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El Ojo Critico - No 83-84 - Junio 2017

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Title: EL OJO CRÍTICO Issue: 83-84 Date: June 2017 Publisher: GRUPO FENIX Country: ESPAÑA Type: Magazine Issue

Magazine Overview

Title: EL OJO CRÍTICO
Issue: 83-84
Date: June 2017
Publisher: GRUPO FENIX
Country: ESPAÑA
Type: Magazine Issue

This issue of EL OJO CRÍTICO, a publication dedicated to research for investigators, presents a comprehensive exploration of various enigmatic topics, with a strong emphasis on parapsychology, ufology, and historical mysteries. The cover highlights a special dossier on the life and work of Jacobo Grinberg, an exclusive investigation into 'The Crime of Luna 16', and an interview with Dr. Annette Mülberger (CSIC) regarding the history of the paranormal in Spain. It also features an interview with Rudoph Smith on astrology and science.

Editorial: Parapsychology is Scientific or it is Not Parapsychology

The editorial, authored by Manuel Carballal, addresses the redundancy of the term 'scientific parapsychology' by asserting that parapsychology is either scientific or it is not parapsychology at all. It aims to differentiate serious, critical, and rigorous parapsychological research from sensationalist, media-driven portrayals often found in popular culture. The editorial criticizes the 'chichinabo' (low-quality) parapsychology that relies on fear-mongering, exaggerated claims, and pseudo-scientific jargon, contrasting it with the painstaking, laboratory-based work of dedicated researchers. It highlights the challenges faced by these researchers, who are often ridiculed by the 'scientific community' and misunderstood by their peers, yet continue to advance the study of consciousness using scientific methods. The editorial champions those who adapt the scientific method to study anomalies, rather than dismissing the possibility of such phenomena. It contrasts these researchers with media personalities and emphasizes their motivation as a passion for knowledge rather than fame or prestige, citing figures like Dr. Alfredo Bonavida, José Antonio Lamich, and Dr. Jacobo Grinberg as exemplars.

Dossier Especial: Vida y obra de Jacobo Grinberg

The magazine dedicates a significant portion to Jacobo Grinberg, a prominent figure in the field. The content includes an interview with his daughter, Estusha Grinberg, and his first assistant, Ruth Lorenzo, shedding light on his legacy. It also features an interview with I. Cuellar about the 'Grinberg mystery' and explores the CIA's involvement in parapsychological research. The dossier covers Grinberg's work and its impact on the field.

Special Parapsychology Section

This section delves into various aspects of parapsychology, including its scientific investigation, a proposed model of neuroparapsychology, the influence of bias on testimony, mediumship experimentation in Spain, and the relationship between anthropology and parapsychology. It also includes a bibliography, videography, and audiotape list related to PSI phenomena. A key article discusses the disappearance of Dr. Grinberg and the legacy of Amira Valle and Leah Bella.

Exclusive Investigation: The Crime of Luna 16

This investigative piece revisits the case of the 'Crime of Luna 16', exploring its origins and initial investigations. It delves into the history of 'contactism' in Spain, particularly the 'Ummo' phenomenon, which involved alleged communications from extraterrestrial beings. The article traces the early involvement of Fernando Sesma Manzano and Manuel Salazar, highlighting their research into purported messages and sightings related to the 'Ummo' civilization. It also touches upon the tragic murder of a tailor's family and his subsequent suicide, linking it to the broader context of the Ummo case.

The Esoteric Tourism and a Mayor with a Hard Face: Bugarach and the Business of the End of the World

This extensive article examines the phenomenon surrounding Bugarach, a small French village that became a focal point for predictions of the Mayan apocalypse in 2012. It details how the village was promoted as a potential refuge, attracting a significant influx of tourists and media attention. The article explores the role of the local mayor, Jean-Pierre Delord, in publicizing the phenomenon, suggesting it was partly a strategy to boost local tourism and economy. It discusses the historical context of apocalyptic beliefs, including the tragic events associated with the Ordre du Temple Solaire, and the various theories and individuals who contributed to the Bugarach myth, such as Jean D'Argoun and Elizabeth Van Buren. The piece critically analyzes the sensationalism surrounding the event and its eventual anticlimax when the world did not end.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue include the rigorous scientific investigation of paranormal phenomena, the critique of sensationalism and pseudoscience in media and popular culture, and the exploration of historical mysteries and esoteric beliefs. The editorial stance is clearly in favor of a critical, evidence-based approach to parapsychology and ufology, distinguishing it from unfounded claims and media hype. The magazine champions the pursuit of knowledge through scientific methods and encourages readers to be discerning and avoid manipulation. There is a consistent effort to debunk myths and expose fraudulent claims while respecting genuine research efforts in the field.

Title: EL CRITICO
Issue: 14
Volume: 1
Issue Date: November 1988
Publisher: EL CRITICO
Country: Spain
Language: Spanish
Price: 2 pts
Cover Headline: LA LEYENDA DEL SASTRECILLO VALIENTE

This issue of EL CRITICO delves into the legend of the 'Valiant Tailor,' a classic Grimm fairy tale, and connects it to a disturbing real-life crime. It also explores themes of parapsychology, UFOs, and historical investigations.

The Legend of the Valiant Tailor and the Madrid Parricide

The issue retells the fairy tale of the 'Valiant Tailor' (Sastrecillo Valiente), a poor tailor who, after killing seven flies with one blow, boasts of his feat and embarks on a series of extraordinary adventures, eventually marrying a princess. The article then draws a parallel to the case of José María Ruiz, a tailor from Madrid who lived at C/. Luna-16. According to neighbors, he was known as the 'valiant tailor.' The narrative of the fairy tale is presented, highlighting the tailor's initial poverty, his dream of fame and riches, and his accidental killing of seven flies. This leads to his boastful 'Maté Siete de un Golpe' ('I Killed Seven With One Blow') inscription, which gains him notoriety. He is then summoned by the King to defeat two giants threatening the kingdom. The tailor cleverly tricks the giants into fighting each other, leading to their incapacitation and his subsequent reward and marriage to the princess.

The article then shifts to the real-life tragedy involving José María Ruiz Martínez. It notes the coincidence of the number of victims (seven) in both the fairy tale and the real-life event, if the perpetrator is included. The author suggests that Ruiz's nickname might have had a darker, more profound meaning. Investigators, including Salazar and Bruno Cardeñosa, looked into the case. They interviewed neighbors who described Ruiz as a man of order, but also noted his association with 'strange companies' after starting construction on a chalet in Villalba. There's speculation about 'Ummites' or clandestine groups manipulating Ruiz and Fernando Sesma, linking it to the 'Ummo affair.'

The Crime on Antonio Grilo Street

This section details the horrific events of May 1, 1962, on Antonio Grilo street in Madrid. José María Ruiz murdered his wife, Dolores Bermúdez Fernández, and their five children: Susana (18 months), Adelita (12), José María (10), Juan Carlos (7), and María Dolores (14). The crime was discovered when Ruiz appeared on the balcony holding his infant son's body and confessed to killing them all. The porter, Genoveva Martín, alerted the authorities. Ruiz refused to open the door, asking for a priest. He eventually committed suicide by shooting himself before police could apprehend him. The forensic report confirmed multiple stab wounds and blunt force trauma.

The article also touches upon the judicial investigation led by Judge Luis Cabrerizo Botija. It mentions Ruiz's obsession with building a chalet in Villalba, which led to financial problems and strained relationships with contractors. Psychiatrist Dr. Aniceto Fernández-Armayor had treated Ruiz in June 1961 for symptoms of depression and apathy, diagnosing him with 'circular psychosis' (manic-depressive states). Ruiz had expressed suicidal thoughts, wanting to free himself and his family from suffering.

The Julián Grimau Case

This section briefly discusses the case of Julián Grimau García, a communist leader arrested in November 1962. The article highlights the role of Judge Luis Cabrerizo Botija, who also presided over the Grimau case. Grimau allegedly fell from a height of six meters from the Dirección General de Seguridad (DGS) building, with authorities claiming it was a suicide attempt, while opposition sources suggested he was pushed. An investigation by British lawyer Richard G. Freeman revealed inconsistencies and evasiveness from Spanish authorities, including Minister Manuel Fraga Iribarne. Despite initial claims that Grimau would face a civil trial, he was ultimately tried by a military tribunal and executed in April 1963.

Other Crimes and Investigations

The issue also mentions other incidents in the building at Antonio Grilo street, including an unsolved murder of a shirtmaker in 1945 and an infanticide in 1964, leading to the building being labeled as 'cursed.'

Fernando Sesma and UFO Messages

This part of the magazine focuses on Fernando Sesma, a telegraph operator known for his interest in UFOs and alleged contact with extraterrestrials since the 1940s. Sesma reported receiving messages from 'Luna-16,' which he believed contained personal details only he would know. The article discusses his experiences, including seeing UFOs and receiving messages with cryptic verses. It also mentions his founding of the 'Sociedad de Amigos de los Visitantes del Espacio' (Society of Friends of Space Visitors). The author, following the work of Víctor Zalbidea, suggests a possible connection between Sesma's experiences and the mental state of José María Ruiz, noting that Sesma received a message from Luna-16 on the same day Ruiz visited his psychiatrist.

