European Journal of UFO and Abduction Studies - vol 1-2

Magazine Overview

The European Journal of UFO and Abduction Studies, Volume 1, Issue 2, published in September 2000, is a publication by TRUTH [Totton Researchers of Ufology Theory and History] based in the United Kingdom. The journal's ISSN is 1467-4785. It is priced at £4.75 for the UK and £5.75 for Europe. The cover headline prominently features "Data Analysis of Anomalous Luminous Phenomena in Hessdalen".

Contents and Articles

The issue features a diverse range of articles:

• "Data Analysis of Anomalous Luminous Phenomena in Hessdalen" by Massimo Teodorani (Italy) & Erling P. Strand (Norway) (Page 64): This article presents and discusses data analysis and interpretation of luminous phenomena observed in Hessdalen, Norway, since 1984. Investigations, including those by "Project Hessdalen", utilized instruments like seismographs, radar, magnetometers, and videocameras. The phenomena showed marked radar signatures, occurred with magnetic disturbances, and sometimes with unexplained radio emission. A hypothesis regarding solar-driven plasmoids is ventured. The study analyzed visual sightings from 1984 and video frames from 1998-2000, noting a decrease in monthly incidence but increased detection capability with automated systems. Data suggested a daily periodicity in the phenomenon's appearance, concentrated between 18:00-24:00 UT, and a tendency to occur during winter and autumn seasons.
• "The Manises UFO File" by Juan Antonio Fernandez Peris (Page 83).
• "Hypnosis & UFOs: A Bibliography" by Edoardo Russo (Italy) (Page 92).
• "An Educational Programme for Ufology in the United Kingdom: The Development of an Advanced Level Qualification in Ufology" by Craig Roberts, UK (Page 104).
• "Analysis of Submissions to the European Journal of UFO and Abduction Studies: Geographical Spread, Content, Outcome and Review Times" by Craig Roberts, UK (Page 110).
• "Alien Abductions, Sleep Paralysis and the Temporal Lobe" by Susan Blackmore, UK (Page 113).
• "Letter to the Editor re 'Electric UFOs - Fireballs, Electromagnetics and Abnormal States' Book Review" by Albert Budden, UK (Page 119).

Editorial and Organizational Information

The journal is the objective publication of TRUTH [Totton Researchers of Ufology Theory and History], primarily for the European Ufological Community. The Editor-in-chief is Craig Roberts B.Sc (Hons), with contact details provided for TRUTH and UFO Studies at Totton College. The Editorial Board includes members from various European countries and organizations such as Nexus Magazine, Fundacion Anomalia, Sociedade de Investigacao de Fenomenos Ocultos de Lamego (SIFOL), ASFAN, University of Fernando Pessoa, Dorchester UFO Group, RIAP, Russian State Open University of Railway Transportation, SOS OVNI, and Centro Italiano Studi Ufologici (CISU).

Associate Editors include Helen Shaw, Julia Russell, Spencer Farmer, and Simeon Atkinson, handling typesetting, proofreading, graphics, and administrative tasks. Associate Reviewers include Helen Shaw, Steven Rider, Roger Anderton, John Roberts, and Matthew Jarvis, covering physics and psychodynamic issues.

Aims and Scope

The journal's purpose is to circulate ideas and contemporary issues related to ufology and the alien abduction phenomena, with a primary focus on European Ufological issues. It aims to foster development in the field by publishing diverse papers on historical perspectives, theoretical perspectives, empirical research, and European issues. Papers undergo blind review by at least three editorial board members, with a review process taking 4-6 weeks. Regular issues include "Forum Debate Articles" on controversial topics, and "Special Editions" focusing on specific areas. The journal hopes to be ground-breaking and bring the European Ufological Community closer.

Hessdalen Phenomenon - Detailed Analysis

The article on Hessdalen details investigations that began in 1984. The phenomenon, occurring in a valley in central-south Norway, was monitored for 36 days with instruments including seismographs, radar, radio spectrum analyzers, magnetometers, lasers, and cameras. Approximately 70% of the reported luminous phenomena moved in a North-South direction. Some lights appeared to "answer" laser pulses by doubling their pulsation rate. Radar, radiometric, and magnetometric measurements showed peculiar behavior not easily explained by known physics. A new station, the Interactive Hessdalen Observatory (HIO), was installed in 1998 with an automated videocamera.

