirhead, explores the possibility that historical accounts of 'flying snakes' might actually be misidentified peacocks, rather than pheasants as suggested by Dale Drinnon. Muirhead references a 17th-century engraving by Crispijn de Passe titled 'America,' which depicts a winged snake. He argues that the depiction, particularly the head feathers, more closely resembles a peacock than a snake or pheasant. He notes that peacocks were kept as attractions in British country estates and could have escaped, leading to sightings. The article also touches upon the historical presence of pheasants in Wales and the possibility of peafowl being transported to North America.

An account from Hieronymus Benzo's journal (1541-1556) describes a winged serpent in Florida that could fly short distances, which Muirhead suggests could also be interpreted as a peacock.

The article then presents responses from a 'Cryptozoology' Facebook Forum regarding Crispijn de Passe's 'America' engraving. Stuart Paterson suggests it's a 16th-century mannerist painting idealizing the American continent. Adam Kukoleck questions if it could be a basilisk. Victor Vasquez proposes it might be a European representation of Central American natives like the Aztec, with the flying serpent symbolizing Quetzalcoatl or Lucifer, and interprets the imagery as propaganda against the First People of the Americas. Martin Kilmer-True makes a blunt comment about the Aztec empire. Mike Richardson humorously suggests it could be the remains of a bat.

Richard Muirhead then asks about reports of peafowl in America. Stuart Paterson states there are no reports until the late 19th century, reiterating his belief that the painting is an imagined depiction. Rowson Zhen discusses the possibility of snakes having wings, referencing ancient historians and the incomplete fossil record of snakes, noting that some prehistoric snakes may have had legs or flippers, and that some contemporary snakes have unusual features like horns or tentacles. John DeSilva mentions the Quetzal from Central American folklore as a feathered flying creature, described as a long-tailed bird.

REFERENCES

The article includes references to Dale Drinnon's work on flying snakes, an article on pheasants in Wales, and a Yahoo question and answer forum.

SOME NOTES ON THE DEER OF HONG KONG

This section, also by Richard Muirhead, discusses the deer found in Hong Kong. It references a newspaper clipping from 'The Star' dated July 29, 1977, showing a spotted deer (*Axis deer*) in a zoo on Lantau Island. The author apologizes for the poor quality of the image.

The article details the introduction of axis deer to the Hawaiian island of Molokai in the 1860s as a gift from Hong Kong. It mentions that these deer are now found on Lanai. The introduction of axis deer (*Chital*) from India to the Hawaiian islands is also noted, with a shipment in 1867 including animals from the Upper Ganges River, India, and some of unknown origin from Hong Kong.

Jon informed the author that within the last 10 years, there has been a belief that two species of muntjac exist in Hong Kong: Reeves muntjac and Indian muntjac. The author theorizes about the possible importation of axis deer (or Chital) from India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal, or Bhutan to Hong Kong between the early 1840s and 1860s by the East India Company. The article questions whether a small herd of chital deer on Lantau Island, seen in the 1977 newspaper, indicates a continuously overlooked population in Hong Kong for about 100 years.

Finally, the article quotes from 'The Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London for 1864,' which mentions several deer species observed in Hong Kong, including *C. sika*, *C. taivanus*, and *C. axis*. Descriptions of their physical characteristics, such as manes, spots, and tail color, are provided. The article also lists deer species from China, including *Cervus dama* from Canton, *C. axis* from Hankow, *C. elaphus* from Summer Palace Gardens, *C. wallichii* from Tartary, *C. swinhoii* from Formosa, *C. hortulorum* from Summer Palace Gardens, *C. taivanus* from Formosa, *C. sika* from Japan, and *C. mantchricus* from Manchuria, with detailed descriptions of their horns and coloring.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue are the investigation of cryptids and unexplained phenomena, the re-evaluation of historical accounts through modern scientific and folkloric lenses, and the documentation of zoological findings, particularly concerning exotic species in specific regions. The editorial stance appears to be one of open-minded inquiry, encouraging further research and discussion on subjects that challenge conventional understanding, while also grounding these discussions in historical evidence and zoological classification.