Interview with Annette Mülberger

Annette Mülberger, a historian of science, is interviewed about her book 'Los límites de la ciencia: Espiritismo, hipnotismo y el estudio de los fenómenos paranormales (1850-1930).' She discusses her motivation for studying these 'borderline' topics from a historical perspective, emphasizing the importance of understanding how scientific consensus is formed and challenged. Mülberger highlights the historical interest in spiritism and parapsychology, even among scientists, and the role of figures like Allan Kardec. She notes the Spanish context, including the founding of spiritist societies and the Church's opposition.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The issue consistently explores the intersection of the mundane and the extraordinary, the rational and the irrational. It delves into true crime cases, psychological disturbances, and the enduring human fascination with the paranormal and unexplained phenomena like UFOs. The editorial stance appears to be one of investigative journalism, seeking to uncover the facts behind sensational events and historical curiosities, while acknowledging the complexities and ambiguities involved. There's a clear interest in historical research, particularly concerning the occult, parapsychology, and societal responses to these phenomena. The magazine also touches upon political events, such as the Grimau case, within the broader context of Spanish history.

This issue of 'El Ojo Crítico' (The Critical Eye), identified as a special edition, delves into two primary areas: the life and work of a significant spiritualist figure and the scientific investigation of parapsychology. The cover prominently features the headline "LA MÉDIUM QUE PREDICÓ LA CARIDAD" (The Medium Who Preached Charity), highlighting Amalia Domingo Soler.

Amalia Domingo Soler: A Medium of Charity and Ethics

The article introduces Amalia Domingo Soler (1835-1909) as one of the most respected figures in Spanish spiritualism. Born into poverty in Seville, she was drawn to spiritualist philosophy and became a charismatic leader of the Kardecian movement, emphasizing its ethical aspects. Soler stated her belief in spiritualism was based more on its moralizing influence than its phenomena. From 1879, she directed the magazine 'La Luz del Porvenir' (The Light of the Future), aimed at women, promoting moral values and aid for the disadvantaged. She authored several influential books, including 'El espiritismo refutando los errores del catolicismo romano' (1880) and '¡Te perdono! Memorias de un espíritu' (1904). According to Dr. Mülberger, despite her frail health, Soler actively fought for women's dignity, a new educational system, and improved working conditions.

In 1889, alongside Teresa Claramunt (an anarcho-syndicalist) and Ángeles López de Ayala (a member of a Masonic group), she co-founded the Sociedad Autónoma de Mujeres de Barcelona (Autonomous Society of Women of Barcelona).

The Conflict Between Spiritism and the Catholic Church

The issue details the immediate and strong opposition from the Catholic clergy to the burgeoning spiritualist movement. The clergy viewed spiritualism as a heresy and attributed messages from séances to the devil, strictly prohibiting Catholic attendance. While acknowledging the supernatural, they saw it as a dangerous threat to their dogma. Despite this, there was a syncretism between Catholicism and spiritism. An example cited is an auto-da-fé in Barcelona's Ciudadela Park in 1861, where Bishop Antoni Palau i Térmens ordered the public burning of confiscated Kardecian books. However, such acts reportedly had the opposite effect, inciting protests like "Down with the Inquisition!" and increasing interest in the forbidden literature.

Progressive and Liberal Influences on Spiritism

In the early 20th century, progressive and liberal political trends, particularly those advocating for freethought and opposing ecclesiastical authority, contributed to the expansion of spiritism, which was considered a rational creed. The Catholic Church's frontal attacks on the movement also fostered unity among various social groups aligned with freethought, including labor movements, Freemasons, and others. The shared goal of establishing an educational system alternative to the Church's strengthened their bonds and necessitated collaboration.

The Boom of Spiritism in Spain

Catalonia experienced a significant rise in spiritism in the latter half of the 19th century. The social boom of spiritism in Spain occurred in waves. The first wave in Europe between 1852 and 1853 coincided with medical concerns about a 'social epidemic' of table-turning séances. A few years later, in 1857, Allan Kardec's book provided a new framework for séances. It is estimated that around 48,000 copies were sold, and the Second Spiritist Congress gathered 30,000 followers worldwide. Despite being a minority and often prohibited movement, many Spaniards across social classes felt curiosity about spiritist writings or participated in séances during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Connections with Other Esoteric Movements

The article highlights connections between spiritism and other movements like Freemasonry, evidenced by the founding of the Grande Oriente Espiritista in 1891. It also notes links with theosophy, Krausism, and the Kabbalah. Common characteristics among these movements, including Swedenborgianism, Rosicrucianism, and occultism, are the blend of philosophy and religion, esotericism, and a focus on the relevance of invisible and spiritual forces.

While theosophy, led by Madame Blavatsky, was often elitist and focused on hermetic culture, spiritism was more open and didactic, aiming to reach all minds, as exemplified by Kardec's works. Krausism, rooted in Kantian idealism, acquired ethical connotations in Spain through Christianity, aligning with spiritism's emphasis on ethics.

Parapsychology: A Scientific Investigation

Pages 2-10 of the magazine are dedicated to a comprehensive exploration of parapsychology as a scientific discipline. It begins by introducing key figures like Manuel Sanz y Benito, a professor of Metaphysics and Logic, who was a significant disseminator of spiritism and believed in the pre-existence and immortality of souls through reincarnation. Other notable figures include Viscount Antonio de Torres Solanot, known for his organizational skills and ability to convey spiritist ideas, and Amalia Domingo Soler, whose spiritual messages offered hope and a non-punitive view of God through reincarnation.

The article contrasts spiritism with the Catholic Church's stance, noting the Church's condemnation of spiritist practices and its inclusion of spiritist texts in the Index of Forbidden Books. This conflict, however, fostered alliances between anticlericals, including spiritualists, anarchists, and Freemasons.

Scientific Hypotheses on Paranormal Phenomena

Scientists investigating metapsychical phenomena proposed various explanations. Some attributed them to collective hallucination and suggestion. Others, however, believed they resulted from physical or mental forces, possibly unknown. Chemist William Crookes hypothesized an invisible 'psychic force' emanating from the body, capable of moving objects. Psychologist F.W.H. Myers suggested a second, powerful personality within the unconscious. Physiologist Charles Richet proposed the existence of etheric waves connecting intelligence and matter.

Dr. Mülberger notes the scarcity of documentation for private spiritist sessions, contrasting it with the availability of information on public demonstrations. She highlights the value of public libraries in Spain for research but points out that investigations are often dominated by the perspectives of scientists and prominent spiritualists, silencing the voices of mediums and other participants.

Defining Parapsychology

Parapsychology is defined as the scientific investigation of "paranormal phenomena." However, the scientific definition, as provided by the Parapsychological Association (PA), focuses on "apparent anomalies of behavior and experience that exist alongside, or apart from, the currently known explanatory mechanisms accounting for the flow of information and influence between organism and environment, or between organism and organism." This definition emphasizes the scientific approach, avoiding a priori assumptions of paranormal origins. The PA, founded in 1957, is an international professional organization for scientists studying psi experiences like telepathy, clairvoyance, remote viewing, psychokinesis, and precognition.

Scope and Methodology of Parapsychology

Parapsychology investigates three basic domains: extrasensory perception (ESP), psychokinesis (PK), and the survival hypothesis. The article clarifies that terms like "paranormal" are used cautiously, and research focuses on investigating the underlying processes of these experiences, regardless of whether they are ultimately deemed paranormal. The scientific approach involves rigorous experimentation, conceptual models, and field research, often conducted in universities and accredited research centers.

Key Concepts and Research Areas

ESP (Extrasensory Perception): Direct acquisition of information without mediation of known senses or logical inference. This includes telepathy, clairvoyance, and precognition. The term GESP (General ESP) is used for data reflecting unknown components of these phenomena.
PK (Psychokinesis): The apparent effect of the mind on matter, where an individual's intention or preference influences physical structures without known physical mechanisms. This is divided into macro-PK (observable effects) and micro-PK (effects verified through statistical analysis).
DMILS (Direct Mental Interaction with Living Systems): Studies investigating PK's influence on living organisms.
Survival Hypothesis ('Survey'): The notion that some element of human existence survives physical death, including studies of alleged communications with the deceased through mediums, near-death experiences, out-of-body experiences, and reincarnation.

Research Methodologies

The article discusses various research methods, including:
Forced-choice response methods: Subjects choose from a limited set of alternatives (e.g., Zener cards).
Free-response methods: Subjects provide responses without predefined options, allowing for more complex expression (e.g., drawing).

It notes the challenges in parapsychological research, such as the difficulty in replicating phenomena consistently and the lack of a comprehensive theoretical framework to explain the collected data. The concept of psi as a "weak signal" is discussed, along with the ongoing debate about its nature and the need for a new paradigm to normalize and understand the psychic realm.

Distinguishing Parapsychology from Pseudoscience

The article emphasizes that parapsychology is distinct from astrology, UFOlogy, Bigfoot investigations, and other pseudoscientific or esoteric practices. While popular culture often conflates these, academic parapsychology adheres to scientific methodology, seeking rational explanations and avoiding unsubstantiated claims.

Historical Context and Key Researchers

The history of parapsychology is traced back to mid-19th century Germany with investigations into "videntes" (seers). The formation of The Society for Psychical Research in 1882 marked a significant step in organizing research. Prominent researchers mentioned include Hans Bender, J.B. Rhine, LL Vasiliev, Charles T. Tart, Michael Persinger, and Alejandro Parra. In Spain, José Antonio Lamich, Josep Maria Casas Huguet, and Francisco J. Máñez are noted.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine consistently promotes a scientific approach to understanding anomalous phenomena, distinguishing it from pseudoscience and superstition. There is a clear emphasis on historical context, the ethical dimensions of spiritualism, and the challenges and methodologies of parapsychological research. The editorial stance appears to be one of critical inquiry, seeking evidence-based understanding of both spiritualist movements and paranormal experiences. The role of women in spiritualism and the historical conflicts with established religious institutions are also recurring themes.

