El Ojo Critico - No 82 - Nov 2016

Magazine Overview

This issue of EL OJO CRÍTICO, number 82, published in November 2016, is a free publication from GRUPO FENIX, based in La Coruña, Spain. It is dedicated to investigative research for investigators, covering topics ranging from UFO phenomena and historical mysteries to scientific and journalistic critiques.

Featured Articles and Investigations

Manises 1978: The OVNI Scramble That Didn't Happen

The cover story investigates the Manises 1978 UFO incident, focusing on the alleged 'scramble' by the Spanish Air Force. The article suggests that this event may not have occurred as officially reported, questioning the narrative and the declassification process.

Declassification of Spanish Air Force OVNI Files

This issue highlights the publication of declassified OVNI reports by the Spanish Ministry of Defense. The article details how 80 files, comprising 1,953 pages of sightings and incidents between 1962 and 1995, have been digitized and made available online through the Virtual Library of Defense (BVD). It explains the process of collection, classification, and eventual declassification, noting that the files primarily concern cases investigated by the Air Force.

J.A. Morales: Geology and History Beyond the Pillars of Hercules

This extensive interview with geologist J.A. Morales explores the intersection of geology and history. Morales, an expert in interpreting coastal environments and determining past tsunamis, argues that geological evidence is crucial for understanding historical events and societies. He criticizes historians for often neglecting geological context and discusses how geological formations can be misinterpreted. The interview also touches upon his novel 'Más Allá de las Columnas de Hércules,' which reconstructs Tartessian civilization, and his views on interpreting planetary geology.

The Gospel of Barnabas: A Critical Analysis

The article 'LA BIBLIA DE ANKARA: UN ANÁLISIS CRÍTICO' examines the Gospel of Barnabas, an apocryphal text housed in Ankara, Turkey, dating back over 1500 years. It discusses claims that this gospel denies Jesus's crucifixion and predicts the arrival of Islam. The author critically analyzes the news surrounding this discovery, pointing out inaccuracies in reporting and the historical context of the selection of canonical gospels. The article suggests that the gospel's alignment with Islamic beliefs may have led to attempts by the Vatican to suppress it.

Traditional Chinese Remedy for Cancer

A brief report details a study by the University of Adelaide demonstrating the effectiveness of an ancient Chinese herbal remedy in destroying tumor cells. While the remedy is approved in China and used alongside chemotherapy, its exact mechanism of action remains unknown. The research employed a systems biology approach to analyze the molecular interactions of the herbal compounds.

Other Articles and Sections

• 'Mentiras Arriesgadas' (Risky Lies): An editorial by Manuel Carballal criticizes sensationalist journalism, specifically accusing the magazine 'El Caso' of plagiarism and manipulation in its reporting on the UMMO phenomenon.
• 'El caso Diatlov': An investigation into the mysterious deaths of nine hikers in the Ural Mountains.
• 'El cráneo "alienígena" de Sealand': An examination of the alleged 'alien' skull found on Sealand.
• 'OVNIS nazis... ¿Mito o timo?': An exploration of the alleged connection between UFOs and Nazi Germany.
• 'El Pub Abraxas y la ufología catalana': A look at UFO phenomena in Catalonia.
• '2 Enigmas: Piri Reis y la batalla de Lepanto': An investigation into two historical enigmas.
• 'Los niños brujo': A piece on the phenomenon of 'witch children'.
• 'UMMO: historia de una obsesión': A historical account of the UMMO phenomenon.
• 'El sesgo del superviviente': A discussion on survivor bias.
• 'La Geología puede aportar pruebas sobre eventos que no tenían explicación': A section featuring J.A. Morales discussing geological evidence for historical events.
• 'Un análisis jurídico de la desclasificación': A legal perspective on the declassification of UFO files.
• 'Roswell, el informe definitivo': A review or discussion of the Roswell incident.
• 'Celibato, Sexo y Espiritualidad': A section exploring the intersection of these themes.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine consistently champions rigorous investigation and critical analysis, particularly in the fields of UFOlogy, paranormal phenomena, and historical mysteries. It actively debunks sensationalism and misinformation, as seen in the editorial criticizing 'El Caso' and the critical examination of the Gospel of Barnabas news. The publication promotes a multidisciplinary approach, integrating scientific disciplines like geology with historical research. The editorial stance is one of skepticism towards unsubstantiated claims and a commitment to presenting well-researched information, even when it challenges popular narratives or established beliefs. The declassification of official documents, such as the Spanish Air Force OVNI files, is presented as a positive step towards transparency and informed public discourse.

This issue of CRITICO, dated 2016, features a prominent cover story titled 'EL ENIGMA DIATLOV: LA NOCHE DEL TERROR' (The Diatlov Enigma: The Night of Terror), focusing on the mysterious deaths of nine explorers in the Ural Mountains in 1959. The magazine also includes an article debunking the authenticity of the 'Gospel of Barnabas' as an ancient text.