Visual sightings were evaluated using a "Strangeness Index F" (F1-F10) and a "Quality Index G" (G1-G10). Cases with F values of F5-F10 were considered "UFOs". A correlation was found between higher strangeness levels and more detailed sightings. The number of sightings peaked in the second half of February 1984, possibly due to increased observer presence and longer darkness hours. Sightings were concentrated in the early evening hours (19:00-20:00 UT), with secondary peaks later. The data suggested a daily periodicity.

Video frame analysis from 1998-2000 showed a decrease in monthly incidence but higher detection rates due to the automated system. Comparisons with other "UFO flaps" worldwide revealed qualitative similarities in daily concentration (18:00-24:00 UT), though Hessdalen data showed sharper discontinuities. The Hessdalen phenomenon was also investigated using electromagnetic instrumentation, including radar and magnetometers. Radar recordings showed tracks, some with optical counterparts, and one event recorded a velocity of 30,000 km/h. Magnetometric recordings revealed pulsating magnetic fields temporally related to luminous events. The study suggests the Hessdalen phenomenon is not solely optical but involves EM phenomena.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The journal consistently focuses on European ufology, aiming to provide a platform for rigorous research, theoretical discussion, and the sharing of contemporary issues related to UFOs and alien abductions. The editorial stance appears to be objective and scientific, emphasizing data analysis, empirical research, and peer review. The journal actively seeks to foster a closer European Ufological Community through innovative discussion and the publication of groundbreaking work. Recurring themes include detailed case studies (like Hessdalen and Manises), bibliographical resources, and discussions on the psychological and physical aspects of UFO experiences and abductions.

This document, likely an excerpt from a magazine or journal focusing on UFO phenomena, details scientific investigations into the Hessdalen phenomenon. It presents data and analysis from a measurement campaign conducted in Hessdalen, Norway, primarily in February 1984, with additional references to later projects and similar cases.

Magnetic Pulsations and Luminous Events The core of the investigation revolves around the correlation between magnetic pulsations and luminous events. The document highlights that magnetic pulsations were not correlated with slow-varying geophysical magnetic fluctuations but were disturbed by magnetic storms. A key finding was the coincidence of luminous and magnetic pulsating events, which is described as the most important and intriguing result of the campaign. Figure 5 provides a detailed graph comparing the time-variation of magnetic pulsations and the 'strangeness index' of luminous phenomena, showing a similar behavior for events in late February 1984 and also for events in the period 25-26 February.

Radio Recordings The study also details radio frequency signal recordings made during the period of 29 January to 19 February 1984. Two types of signals were identified: 'Type 1' signals, characterized by a single component and spike-like morphology, and 'Type 2' signals, with multiple simultaneous components. Some Type 1 signals occurred concurrently with luminous phenomena, while Type 2 signals often preceded or followed them. The document notes that the absence of optical phenomena during some radio signal recordings might be due to the phenomenon shifting to the IR wavelength.

Other Investigations and Similar Cases Recordings of radio disturbances suspected to be related to UFOs are not unique to Project Hessdalen. The document mentions similar spike-like radio events recorded during a UFO flap in Piedmont, USA, between 1973-1980, although the data quality was considered lower than that from Hessdalen. Astrophysicists George Smoot and Giovanni De Amici also accidentally recorded strong unexplained radio spikes in Antarctica. The text also references recurrent luminous phenomena in Australia ('Min-min' desert) and Mexico (Popocatepetl volcano) that showed similar magnetic and luminous event correlations.

Seismic Recordings and Instrument Malfunctions Seismic recordings using a portable seismograph did not reveal a direct correlation with luminous phenomena, as the recorded seismic activity was distant from the Hessdalen area. However, instrument malfunctions, including black-outs, were noted to occur when luminous phenomena were passing near the measurement stations, suggesting the possibility of powerful EM interference induced by these phenomena.