Title: Parapsicología Científica
Issue: 31
Volume: 3
Date: June 30, 1976
Publisher: Sociedad Universitaria para la Investigación Científica
Country: Spain
Language: Spanish

This issue of "Parapsicología Científica" presents a comprehensive exploration of research methodologies and findings within the field of parapsychology. It highlights a novel approach called neuroparapsychology, discusses the importance of meta-analysis and replicability, and introduces tools for assessing the credibility of reported anomalous experiences.

A New Research Model: Neuroparapsychology

The magazine introduces "Neuroparapsychology" as a novel research model within scientific parapsychology. This model integrates techniques from neuroscience and psychology for both laboratory and field investigations. Its primary objective is not necessarily to verify anomalous phenomena but to offer an alternative method for parapsychological research. This procedure comprises three basic techniques:

1. Neurofeedback of Relaxation: This technique involves automatic recording and analysis of brain electrical activity. Its main goal is to teach the brain to achieve and maintain an altered state of consciousness through relaxation and biofeedback, using a video game interface that the subject interacts with using their mind.
2. Neurohypnosis: This technique follows principles similar to clinical hypnosis and relaxation techniques, aiming to induce an altered state of consciousness. It combines neurotechnology tools (EEG, neurostimulation, voice modulation) with psychological techniques (flotation, breathing control, progressive muscle relaxation, clinical hypnosis).
3. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS): This technique, part of neuromodulation, aims to alter neuronal membrane potential using a weak direct current. It is employed to temporarily increase mental activation, inducing a special state of mind.

The definition of altered states of consciousness is discussed, noting the controversy surrounding the term. These states are characterized by high attentional focus, a certain disconnection from the environment, and high suggestibility. Hypnotic trance is described as a state of intense attention, often associated with relaxation but achievable through rhythmic movements.

Meta-Analysis and Replicability

A significant portion of the issue is dedicated to the debate surrounding the reality of psi phenomena, focusing on the replicability of laboratory results. Meta-analysis is presented as a key technique for objectively assessing trends in results across multiple studies. The article notes that recent meta-analyses in parapsychology have shown significant support for psi hypotheses, even with increased experimental controls. It highlights that, unlike many other disciplines, parapsychology journals have historically emphasized the publication of null results and critical articles, demonstrating a commitment to scientific rigor.

The meta-analyses suggest that the effect sizes observed are relatively small and the phenomena are not easily produced on demand, a characteristic shared with complex phenomena in other disciplines like psychology and medicine. The article references numerous studies and meta-analyses supporting this view.

Parapsychology and the Study of Paranormal Beliefs

The scientific orientation in parapsychology requires experiments to be as impermeable as possible to the researcher's beliefs, unless those beliefs are part of the study itself. The investigation of beliefs in the paranormal is considered legitimate, regardless of whether the paranormal exists. Such research can aid empirical investigation into the authenticity of psi and may help understand how beliefs can influence the interpretation of events or lead to the dismissal of contradictory information.

The article outlines three main consequences arising from the fact that much research on paranormal beliefs, especially in its origins, was conducted by researchers outside the field of parapsychology:

1. A tendency among detractors to link paranormal belief with negative psychological characteristics.
2. Evidence that responses to paranormal belief questionnaires can be influenced by contextual factors, such as the perceived skepticism of the researcher.
3. Substantial variation in what is defined as paranormal belief, leading to difficulties in comparing studies. The authors stress the importance of understanding how "paranormal" is defined in each study.

Conclusions on Parapsychology

Parapsychology is presented as a legitimate field of scientific study, distinct from popular notions. While research has yielded interesting results supporting the psi hypothesis or mechanisms for accessing information beyond known means, the authors suggest redefining the psi hypothesis to focus on information, consciousness, and new explanatory models. The seriousness and rigor of decades of research make parapsychology a significant field for the study of consciousness itself.

The BMI-RT Battery for Detecting Incoherence/Bias

A substantial part of the magazine is dedicated to the development and validation of the "Batería de Mentiras e Incoherencias Reestructurada" (BMI-RT), a psychometric tool designed to explore psychological and declarative distorters in individuals reporting anomalous experiences. The article details the theoretical framework, the development of the battery, its statistical justification, and its application.

Introduction: The BMI-RT is presented as a multidimensional construct relevant in forensic contexts due to its importance in assessing the quality of testimonies. It aims to provide scientific guarantees by controlling variables to distinguish between deception and manipulation.

Methodology and Participants: The study involved 558 participants from Barcelona, Spain, with a detailed breakdown of their demographics and educational levels. A significant portion (54.3%) reported having experienced paranormal phenomena. The study employed a multivariate design, specifically an Exploratory Factor Analysis of Principal Components, to analyze the BMI-RT's internal structure. The battery consists of 31 items across four components: Incoherencias (K), Mentiras (L), Creencias Supersticiosas (Cs), and Conductas Extravagantes (Ce).

Results: The factor analysis revealed a four-dimensional structure for the BMI-RT, with components explaining 79.606% of the variance. The reliability analysis, using Cronbach's Alpha coefficients, showed results significantly above the recommended levels, indicating excellent internal consistency. The study also established normative scales for two groups: experimenters (those who believe they have experienced paranormal phenomena) and non-experimenters. Statistical analysis, including t-tests and Cohen's d, indicated significant differences between these groups, suggesting the BMI-RT can differentiate between them.

Discussion: The discussion highlights that the BMI-RT exhibits a tetradimensional scalar structure with defined factorial saturations that discriminate between the identified components. The components align conceptually with theoretical proposals regarding social desirability, superstitious beliefs, extravagant behaviors, and incoherence. The study emphasizes the importance of controlling for psychological distorters in research, particularly in the field of parapsychology, to ensure the validity of findings.

Science and Mystery

This section reflects on the relationship between parapsychology and mainstream science. It notes that phenomena like UFOs and others often remain at the periphery of university acceptance. However, it also points to efforts to integrate parapsychology into academic discourse, citing a course in Madrid attended by prominent scientists who did not dismiss the field. Dr. Rodríguez Delgado is quoted lamenting Spain's underdeveloped state in psychology and parapsychology, urging scientists to remain open to exploring phenomena and demonstrating the laws that might govern them.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue revolve around the scientific investigation of anomalous phenomena, the development and validation of research methodologies, and the critical examination of evidence and beliefs. The magazine advocates for a rigorous, scientific approach to parapsychology, distinguishing it from sensationalism and pseudoscience. There is a clear emphasis on methodological rigor, statistical analysis, and the importance of controlling for psychological biases and potential fraud. The editorial stance appears to be one of promoting parapsychology as a legitimate, albeit challenging, scientific discipline that warrants further serious investigation into the nature of consciousness and information beyond conventional understanding.

This issue of "Parapsicología Científica" (Scientific Parapsychology), under the "EXCLUSIVA EOC" special edition, focuses on the historical development of psychical research in Spain, particularly concerning the study of mediums and the influence of magic and the paranormal. The cover prominently features an interview with Ramón Mayrata, an authority on the cultural evolution of illusionism, discussing his book "Fantasmagoría: magia, terror, mito y ciencia." The issue delves into the period between 1888 and 1931, exploring the scientific, social, and cultural contexts that shaped the study of anomalous phenomena in Spain.

The Science of the Medium: Psychical Research in Spain (1888-1931)

This section, authored by Andrea Graus, presents a summary of her doctoral thesis on the experimentation with mediums in Spain. It highlights that psychical research in Spain predated parapsychology in the United States and was characterized by a focus on spiritist mediums, with efforts to implement controls against fraud and obtain material evidence. The research identified a scarcity of Spanish scientists interested in this field, necessitating extensive use of primary sources to identify key historical figures. The study is structured around four case studies, reflecting the individual efforts rather than an organized movement in Spain.

Key Researchers and Their Contributions

The article discusses several key figures:
Josep Comas i Solá: An astronomer who conducted experiments with medium Carmen Domínguez. His work highlighted the challenges of laboratory settings and the difficulty of provoking phenomena at will. He also faced conflicts with spiritists regarding the interpretation of evidence.
Manuel Otero Acevedo: A doctor who studied Eusapia Palladino, marking the first systematic study of mediumship by a Spanish scientist. He initially held materialistic views but later abandoned them due to the phenomena observed. His work aimed to legitimize psychical research through material evidence and rigorous discourse.
Victor Melcior and Humbert Torres: Doctors who explored the psychological aspects of mediumship, often influenced by French theories like Pierre Janet's concept of subconscious personalities. Melcior, in particular, studied Teresa Esquius, attempting to address her phenomena through hypnotic therapy and the concept of an "exteriorized double."

The Role of Spiritism and the "Latin Tradition"

The issue emphasizes the significant influence of spiritism, particularly the doctrines of Allan Kardec, on psychical research in Spain. The "Latin tradition" of psychical research, influenced by French thinkers like Pierre Janet and Charles Richet, played a crucial role. Spanish researchers often cited French and English authors, reflecting an international context. The close ties between psychical research and spiritism meant that researchers often had to engage with the spiritist movement to access mediums, leading to a complex interplay of scientific inquiry and spiritualist beliefs.

Challenges to Legitimacy and Scientific Authority

Spanish researchers faced considerable challenges in gaining scientific legitimacy. They often found themselves isolated, with limited platforms for publishing their work within the scientific community. The issue of "expert" status was also debated, with spiritists questioning the scientific credentials of researchers who lacked direct experience in mediumship. The reliance on testimonies rather than purely material evidence was a recurring theme, and the interpretation of this evidence often depended on the discourse constructed around it.