The Gospel of Barnabas: A Modern Forgery

The article begins by addressing the recent viral news about a 'Bible' found in Ankara, dating back over 1500 years, which supposedly contains the Gospel of Barnabas. The author explains that while the Bible has been accepted since the early centuries of Christianity, the Gospel of Barnabas is a much later text, likely written in the 16th or 17th century. The author dismisses the idea that a 5th-century Bible could contain a 16th-century text, pointing out that the 'Gospel of Barnabas' is considered an apocryphal text, possibly created by a Muslim writer to align with Islamic views on Jesus. Key differences highlighted include Jesus denying being the Son of God or the Messiah, and the substitution of Judas for Jesus during the crucifixion, a claim also found in the Quran. The article notes that the manuscript found in Ankara is not an ancient artifact but a 15th or 16th-century leather-bound book, and that only two pages have been shown, with one scholar suggesting it might be a Syriac-Aramaic translation of the Gospel of Matthew, not the Gospel of Barnabas. The author concludes that the sensationalized claims are a modern fraud, designed to attract attention.

The Diatlov Pass Incident: The Night of Terror

The main feature delves into the enigmatic death of nine hikers in the Ural Mountains in February 1959. The expedition, led by Igor Dyatlov, consisted of experienced hikers and students. The incident remains one of the most baffling mysteries, with numerous hypotheses but no definitive explanation.

The Tragedy on the Mountain of Death

The group of nine set out on January 23, 1959, to climb Mount Otorten. The expedition was led by Igor Dyatlov (23) and included Zinaida Kolmogorova (22), Liudmila Dubinina (21), Aleksandr Kolevatov (25), Rustem Slobodin (23), Yuri Krivonischenko (24), Yuri Doroshenko (21), Nicolas Thibeaux-Brignolle (24), and experienced guide Alexander Zolotarev (37). The group was initially larger but reduced due to last-minute dropouts. Yuri Yudin left the expedition early on January 28th due to illness.

When the group failed to return by the expected date, a rescue operation was launched on February 22nd, involving military personnel, local Mansi tribesmen, and volunteers. Despite an extensive search, the explorers were not found near their intended destination. Early theories suggested they might have gotten lost or injured.

The Discovery

On January 26th, ski tracks were found, but the group had deviated significantly from their planned route, traveling about 14 kilometers to the east slope of Mount Jolat Siajl (Mountain of Death). On the morning of February 27th, rescuers discovered the group's tent, torn and partially collapsed. Strangely, the tent had numerous cuts from the inside, and no bodies were initially found. However, the explorers' clothing and boots were inside.

Autopsies of the First Five Bodies

Autopsies were conducted on March 4, 1959. Krivonischenko and Doroshenko (Group 1) were found partially clothed and barefoot, with minor injuries and signs of burns, attributed to trying to warm themselves by a fire. Their deaths were officially ruled as hypothermia. Kolmogorova (Group 2) also died of hypothermia, with injuries suggesting she fell on rocks. Dyatlov (Group 2) was found partially clothed, his watch stopped at 5:31 AM, and his death was attributed to hypothermia. Slobodin (Group 2) had a significant skull fracture, which, while not immediately lethal, likely contributed to his hypothermia. The initial conclusion for these five was hypothermia, with some suggesting their clothing was used by others after death to stay warm.

Discovery of the Remaining Group

On May 5, 1959, the remaining four bodies were found in a ravine, about 4 meters deep in the snow, approximately 70 meters from Group 1. These included Liudmila Dubinina, Alexander Zolotarev, Aleksandr Kolevatov, and Nicolas Thibeaux-Brignolle (Group 3). They were found in a line from the tent to the ravine. Nicolas had severe head trauma, and Liudmila had a broken neck, missing eyes, and tongue. Zolotarev had fractured ribs and also missing eyes. The autopsies for these four were conducted later and had irregularities, including missing signatures and corrections, which contravened protocol.

Autopsies of the Lost Group

Further autopsies on Group 3 revealed severe injuries. Liudmila Dubinina suffered extensive internal hemorrhaging, fractured ribs, and a fractured neck, likely from intense force. Alexander Zolotarev had missing eyes, a flattened nose, exposed parietal bone, fractured ribs, and a severe hemothorax. Aleksandr Kolevatov had soft tissue missing around his eyes and eyebrows, a broken nose, and a significant head wound. Nicolas Thibeaux-Brignolle had a severe skull fracture from a blunt object, but his death was attributed to hypothermia. The reports for Dubinina, Zolotarev, Kolevatov, and Thibeaux-Brignolle were noted for procedural irregularities.