Solar Activity and its Influence A significant portion of the document explores the hypothesis that solar activity might trigger the Hessdalen phenomena. The study investigated correlations between daily solar activity (sunspot numbers) and various parameters of the luminous phenomenon, including daily UFO number, strangeness index, and sighting duration. No correlation was found for these parameters with daily solar activity in the period of 21 January - 26 February 1984, nor in a later period (August 1998 - April 2000). However, a slight but significant correlation (C = 0.42) was found between daily solar activity and the amplitude of magnetic pulsations, with magnetic storms occurring approximately 1-2 days after a solar activity maximum. Similarly, a slight correlation (C = 0.47) was observed between daily solar activity and the number of radar tracks per minute. The document suggests that some radio events, particularly those with a spike-like morphology and oscillating trend, might be related to solar radio bursts.

Discussion and Alternative Scenarios The discussion section acknowledges that while solar activity might be a source of some recorded EM data, certain aspects remain anomalous. These include the timing of luminous phenomena coinciding with magnetic disturbances (though not their amplitude), magnetic disturbances exhibiting a peculiar pulsating mode not attributable to solar activity, and the timing of some Type I radio events coinciding with luminous phenomena. Two alternative scenarios are proposed:

I. The luminous phenomenon is a by-product of ionizing effects from solar high-energy particles, leading to optical, radio, and magnetic self-governing behavior, with the EM field produced by these plasmoids modulating normal solar radiation.
II. Something not triggered by solar activity is overlapping with solar radiation. In this case, the observed phenomena might be due to an unknown cause, and future studies should carefully evaluate and remove solar interference.

The document also considers theories based on atmospheric electricity, ionospheric phenomena, earthlights, tectonic strain (invoking piezo-electricity), and zero-point energy (ZPE) as potential explanations for the Hessdalen lights, particularly their low altitude.

Conclusion The conclusion emphasizes the need for future improved and high-tech measurements, such as radar-assisted photometers and spectrographs, to definitively understand the Hessdalen phenomenon. It highlights the potential of this energy source if understood, suggesting it could be reproduced and utilized for technological advancements like cleaner propulsion. The phenomenon is described as sufficiently recurring to warrant systematic investigation.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance The recurring themes in this document are the scientific investigation of anomalous aerial phenomena (UFOs), the correlation of various physical measurements (magnetic, radio, radar) with these phenomena, and the exploration of potential causes, including natural phenomena (solar activity, atmospheric electricity) and the possibility of extraterrestrial intelligence. The editorial stance is one of rigorous scientific inquiry, advocating for systematic data collection and analysis to move beyond speculation and towards definitive explanations, while acknowledging the complexity and enigmatic nature of the Hessdalen phenomenon.

This document details "The Manises UFO File," an investigation into a significant UFO incident that occurred on November 11, 1979, involving a TAE Supercaravelle passenger flight and subsequent observations from Manises airport in Valencia, Spain. The article is authored by Juan Antonio Fernández Peris, an agricultural engineer, and is summarized from his extensive 200-page research report.

Foreword

The foreword introduces the article as a summary of a 200-page report by Juan Antonio Fernández Peris concerning an event on November 11, 1979. Peris began interviewing witnesses shortly after the incident and has conducted an in-depth study over many years. The case gained further insight in 1994 when the Spanish Air Force declassified its file, allowing Peris to formulate a scientific theory. In 1998, Peris received the Ricardo Caruncho Prize from the Spanish Anomaly Foundation for his UFO investigation. The full research report is set to be published in book form in 2000 as "El Expediente Manises" (The Manises File) by the Anomaly Foundation.

Introduction

The author, Juan Antonio Fernández Peris, recounts how the incident began with a passenger plane making an emergency landing at Manises airport in Valencia due to the pilot's fear of a collision with strange red lights. The event's impact on his home city and its strangeness prompted his 20-year investigation. He states that his findings suggest the phenomena should not be attributed to extraterrestrial forces but rather to a unique concatenation of special circumstances that led witnesses, many from the aeronautical profession, to misinterpret common stimuli as UFOs.