Metapsychics and the "Psychology of Tomorrow"

The emergence of metapsychics in the early 20th century, particularly in France and Spain, represented an attempt to establish a more formalized and international approach to the study of mediumship. However, metapsychics struggled for recognition and was sometimes viewed as a pseudoscientific endeavor, closely linked to spiritism. Figures like Humbert Torres and Marcelle Morel were involved in this movement, which aimed to push the boundaries of scientific understanding.

The "Magia" and Paranormal Mythos

In contrast to the historical analysis, the interview with Ramón Mayrata explores the broader cultural context of magic, illusionism, and the paranormal. Mayrata defines magic as the art of making visible the invisible, linking it to ancient rituals, religious practices, and the development of theatrical and cinematic spectacle. He discusses how illusionists have historically used techniques that mimic paranormal phenomena, leading to a blurring of lines between genuine anomalies and skillful deception. The concept of the "sacred trick" is introduced as a way to understand the use of illusion in ancient religious and shamanic practices.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue include the struggle for scientific legitimacy of psychical research, the complex relationship between science and spiritism, the role of mediums, the influence of international trends, and the cultural construction of paranormal beliefs. The editorial stance appears to be one of historical inquiry and critical analysis, aiming to understand the development of parapsychology and related fields within their specific socio-historical contexts. The issue emphasizes the importance of interdisciplinary approaches and the need to consider both scientific and cultural factors in the study of anomalous phenomena.

This issue of Fantasmagoría, identified by its cover headline "Parantropología: experimentando el poder de la tribu" and the book "Espejos de Poder: Un Aspecto de la Civilización Maya" by Miguel Rivera Dorado, delves into the fascinating intersection of anthropology, magic, illusionism, and paranormal phenomena.

The Nature of Magic and Illusionism

The magazine begins by exploring the essence of magic, positing that it is neither inherently good nor bad, but depends on the intentions of the practitioner. It traces the evolution of magic from ancient rituals and deceptions, citing the example of Luciano's account of Alejandro de Abonu tico's temple and oracle practices. The text highlights how techniques used for deception could also be employed for wonder and enchantment, as seen in the development of cartomancy from gambling tricks. The book "El experto en la mesa de juego" by S. W. Erdnase is mentioned as a pivotal work revealing subtle gambling techniques, which influenced Dai Vernon, considered the founder of modern cartomancy.

Historical Perspectives on Magic and the Inquisition

The issue discusses the historical coexistence of magic and the Inquisition. While the Inquisition was generally distrustful of magical practices, some magicians, like Dalmau El Tortosino, a magician for Emperor Charles V, were able to perform and explain their techniques to tribunals. The text notes the gradual emergence of the concept of 'white magic' and the separation from supernatural interventions.

The Rise of Fantasmagoría and Early Spectacles

Giambattista Della Porta is credited with creating early stage magic spectacles using techniques like the 'black chamber.' The magazine then delves into the phenomenon of 'fantasmagoría,' which originated from the magic lantern. This early form of visual spectacle aimed to create illusions of spirits and the supernatural, particularly relevant in an era where rationalism was beginning to challenge traditional beliefs about the afterlife. The text explains how fantasmagoría brought repressed psychic content, fears, and ancestral beliefs into human consciousness.

The Role of Secret Societies and Early Investigations

The influence of secret societies, such as the Masons and the Illuminati of Bavaria, is explored, particularly through the story of Schröpfer and his use of the magic lantern for spirit manifestations. The narrative also touches upon the political implications of these groups. The emergence of figures like Philidor, who presented projected images in theaters, is discussed, along with his propaganda against Freemasons and Rosicrucians. The development of wax museums, like that of Madame Tussaud, is also linked to this period.

Paranormal Phenomena in Tribal Cultures

A significant portion of the magazine is dedicated to anthropological accounts of paranormal experiences in pre-industrial and exotic cultures. These include:

Telepathy in the Amazon: The story of reporter Loren McIntyre's experience with the Mayoruna tribe, where he claims to have communicated telepathically with the elder, nicknamed 'Lapa,' through a phenomenon he called 'radiation.'
Zulu Divination: The account of explorer D. Leslie witnessing a Zulu shaman perform divination using fire and stones to locate missing hunters, with the predictions proving accurate.
Pygmy Magic Mirrors: The experiences of Father Henri Trilles with Pygmies in Equatorial Guinea, who used 'magic mirrors' for divination, translation, and even to visualize events happening miles away, including a hunt and conversations.
Maya Sanctuary Guardians: The story of archaeologist Miguel Rivera Dorado's experience at Oxkintok, where camera flashes spontaneously fired in a dark funerary chamber, which ceased only after offering cigarettes to the 'aluxes,' believed to be invisible guardians.
Sisala Funeral Rituals: Bruce Grindal's account of witnessing a Sisala funeral in Ghana, where the deceased appeared to move and dance, accompanied by lights and a sense of profound spiritual experience.
Chukchee Shamanism: Vladimir Bogoraz's observation of a Chukchee shaman producing numerous stones from a large, seemingly solid stone, a phenomenon he found inexplicable but similar to spiritist sessions.
Azande Witchcraft: Sir Edward E. Evans-Pritchard's encounter with a 'flying witchcraft' phenomenon, a bright light observed moving towards a dying man, which he later connected to the death.

The Evolution of Parapsychology

The magazine touches upon the historical attempts to establish 'paranthropology,' a field that sought to bridge parapsychology and anthropology. It mentions Giovanni Iannuzzo's article in 'Luce e Ombra' and the journal 'paranthropology' as efforts to promote interdisciplinary study of paranormal experiences and beliefs, moving beyond a purely skeptical or defensive stance.

Hoaxy: A Tool Against Fake News

Separately, an article discusses "Hoaxy," a tool developed by researchers at Indiana University to track the spread of fake news online. It explains how the platform analyzes the dissemination of false information and conspiracy theories across social media, aiming to help design countermeasures against disinformation.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue revolve around the historical and cultural dimensions of magic, illusionism, and the paranormal. The magazine adopts an anthropological perspective, presenting documented accounts of unusual phenomena from various cultures and historical periods. While acknowledging the skepticism of some researchers, it highlights the persistent human interest in the unexplained and the ways in which different societies have interpreted and interacted with these phenomena. The editorial stance appears to be one of open inquiry, presenting evidence and narratives without necessarily endorsing supernatural explanations, but rather exploring their cultural significance and the human desire to understand the unknown. The inclusion of the Hoaxy article suggests a broader interest in the dissemination of information, both true and false, in the modern era.

This issue of "Parapsicología Científica" (Scientific Parapsychology) features a cover story titled "RAMÓN NOGUES: THE PRIEST FACING NEUROSCIENCE," exploring the intersection of religion, spirituality, and the human brain through an interview with priest and biologist Ramón Nogues. The magazine also dedicates significant space to the life, work, and mysterious disappearance of Dr. Jacobo Grinberg, a prominent researcher in parapsychology.

Ramón Nogues: The Priest Facing Neuroscience

The interview with Ramón Nogues, a priest and professor of biological anthropology, delves into the concept of a "religious brain" and "neuroreligion." Nogues explains that while neuroscience can investigate the religious activity of the brain, it cannot locate God. He discusses how spiritual experiences activate similar brain regions as other mental activities and asserts that religious dogmas are symbolic expressions of religious transcendence, compatible with neuroscientific findings. He also touches upon the role of culture in shaping responses to life's enigmas, with Eastern cultures influenced by transcendental wisdom and Western cultures by religious configurations.

Dr. Jacobo Grinberg: Life, Work, and Mystery

The magazine presents a comprehensive dossier on Dr. Jacobo Grinberg-Zylberbaum, a scientist who sought to apply the scientific method to paranormal research. The articles detail his background, his academic journey from physics to psychology, and his pioneering work at the National University of Mexico (UNAM) in his laboratory for the study of consciousness.

Grinberg's research included studying the brain activity of shamans, the neuronal basis of telepathy, and dermo-optic perception. He collaborated with renowned scientists and was described as "the Einstein of Consciousness." His work, particularly his studies on shamans like Bárbara Guerrero "Pachita," gained him both admiration and criticism, sometimes challenging his credibility within the academic community.

The Disappearance of Jacobo Grinberg

A central theme is Grinberg's inexplicable disappearance on December 12, 1994. The magazine recounts the events leading up to his vanishing, including his planned trip to Nepal and his last known activities. Interviews with his collaborators, such as Ruth Cerezo and Amira Valle, and his daughter Estusha Grinberg, shed light on the emotional impact of his absence and the various theories surrounding his fate.

Despite extensive investigations, no definitive trace of Grinberg has been found. The articles highlight the challenges faced by his team in preserving his research and laboratory equipment after his disappearance. The CIA's declassification of documents in 2012 revealed numerous references to Grinberg's work but offered no clues to his whereabouts.

Key Contributions and Legacy

Grinberg's legacy is presented through his extensive bibliography and the efforts of his former collaborators to publish his unfinished research. His work on the "Synergetic Theory" and the "EPR Paradox" is highlighted as a significant contribution to understanding consciousness and anomalous phenomena. The magazine emphasizes Grinberg's dedication to scientific rigor in exploring the paranormal, making him a notable figure in the field.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The issue consistently promotes a critical yet open-minded approach to parapsychology, emphasizing the importance of the scientific method. It showcases researchers who bridge scientific inquiry with phenomena often relegated to the esoteric. The editorial stance appears to be one of advocating for the scientific study of consciousness and paranormal events, while acknowledging the inherent mysteries and the personal toll such research can take on individuals, as exemplified by the tragic case of Jacobo Grinberg.