Forensic Conclusions and Unanswered Questions

Forensic experts initially concluded that the deaths were due to hypothermia, noting the absence of external aggressive injuries, animal attacks, or bullet wounds. However, the skull fracture on Slobodin and the pulmonary edema and contusions on Doroshenko suggested more severe trauma than initially assessed. The official report stated that the explorers fled their tent in a panic due to an unknown natural phenomenon, leading to their deaths from exposure. The article highlights several enigmas:

1. Frenzied Escape: The tent was cut from the inside, suggesting a panicked exit. However, the tracks in the snow did not indicate a chaotic flight, leading to speculation that the tent was destroyed to prevent the explorers from returning.
2. External Threat: The explorers did not use their weapons (axe, rifle, knives) to defend themselves, and the fire they made suggests the 'threat' had disappeared by then.
3. Body Placement: Some experts believe the bodies were manipulated after death, indicating human presence at the scene.
4. Wounds: The injuries could have been inflicted by 'aggressors' to hasten death by freezing.
5. Military Intervention: Theories suggest military involvement, possibly due to a failed experiment or a mistaken identity (mistaking the hikers for escaped prisoners or spies). The presence of military gaiters and alleged sightings of unexplained lights (UFOs) fuel this hypothesis.
6. UFOs: Sightings of 'brilliant spheres' and 'fireballs' in the area around the time of the incident have led some to believe UFOs were involved.

The Case's Unresolved Data

The article concludes that while the years have passed, the Dyatlov Pass incident remains a profound mystery. The official explanation of 'overwhelming natural forces' is considered insufficient and an insult to the victims' families. The author suggests that Russian authorities possess more documentation than has been revealed, citing the lack of detailed photographs and the superficial description of damage to nearby trees as suspicious.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine consistently explores mysteries, unexplained phenomena, and historical enigmas. The editorial stance appears to be one of critical inquiry, seeking to debunk sensationalized claims (like the Gospel of Barnabas) while thoroughly investigating complex cases (like the Dyatlov Pass incident) by presenting various theories and evidence, even if definitive answers remain elusive. There's an underlying skepticism towards official explanations when they appear incomplete or contradictory, suggesting a willingness to explore conspiracy theories and potential government cover-ups.

This issue of 'CRITICO' magazine, identified by its issue number '21', delves into various unexplained phenomena, with a significant focus on the 'Ertzaintza and the Ayurdin Humanoid' case. The publication explores alleged encounters with the paranormal, extraterrestrial, and mysterious events, while also touching upon scientific and religious perspectives on miracles and healing.

The Ertzaintza and the Ayurdin Humanoid

The central article details the investigation into a peculiar incident involving the Ertzaintza (Basque police) in the early 1990s. The author recounts how rumors of unusual situations experienced by Ertzaintza patrols in Alava led to a two-decade search for information. The investigation gained traction in 2014 when the author found a lead through a family connection to a retired Ertzaintza agent, José Miguel Ahedo. Initially, Ahedo denied knowledge of a specific case involving a patrol car being pursued by a luminous object near the Puerto de Orduña. However, he then recalled a different, equally strange event from 1984. While on patrol near the Ayurdín tunnel, Ahedo and his partner received a call about a 'ghost' on the road. Upon arrival, they observed a large, dark, hooded figure, approximately two meters tall, standing motionless in the middle of the road. The figure was described as entirely black, with no visible face, arms, or feet, only a large, dark tunic and hood. Despite shining their headlights directly on it, they could see nothing inside the hood. The figure then vanished instantaneously, not by moving to the side, but by simply disappearing. Ahedo described the event as impossible and unlike anything a person could do. He recounted exiting the vehicle with a shotgun, while his partner illuminated the area, but found no trace of the figure. The incident left both officers bewildered.

Other Unexplained Incidents and Testimonies

The magazine also presents other related accounts. A truck driver in the 1970s reported being followed by a UFO near the Puerto de Altube and Aiurdin tunnel. Another case mentioned is the 'Sealand Skull', a hoax involving a skull found in Denmark that was claimed to be 50% larger than a human skull and 800 years old, with features resembling typical extraterrestrial descriptions. The article traces the origin of this hoax to online platforms and media outlets that sensationalized the find without proper verification.

Further accounts include a report from a former Ertzaintza Coordination Center employee who recalled a trucker's call about a 'levitating being' in the Ayurdín tunnel, linking it to the Ahedo case. The article also revisits the Puerto de Orduña incident, where agents were pursued by a luminous object, noting that the case gained more attention after the Ahedo testimony was publicized.

Miracles and Spontaneous Remission

Beyond UFO and humanoid encounters, the magazine explores the concept of miracles and spontaneous remission of diseases. It discusses the canonization of Mother Teresa of Calcutta, which required two miracles: the recovery of Mónica Besra from ovarian cancer and the healing of Marcilio Haddad Andrino from a severe bacterial infection. The article questions the administrative nature of miracles within the Church and contrasts them with scientific inquiry, which demands transparency, peer review, and rigorous testing.

The piece highlights the phenomenon of spontaneous remission, particularly in cancer cases. It cites studies and expert opinions, including research by Luigi Garlaschelli and observations on the regression of neuroblastomas in children. The article suggests that the body's immune response, potentially triggered by infections, might play a role in these recoveries, rather than divine intervention alone. It emphasizes that while these recoveries are extraordinary, they do not negate the importance of medical treatment.

