Fakta - 1971 No 1

Magazine Overview

Title: FAKTA?
Issue: Nr.1, 2. årgang
Date: 1971
Publisher: FAKTA?
Country: Norway
Language: Norwegian
Price: kr. 20,00

This issue of FAKTA? magazine is dedicated to exploring cosmic philosophy, UFOs, physics, and psychic phenomena. The cover features a striking blue and white graphic design with various symbols representing these themes. The magazine is published unprofitably, with 6 issues per year.

Cosmic Mathematics by Arnold Lockertsen

The lead article, "KOSMISK MATEMATIKK" (Cosmic Mathematics) by Arnold Lockertsen, introduces a new concept that challenges conventional understanding of physics. Lockertsen states that the term was inspired by a report from Universal Link in Denmark and that he has been developing this idea for about three years. He argues that the current definition of gravity, which describes bodies attracting each other, is insufficient when considering space beyond Earth.

Lockertsen first presented his ideas in 1963 on NRK radio, proposing that cosmic rays, or more accurately, bombarding particles, travel at immense speeds. He posits that the fundamental principle for cosmic mathematics must be this 'Cosmoskraft' (Cosmic Force). He criticizes the traditional view of the Sun as a fiery inferno, suggesting it is a planet whose atmosphere generates activity. The fuel for this activity, he claims, comes in the form of cosmic particles that collide with and are amplified by the Sun's atmosphere, acting like a transformer or relay.

He further elaborates on his theory, suggesting that these particles, after being amplified by the Sun, collide with inner planets and then impact Earth's atmosphere. This interaction, he believes, cools the atmosphere, similar to the effect of a fan. The Moon plays a role in this process, reflecting solar particles towards Earth, especially during opposition (around the full moon). This reflection, he asserts, can cause significant temperature increases in polar regions during winter, leading to adverse weather. He points to unexplained temperature rises, such as those observed at Jan Mayen, as evidence, and also mentions the temperature increases around New Year's.

Lockertsen criticizes astronomers and meteorologists for being too rigidly bound by the theory of gravitation, preventing them from recognizing these phenomena. He also touches upon the idea that the Sun is a planet, a concept he finds absurd for a 'stone-age man' but which he believes can be understood if one considers how fire needs constant fuel.

He also discusses the 'star islands' in the Milky Way, particularly in constellations like Cygnus, Cassiopeia, and Orion, which emit particles with an intensity comparable to the Sun. He suggests that during winter, when the Sun is in zodiacal constellations like Libra and Aquarius (below the horizon for those north of the Arctic Circle), these star islands become prominent. The full moon, when high in the sky, creates a neutral zone over the polar cap by reflecting solar particles, allowing the bombardment from star islands in Cassiopeia and Cysgnus to cause mild weather during this period.

Lockertsen concludes that the lack of discovery of these phenomena by scientists is due to their adherence to the theory of gravitation.

The Visitors - The Visitors

This section, continuing from a previous issue, discusses the complex situation in the UFO and space field, highlighting numerous problems that need resolution. It categorizes 'visitors' into four types:

• Type 3: Remnants of an ancient, lost race with advanced cultures and mental processes, living underground. They possess great knowledge and seek to connect with and help those on the positive side of the space program. Their bases are hidden in ancient cities and underground areas, explaining why many UFOs disappear into mountains, lakes, and seas.
• Type 1: Individuals with advanced skills in space travel and related knowledge who have transcended physical existence. They can materialize in our physical world when necessary for the spiritual plan and space command's program to elevate Earth. They work underground in ancient wisdom centers to reactivate and restore advanced machinery and equipment buried since a past era of scientific knowledge.
• Type 2: Purely physical beings from other worlds, similar to humans but more perfect in body and mind, living according to 'God's will.' Some may project themselves mentally or astrally into humans, usually when the person is weak or vibrationally compatible. They can sometimes project into spiritual mediums, but this is rare.
• Type 4: Beings who are scientifically, technically, and mechanically advanced but lack 'soul-force.' They come to Earth to take resources like minerals, energy, and gases. They aim to silence and intimidate those technologically less advanced, acting as conquerors who have met little resistance in their galaxy.

The article suggests that these beings, particularly Type 4, exploit the ignorance of humanity. They aim to create an impression that they are the only 'space people,' thus preventing Earthlings from realizing that positive extraterrestrial forces exist. The strategy of negative beings is to keep humans in ignorance, hoping that when they decide to take over, humanity will be too terrified to resist.

The article emphasizes that the best way to counter these negative influences is to increase one's own vibrations, strengthen spiritual power, inner spirituality, and elevation, aligning with what it calls 'God's highest plan' for Earth's population.