This issue of "EL CRITICO" (Issue 010, Volume 1, dated November 1994) is a Spanish-language magazine from Mexico that focuses on paranormal phenomena, consciousness, and scientific research. The cover story features Estusha Grinberg, daughter of the late Dr. Jacobo Grinberg, discussing her father's Synergistic Theory and how she expresses it through her music. The magazine includes interviews with individuals connected to Grinberg's work, including his daughter, colleagues, and the director of a documentary about his mysterious disappearance.

Key Articles and Interviews

The Disappearance of Dr. Jacobo Grinberg

The central theme of the issue revolves around the disappearance of Dr. Jacobo Grinberg, a prominent Mexican scientist. The magazine explores various theories and circumstances surrounding his vanishing, including potential involvement of the CIA and the police investigation led by Commander Padilla. Colleagues recount their memories of working with Grinberg, highlighting his innovative research and the impact of his absence.

Synergistic Theory and the EPR Paradox

Several articles delve into Dr. Grinberg's scientific contributions, particularly his Synergistic Theory and his work on the EPR Paradox. The Synergistic Theory posits that consciousness is not an epiphenomenon of matter but has a fundamental, non-local quantum nature. The EPR Paradox, as explained in the magazine, refers to the quantum entanglement phenomenon where two particles remain connected regardless of distance. Grinberg's experiments, such as the 'Transferred Potential' experiment, aimed to demonstrate this non-local connection between human brains.

The Transferred Potential Experiment

This experiment, conducted at Grinberg's Human Communication Laboratory at UNAM, involved measuring brain activity in two subjects who interacted empathetically. The discovery was that when one subject was stimulated (e.g., with a flash), the non-stimulated subject exhibited a corresponding brain activity spike at the exact same millisecond, suggesting a non-local transfer of information or consciousness.

Interview with Estusha Grinberg

Estusha Grinberg, Jacobo's daughter, discusses her father's difficult childhood and his profound influence on her. She explains how her music, a fusion of ethnic sounds and electronic elements, is an attempt to express the principles of synergia and connect with the 'whole,' continuing her father's research legacy.

Interview with Ida Cuellar

Ida Cuellar, director of the documentary "El secreto del Dr. Grinberg," shares her motivations for investigating the case. She recounts how a chance encounter in Mexico led her to discover Grinberg's work and the mystery surrounding his disappearance. Cuellar details her research process, including interviews with Grinberg's family, colleagues, and other researchers.

Jacobo Grinberg and Carlos Castaneda

The magazine addresses the rumored connection between Jacobo Grinberg and Carlos Castaneda. While Grinberg initially admired Castaneda, their relationship soured after an encounter where Castaneda's methods reportedly offended Grinberg. The issue explores the possibility that Castaneda's group might have been investigated by police in relation to Grinberg's disappearance.

Research on Mexican Shamans

Jacobo Grinberg's research extended to the study of Mexican shamans, including the renowned healer Pachita. The magazine highlights his work with shamans like Rodolfo Flores, whose brain activity was recorded in both relaxed and ecstatic states to test the Synergistic Theory. These studies aimed to find scientific evidence for phenomena previously considered purely spiritual or anecdotal.

The Lattice Theory and Morphic Resonance

Grinberg's 'Lattice Theory' is presented as a precursor to Rupert Sheldrake's concept of Morphic Resonance. Both theories suggest that information is contained within space and can be accessed and modified. Grinberg's lattice is described as a colossal, multi-dimensional matrix where information converges holographically.

Neuroplasticity and Consciousness

The issue touches upon the concept of neuroplasticity, referencing research by figures like Richard Davidson, which shows how practices like meditation can alter brain structure and function. This is linked to the idea that consciousness plays a fundamental role in reality, potentially collapsing quantum wave functions.

The Closing of the Laboratory

Following Grinberg's disappearance, his laboratory at UNAM was sealed by the police. The article laments the loss of valuable research and equipment, which was dispersed to other institutions, effectively ending a significant line of inquiry.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue are the mystery surrounding Jacobo Grinberg's disappearance, the scientific exploration of consciousness and paranormal phenomena, and the intersection of science with ancient traditions like shamanism. The editorial stance appears to be one of deep respect for Grinberg's pioneering work and a desire to keep his legacy alive, particularly through his daughter Estusha's artistic endeavors and the ongoing investigation into his vanishing. The magazine champions a paradigm shift in science, moving away from a purely materialistic view towards one that acknowledges the fundamental role of consciousness and non-local interactions.

This issue of "EL CRITICO" (The Critic), dated May 23, 2017, with issue number 90 and volume 2, delves into the CIA's extensive and often controversial involvement with parapsychology and psychic phenomena. The cover headline, "La desclasificación de 2017 desvela el interés de los servicios secretos PARAPSICOLOGÍA EXTREMA FINANCIADA POR LA CIA" (The 2017 declassification reveals the interest of secret services in EXTREME PARAPSYCHOLOGY FINANCED BY THE CIA), sets the tone for an exploration of secret government programs.

The Disappearance of Jacobo Grinberg

The issue features an interview with Ida Cuellar, EOC, who discusses the disappearance of Jacobo Grinberg, a scientist. Cuellar mentions that Commander Padilla, responsible for the police investigation, has also disappeared. Various hypotheses surrounding Grinberg's disappearance are presented, including passion crimes, CIA abduction, extraterrestrial abduction, voluntary passage to another dimension, or suicide. Cuellar suggests that all these possibilities might hold some truth, likening Grinberg to a mythical figure whose life and death are intertwined. The investigation points towards a possible kidnapping related to Grinberg's discoveries, with the main witness also disappearing. A surprising hypothesis links Carlos Castaneda to Grinberg's disappearance. Initially, Grinberg admired Castaneda, but later viewed him as a manipulative figure akin to a cult leader. Grinberg declined an offer to live in Castaneda's community in Los Angeles.

Parapsychology: Definitions and Theories

A section titled "PARAPSICOLOGIA, PARAPSICOBIOFISICA O PHAINOPSILOGIA" explores the terminology surrounding psychic phenomena. It explains the origin of "Parapsychology" coined by Max Desoir and discusses alternative terms like "Metapsíquica," "Parapsicobiofísica" (proposed by Germán de Argumosa), and "Phaino Psi Logia" (proposed by Dr. Ricardo Puncernau). The latter is favored for its accuracy and neutrality. The text distinguishes between Psi Gamma (mind-to-mind interaction) and Psi Kappa (mind-to-matter interaction), clarifying that phenomena like ghosts fall under Spiritualism, not parapsychology. Jacobo Grinberg's "Synergetic Theory," describing reality as a holographic matrix, is also mentioned.

CIA's Psychic Investigations: Remote Viewing and Planetary Exploration

The magazine details the CIA's investment of $20 million over two decades in parapsychological research, aiming to use extrasensory perception for intelligence. Experiments included remote viewing of planets and time travel. Ingo Swann, a psychic, conducted remarkable experiments under the tutelage of Hal Puthoff and Russell Targ at the Stanford Research Institute. Swann reportedly described Jupiter's atmosphere and rings with surprising accuracy, later confirmed by the Voyager 1 probe. He also described Mercury's atmosphere and magnetic field, which Mariner 10 confirmed. Another experiment involved Swann visualizing Mars a million years in the past, describing structures and tall, thin beings, an experiment difficult to verify scientifically but linked to the Cydonia region.

Psychic Investigations in Crisis Situations

The CIA also utilized remote viewers in crisis situations. During the Iran hostage crisis, psychics conducted 206 sessions to gather information. In 1988, remote viewers were employed to locate Colonel William Richard Higgins, who was captured and murdered in Lebanon. They identified possible locations and determined his fate when conventional intelligence still believed him alive. Other trials involved finding missing soldiers from the Vietnam War and lost children.

The Tivissa Case and Julio Roca Muntañola

The issue extensively covers the "Tivissa case" and the experiences of Julio Roca Muntañola, a parapsychologist and author. Roca reportedly had several unusual experiences in the Tivissa region, including a possible teletransportation and encountering strange suits in a cave. His widow, Pepita Sanchís, recounted these events and her husband's collaboration with authorities using dowsing (radiesthesia) to locate missing persons. She also mentioned Roca's connection to Dr. Antonio Ballester Noya and his involvement in an expedition to the Monegros region where they encountered unexplained lights. Pepita also described her husband's spiritual guide, "Antonio," whom she was forbidden to meet. The article touches upon the perceived decline in quality of the "Revista Karma-7" and Roca's personal philosophy about the spiritual nature of the Tivissa phenomenon.

A Psychic Session and Personal Reflections

The author recounts attending a spiritualist session with Roca Muntañola's widow, Pepita, and her friend. The session involved prayers and invocations to aid departed souls. The author also describes a later encounter with Pepita and her nephew, José María Maiques, who was also involved in investigating Tivissa. The narrative concludes with the author's reflections on the lingering mystery of Tivissa and the possibility of spirits persisting in places they inhabited, referencing the birth of his daughter Eva-Marina.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue are the CIA's clandestine involvement in parapsychology, the potential of psychic abilities for intelligence and investigation, and the enduring mysteries surrounding unexplained phenomena like disappearances and alleged extraterrestrial encounters. The editorial stance appears to be one of critical inquiry, presenting documented evidence of CIA programs while also exploring the more esoteric and personal accounts of individuals involved in parapsychological research. The magazine highlights the blurred lines between science, belief, and the unknown, particularly in cases like Jacobo Grinberg's disappearance and the enigmatic events in Tivissa.