This issue of The Countryside Magazine, Volume 3, dated April 28th, 1906, focuses on the intriguing subject of 'Horned Rats' and extends into reports of Unidentified Submarine Objects (USOs) and mysterious oceanic phenomena.

Horned Rats: Historical Accounts

The main feature explores the phenomenon of the 'horned rat,' presenting a collection of accounts spanning from 1857 to 1912. The earliest documented case is from March 11th, 1857, cited from the Janesville Morning Gazette (via a French paper). This account details a court case in Paris where a scientific man accused a Zouave of selling him two horned rats and defrauding him of twenty dollars. The 'savan' (scientist) described the creature, noting its horn was larger at the top than the bottom and that it was 'alive and piert as a young rhinoceros.'

Further reports suggest that 'horned rats' were, in some instances, manufactured. A piece from the Northern Argus (Clare, South Australia) dated May 9th, 1873, mentions a Parisian 'maker of monstrosities' named Femorus, who was known for concocting horned rats and other unusual creatures. The article explains that these were allegedly made by Zouaves who would graft a portion of one rat's tail onto another's nose.

Later accounts include a peculiar possession in Wellington, reported in the Western Times on April 25th, 1902. Mr. Hookway had a horned rat specimen, stuffed by Mr. Palfrey, where a horn was apparently formed from an overgrown tooth. Several reports from the early 1900s detail the killing of rats with horns, particularly near Evesham, England. T. Perry reported killing a doe rat with two solid horns measuring 1 ½ inch long and 5/8 inch round at the base in Harvington, near Evesham, on November 10th, 1905. Similar reports surfaced in American newspapers, such as the Washington Post on March 26th, 1907, with a Kansas man asserting he saw a rat with horns, humorously linking it to the prohibition law.

Unidentified Submarine Objects (USOs) and the Bloop

Transitioning to more modern mysteries, the issue features an article by Nick Redfern titled 'Unidentified Submarine Objects: Case-studies from around the world.' Redfern discusses the vastness of the oceans and the potential for unknown phenomena within them.

The article highlights the 'Bloop,' a powerful sonic anomaly detected in the South Pacific Ocean in 1997 by NOAA's hydrophone system (SOSUS). The sound, lasting around sixty seconds, was of significant amplitude and frequency, leading some to believe it was a massive, unknown creature, possibly akin to H.P. Lovecraft's Cthulhu. While suggestions included a giant squid, marine biologist Phil Lobel was skeptical, noting cephalopods lack gas-filled sacs for noise production, though he conceded something biological might have occurred. NOAA's official stance later attributed the Bloop to the fracturing and cracking of large icebergs in the Antarctic region.

Terror at the Cove: USO and Whale Incident

Another significant case detailed is an event in 1997 in the English west-country, investigated by Nigel Wright of the Exeter Strange Phenomena Research Group. On October 1st, 1997, two young men swimming in Otter Cove, near Exmouth, witnessed a 'greenish' light rise from the sea, followed by a bright light. Simultaneously, a strange, glowing animal, likened to an 'enormous cat,' was seen on the cliffs.

The following day, a dead whale washed ashore in the same area. Nigel Wright's investigation revealed a single, peculiar external wound in the whale's genital area, described as a round incision the size of a dinner plate, cutting into the internal organs. This wound was unlike any caused by natural predators or boat strikes and was compared to cattle mutilation cases. Further reports mentioned unusual lights seen over Lyme Bay by a fishing boat crew, which observed a bright, white-blue light hovering for about 1.5 hours.