UNIVERSEL KONTAKT

This section announces 'UNIVERSEL KONTAKT,' an organization seeking to connect with spiritually seeking individuals across Scandinavia to form correspondence circles for peace, love, and brotherhood. Interested individuals are invited to write to their address in Strib, Denmark.

The text further explains that the 'highest plan' visitors reveal themselves to Earthlings who are spiritually advanced or awakened. In many cases, the contact person is themselves of 'space race' origin, contacting their own kind. They cannot reveal themselves en masse to an ignorant world that might fear them. The technologically advanced beings exploit this, creating a false impression of their sole presence.

KÆRLIGHED OG FRED (Love and Peace)

This short section offers a poetic reflection on love, stating that love between two brings happiness, but love among all brings peace.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine consistently promotes a worldview that integrates spiritual and cosmic philosophy with unexplained phenomena like UFOs and psychic events. It challenges established scientific paradigms, particularly the theory of gravitation, and proposes alternative explanations rooted in concepts like 'Cosmoskraft' and spiritual energies. The editorial stance appears to be critical of mainstream science and supportive of alternative or esoteric interpretations of reality. There is a clear dichotomy presented between positive and negative extraterrestrial forces, with an emphasis on spiritual development and inner strength as a means of protection and advancement. The magazine also highlights the role of spiritual organizations like UNIVERSEL KONTAKT in fostering connection and understanding.

This issue of the magazine, dated 1971, features a cover story titled "En atom-orientering" (An Atom Orientation) by Eddie Morild, and a prominent article "Derfor flyr fuglene i V-formasjon!" (Why Birds Fly in V-Formation!). The magazine also includes an article on the concept of time and a historical piece challenging the conventional narrative of who invented radio.

Atomic Structure and Particles

Eddie Morild's "En atom-orientering" provides a foundational explanation of atomic structure. It defines a Molekyl as a collection of atoms held together by electrical interactions in a specific geometric pattern, noting that a water molecule has three atoms, while protein molecules can have thousands. An Atom is described as an atom nucleus surrounded by a 'sky' of electrons. The scale is illustrated by comparing the nucleus to a walnut and the electrons' volume to St. Peter's Church, with individual electrons being as small as a fly. The Atomkjerne (Atomic Nucleus) is a densely packed collection of elementary particles, primarily protons and neutrons. A Proton is a positively charged elementary particle, about 2000 times heavier than an electron. A Nøytron is a neutral elementary particle with approximately the same mass as a proton. An Elektron is a relatively small elementary particle carrying a negative charge equal in magnitude to the proton's positive charge (one elementary charge). Elementærpartikkel (Elementary Particle) is a general term for about 200 particles formed by nuclear reactions, which can transform into one another; for example, a neutron can split into a proton and an electron. These particles are the building blocks of all matter. The text further categorizes elementary particles into groups like nucleons, hadrons, baryons, hyperons, bosons, fermions, leptons, etc., noting they are essentially condensed energy in various stable states. Antipartikler (Antiparticles) are also discussed, with about 100 types corresponding to each normal elementary particle. Antiparticles have the same mass but opposite charge. When a particle and antiparticle collide, their combined mass is converted into radioactive radiation.

The article explains Isotop as atoms of a chemical element characterized by the number of protons in their nuclei, while the number of neutrons can vary, leading to different isotopes of the same element. For instance, common oxygen has 8 protons and 8 neutrons, but isotopes exist with 5 to 12 neutrons. Changing the proton count changes the element; carbon has 6 protons, nitrogen has 7, and fluorine has 9. An Ionisert Atom (Ionized Atom) is one that has lost or gained electrons, resulting in a net positive or negative charge. When an electron gains enough energy (from heat or electricity) to escape the atom's pull, the atom becomes positively charged. The released electron can later fall back, emitting energy as light or heat.