The Facts

The article details the events of November 11, 1979. At 22:47 hours, a Spanish TAE Supercaravelle (flight JK-297) departed from Palma (Majorca) en route to Tenerife with 109 passengers. At 23:05 hours, while flying at 23,000 feet over the Mediterranean Sea southwest of Ibiza, the flight mechanic reported two powerful red lights in front and to the left of the plane. Air Transit Control in Barcelona confirmed no other scheduled flights were in the area, increasing the crew's nervousness. The lights appeared to approach the plane, leading the pilot, fearing a collision, to abort the flight and make an emergency landing at Manises airport at 23:45 hours. Upon arrival, airport personnel observed more bright lights in the sky, which were presumed to be the same ones that had interfered with the flight. Military personnel from the adjoining Manises Air Force Base also witnessed these lights. At 00:40 hours on November 12th, the Spanish Air Defense ordered a Mirage F-1 aircraft from Los Llanos Air Force Base in Albacete to scramble and investigate the lights. The Mirage F-1 pilot, Captain Fernando Cámara, pursued distant lights for nearly 1.5 hours over the Mediterranean Sea and inland Spain but could not reduce the distance. During this pursuit, he experienced severe radio communication interference and blocking of his aircraft's warning systems, eventually returning to base with low fuel at 02:07 hours.

Results of the Investigation

The investigation faced initial obstacles due to the Spanish military classifying UFO-related issues in March 1979, preventing access to official records. Significant progress was only made after the case file was declassified in September 1994, providing the necessary data for a comprehensive study and explanation. The findings suggest that the various episodes of the case, while seemingly related, originated from independent luminous sources.

(A) Red lights observed by TAE JK-297 flight: The crew likely misperceived the flash blazes from the combustion towers at the Escombreras refinery near Cartagena. Analysis of the flight path and visual angles, combined with trigonometric calculations and aerial photography of the refinery, showed a strong correlation between the observed lights and the active chimney groups at the refinery. The angular separation and apparent size of the flames matched the crew's descriptions.

(B) Multiple lights sighted from Manises: Many involved initially suspected the lights were stars, a notion confirmed by subsequent observations of similar starry lights on following nights. The captain on guard at Manises AFB noted at 01:45 hours on November 12th that the bright objects appeared to follow the stars, suspecting one might be a planet. Sirius was identified as the brightest star, raising significant expectation.

(C) Lights followed by the Mirage F-1: The lights viewed by the Mirage F-1 pilot were unrelated to those seen by the commercial plane. Captain Cámara pursued undefined, distant lights, likely stellar, and possibly lights from another refinery in North Algeria. He was unable to reach them.

Conclusions

Despite the witnesses being qualified professionals (pilots, flight control staff, airport personnel), the investigation concludes that the event was a result of a unique and unlikely combination of circumstances. The pilot of flight TAE JK-297, Commander Francisco Javier Lerdo de Tejada, was psychologically vulnerable due to personal conflicts, leading to anxiety and panic that prompted the emergency landing, not the lights themselves. He received no support from Barcelona's Flight Information and Control Center. The meteorological conditions, specifically a strong temperature inversion creating a superior mirage, distorted the perception of the refinery flames. The emergency landing created an atmosphere of excitement at Manises airport and the Air Force Base, contributing to confusion. The exceptional visibility that night also caused unusual star scintillation. Captain Cámara, the Mirage F-1 pilot, was disoriented for 1.5 hours pursuing ambiguous stimuli. Furthermore, he experienced "awkward, unsuspected acts of electronic warfare" from the LHP-2 Iwo-Jima helicopter-carrier (US Navy, 6th Fleet), which was on high alert due to the US embassy hostage crisis in Iran. The author notes that this event occurred within a sociological context in Spain that was particularly receptive to UFO beliefs, with media saturation on the topic leading to almost any skyward light being considered a potential extraterrestrial spaceship. This unusual combination of rare circumstances produced what is considered the most remarkable UFO (IFO) case in Spain.

References

The article lists three references:
1. Fernández Peris, J.A. (1984) '30 años de literatura OVNI en España (1950-1980)'
2. Ballester Olmos, V.J. and Fernandez Peris, J.A. (1987) Enciclopedia de los encuentros cercanos con OVNIS.
3. Ballester Olmos, V.J. (1999) 'UFO Declassification-The Spanish Model.'

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The primary theme is the critical analysis of a prominent UFO case, aiming to demystify it through rigorous investigation and scientific explanation. The editorial stance is clearly skeptical, emphasizing misidentification, psychological factors, and unusual environmental conditions as explanations for UFO sightings, rather than extraterrestrial origins. The article advocates for a scientific approach to UFO phenomena, highlighting how complex events can arise from a confluence of ordinary factors under extraordinary circumstances.