Editorial Stance and Themes

The magazine adopts a critical yet open-minded approach to paranormal phenomena. It aims to investigate and present evidence, while also debunking hoaxes and providing scientific context. The recurring themes include unexplained aerial phenomena (UAP), humanoid encounters, police involvement in mysterious events, and the intersection of science, belief, and the unexplained. The editorial stance appears to favor rigorous investigation and evidence-based conclusions, while acknowledging the limitations of current scientific understanding in fully explaining all phenomena.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

This issue consistently explores the boundaries between the known and the unknown, particularly concerning unexplained aerial phenomena and encounters with mysterious beings. The magazine emphasizes the importance of witness testimony, especially from credible sources like law enforcement officers, while also critically examining the spread of hoaxes and misinformation through media and the internet. The inclusion of articles on miracles and spontaneous remission suggests an interest in phenomena that challenge conventional scientific or religious explanations, prompting readers to consider alternative perspectives and the ongoing evolution of scientific understanding. The overall editorial stance is one of investigative journalism, seeking to uncover and present intriguing cases while maintaining a degree of skepticism and encouraging critical thinking.

This issue of 'El Ojo Crítico' (The Critical Eye) focuses on debunking paranormal claims and exploring the intersection of pseudoscience, conspiracy theories, and historical revisionism. The magazine adopts a skeptical stance, aiming to separate fact from fiction.

Fraudulent Skulls: A Gallery of Hoaxes

The issue begins by addressing widely circulated online hoaxes involving giant skulls and alien skeletons. It explains that these images are often digitally manipulated using software like Photoshop, with artists creating them for platforms like Worth1000. The article highlights the case of a skull found in Mexico, initially claimed to be an alien hybrid but later identified through DNA testing as belonging to a child who lived 900 years ago and suffered from hydrocephalus. Similarly, the famous crystal skulls are revealed to be European-made fakes from the 19th century, with Eugène Boban identified as a falsifier. The notorious Piltdown Man fraud is also discussed, a case where a skull and jawbone, presented as the missing link in human evolution for 41 years, were eventually exposed as a composite of a human skull, an orangutan jawbone, and an ape tooth.

The Sealand Skull: A Startling Alien-Like Discovery?

A section titled 'Meet The Mysterious Sealand Skull' presents a case from May 2015, describing an object 1.5 times larger than a human skull, discovered and photographed by Anton Spangenberg. The article questions its authenticity, pointing out several visual anomalies in the provided photos: unnaturally dark eye and nasal sockets, teeth appearing as a single block with no imperfections, painted lines across the skull, disproportionately large eye sockets for the skull's size, pixelation suggesting digital retouching, and a jawline lacking the rounded edges for a mandibular fossa. The texture and shine suggest it might be made of wood or ceramic, leading to the conclusion that it is a manufactured item.

Nazi UFOs: Myth or Reality?

A significant portion of the magazine is dedicated to debunking the myth of Nazi flying saucers and advanced alien technology during World War II. The article '¿Se estrelló un platillo volante en Alemania antes de Roswell? OVNIS DEL III REICH: ¿Mito o realidad?' (Did a flying saucer crash in Germany before Roswell? UFOs of the Third Reich: Myth or Reality?) examines claims that the Nazis recovered alien technology from a crash near Freiburg in 1936. It cites Jan van Helsing's book 'Sociedades secretas y su poder en el siglo XX' as a primary source for this narrative. However, the magazine critically analyzes Van Helsing's work, revealing that his real name is Udo Holey, an author accused of antisemitism and minimizing the Holocaust. The article points out that Van Helsing's account of the Freiburg incident is brief and lacks credible evidence, with no independent verification or scientific reports to support it. The University of Niels Bohr in Copenhagen has denied any involvement with carbon-14 dating related to such a discovery. The magazine also dismisses the existence of the 'Vril Society,' a supposed secret organization that fueled these theories, attributing its origin to speculative fiction and esoteric literature.

Vimanas and the Haunebu Project

The article delves into the alleged inspiration for Nazi flying saucer designs from ancient Indian 'Vimanas.' It explains that Vimanas are described in ancient Sanskrit texts, but the magazine argues that the Vymaanika-Shaastra, a text detailing their aeronautical capabilities, is a 20th-century forgery. A 1974 study by the Aeronautical Institute of Bangalore reportedly found that the described devices lacked any capacity for flight. The magazine suggests that the 'Haunebu' project, which involved designing circular, antigravitational aircraft, was likely propaganda rather than based on recovered alien technology. It concludes that the Nazi UFO narrative serves to mythologize Aryan superiority and distract from historical atrocities.

The 'Pub' Abraxas and Catalan Ufology

Another section shifts focus to the history of ufology in Catalonia, Spain, through the memoirs of Vicente Pérez Baeza, a biologist and director of the Centro de Estudios Interplanetarios. He recounts his experiences in the 1980s at the 'Pub Abraxas' in Barcelona, a meeting place for enthusiasts of the paranormal and esoteric. He describes talks given by various figures, including Carole Ramis on the 'Triangle of the Balearics,' and mentions other speakers discussing topics like ancient civilizations, astrology, and psychophony. The pub served as a hub for exchanging ideas and fostering a sense of community among those interested in these subjects.

Exposing Fraudulent Mediums

The magazine reports on an initiative by the National Union of Spiritualists to combat fraud in physical mediumship. The campaign involves using infrared cameras during séances to detect charlatans. This measure was prompted by the exposure of British medium Gary Mannion, who was filmed using infrared technology to fake phenomena like moving objects and creating 'spiritual wind.' The article emphasizes the importance of using new technologies to maintain the credibility of spiritualism.