Why Birds Fly in V-Formation

This article, referencing a New York Times piece from May 29, 1970, explores the aerodynamic reasons behind birds flying in a V-formation. Two specialists in aero-dynamics propose that large flocks of birds fly in this formation to support each other, increasing their effective flight range by as much as 71 percent. Calculations by specialists at the California Institute of Technology show that each bird creates a powerful updraft at its wingtips. The following bird positions itself to benefit from this updraft and the resulting air suction. The optimal condition for flight, according to these specialists, depends on the angle of the V. If a bird deviates from its designated position, it experiences increased workload and tends to return to its place. The specialists suspect that 'social pressure' compels birds to maintain their position. The article poses a question about whether the calls of Canadian geese are encouragement to weaker flyers. The analysis was conducted by Dr. Peter B. S. Lissaman and Carl A. Shollenberger. Dr. Lissaman, formerly a professor at Caltech, is now with Northrop Corporation. Mr. Shollenberger is also a Caltech graduate. Their theory is primarily based on aerodynamics rather than direct observation of birds. They expressed a desire for observers to provide data on bird formations, including the spacing, V-angle, speed, and wingbeats. Their calculations suggest that the lead bird does little more work than the others. However, they theorize that the lead bird might still have the hardest job due to factors like spacing and V-shape, suggesting it must be the strongest or best navigator. Birds on the outer flanks would have to work harder if flying in a straight line, so they fall back to equalize the load. The article notes that birds must fly in roughly the same horizontal plane, which appears to be the case in reality. The researchers also suggest that the air force could gain advantages from formation flying, but this reduction in drag can only be achieved with dangerously close formation flying.

Marconi Didn't Invent Radio

This section challenges the conventional schoolbook narrative that Guglielmo Marconi invented radio. It asserts that an American dentist named Mahlon Loomis invented radio in 1886, eight years before Marconi was born. Another American, Nathan Stubblefield, invented a wireless telephone capable of transmitting not just signals but also human voices in 1892, when Marconi was 18. The article claims that Loomis and Stubblefield have been obscured by history, while Marconi is credited as the inventor of radio or wireless communication. Dr. Loomis reportedly gave up his efforts to secure funding for his invention and returned to his dental practice. Stubblefield patented his invention but never profited from it and died of starvation. Professor Otis B. Young, an atom scientist at Southern Illinois University, is quoted stating that "Mahlon Loomis was undoubtedly the one who discovered and implemented radio communication in the world." Dr. Young's efforts to get Loomis recognized in encyclopedias and history books have been unsuccessful. Mahlon Loomis was born in New York in 1826 and studied dentistry. Before age 30, he patented an invention for artificial porcelain teeth. A note from February 20, 1864, reveals his long-standing effort to create a wireless telegraphic connection across the ocean. He was familiar with Morse's telegraph system. Initially, Morse used a double wire, but later found he could use the earth as the second conductor. Loomis realized he could do the same, using electrical waves in the air as one half of the circuit and the earth as the other, thus creating wireless telegraphy. He demonstrated this in October 1866, with witnesses including Samuel C. Pomeroy and John A. Bingham. Later, financiers in Chicago agreed to help Loomis set up wireless stations, but a fire in Chicago in 1871 ruined them, forcing Loomis to abandon his project. Stubblefield's story is described as similarly ironic. Marconi's first demonstration of wireless signals was in 1895. However, in 1892, Stubblefield invited a lawyer, Rainey T. Welle, to his farm to show him a wireless device. Stubblefield presented a microphone without wires, and Welle heard his voice clearly, initially suspecting a hidden wire. Stubblefield, born in 1859, was a farmer with only a basic education. He had an electromagnetic generator and compass, and demonstrated how the generator could make the compass needle spin. He then devised a way to create a working telephone without wires, which he accomplished when he was ten years old. In January 1902, Stubblefield held his first public demonstration, which was featured in the St. Louis Post Dispatch. However, Stubblefield also faced fraud and broken promises, was driven from his farm by creditors, and was found dead of starvation in 1928. A memorial near his birthplace states: "He achieved wireless voice transmission as early as 1892." The article concludes that Marconi, who came years after Loomis and Stubblefield, received all the fame and accolades.

What is Time?

Eddie Morild's article "Hva er Tid?" (What is Time?) discusses questions surrounding time and modern time research. It acknowledges that the topic might be difficult for readers unfamiliar with theoretical physics but deems it important and interesting. Philosopher Immanuel Kant viewed time as a necessary condition for all perception, an innate form of intuition that cannot be conceived independently of experience. The article ponders what would happen if time stopped, suggesting the universe might collapse or freeze. It posits that a universe without time would be in absolute darkness, making knowledge impossible. The concept of time is linked to memory, distinguishing between direct experiences and recollections. Memory assigns an experience to a point in time relative to the present experience, forming our subjective sense of time. The article questions whether an ABSOLUTT OBJEKTIV TID? (Absolute Objective Time?) exists. Relativity theory answers with a definitive 'no'. Classical mechanics describes events using three spatial coordinates and one time coordinate. Events were considered to occur in a spatial 'slice' at a specific time, allowing for absolute simultaneity. Relativity theory, however, views the four coordinates as a unified four-dimensional continuum, inseparable into slices of simultaneous events. This is because the speed of light is finite. The article explains that in relativity, it is more accurate to speak of physical reality as a four-dimensional existence rather than a sequence of three-dimensional events. The concept of 'now' is relative; what is 'now' on Earth is not 'now' on the Moon, as communication would take at least a second, making it 'now' plus one second.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine appears to focus on scientific topics, including physics, history of invention, and natural phenomena, presented in an accessible manner. There's a recurring theme of re-evaluating historical narratives, particularly in science and technology, giving credit to lesser-known pioneers. The editorial stance seems to favor in-depth explanations of complex subjects and a critical examination of established facts. The inclusion of a subscription information at the end suggests a regular publication aimed at an engaged readership interested in science and history.