This document is a bibliography titled "HYPNOSIS AND UFOs: A BIBLIOGRAPHY", compiled by Edoardo Russo of the Centro Italiano Studi Ufologici. It is a comprehensive listing of various publications that explore the connection between hypnosis and UFO phenomena.

Content

The bibliography is organized alphabetically by author and lists a wide array of sources, including journal articles, books, and contributions to edited volumes. The entries span from the 1970s to the mid-1990s, with a significant concentration of works from the 1980s and early 1990s. The topics covered are diverse, encompassing:

• Hypnotic Regression and Abduction Memories: Many entries deal with the use of hypnosis to recall alleged UFO abduction experiences, exploring the reliability and potential pitfalls of such methods. Authors like Stuart Appelle, Robert A. Baker, Thomas E. Bullard, and Alvin H. Lawson frequently appear in this context.
• Investigative Techniques: Several entries discuss hypnosis as a tool for UFO investigators, examining its effectiveness and ethical considerations. Authors such as Hobart Gregory Baker and Stephen Clark contribute to this area.
• Psychological Aspects: The psychological implications of UFO experiences and the role of hypnosis in memory formation and potential distortion are explored in works by authors like Robert E. Bartholomew and Nicholas P. Spanos.
• Specific Cases and Reports: Some entries reference specific UFO cases or reports where hypnosis played a role in the investigation, such as the "Bailey Case" or the "Hill Abduction Case."
• Critical Perspectives: The bibliography also includes sources that offer critical views on the use of hypnosis in ufology, questioning its validity or highlighting the potential for creating false memories, as seen in works by Robert A. Baker and Joseph G. Dhlopolsky.

Notable authors and researchers whose works are cited include Robert A. Baker, Thomas E. Bullard, Budd Hopkins, Joseph Allen Hynek, Jacques Vallee, and Jenny Randles.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring theme throughout this bibliography is the complex and often controversial relationship between hypnosis and the study of UFO phenomena. It highlights the ongoing debate among researchers regarding the utility of hypnosis as an investigative tool, the potential for it to elicit genuine memories versus fabricated ones, and its role in shaping our understanding of alleged alien encounters. The bibliography itself, by its nature, does not take an editorial stance but rather serves as a comprehensive resource for anyone wishing to delve into the literature on this subject.

This document comprises pages 102-111 of a publication, likely a magazine or journal, focusing on ufology and related topics. The content includes a bibliography of works on UFOs and hypnosis, followed by an academic paper detailing the development of an Advanced Level qualification in Ufology in the United Kingdom. The latter part of the document analyzes submissions to the European Journal of UFO and Abduction Studies.

Bibliography of UFO and Hypnosis Literature The initial pages (102-103) present a comprehensive bibliography of articles and books related to UFO experiences, hypnosis, and abduction. Notable authors cited include R. Leo Sprinkle, Coral and Jim Lorenzen, Jacques Vallee, and Robert Wanderer. The entries cover a range of topics such as using hypnosis in investigations, the implications of UFO experiences, and specific case studies.

An Educational Programme for Ufology in the United Kingdom Pages 104-109 feature an academic paper by Craig A. Roberts titled "An Educational Programme for Ufology in the United Kingdom: The Development of an Advanced Level Qualification in Ufology." The paper discusses the lack of regulated qualifications in ufology and the efforts made by Totton College to establish an Advanced Level course.

Course Structure and Units The Ufology course at Totton College is designed to be a minimum of two years and is split into six units: * Historical Perspectives on UFOs * Theoretical Perspectives on UFOs * Research Methods in Ufology * Alien Abduction * The Media and Ufology * Primary Research in Ufology Each unit has a credit value, a number of assignments, and a type of assignment, with some units having run multiple times.

Course Content and Assignments The course aims to provide a thorough knowledge of the subject area, covering historical progression, theoretical explanations (including Conspiracy Theory, Extraterrestrial Approach, Hoaxes, Earth Lights, Electromagnetism, Temporal Lobe Epilepsy, Psychopathology, Fantasy Proneness, Hypnosis, Eye Witness Testimony, and Astronomical Mirage Theory), research methods (skywatching, data collection, interviewing, questionnaire design, classification of sightings, letter writing, internet usage), alien abduction (progression from contactee era, 15 potential explanations), media analysis (film, book, magazine, internet, newspaper reporting), and primary research (producing a 5000+ word report). Assignments are designed to work towards student strengths and address weaknesses. Examples include analyzing pre-biblical UFO cases, hoaxing a UFO sighting, classifying sightings data by nation or time period, describing typical alien abductions, comparing magazine approaches to ufology, and producing a research plan.