Near-Death Experiences (NDEs) in Spain

Finally, the issue features a summary of the first doctoral thesis on Near-Death Experiences (NDEs) defended in Spain, authored by Dr. Cristina Lázaro. The thesis aims to provide an academic framework for understanding NDEs, which are often misunderstood and relegated to the realm of pseudoscience. Lázaro's research, conducted both inside and outside hospital settings, seeks to explore the biopsychosocial implications of NDEs and establish a reference point for future academic study in Spain.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue are skepticism towards extraordinary claims, the debunking of hoaxes and pseudoscience, and the critical examination of conspiracy theories. 'El Ojo Crítico' consistently promotes a rational and evidence-based approach, encouraging readers to be discerning and to avoid spreading unsubstantiated information. The editorial stance is clearly against fraud and misinformation, advocating for a healthy skepticism towards sensationalist narratives, particularly those that may serve to obscure historical truths or promote harmful ideologies.

This issue of "El Ojo Crítico" (The Critical Eye), issue number 80, published around April 2016, delves into two primary investigative threads: a purported military UFO incident in Manises, Spain, from 1978, and research into Near-Death Experiences (NDEs).

Investigating the Manises 1978 Scramble: The Case of the Non-Existent Scramble

The cover story, "Investigamos el 'Informe' inédito de un supuesto scramble OVNI MANISES 1978: EL CASO DEL SCRAMBLE QUE NUNCA EXISTIÓ" (We Investigate the Unpublished 'Report' of a Supposed OVNI Scramble MANISES 1978: THE CASE OF THE SCRAMBLE THAT NEVER EXISTED), details a lengthy investigation by EOC into an alleged UFO encounter involving a Spanish Air Force fighter pilot in April 1978.

The investigation began with a cryptic, handwritten document found in a pilot's logbook from the Manises Air Base. The document, dated April 18, 1978, describes a pilot's experience during a scramble mission where he encountered an unidentified aerial phenomenon. The authors highlight the unusual nature of the document's source and the pilot's description of the object's behavior and the blinding light it emitted.

EOC's investigative process involved several stages. Initially, they sought information through social media and aviation forums, trying to corroborate the incident. They identified two potential authors of the document: a Colonel G. and a General A., based on initials found in the document's header. Their efforts led them to Colonel A. G., who had been stationed at Manises in 1978. However, Colonel A. G. proved to be highly skeptical and denied any knowledge of the incident or the document, even suggesting it might be a fabrication by the investigators.

Further investigation uncovered a second document: a letter from February 11, 2005, from General Director of the Historical and Cultural Institute of Aeronautics of the Spanish Air Force to ufologist Vicente Juan Ballester Olmos. This letter, responding to an inquiry about a UFO case in Morón, stated that there was no information about unidentified flying objects in the Air Base of Manises or in the history of the Air Force, and that pilots were serious people who did not see UFOs.

Crucially, EOC discovered a handwritten response from General J. A. (who had also been stationed at Manises in 1978) to Ballester Olmos. This letter, dated February 11, 2005, provided a handwriting sample. Through a fortuitous discovery in their own archives, EOC found this letter and, combined with the initial document, submitted them for handwriting analysis. Three professionals, including a graphologist and two judicial handwriting analysis cabinets, concluded that both documents were written by the same person.

This led EOC to General J. A. After a difficult process of locating him, they met with him. General J. A. admitted to writing the document but vehemently denied that the scramble incident ever occurred. He explained that pilots' logbooks were typically used for noting technical details and mundane occurrences, and that the story was likely an embellished account or a fictional narrative written out of boredom or to cope with the mundane nature of guard duty.

The investigation also touches upon the historical context of UFO sightings in Spain, referencing other incidents and parliamentary inquiries, such as the 1979 Manises incident involving a TAE flight and the subsequent scramble by Captain Fernando Cámara.

Research on Near-Death Experiences (NDEs)

Parallel to the UFO investigation, the magazine features an extensive section on Near-Death Experiences (NDEs), presented as a doctoral thesis by Cristina Lázaro Pérez from the University of Murcia. This research explores the phenomenon from various angles:

Justification for NDE Research

The study aims to contribute knowledge about NDEs, offering insights that could help individuals and professionals better cope with death and dying. It also seeks to understand the cognitive and emotional processes associated with NDEs, which can impact healthcare professionals' motivation and stress levels when dealing with death regularly.

Research Methodology

The research employed both quantitative and qualitative methods, including in-depth interviews, observations, and the administration of questionnaires. A validated scale developed by Dr. Greyson was used for external validity. The study also involved medication evaluation and statistical analysis.

Hospital-Based Stage

This phase focused on selecting a hospital and informants, spanning three years (2013-2015). Patients included in the study were those in critical condition, with a terminal diagnosis, or a life expectancy of less than six months. Families were also interviewed in cases where patients could not communicate.