This issue of FAKTA? (Volume not specified, Issue 5/6 1970) is a Norwegian-language publication that delves into complex scientific topics, primarily focusing on the nature of time, relativity, and cosmology. The content is highly theoretical, exploring concepts that challenge everyday intuition about time and space.

The Nature of Time and Spacetime

The main articles explore the implications of Einstein's theory of relativity on our understanding of time. The concept of simultaneity is presented as losing its meaning over large distances, as the time it takes for signals to travel affects perception. This leads to the construction of the 'light cone,' a geometric representation in spacetime. The upper part of the cone represents the 'absolute future,' encompassing all spacetime points reachable in the future, while the lower part, the 'absolute past,' includes all points that have had the possibility to contact the present moment.

Points outside these cones are those that have not yet had the opportunity to interact with us and with which future communication is not possible within certain timeframes. Objects moving at speeds less than light will remain within these cones. The article posits that if the speed of light were infinite, there would be an 'absolute now' where past and future would merge.

Time and Tempo

The discussion then shifts to the 'tempo' of time, exploring its dependence on speed and gravity. It is explained that every material point traces a 'world line' in the four-dimensional continuum. The 'proper time' measured by an observer traveling between two points is maximized when moving in a straight line without external forces. However, if the observer's speed increases, their proper time will run slower, meaning they experience less time for the same spatial distance. Similarly, increased gravitational force also slows down proper time. Mathematically, the time coordinate can be treated as an imaginary spatial coordinate.

The issue questions whether time has always been the same or if its tempo has varied throughout the universe's history. It suggests that changes in natural constants could explain astrophysical phenomena. The article uses the example of cold-blooded animals experiencing time differently based on temperature – faster in cold, slower in heat – to illustrate how subjective time perception can be. It then applies this to human history, suggesting that the pace of development has accelerated dramatically over millennia, with the last century seeing unprecedented progress.

The Direction of Time and Entropy

The irreversibility of natural processes is highlighted, with the second law of thermodynamics (entropy) being the primary law violated if events were to occur in reverse. Entropy, a measure of disorder, is presented as the fundamental dimension of time. The article explains that due to the vast number of disordered states compared to ordered ones, natural processes tend towards increasing disorder. This tendency, known as entropy, is seen as the 'arrow of time' that dictates its direction.

While relativity theory does not inherently address the directionality of time, statistical mechanics provides a framework. The possibility of time running in reverse in distant parts of the universe is considered but deemed unlikely given the universe's current size and age. The issue concludes this section by stating that this 'statistical time theory' is the only one that incorporates the direction of time, unlike relativity.

Letters to the Editor

The latter part of the magazine features letters from readers. One letter, from Jon-Ingar Haltuff, criticizes a claim made by Kristian Ørn Karlsen regarding the discovery of Earth being part of the Andromeda Galaxy (M31) and calling it the 'greatest discovery of the 20th century.' Haltuff dismisses this as nonsensical and lacking in scientific rigor, comparing it to a layman trying to correct scientists.

Another letter, from Knut AAsheim, responds to criticisms from Eddie Morild regarding an article on 'UFOs and Time Streams.' AAsheim clarifies that he was a translator, not the author, and defends the right to present 'fresh ideas and theories' in a forum like FAKTA?, even if they contain specialized terminology. He acknowledges that some expressions might be foreign to the average reader but argues that this is common in specialized journals. AAsheim also mentions a discovery by Oxford astronomers of a pulsar in the Crab Nebula emitting particles at 600,000 km/sec, questioning if these are 'tachyons.' He concludes by asserting that 'all things are possible,' citing the rapid advancements in human achievement and the underutilization of human brain capacity.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine consistently explores the frontiers of scientific understanding, particularly in physics and cosmology. There is a clear interest in challenging conventional notions of time, space, and the universe. The editorial stance appears to be one that encourages the exploration of new theories and ideas, even those that are speculative or controversial, and provides a platform for scientific debate through its letters section. The inclusion of a poem titled "KRIG OG LÆRE" (War and Learning) suggests a broader interest in philosophical and societal themes alongside scientific ones.