Student Background and Geography The course operates on an 'open access' policy, allowing anyone to participate. Students can choose to study for pleasure or to gain a qualification. Approximately 70-80% of attending students attempt the assignments. The student body is diverse, with the majority based in the Southampton area but also including students from Scotland, Wales, the Republic of Ireland, Northern Ireland, Sweden, Belgium, and Australia. The course is also offered as a correspondence course.

Funding and Future Prospects The course is not government-funded and relies on student payments to cover costs. The Local Education Authority provides minimal funding. This financial model makes it difficult to recruit students, as a recognized A-Level can be obtained for a similar or slightly higher cost. The paper highlights the 'transferable skills' gained from the course, such as analytical and critical skills, but notes that the lack of higher-level progression courses (e.g., a degree in Ufology) prevents government funding. The college intends to continue offering the course, with the correspondence option showing increasing numbers, but acknowledges the challenges posed by increasing costs and the need for potential expansion into other European nations.

Analysis of Submissions to the European Journal of UFO and Abduction Studies Pages 110-111 present an analysis by Craig A. Roberts of submissions to the European Journal of UFO and Abduction Studies, created in March 1999. The analysis covers the number and type of submissions, geographical spread, outcome, content, and review times.

Submission Statistics As of pre-June 2000, 26 papers, 5 FORUM debate articles, 3 debate replies, 2 news items, and 1 book review were submitted. The topics covered include Electromagnetism, Trends data analysis, Declassification, Extraterrestrial approach, MILABS - Military Mind Control, Research methods, Case study, Earthlights, Physics, Ancient Astronaut, Ball lightning, Education, Psychological angles, and Miscellaneous matters.

Geographical Distribution and Outcome The geographical distribution shows a strong dominance of UK authors, with 24 submissions from the United Kingdom, followed by Italy (6), Spain (4), Austria (3), Norway (2), France (1), Romania (1), and Germany (1). The outcome of submissions indicates an acceptance rate of 36%, with 9 papers accepted, 4 revised and re-submitted, 7 rejected, and 6 currently under review. One paper was withdrawn by the author.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance The document consistently emphasizes the academic and research-oriented approach to ufology. The creation of a formal educational qualification and the analysis of academic journal submissions highlight a drive to legitimize ufology as a field of study. The editorial stance appears to be one of promoting rigorous research, critical analysis, and the development of transferable skills within the context of ufology. There is a clear concern for the financial sustainability of educational programs in this field, despite their academic merit and accreditation.

This issue of UFO Magazine, dated November 1998, features a cover story titled "Alien Abductions, Sleep Paralysis and the Temporal Lobe" by Susan Blackmore. The magazine also includes a lengthy letter from Albert Budden responding to a review of his book "Electric UFOs" and discussing the electromagnetic pollution theory.

Alien Abductions, Sleep Paralysis and the Temporal Lobe by Susan Blackmore

Susan Blackmore's article presents research investigating the phenomenon of alien abductions. The study involved twelve 'alien abductees' who were given the Personal Philosophy Inventory (measuring temporal lobe lability) and a questionnaire about sleep experiences. They were compared with twelve matched controls and a student control group (n=51).

The findings indicated no differences in temporal lobe lability between the groups. However, the abductees reported sleep paralysis significantly more often than the control groups. This suggests that alien abductions may be a modern manifestation of sleep paralysis myths rather than being directly linked to temporal lobe abnormalities.

The introduction to the article notes the prevalence of abduction accounts, citing figures from polls and books by Hopkins and Strieber, while also cautioning that these figures might be overestimates. A typical abduction account is described, including common elements such as lights, sounds, anxiety, transportation into a craft, and examinations. The aliens are often depicted as grey, about four feet high, with large heads and black almond-shaped eyes.

The article addresses the lack of physical evidence for abductions, noting that reported 'implants' often disappear or are identified as normal biological material or dental amalgam. It also discusses research that found no evidence of serious psychopathology in UFO witnesses, with some studies even showing lower psychopathology and higher intelligence in experiencers compared to control groups.