Non-Hospital-Based Stage

This involved personal interviews with individuals who had experienced NDEs outside a hospital setting and the use of a Facebook group dedicated to NDEs. The Facebook group, created in February 2012, grew to over 14,200 members, becoming a significant platform for sharing experiences and raising awareness.

Analysis of Results

Data from the hospital study indicated that out of 1,134 patients admitted to the ICU, 170 were susceptible to having had an NDE. Ten individuals (5.88%) reported NDE elements, with six positive experiences, two unclassified, and two negative (distressing or infernal), reported by men. Among patients who had experienced NDEs at other times, nine were interviewed (six men, three women), all reporting positive experiences.

The study found that NDEs, regardless of their nature, contain significant symbolic and psychological content. Most experiences are positive, leading to feelings of peace. However, social conditioning and fear of judgment often lead individuals to keep their experiences private.

Discussion

The research highlights that NDEs provide evidence of consciousness extending beyond physical limitations. The study acknowledges that while most experiences are positive, some can be distressing. The role of professionals in helping individuals integrate these experiences is crucial, especially for children. The study also notes that patients often report speaking with deceased family members, and that while many NDEs are positive, some can be associated with loss (health, loved ones).

Conclusions

NDEs are a universal phenomenon, appearing across cultures and belief systems. The study established an incidence of NDEs in Murcia at 5.88%, with findings consistent with previous research. The presence of NDEs in a hospital setting is a reality, emphasizing the need for empathetic healthcare staff. The thesis concludes that NDEs remain scientifically unexplained, yet they demonstrate that consciousness may not be solely dependent on the physical brain and transcends human limits. Further rigorous study and funding are needed.

The Great Smog of London (1952)

The magazine also includes a section detailing the "Great Smog" of London in December 1952. It describes the event as a severe air pollution incident caused by coal emissions, industrial fumes, and domestic heating, which blanketed the city for five days. The smog led to an estimated 12,000 deaths and over 150,000 hospitalizations, prompting the Clean Air Act of 1956. The article explains the chemical processes involved, highlighting the role of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide in forming sulfuric acid particles.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The issue strongly emphasizes investigative journalism, critical analysis, and the pursuit of truth, particularly in unexplained phenomena like UFOs and NDEs. The editorial stance appears to be one of open-minded skepticism, encouraging rigorous research and the examination of evidence, even when it challenges conventional understanding. The magazine is committed to uncovering hidden information and presenting it to the public, as evidenced by its investigation into the Manises incident and its willingness to challenge official narratives or denials. The NDE research highlights a focus on the human experience and the potential for consciousness to transcend physical limitations, aligning with a broader interest in the mysteries of life and death.

This issue of EOC magazine, dated October 2, 2016, with issue number 344, focuses on the intriguing 1979 incident involving a pilot who heard child voices during a UFO intercept near Motril, Spain. The magazine explores the possibility of this being a result of electronic warfare and military maneuvers, alongside other paranormal and historical topics.

The Motril Incident: Child Voices and Electronic Warfare

The lead article revisits the famous radar echo of November 17, 1979, when a fighter jet from the Los Llanos base was scrambled to intercept three strong lights of identical color and intensity, shaped like an isosceles triangle, heading towards Motril. Despite flying at nearly Mach 1 for ten minutes, the jet could not reach the objects. More disturbingly, during the return flight over maritime territory, the pilot received a strange, half-minute message on UHF channel 11, consisting of a child's laughter and voice saying "Hello, how are you? Hello... Hello." This event is part of the declassified file 791117 by the Spanish Air Force, and was notably expanded upon by journalist J. J. Benítez.

A General, who was stationed in the Electronic Warfare section of the Air Force Staff from 1987 to 1995, reveals that Americans employed jamming measures through a Hercules 130 aircraft. This jamming, which introduces false or erroneous information into communications, was used on communications channels, interfering with mission orders. The General recounts a specific instance where, besides jamming radars, they also jammed communications, recording a child's voice on tape. This recording was played to a pilot flying near the Balearic Islands, coinciding with his son being ill in the hospital. The General states that the operation was under summary secrecy and that the true motives were "to conduct tests, to mess around."

This declaration aligns with information obtained on October 2, 2015, concerning an OVNI incident near Motril, suggesting a military maneuver as the primary cause. It is reported that a Moroccan plane invaded Spanish airspace, prompting an alert from the Air Surveillance Squadron No. 9 in Motril to the Torrejón de Ardoz Air Base. Subsequently, a fighter jet was dispatched to intercept the intruder.

The article posits that the Moroccan plane incident, combined with the General's testimony, raises serious questions about whether the OVNI and the child voices had a much more terrestrial origin than initially imagined.

Other Articles and Topics

Orbita Laika vs. Cuarto Milenio

The magazine notes a conflict between the TVE science program "Orbita Laika" and "Cuarto Milenio," with "Orbita Laika" criticizing "Cuarto Milenio" for promoting pseudoscience, particularly regarding electromagnetic contamination.

Paranormal Claims on "El Hormiguero"

Actors Penélope Cruz and Chino Darín, along with presenter Pablo Motos, admitted to having experienced paranormal phenomena on the show "El Hormiguero." Motos described a pseudo-OVNI alert in Requena, Darín a shamanic experience in Peru, and Cruz declined to detail her experience.