Puerto Rico: A Hub of Strange Phenomena

The article also touches upon Puerto Rico as a location with numerous UFO encounters, sightings of strange craft, and encounters with creatures like the Chupacabras. The author mentions visiting Puerto Rico in 2004 in search of the Chupacabras and hearing accounts of former civil-defence activities.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The issue consistently explores the unexplained, from cryptids like the horned rat to unexplained aerial and underwater phenomena. The editorial stance appears to be one of open inquiry into anomalous events, presenting various accounts and theories without necessarily endorsing any single explanation, while also acknowledging official explanations when available. The magazine seems to cater to an audience interested in the fringe, the unexplained, and the historical curiosities of the natural world.

This issue of Fortean Times, identified by its content and page numbering (pages 51-60), delves into a variety of unexplained phenomena, with a strong focus on undersea mysteries and historical anomalies. The content spans reports of Unidentified Submerged Objects (USOs), potential underwater installations, unusual historical discoveries, and documented sightings.

Undersea Mysteries and Installations

The issue begins with an account of a gigantic, unknown craft observed rising silently from the coastal waters of an island in the spring of 1999. The craft, described as vast, wobbled slightly, and then streaked vertically at fantastic speed before vanishing. Further reports, originating from an expedition to the same island, include an account from a retired police officer about the U.S. Navy tracking a huge USO in the deep waters off Puerto Rico in late 1993. The Navy contingent was reportedly ordered to merely log its movements and not to engage it.

These accounts lead to speculation about the feasibility of massive undersea installations, possibly in Puerto Rican waters. The article references a previously-classified U.S. Navy document from October 1966, prepared by C.F. Austin of the U.S. Naval Ordnance Test Station at China Lake, California. Titled 'Manned Undersea Structures – The Rock-Site Concept,' the document states that 'Large undersea installations with a shirt-sleeve environment have existed under the continental shelves for many decades.' This raises the question of whether extraterrestrial or unknown entities might also be utilizing such bases.

The discussion of undersea phenomena extends to the Bermuda Triangle, described as an ominous realm of wild, churning waters in the North Atlantic, known for the disappearance of hundreds of aircraft, ships, and boats. While conventional explanations like compass malfunctions, weather, and pilot error are acknowledged, the article notes that USOs have been frequently seen in the area.

A significant case detailed is that of Captain Dan Delmonico in April 1973. While navigating the Gulf Stream between Great Isaac Light and Miami, he encountered a large, cigar-shaped object, nearly two hundred feet in length, grey in color, and with rounded ends, which shot through the water. The pilot of this submersible remains unknown.

A Real-life X-File and USO Sightings

The magazine also touches upon a case from Pasajes, Northern Spain, in 1966, which involved the British Ministry of Defence. A letter from a radio officer attached to the S.S. Patrick M. Rotterdam described a bright, squarish patch in the sky that appeared stationary. Over several minutes, it elongated, became brighter, formed a complete ring similar to a flying saucer, and then branched out to form a letter 'M' before receding. The witnesses confirmed it was not the moon.

Nick Redfern, identified as the author of several books on unexplained phenomena, is credited with compiling these USO-themed reports, suggesting that the answers to many UFO mysteries might lie in the seas rather than the stars.

Historical and Natural Curiosities

Beyond the undersea and USO reports, the issue includes a section on "Notes and Queries." One query, appearing in 'Knowledge' magazine in October 1883, asks if the common earthworm is luminous, following observations of phosphorescent streaks on a road attributed to two small earthworms.

Another item details the feral scarlet macaws of Kirkby Stephen, Cumbria. Since the late John Strutt began providing a refuge for unwanted parrots on his farm, a flock of these birds has become a raucous feature of the town, with pairs occasionally seen flying over Market Street.

An Ancient African Coin in Australia

A significant discovery reported in June 2013 concerns ancient copper coins found on an island near Australia's Northern Territory. The CNN news website reported that a team of researchers is investigating whether these coins, originating from a once-opulent but now abandoned corner of East Africa, could change our understanding of Australian history. The island of Kitwa, known for its trade with China, exchanged goods like gold, ivory, and iron for Arabian pottery and Indian textiles.