Newman & Baumeister (1996) are cited for their cognitive explanation of abduction memories, suggesting that hypnosis and the desire to explain unusual experiences can lead to the construction of such memories. Persinger and Makarec (1987) and Persinger and Valliant (1985) are mentioned for their work suggesting that mystical experiences, psychic experiences, and paranormal beliefs are associated with unstable temporal lobes or high temporal lobe lability.

However, Blackmore's study found that the UFO non-immigrant group had only green lights in the sky. The UFO intensity group had been crash-crashed up or experienced contacts with an alien but only two claimed to have been taken in a spaceship. Therefore, this study did not adequately test for temporal lobe lability in abductees.

The main alternative theory presented is that abductions are related to sleep paralysis, which occurs in about 30% of the population. The article notes that abductions are often reported at night and that many 'intense' UFO reports were sleep related, with experiencers reporting similar symptoms to sleep paralysis.

The method section details the recruitment of participants (5 men and 7 women aged 20-69) and the use of three questionnaires: one for abduction experiences, the Personal Philosophy Inventory, and a final questionnaire about sleep experiences. Two control groups were used: a matched control group and a student control group.

The results section reiterates that there were no significant differences in temporal lobe lability scores between the groups. However, sleep paralysis was reported significantly more often by abductees, particularly the night-time group, compared to both matched and student controls. Abductees also reported more sleep disturbances, nightmares, and out-of-body experiences.

The discussion section concludes that the results strongly support the link between alien abductions and sleep paralysis, suggesting it might be a modern form of sleep paralysis myth. The authors acknowledge the possibility that real aliens could be involved but suggest that understanding the psychological origins of the experience makes this alternative less likely.

Comments re. Manso's "review" of "Electric UFOs" by Albert Budden

Albert Budden writes in response to a review of his book "Electric UFOs - Fireballs, Electromagnetics and Abnormal States" by Luis R. Gonzalez Manso. Budden asserts that Manso did not properly read or understand his book, making numerous factual errors.

Budden specifically addresses Manso's claim that the book is based on 'secret works of Nikola Tesla' for electromagnetic levitation. Budden clarifies that while Tesla coils are used, the Hutchison effect, discovered by John Hutchison, also involves other electrical devices. He states there are no 'secret works' by Tesla referenced and that the Hutchison effect has been widely documented on national television and by film crews since 1981.

Budden offers to provide a two-hour tape of unedited material of the Hutchison device in action to anyone interested. He also mentions that the Los Alamos National Laboratory and the Max Planck Institute have analyzed Hutchison's work.

Regarding Manso's assertion that Budden champions the EM pollution approach 'almost alone', Budden argues that many scientists and academics contribute to or endorse this approach. He explains that he developed it as a unified theory and points to Professor Michael Persinger's work on the effects of geophysical fields on temporal lobes as an example of supporting research. Budden notes that Persinger subscribed to his newsletter and requested his books.

Budden also includes quotes from Dr. Jacques Vallee and Professor Kenneth Ring, who expressed positive views on his approach. Ring independently found a link between electromagnetic hypersensitivity and abductees.

Budden further mentions researchers Dr. William Roll and Dr. Dean Radin, who have reached similar conclusions regarding 'hauntings' and magnetic fields. He also references the 'Ultrascience' TV documentary which featured Hutchison and the Hutchison effect.

Budden criticizes Manso's 'review' for its 'sneering and mocking tone' and suggests that Manso is resistant to the EM pollution approach because it challenges his existing beliefs.

Budden then addresses Manso's comments on '25 Questions', which are diagnostic inquiries for EM hot spots. Budden explains that these questions are presented because the characteristics they identify occur consistently across populations of CE4 experiencers. He argues that Manso's objections are not based on the validity of his findings but on a personal dislike of them.

Budden defines an 'EM hot spot' according to the World Health Organisation as a location with significantly elevated electric and/or magnetic fields. He refutes Manso's implication that investigators always find fields from common household appliances, stating that experienced investigators can distinguish anomalous readings. He emphasizes the importance of full dosimetric surveys over extended periods.

Budden concludes that Manso's attempt to counter his findings stems from a fear of the EM pollution movement shifting the ground beneath his ideological feet.