Pseudo-Skeptics and Frauds

Argentine journalist Alejandro Agostinelli is mentioned in relation to a dubious crowdfunding campaign for investigating alleged "strange" phenomena, which the magazine labels as a potential scam.

Jonathan Reed Case and Daniel Muñoz

The article discusses the case of Jonathan Reed, with Daniel Muñoz acknowledging the authenticity of a video showing collaborators of mystery businessman Jaime Maussan discussing the economic interests in the case.

Viral Hoaxes

Several instances of viral videos being revealed as hoaxes are presented, including a "ghost woman" in Mexico City and videos created by the Australian company The Woolshed Company, such as a skier nearly attacked by a bear.

Aramis Fuster's Confession

The self-proclaimed psychic Aramis Fuster confessed on the show "Sálvame" that she is neither a psychic nor a witch, and now earns a living as a Sado-Masochist.

José Juan Montejo Wins Award

José Juan Montejo won the VI Juan Antonio Cebrián Award for Historical Dissemination for his book "Los enigmas de Piri Reis y otros navegantes."

Criticism of M.E.O.

Esteban Hernández's critique of the "Movimiento Escéptico Organizado" (M.E.O.) is highlighted, labeling them as intolerant fanatics.

Historical UFO Photos

A historical image of ufologists Antonio Ribera and Ignacio Darnaude in Seville in the 1960s is presented, reflecting a golden age of Spanish ufology.

Books on UFOs

The article mentions the increasing availability of self-published UFO books on platforms like Amazon and Ebay.

EGB Reading Books and UMMO Symbol

Children's reading books from the 1970s (Senda edition) are noted for featuring a flying saucer and a "Martian girl" with the UMMO symbol, suggesting a connection to extraterrestrial origins.

"El Dragón Invisible" Program

Jesús Ortega launches a new program called "El Dragón Invisible" on Radio Castilla-La Mancha, offering a critical perspective on mystery.

"Cazafantasmas" Detained

Ryan Buell, the host of "Paranormal State," was arrested for theft and receiving stolen property.

Benítez vs. Jordán Peña

A TVE program "Fantástico" from 1979 is highlighted for featuring the first public confrontation between J.J. Benítez and José Luis Jordán Peña.

Death of Virgilio Sánchez-Ocejo

The passing of Cuban investigator Virgilio Sánchez-Ocejo, director of the Miami UFO Center, is reported as a significant loss to international ufology.

Father Gabriel Amorth's Passing

The death of Catholic priest Gabriel Amorth, a prominent exorcist, is noted.

Piri Reis Map and Historical Enigmas

An extensive article discusses the historical Piri Reis map, its origins, and the theories surrounding its accuracy and potential knowledge of continents like Antarctica and America long before their supposed discovery. It examines the claims of aerial photography and advanced civilizations, referencing historical correspondence and research by figures like Charles Hapgood and Ivan T. Sanderson.

Near-Death Experiences (NDEs) and the LGBTQ+ Community

Dr. Liz Dale's study on NDEs within the gay, lesbian, transgender, and bisexual community is mentioned, with a call for further participation in her research.

EOC's Ivoox Channel

EOC launches its own channel on Ivoox for audio programs and documents.

FotoForensics Tool

The photo analysis tool FotoForensics is introduced for detecting manipulated images.

"Reeditar a los Clásicos" Project

A non-profit project aims to republish out-of-print mystery and Fortean books, starting with John Keel's "Operación Caballo de Troya."

"El Ángel de la Guarda del Ministro"

The article touches upon the public statement by former Minister Jorge Fernández Díaz about believing in his guardian angel.

Agostinelli's Right to Reply

Alejandro Agostinelli demands a right to reply from "El ojo crítico" regarding an article that he claims unfairly accuses him of involvement in a paranormal scam.

Book on Spanish Abductee Prospera Muñoz

A new book, "Contacto entre dos mundos," by Jorge Sánchez, is announced, focusing on the case of Spanish abductee Prospera Muñoz.

"The Seven Sins of Memory"

Dr. Daniel L. Schacter's book "The Seven Sins of Memory" is recommended for understanding how human memory can deceive.

Elisabeth Kübler-Ross's Work

Elisabeth Kübler-Ross's book "La muerte: un amanecer" is highlighted as a seminal work on near-death experiences and assisting terminally ill patients.

"Espiritismo en la India" by Luis Jacolliot

Luis Jacolliot's 1925 book "Espiritismo en la India" is presented as a valuable resource for researchers interested in the history of spiritualism and psychical research.

José Antonio Roldán's Books

Two books by José Antonio Roldán, "Veracruz: el misterio en estado puro" and "En la búsqueda," are reviewed.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

This issue of EOC magazine demonstrates a consistent stance of critical inquiry into paranormal claims, UFO phenomena, and historical mysteries. While acknowledging intriguing cases like the Motril incident, the magazine often seeks rational explanations, including potential hoaxes, psychological factors, and military activities. There is a strong emphasis on debunking fraudulent claims and pseudoscience, as seen in the critiques of "Orbita Laika," Agostinelli, and viral hoaxes. The magazine also engages with historical research, particularly concerning ancient maps and unexplained phenomena, while maintaining a skeptical yet open-minded approach. The editorial stance appears to be one of promoting a more grounded and evidence-based understanding of mysteries, encouraging readers to question sensationalized claims and to seek deeper, often more mundane, explanations.