This issue of 'Historia Crítica' focuses on debunking myths and exploring historical mysteries, with a strong emphasis on critical analysis and verified information. The primary articles delve into the case of Agustín Luengo Capilla, the 'Extremeño Giant', and the enigmatic book 'The Case for the UFOs' by Morris K. Jessup, which is linked to the legend of the Philadelphia Experiment.

The Luengo Capilla Case: Debunking the Myths

The article "El Caso Luengo Capilla: un análisis crítico LAS MENTIRAS DEL GIGANTE EXTREMEÑO" by Luis Ángel Sánchez Gómez, a professor at the Complutense University of Madrid, critically examines the life of Agustín Luengo Capilla. Sánchez Gómez's research indicates that much of what is commonly believed about Luengo Capilla is unsubstantiated folklore, originating largely from sensationalist press reports and legends that emerged after his death in 1875.

Luengo Capilla, known for his extraordinary height (approximately 2.30 meters), is often depicted as having lived a life in the circus and having had dealings with King Alfonso XII, who supposedly gifted him boots, and with Dr. Pedro González Velasco, who allegedly bought his corpse while he was still alive. Sánchez Gómez's investigation reveals that the first documented mention of Luengo Capilla appears only three months before his death, in October 1875, in 'La Correspondencia de España'. This article states he was 26 years old and from Puebla de Alcocer, Badajoz. The initial report exaggerated his height to 2.80 meters, a detail later corrected.

Sánchez Gómez highlights that after this initial press coverage, there were only a few brief mentions until his death on December 31, 1875. He also questions the authenticity of a photograph purportedly showing Luengo Capilla with King Alfonso XII and his mother, suggesting the third figure is unlikely to be the king.

The article further explores the notion that Luengo Capilla died in poverty, citing a December 10, 1875, report from 'La Correspondencia de España' that describes him as gravely ill and without resources, appealing for donations. This suggests that neither Dr. Velasco nor King Alfonso XII provided him with significant financial support during his lifetime.

Dr. Velasco's own notes, as detailed by Sánchez Gómez, state that Luengo Capilla was born in 1849, the eldest of six children, to artisans Crisanto and Josefa. Velasco noted Luengo Capilla's unusual physical characteristics, including rudimentary genitalia and extreme thinness despite his height, and attributed his death at age 26 to general organism weakening due to a life of poverty and suffering.

Following Luengo Capilla's death, his body was prepared for display. A plaster cast was made, and his skeleton was mounted. Later, his skin was removed and placed on a mannequin, dressed in his own clothes. This exhibit, though controversial, was present in the museum until at least 1941. Sánchez Gómez points out that the rapid transfer of the body to the museum and the subsequent autopsy, detailed in an 1878 article, were done with the approval of his mother, who may have lacked the means to bury him and possibly did not fully understand the extent of the scientific use of his remains.

The article also touches upon other giants documented in history, such as Víctor Sánchez Carretero, Fermín Arrudi Urieta, and Miguel Joaquín Eliecegui Arteaga, placing Luengo Capilla's height within a broader context of human giants.

The Mysterious Dr. Velasco

This section introduces Dr. Pedro González Velasco as a renowned surgeon, anatomist, and founder of the National Museum of Anthropology. His passion for anatomy led him to amass a significant collection of anatomical specimens, including malformed fetuses and the body of a Madrid dwarf. The legend of the 'Extremeño Giant' significantly boosted Velasco's fame, as did the mysteries surrounding the death and alleged mummification of his daughter, Conchita, a topic explored in Luis Ángel Sánchez Gómez's upcoming book.

'The Case for the UFOs' and the Philadelphia Experiment

The issue dedicates significant space to the book "The Case for the UFOs" (1954) by Morris K. Jessup, describing it as one of the most enigmatic works on ufology. The book, which predated the widespread use of the term 'UFO', compiled various anomalous phenomena, including ancient sightings and unexplained disappearances, suggesting a possible connection to UFOs. It also touched upon 'astroarchaeology' and speculated about extraterrestrial visits and advanced ancient civilizations.

The core of the mystery lies in a copy of Jessup's book sent anonymously to Admiral Frederick N. Furth of the US Office of Naval Research (ONR) in 1955. This copy was filled with handwritten annotations in multiple colors, seemingly by three different individuals, discussing topics such as Einstein's unified field theory and a secret US Navy experiment in 1943 involving a ship's invisibility, which became the basis for the Philadelphia Experiment legend.

Morris K. Jessup himself was later consulted by the ONR regarding these annotations. The book, with its annotations, was reproduced by 'VARO Manufacturing Company' and distributed to various authorities, further fueling the legend and the idea of a government cover-up. The article questions the exact number of copies produced and the true extent of the ONR's involvement.

It also provides a brief biography of Morris K. Jessup, noting that despite being described as brilliant, his academic background was limited, and his later life was marked by financial struggles and unfulfilled projects, culminating in his suicide in 1959.

Other Sections

The magazine also includes brief mentions of other topics:

Vuelve Javier Sierra: Announcing the return of author Javier Sierra with a new section in 'Año Cero' and a TV program, 'Otros Mundos'.
Espacio en Blanco en el Senado: Reporting on the popularity of Miguel Blanco's mystery radio program 'Espacio en Blanco', which was highlighted in a Spanish Senate inquiry.
El INTA investigó OVNIS: A note about the Spanish National Institute for Aerospace Technology (INTA) investigating UFO sightings in 1978, based on a newspaper advertisement.
Impagable Mindalia TV: Praising Mindalia TV for providing valuable content on mysteries and the paranormal.
Fallece Hector A. Pico: Announcing the death of ufologist Hector A. Pico.
...y Fina d'Armada también: Announcing the death of historian Fina d'Armada in 2014.
Cydonia cumple 10 años: Celebrating the 10th anniversary of Ediciones Cydonia, an independent publisher known for its humanitarian contributions and its book 'Hay otros mundos, pero están en este'.
La Biblioteca del investigador: Recommending books such as Leslie Kean's 'OVNIs', 'Chamanismo: el arte natural de curar', Francisco Máñez's 'Historias aeronáuticas que nos hicieron creer en OVNIs', José Antonio Roldán's 'Tras la huella del misterio', and Eric Frattini's 'Manipulando la historia'.
Las Anomalias desde la Ciencia: Introducing a new multidisciplinary scientific magazine titled 'Fronteras de Ciencia'.
El hombre volador... otro viral: Discussing a viral video of a supposed 'flying humanoid' in India, which critical investigators identified as a hoax.
TFGS Académicos sobre Misterio: Highlighting academic research on mystery topics, including studies on radio programs and specialized magazines.
Pseudoescépticos Investigados: Introducing the website 'Skeptical About Skeptics', which aims to counter dogmatic skepticism.
Ataca en Rennes le Chateau: Reporting on the vandalism of the Asmodeus statue in Rennes-le-Château.
La Foto: A historical photo of UFO enthusiasts, including Dr. Joseph Allen Hyneck.
La nit del misteri: Reviewing a radio program focused on mysteries.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine consistently promotes a stance of critical inquiry, emphasizing the importance of verifying information and debunking sensationalist claims. It champions rigorous research, particularly in the fields of history, ufology, and unexplained phenomena. The editorial stance is one of skepticism towards unsubstantiated legends and a commitment to presenting evidence-based analysis. There is a clear advocacy for the scientific study of anomalies and a critique of dogmatic skepticism that hinders research. The magazine also highlights the role of independent researchers and publications in uncovering hidden truths and challenging established narratives.

This issue of CRITICO, identified by its page numbers ranging from 101 to 110, focuses heavily on the themes of laicism and anticlericalism in contemporary Spain. It also delves into historical UFO phenomena, particularly the Philadelphia Experiment, and the complex relationship between religion and the state.

The Philadelphia Experiment and the Jessup Case

The issue begins by recounting the tragic story of Morris K. Jessup, an investigator of the Philadelphia Experiment, who reportedly committed suicide in April 1959. The article suggests that Jessup was facing financial ruin and personal difficulties, but rumors persisted that his death was a government cover-up due to his research. Charles Berlitz's book 'Sin Rastro' (1977) is cited, detailing Jessup's final days and his alleged preparation of a draft on the experiment. The narrative highlights the mysterious circumstances surrounding his death, with no note or manuscript found in his car.

Further investigation into the Philadelphia Experiment myth is presented, focusing on the role of Carl M. Allen, also known as Carlos Allende. Robert A. Goerman's research, detailed in 'Alias Carlos Allende' (1980), is presented as uncovering a significant fraud. Goerman's findings suggest that Allen was solely responsible for the letters sent to Jessup and the annotations in the 'Varo Edition' of Jessup's book, fabricating the entire narrative. The article dismisses the 'curse' associated with the Varo Edition, attributing the supposed misfortunes of its owners to coincidence or delusion.

The text critically analyzes the annotations in Jessup's book, describing them as the product of a "delirious mind" and filled with nonsensical statements and grammatical errors. The article quotes Vincent Gaddis, who noted that Jessup's initial reaction to the information was that it was a prank or the ramblings of a madman. The U.S. Navy's official stance is also mentioned, with Betty W. Shirley stating that the Naval Investigation Office never conducted an official study of the manuscript and has no copy of the annotated book.