Time lag in reviews

This section, appearing on page 112, states that the median time lag for papers requiring reviewing is 6 weeks (range 1-22 weeks). It is envisaged that this review process will occur every 12 months.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue revolve around the psychological and physical explanations for alleged alien abductions, with a particular focus on the role of sleep paralysis and the emerging theory of electromagnetic pollution. The editorial stance appears to be open to unconventional explanations for UFO phenomena, as evidenced by the publication of research on sleep paralysis and the detailed defense of the electromagnetic pollution theory, which challenges mainstream scientific views. The magazine seems to support researchers who are exploring these alternative hypotheses and provides a platform for debate and discussion within the UFO community.

Title: European Journal of UFO and Abduction Studies
Issue Date: 1994 (Volume 5)
Publisher: TRUTH (The Totton Researchers of Ufology Theory and History)
Country of Publication: England
Language: English

This issue of the European Journal of UFO and Abduction Studies focuses on providing comprehensive guidelines for potential contributors. The journal aims to foster a closer European UFO community and welcomes a broad spectrum of research and ideas related to UFO and abduction phenomena.

Submission Guidelines

The journal is open to a wide range of topics and perspectives, encouraging submissions that explore:

• Theoretical Issues: Assessing the validity of existing theories, expanding on them, or presenting new theoretical ideas.
• Historical Issues: Examining the historical progression of UFO and abduction phenomena or ancient accounts.
• Empirical Studies: Reporting on primary research and data analysis, including studies on attitudes towards UFO phenomena.
• Methodological and Investigation Issues: Evaluating current investigative techniques and suggesting new ones.
• Cultural Issues: Investigating whether aspects of ufology are culturally unique or universal.
• Commentaries: Assessing notions published by other authors in the journal.

Authors whose papers are accepted in the main categories will receive a free copy of the journal. For articles accepted in the Research Noticeboard or Reviews sections, no free copy will be provided.

Research Noticeboard

This section is designed to facilitate communication among researchers, enabling collaboration and discussion. It will also include calls for research assistance.

Reviews

Publishers and broadcasting companies can submit books and videos for review. This section aims to provide an objective assessment of the items.

Ethical Considerations

Articles that involve research with human participants must strictly adhere to ethical guidelines. This includes the guidelines set forth by the British Psychological Society or the American Psychological Association, and specifically the "Ethics Code for Abduction Experience Investigation and Treatment" as published in the Journal of UFO Studies, Vol 5 (1994).

Research deemed ethically dubious will not be reviewed or published. If individuals' names are to be used, written consent must be obtained and submitted with the article. Pseudonyms are permissible if clearly indicated.

Submission Process

Submissions should be sent to Craig Roberts, Editor of EJUFOAS, at the following address:

UFO Studies, Totton College, Water Lane, Totton, Southampton, SO40 3ZX, England.

Alternatively, submissions can be made via electronic mail to: [email protected].

Postal Submissions:

• Submissions should be in triplicate on A4 paper.
• A front sheet must include the paper's title and the author(s) full address (postal and e-mail if applicable).
• The paper will then undergo a blind peer review by three members of the editorial board.

Electronic Mail Submissions:

• Two separate e-mails are required.
• The first e-mail should contain the paper's title and author(s) addresses.
• The second e-mail should contain the paper itself, along with any images and figures, preferably in text form or Microsoft Word compatible format.
• The paper will then undergo a blind peer review by three members of the editorial board.

Reference Section and Citation Style

All papers must include a complete reference section detailing authors, titles of works, volumes (if applicable), and publication years. The journal prefers a specific citation style, with detailed examples provided for:

• Citing Articles: Example provided for Hickman, McConkey III, and Barrett (1995/6) regarding UFO news coverage in the New York Times.
• Citing Books: Example provided for Nagaitis and Mantle (1994) on missing-time and abduction phenomena in the UK.
• Citing Chapters from Books: Example provided for Wagstaff (1986) on hypnosis as compliance and belief.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The journal's stance is objective, aiming to provide an outlet for a broad spectrum of views on UFO and abduction phenomena. It encourages rigorous research and ethical practices, emphasizing the importance of proper citation and peer review. The editorial focus is on bringing the European UFO community closer and facilitating scholarly discussion in the field.