The discovery was made in 1944 by an Australian soldier, Maurie Isenberg, who was assigned to the uninhabited Wessel Islands. While fishing, he found nine coins buried in the sand. In 1979, he had them identified. Four coins were linked to the Dutch East India Company, with one dating to the late 17th century. Anthropologist Ian McIntosh notes that 'Kilwa coins have only ever been found outside of the Kilwa region on one or two occasions,' with single coins found in Zimbabwe and Oman. The presence of a handful of these coins in northern Australia is described as an 'astonishing thing.'

Historical Pamphlet Depiction

The issue also features the front cover of a pamphlet from August 1614 titled 'True and Wonderfull.' It describes a 'strange and monstrous Serpent (or Dragon)' discovered in Sussex, England, which was reportedly living, causing annoyance, and inflicting slaughter through its strong and violent poison. The illustration depicts a dragon-like creature, which the caption notes looks crocodile-like.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

This issue of Fortean Times consistently explores the unexplained, with a particular emphasis on phenomena occurring in or originating from the sea. The editorial stance appears to be one of open inquiry into reports that challenge conventional explanations, whether they involve advanced technology, unknown entities, or historical enigmas. The magazine presents various accounts, from modern USO sightings to ancient artifacts, encouraging readers to consider possibilities beyond the ordinary. The inclusion of historical curiosities like luminous earthworms and the 'Horsham Dragon' pamphlet suggests a broad interest in the unusual throughout history.

This issue of UFO DATA Magazine, Volume 1, Issue 4, dated November 22nd, 1883, focuses on a variety of unusual and unexplained animal reports from different time periods and locations. The cover headline asks "A BEAR-DOG HYBRID?", setting the tone for the collection of strange occurrences.

A Bear-Dog Hybrid?

The issue begins by referencing an article from the Weekly Reno Gazette of November 22nd, 1883, titled "A QUEER CASE" and "EVIL ASSOCIATIONS CORRUPT GOOD MORALS!". This article describes an animal on a ranch near Petaluma, California, which is claimed to be a cross between a California brown bear or cinnamon bear and a dog. The animal was reportedly caught young in the mountains near Salinus fourteen years prior to the article. According to 'The Courier', the animal looks like a bear when lying down but shows its dog cross when standing. Its head and feet are described as half bear, half dog, with a hind-leg crook that is more dog-like. Its habits are said to be morose and sulky, with a tendency to sleep in winter, and it becomes ugly when disturbed. The report notes its bark is like a Newfoundland dog's, while its growl is like a bear's, concluding it is a singular beast.

A Facebook exchange from May 5th, 2013, is presented, featuring Richard Muirhead inquiring about a bear-Newfoundland dog cross. Contributors like Martin Kilmer-True, Kirst Mason D'Raven, Seamus Ehrhard, Matija Bobi, Tim Bergmann, David Smith, and Johan Schmooley Moufasa discuss the possibility, with some deeming it genetically impossible or a hoax, while others reference historical reports. Richard Muirhead mentions finding a story from an old U.S. paper circa 1891 about a cross between the extinct Californian brown bear and a Newfoundland dog.

Hare at Sea

This section, referencing The Countryman, Spring 1982, page 136, details an unusual event near Worthing, UK. A group of friends on a sea-fishing trip investigated a small animal swimming about 100 yards offshore. They brought it aboard and discovered it was a hare. The hare, not grateful for its rescue, escaped overboard and swam towards shore, where it was observed by another group of fishermen. It moved up the beach and along the main road before turning towards the downs. The hare showed no distress except when approached. The report speculates it might have been carried out to sea through drainage pipes and mentions that the naturalist Yarrell saw a hare cross a mile-broad arm of the sea.