Ultimately, the article concludes that the book and the Varo Edition hold no secrets about UFOs or secret military experiments, but rather reflect the fears and fantasies of a single individual, Carl M. Allen, who orchestrated the fraud.

Laicism and Anticlericalism in Spain

The magazine then shifts focus to the socio-political landscape of Spain, with a significant portion dedicated to the historical and ongoing conflict between laicism and anticlericalism. The article argues that promoting secular values is crucial in contemporary Spain, where religions continue to seek supremacy and interfere in public affairs.

It highlights the Catholic Church's historical obstruction of laicism in Spain, noting that despite progress towards secularization, issues remain regarding the public presence of religious practices. The article criticizes the Church's resistance to adapting to a secular state, its desire to maintain social power, and its belief in the superiority of its moral doctrines. Laicismo, conversely, is presented as promoting freedom of conscience and combating religious intolerance.

The constitutional ambiguity regarding the state's relationship with religion is discussed, specifically Article 16.3, which states that public powers will consider the religious beliefs of society and maintain relations of cooperation with religious confessions. This is contrasted with the principle of a non-confessional state, leading to questions about whether Spain is truly aconfessional, confessional, or pluriconfessional.

The historical roots of this conflict are traced back to the Constitution of Cádiz in 1812, which established Catholicism as the sole religion of Spain. The Second Republic's Constitution of 1931 is presented as a turning point, aiming for a complete separation between Church and State, with differing approaches from moderate (Niceto Alcalá-Zamora) and radical factions.

The 'Institución Libre de Enseñanza' (ILE), founded by Francisco Giner de los Ríos, is highlighted as a key initiative promoting secular and scientific education, free from religious influence. Its pedagogical project aimed to foster critical thinking and a new model of citizenship, attracting prominent intellectuals.

The article details the Church's opposition to liberal reforms and secularization throughout the 19th and 20th centuries, particularly during the dictatorship of Primo de Rivera, when the Church-State link was strengthened. The Franco regime is described as having a close alliance with the Church, with the latter providing a religious justification for the dictatorship's authoritarianism and violence.

The Spanish Civil War and Religious Persecution

The outbreak of the Spanish Civil War intensified anticlerical sentiment, leading to widespread persecution of clergy and religious institutions in Republican-controlled areas. While the article acknowledges the violence, it clarifies that it was not instigated by Republican governments but rather by inflamed popular mobs. It also notes that the victors of the war, the Nationalists, propagated a negative image of anticlericalism.

Post-Franco Era and Secularization

The transition to democracy after Franco's death brought about a shift towards secularization. The article discusses the impact of the Second Vatican Council, which encouraged openness to modernity and tolerance towards other religions and non-believers. However, it notes that the Spanish hierarchy was slow to adopt these reforms, clinging to traditional positions.

The papacies of John Paul II and Benedict XVI are criticized for their conservative stances, which allegedly hindered the renewal initiated by Vatican II. The article points to the continued influence of the Church in Spanish society, particularly in political discourse, and the ongoing tensions surrounding issues like abortion, divorce, and education.

Education and Secularism

The debate over secular education is a recurring theme. The article criticizes the Catholic Church's insistence on confessional religious education in public schools, arguing that it contradicts the principles of a non-confessional state. The introduction of the 'Educación para la Ciudadanía' (Citizenship Education) subject is presented as a move towards a secular curriculum that respects moral pluralism and human rights, though it faced strong opposition from conservative Catholic groups.

Current Tensions and Future Outlook

The article concludes by emphasizing that many issues remain unresolved in achieving true laicism in Spain. It highlights the continued influence of a veiled confessionalism and the Church's increasing political presence. The author expresses hope for peaceful coexistence and mutual respect among different beliefs in a multicultural society, referencing Hegel's idea that history repeats itself, but wishing for a more sensible outcome this time.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue are the historical and contemporary struggles between secularism (laicism) and religious influence, particularly from the Catholic Church, in Spain. The magazine also explores the cultural impact of UFO phenomena and conspiracy theories, often debunking them as fraudulent or misinformed. The editorial stance appears to be strongly in favor of laicism, secular education, and the separation of church and state, while critically examining the historical and present-day actions of the Catholic Church in Spain. The issue also touches upon the nature of death and consciousness through the inclusion of a scientific article on brain activity after clinical death.

This issue of CRITICO, dated November 2017, features a cover story titled "La astrología es un hermoso y perfecto espejismo" (Astrology is a beautiful and perfect illusion), which is a critical interview with Rudolph Smith. The magazine also includes sections on ufology and a controversy involving a paranormal divulgator.

Interview with Rudolph Smith: "Astrology: My Personal Disaster"

The interview with Rudolph Smith, a former Dutch astrologer, forms the core of this issue. Smith recounts his childhood fascination with astronomy and his initial dismissal of astrology as unscientific. His perspective shifted in 1968 when a colleague suggested he study astrology to judge it knowledgeably. This led him to explore his own horoscope and those of others, initially finding compelling matches that fueled his enthusiasm.

Smith became a professional astrologer, co-founded the Dutch astrological society NGPA in 1977, and co-authored a manual for beginners. However, around 1978, he experienced a significant setback when he realized he had mistakenly used the wrong horoscope for a client, yet the reading still seemed accurate. This, along with later experiences and the advent of personal computers allowing for statistical analysis of astrological claims, led to his disillusionment.

He discovered that many astrological claims lacked empirical support and that clients tended to remember successes while forgetting failures. Smith identifies "hidden persuaders" – techniques like cold reading, selective memory, and the Barnum effect – as the reasons behind astrology's perceived effectiveness. He cites the work of Geoffrey Dean and Ivan W. Kelly, who have extensively researched these phenomena.

Smith's personal world collapsed when he accepted that astrology was an illusion. He closed his practice, feeling it unethical to continue selling something he no longer believed in. This led to a period of depression. He notes that other astrologers, like David Hamblin, also abandoned their practices for similar reasons.

Smith explains that while astrology may not be scientifically valid, a responsible and empathetic astrologer can provide a form of subjective therapy, offering introspection and support without being threatening. He continues to read horoscopes but emphasizes it's for fantasy, not reality, and that the client's satisfaction stems from the human interaction rather than the astrological content itself.

He acknowledges that astrology has survived for centuries, partly due to psychological biases and the difficulty in disproving its claims. He warns against astrologers who claim to predict the future, stating that such predictions can cause irreparable harm. He supports the idea of regulating astrological practices through ethical codes.

Astrology Under the Microscope

This section explores the historical relationship between astrology and astronomy, noting that early astronomers were often astrologers. It highlights how the development of computers in the 1970s revolutionized astrological research by enabling large-scale statistical analysis of horoscopes. Smith discusses how testable astrological claims, such as the supposed link between Mars and aggression, have been statistically disproven.

He addresses the argument that astrology cannot be evaluated scientifically because each horoscope is unique, refuting it by stating that astrological claims are largely statistical and should be verifiable. Smith also discusses his involvement with the journal 'Correlation' and the numerous experiments conducted over the past thirty years, all of which have failed to validate astrology's claims. He mentions the "Mars effect" observed by Michel Gauquelin, noting that while statistically significant, it was not practically useful for astrological predictions and may have been influenced by social factors.

Books on Mystery: "The Mystery Library"

The magazine reviews several books from the "Biblioteca del Misterio" (Mystery Library) collection by Ediciones Oblicuas. "El Pacto: Reptilianos y Gobiernos. Un mito contemporáneo" by Juan José Sánchez-Oro is highlighted. The book is praised for its meticulous research into the modern myth of reptilians and governments, UFO cases, and conspiracy theories. It is noted for its accessible approach, making it suitable for a broad audience and deconstructing the myth objectively.

Another book mentioned is "OVNIs: Paradigma del Absurdo" (UFOs: Paradigm of Absurdity) by David Cuevas, which is described as a refreshing work that addresses the inherent absurdity in ufological phenomena and presents previously unknown cases. The collection aims to provide introductory and lateral views on frequently discussed topics.

Controversy: "The self-proclaimed 'father of Spanish parapsychology'"

This section details a boycott against Sebastián D'Arbó, also known as 'Profesor' D'arbó, a well-known figure in the Spanish paranormal community. The boycott was initiated by a group of investigators and divulgators after D'arbó made xenophobic comments on Facebook, calling Andalusians "primitive" and "uncultured." Lorenzo Fernández Bueno, director of the magazines Año Cero and Enigmas, led the protest. D'arbó later apologized, but the incident significantly damaged his professional relationships within the mystery community.

The article also notes D'arbó's continued controversial statements, including a remark in 2017 about Andalusians speaking "very badly."

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine consistently adopts a critical and skeptical stance towards paranormal claims, particularly astrology and ufology. It emphasizes the importance of scientific investigation, statistical analysis, and psychological explanations for phenomena that are often presented as mysterious or supernatural. The editorial stance appears to favor evidence-based reasoning and debunks claims that lack empirical support, while acknowledging the potential for subjective psychological benefits derived from certain practices. The controversy surrounding 'Profesor' D'arbó further reinforces the magazine's focus on scrutinizing public figures within the paranormal field and addressing issues of misinformation and prejudice.

This issue of "El Ojo Crítico" (The Critical Eye), dated June 1998, focuses on a diverse range of topics including ethnic identity, the paranormal, skepticism, and investigative journalism. The cover headline boldly states, "EN CARPETOVETÖNIA NO SABEN QUE ANDALUCÍA TAMBIÉN ES UNA ÉTNIA" (In Carpetovetonia they don't know that Andalusia is also an ethnicity), setting a tone of cultural and ethnic assertion.