A Black Cat in Queensland

An article from The Brisbane Courier, September 17th, 1924, reports a "STRANGE ANIMAL SHOT" in Queensland. Maurice Clark, son of Mr. A. Clark of Steinbrook, shot a strange animal near his home. Described as being of the cat species, about the size of a full-grown fox, pure black in colour, with long fur and a long thin tail, the animal reportedly attacked Maurice after being shot. His father then killed it. Local bushmen had never seen anything like it. A supposed mate is heard howling at night, and residents are fearful. Some members of Wirth's Circus suggested it might have been a young puma.

Giant Species of Python Reported

This item from The Advertiser, Adelaide, March 31st, 1953, reports on a "GIANT SPECIES OF PYTHON" from Darwin. Natives from the Djimba area of Central Arnhem Land described a giant rock python that grows to 30 ft. in length and 18 inches across the body. They claim its head is too big to fit into a kerosene tin, and one killed recently contained four undigested wallabies. The size was confirmed by natives stepping out paces.

Shark and Coelacanth Images

Fig 5 shows an image of a huge shark, sourced from Facebook, with the photographer's attempt to find copyright information mentioned. Fig 7 displays a photograph of a coelacanth taken by Britta Rodde in the Comoros Islands in 1995, which appeared on her Facebook wall. Fig 8 presents a sketch and caption from October 31st, 1901, of "A NEW ZEALAND SEA MONSTER, RECENTLY CAUGHT AT THE THAMES, AUCKLAND." This fish, described as having characteristics of a seal and shark, was found to have ten snapper, one yellow-tail, and a four-foot dogfish in its stomach. Britta Rodde believed it was a basking shark, while Paul Fitzpatrick suggested a Greenland Shark.

Zebra Finches, Etc.

Three items from The Metro, June 5th, 2013, are presented:

• GENE-IUS: Discusses whether personality is innate or learned, citing research from Exeter University on zebra finches suggesting foster parents have more influence on behavior than genes.
• DEATH DUTY: Notes that male Trinidadian guppies can reproduce even after death, while females store sperm.
• EARLY BIRDS: Mentions that city living has changed the daily activities and biological rhythms of songbirds, making them rise earlier, according to a German study published by the Royal Society.

A Tiger in Hong Kong in 1940

This section recounts an account received via e-mail from Brian Edgar, related to the Yahoo Stanley P.O.W. Camp group in Hong Kong. The story is of a visit by someone named Sheridan to Lantau in 1940. Sheridan and his companion James were warned by monks about the presence of tigers on the island, making it dangerous to sleep outdoors. Despite initial disbelief, they were given two staves by the monks. Later, they found a dead Chow dog, torn to pieces, which the head monk identified as a result of a tiger attack, leading them to abandon plans to sleep in the open.

References

The issue concludes with a list of references, including Knowledge Magazine (October 26th, 1883), The Guardian (March 14th, 2013), CNN (June 25th, 2013), The Weekly Reno Gazette (November 22nd, 1883), Facebook communications (May 5th, 2013), The Countryman (Spring 1982), The Brisbane Courier (September 17th, 1924), The Metro (June 5th, 2013), and a Yahoo Stanley Camp Forum e-mail from Brian Edgar (May 9th, 2013).

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine consistently features reports of unusual and often unexplained animal phenomena, ranging from alleged hybrids and cryptids to bizarre behaviors and historical accounts of strange creatures. The editorial stance appears to be one of presenting these reports, often with a degree of skepticism or by referencing contemporary discussions and scientific findings, but without outright dismissal. The inclusion of historical newspaper articles alongside modern online discussions and scientific snippets suggests an interest in the breadth of unexplained animal accounts across time and media.

This issue of Hardwicke's Science-Gossip, identified by issue number 229 and dated May 20th 2013, presents a collection of intriguing natural history and historical curiosities. The content spans reports from the late 19th century to contemporary observations, touching upon unexplained phenomena, zoological anomalies, and archaeological findings.

Insects at Bath (1871)

The issue begins with a report on "INSECTS AT BATH." A correspondent inquires about the nature of insects that fell in Bath in 1871. The magazine includes a photograph of a drawing of these insects, made by a gentleman in Bath who was well-versed in natural history. The drawing, attributed to W. B. Gibbs, shows three distinct insect specimens, labeled Fig. 138, Fig. 139, and Fig. 140. The text notes that more information about these insects can be found in Charles Fort's 'Book of The Damned'.

Grey Squirrels - A New Disease?

Under the heading "GREY SQUIRRELS - A NEW DISEASE?", dated May 20th 2013, Richard George of St Albans contributes an observation about a potential new disease affecting grey squirrels. He references a book by Neil Ansell titled 'Deep Country', which describes an illness observed in a squirrel in north Breconshire, near Sennybridge. Ansell recounts seeing a grey squirrel with a swollen head and bulging eyes, appearing to lose control of its limbs and dragging itself up a hill. He questions whether this could be myxomatosis or an equivalent squirrel disease. The squirrel eventually crawled into a hollow in an ash tree and did not emerge.

A Shower of Periwinkles in Worcester in 1881

This section details an event from May 28th, 1881, where a "SHOWER OF PERIWINKLES" occurred in Worcester. Mike Rowe from Lymington shares his research, which he had intended to publish in the International Journal of Meteorology. He notes that the event is not recorded in 'British Rainfall for 1881' or 'Symons's Monthly Meteorological Magazine'. However, 'British Rainfall' indicates it was a thundery day with severe storms in the West Midlands. The primary source found is a report from the Worcester Daily Times, May 30th, 1881, which was reproduced in 'Phenomena: A Book of Wonders' by John Michell and Robert J.M. Rickard. The case might also feature in William Corliss's books. Rowe considers possible explanations: periwinkles coming from the sea via a tornado, or being discarded by a fisherman. He dismisses the tornado theory due to the distance. He also wonders if the molluscs could have been the land snail *Pomatias elegans*, which resembles a winkle and has an operculum. He notes that *P. elegans* is a local species largely confined to limestone, with the nearest known location being the Bredon Hills area, about 10 km from Worcester. He also mentions reading about winkles found on roofs and walls, but questions the reliability of this information. He suggests looking for material in the hypertext edition of Charles Fort's 'Lo!' on the Web.

Book Review: Footwear Markings at Bolsover Castle, Derbyshire

This section reviews a report titled "Footwear Markings at Bolsover Castle, Derbyshire: A Report for English Heritage" by Richard Sheppard, published by Trent and Peak Archaeological Trust in 1997. The reviewer describes the report as "utterly vital, groundbreaking and bold." Richard Sheppard, described as a Fortean himself, sent a copy of the report in September 1997. The report focuses on footwear markings found on lead roofs at Bolsover Castle. Sheppard mentions submitting a shortened version to the Derbyshire Archaeological Journal. The review notes that the report contains 25 pages of charts and images of footwear outlines, some with letters, names, and dates. The dates range from "at least 1822 to the early 20th century." The majority of the samples were left by men, with about 20 likely left by women and a similar number by youths. The reviewer speculates on the nature of these markings, questioning whether they were seen as innocent activity or an act of "bedevilment." The review also briefly touches on black squirrels, stating they are known in Russia or Ukraine but not otherwise in the UK.

Illustration and Additional Note

A cartoon by Hunt Emerson, with the caption "To be a Naturalist is better then to be a King," is featured, along with the website "www.steampunknaturalist.com". Below this, an image shows a hand holding an "odd coloured mole" found in Berkshire in 2012, which was passed on to Carl Marshall. The caption directs readers to "Animals & Men 50" for more information.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine consistently explores unusual and unexplained phenomena in the natural world, often drawing connections to historical accounts and scientific curiosities. The editorial stance appears to favour the reporting of intriguing, albeit sometimes anecdotal, evidence, encouraging further investigation and discussion. There is a clear interest in Forteana, as evidenced by the references to Charles Fort and the reviewer's description of Richard Sheppard as a "Fortean himself."