Article: Andalusian Ethnicity and Identity

Sebastià D'Arbo, introduced as a multifaceted professional (psychologist, journalist, screenwriter, radio and television director, film director, editor, and producer), asserts that Andalusia is a distinct ethnic group. He defines ethnicity as a group sharing cultural traits, language, religion, traditions, and more. D'Arbo contrasts the Catalan ethnic identity (cultural) and Basque identity (racial) with the Andalusian identity, which he describes as cultural and largely racial, yet preferring to remain identified as Spanish. He suggests that as Catalonia and the Basque Country pursue their national dignity, other Iberian peoples might follow suit.

D'Arbo's extensive curriculum vitae highlights his specialization in hypnology, deep psychology (with a doctoral thesis on 'Possession or Double Personality'), and fantastic anthropology. He is also noted as a pioneer in introducing fantastic, esoteric, and parascientific themes into Spanish media, with over 40 years of experience in broadcasting and cinema. His academic background includes teaching history of broadcasting, television, cinematography, semiotics, and directing.

Article: Manuel Carballal and the Dangers of Occultism

Manuel Carballal, described as an editor and writer specializing in occult and mystery themes, with over 15 published books, is interviewed about his latest work, "Los Peligros del Ocultismo: Crimen, Delito y Misterio" (The Dangers of Occultism: Crime, Delinquency, and Mystery). Carballal's extensive career includes directing specialized magazines and encyclopedias, earning him numerous professional awards. His influence on investigators and divulgators of anomalies in Spain and Catalonia is acknowledged.

However, the article also highlights past criticisms of D'Arbo. In June 1998, "El Ojo Crítico" itself denounced his "bad practices, commercial interest, and lack of consequence" in a controversial article titled "The prostitution of paranormal journalism." Years later, in January 2008, "El Ojo Crítico" again exposed a fraud attributed to D'Arbo concerning the "Gnome of Girona" case, revealing that the supposed witnesses were an actor and D'Arbo's wife, and the "gnome" was a malformed rabbit fetus.

Carballal discusses how obsession can lead to paranormal phenomena and harmful effects, citing examples like the Cronfel sisters, Rosa Gonzalvez, and Alvaro Bustos, whose obsessions with the occult led to murder and suicide. He also addresses the themes of paraphony and ouija, noting how they can be used to justify supernatural causes for actions. Carballal shares a personal story about his godmother, Josefa Losada "Casandra," whose obsessive practice of psychography led to her divorce, loss of custody of her children, and eventual suicide.

Carballal criticizes the sensationalist journalism surrounding the mystery genre, arguing that many divulgators are unaware of or unconcerned about the profound influence they can have on people.

Article: Skepticism and the Dunning-Kruger Effect

This section critically examines the movement of skepticism, particularly in relation to pseudoscientific claims. The author questions the selective focus of skepticism, asking why companies like Boiron (homeopathy) are targeted while tabaqueras (tobacco companies) are not, despite the latter's demonstrably greater harm. The article suggests that skepticism might prioritize targets that are easier to ridicule and less risky to attack.

The Dunning-Kruger effect is explained: incompetent individuals overestimate their abilities, while highly competent individuals underestimate theirs. This bias is illustrated with studies showing that those who score poorly in tests of logic, grammar, and humor tend to rate themselves much higher than their actual performance.

The author also critiques the "fundamentalist" or "taliban" approach some skeptics adopt, who dismiss any debate or nuance, labeling those who question their methods as "haters." The article questions the impact and objectives of skeptical movements, suggesting that their efforts might not always be effective or measurable, and that some skeptics may be adopting the same tactics they criticize in others.

Article: The Valdés Case - "La Noche de los Centinelas"

This section reviews Patricio Abusleme's book, "La Noche de los Centinelas" (The Night of the Sentinels), which investigates the famous UFO case of Chilean Army corporal Armando Valdés from April 25, 1977. Abusleme spent a decade researching the case, interviewing Valdés multiple times, as well as military officials, doctors, and other conscripts.

The case involves Valdés and seven other soldiers on guard duty who witnessed two "stars" fall. Valdés reportedly disappeared for 15 minutes, returning with his beard grown and his watch advanced by five days. The article notes that Valdés's testimony has evolved over time, with him suggesting he was visited by "men in black" and mentioning a connection to the "Ummo case."

Abusleme's investigation is praised for its meticulousness, but the case remains open, with unresolved questions about the original stimulus for the sighting. The book includes additional chapters, one of which presents testimony from individuals who claim Valdés underwent hypnosis, during which he levitated. However, the recording of this hypnosis session has not been provided, leading to skepticism about its authenticity.

The article also touches upon the psychological aspects of the case, suggesting that Valdés's testimony might be influenced by his religious beliefs and the context of Chile's military dictatorship at the time. The author acknowledges Abusleme's work as a valuable resource for anyone interested in the Valdés case and ufology in general.

Article: Synesthesia

This section explores synesthesia, a neurological phenomenon affecting about 1% of the population, where stimulation of one sensory pathway leads to involuntary experiences in a second sensory pathway (e.g., hearing colors, seeing sounds). It is suggested that synesthesia might be a remnant of early brain development when all neurons were interconnected. The article mentions that individuals with synesthesia are not ill and are not under the influence of drugs. It notes that synesthesia is often hereditary and can manifest in various forms, such as grapheme-color (seeing letters and numbers in specific colors) and musical synesthesia (perceiving sounds as colors).

Article: Carlos Castaneda Investigation

A preview or announcement for an upcoming investigation into the life and work of Carlos Castaneda is presented, with the title "CARLOS CASTANEDA: La investigación" (Carlos Castaneda: The Investigation). It indicates that this will be released "MUY PRONTO..." (Very Soon...) and is associated with "EL OJO CRÍTICO CUADERNOS DE INVESTIGACIÓN PARA INVESTIGADORES" (El Ojo Crítico: Research Notebooks for Investigators).

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine consistently adopts a critical and investigative stance, particularly towards claims of the paranormal, occultism, and pseudoscientific phenomena. It emphasizes the importance of rigorous research, evidence-based analysis, and the potential dangers of unsubstantiated beliefs and sensationalist journalism. "El Ojo Crítico" appears to champion a skeptical approach, aiming to debunk frauds and expose misinformation while acknowledging the complexities and psychological factors that may underlie some anomalous experiences. The publication also engages with broader societal issues, such as ethnic identity and the role of media in shaping public perception.

El Ojo Critico - No 83-84 - Junio 2017

AI-Generated Summary

Magazine Overview

Editorial: Parapsychology is Scientific or it is Not Parapsychology

Dossier Especial: Vida y obra de Jacobo Grinberg

Special Parapsychology Section

Exclusive Investigation: The Crime of Luna 16

The Esoteric Tourism and a Mayor with a Hard Face: Bugarach and the Business of the End of the World

Other Articles and Features

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The Legend of the Valiant Tailor and the Madrid Parricide

The Crime on Antonio Grilo Street

The Julián Grimau Case

Other Crimes and Investigations

Fernando Sesma and UFO Messages

Interview with Annette Mülberger

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

Amalia Domingo Soler: A Medium of Charity and Ethics

The Conflict Between Spiritism and the Catholic Church

Progressive and Liberal Influences on Spiritism

The Boom of Spiritism in Spain

Connections with Other Esoteric Movements

Parapsychology: A Scientific Investigation

Scientific Hypotheses on Paranormal Phenomena

Defining Parapsychology

Scope and Methodology of Parapsychology

Key Concepts and Research Areas

Research Methodologies

Distinguishing Parapsychology from Pseudoscience

Historical Context and Key Researchers

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

A New Research Model: Neuroparapsychology

Meta-Analysis and Replicability

Parapsychology and the Study of Paranormal Beliefs

Conclusions on Parapsychology

The BMI-RT Battery for Detecting Incoherence/Bias

Science and Mystery

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The Science of the Medium: Psychical Research in Spain (1888-1931)

Key Researchers and Their Contributions

The Role of Spiritism and the "Latin Tradition"

Challenges to Legitimacy and Scientific Authority

Metapsychics and the "Psychology of Tomorrow"

The "Magia" and Paranormal Mythos

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The Nature of Magic and Illusionism

Historical Perspectives on Magic and the Inquisition

The Rise of Fantasmagoría and Early Spectacles

The Role of Secret Societies and Early Investigations

Paranormal Phenomena in Tribal Cultures

The Evolution of Parapsychology

Hoaxy: A Tool Against Fake News

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

Ramón Nogues: The Priest Facing Neuroscience

Dr. Jacobo Grinberg: Life, Work, and Mystery

The Disappearance of Jacobo Grinberg

Key Contributions and Legacy

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

Key Articles and Interviews

The Disappearance of Dr. Jacobo Grinberg

Synergistic Theory and the EPR Paradox

The Transferred Potential Experiment

Interview with Estusha Grinberg

Interview with Ida Cuellar

Jacobo Grinberg and Carlos Castaneda

Research on Mexican Shamans

The Lattice Theory and Morphic Resonance

Neuroplasticity and Consciousness

The Closing of the Laboratory

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The Disappearance of Jacobo Grinberg

Parapsychology: Definitions and Theories

CIA's Psychic Investigations: Remote Viewing and Planetary Exploration

Psychic Investigations in Crisis Situations

The Tivissa Case and Julio Roca Muntañola

A Psychic Session and Personal Reflections

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The Luengo Capilla Case: Debunking the Myths

The Mysterious Dr. Velasco

'The Case for the UFOs' and the Philadelphia Experiment