EL CRITICO, Issue 65, dated January 1948 (though content spans later periods), is a Spanish-language magazine that delves into a diverse range of topics, including historical mysteries, conspiracy theories, ufology, esotericism, and social commentary.

Historical Naval Engagements and the Piri Reis Map

The issue begins by detailing historical naval battles involving Kemal Reis, uncle of the famed cartographer Pîri Reis. These engagements, primarily against the Venetian Republic in the late 15th century, include the battles of Lepanto (Inebahti) and Modon. The text highlights the predominant use of cannons in these conflicts. It also touches upon the Piri Reis map, referencing a communication from the Turkish Embassy in Washington confirming Pîri Reis's participation in these battles alongside his uncle Kemal. The article notes the interest of polar explorer Paul Émile Victor in the map and the mystery surrounding a "lost civilization."

The Strange Death of a Conspiracy Theorist

A significant portion of the magazine is dedicated to the mysterious death of British conspiracy theorist Max Spiers in Warsaw, Poland. Spiers, known for his investigations into government conspiracies and UFO cover-ups, sent a cryptic message to his mother before his death, stating, "I'm in trouble. If anything happens to me, investigate." His mother, Vanessa Bates, believes he was murdered by "enemies" of the government. The circumstances surrounding his death, including the ingestion of a mysterious black liquid, are deemed suspicious by his followers and family, who are demanding an autopsy and further investigation.

Ufology and the Roswell Incident

The magazine features an extensive interview with ufologist José Antonio Caravaca about his book "Expediente Roswell: El Informe Definitivo." Caravaca discusses his research into the Roswell incident, the controversial "Roswell slides," and the role of key figures like Jesse Marcel and Philip Corso. He expresses skepticism about the official "Project Mogul" explanation and highlights the persistent belief that the US government is concealing information about the event. The interview also touches upon other related theories, such as "Majestic 12" documents and the Aztec incident.

Legal Analysis of UFO Information Declassification

A legal perspective is offered by Javier López, who analyzes the possibility of declassifying UFO-related information in Spain. He discusses the legal framework in Spain concerning access to public information, particularly concerning national security and defense, citing the Constitution and relevant transparency laws. López concludes that while there is a right to information, national security concerns would likely prevent the full declassification of sensitive UFO-related documents, making political promises like Hillary Clinton's difficult to fulfill.

The Phenomenon of 'Child Witches' in Africa

Another article addresses the historical persecution of women as witches during the Inquisition and draws a parallel to the modern phenomenon of "child witches" in Africa. The text describes how, in countries like the Democratic Republic of the Congo, children are accused of witchcraft due to various physical or social issues, leading to their abandonment, abuse, or death. The article criticizes the ignorance and absurdity that fuels these practices, often exploited by religious sects.

Tantra: Esotericism, Sexuality, and Spirituality

The magazine explores the practice of Tantra, defining it as a philosophy of life originating in the East over 4,000 years ago. It explains the four fundamental keys of Tantra: self-acceptance, being present in the moment, expressing feelings, and achieving harmonious movement. The article delves into "Tantric sex," emphasizing its focus on enjoying pleasure with all senses, prolonging intimacy, and fostering a deeper connection between partners, rather than solely on orgasm. It also discusses the concept of "Kundalini energy," described as a powerful sexual force that, when properly channeled, can lead to spiritual advancement and emotional well-being. The piece debunks common myths about Tantra, distinguishing it from practices like the Kamasutra, and highlights its growing popularity in Spain.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue of EL CRITICO include the enduring power of mystery and conspiracy, the search for truth behind unexplained phenomena, and the critique of societal control mechanisms, whether historical or contemporary. The magazine appears to adopt a stance that questions official narratives and encourages critical thinking about unexplained events and societal issues. There is a clear interest in exploring alternative histories and esoteric beliefs, while also grounding some discussions in legal and social analysis. The editorial tone is investigative and often critical of established powers and societal injustices.

This issue of El Ojo Crítico, identified as number 77 and volume XXIV, published in May 2016, focuses on the complex and often controversial intersections of sex, esotericism, spirituality, and pseudocience. The cover headline, "El sexo en el esoterismo: fraude y realidad CELIBATO, CASTIDAD Y ESPIRITUALIDAD," sets the tone for an exploration of how sexual control and practices are utilized within various spiritual and pseudo-spiritual movements.

Sex in Esotericism: Fraud and Reality

The lead article, "El sexo en el esoterismo: fraude y realidad," posits that sex, rather than just financial gain or power, is a frequent motivator behind scams in sects and New Religious Movements. It cites examples ranging from Bhagwan Rajneesh's tantric yoga and Aleister Crowley's 'green magic' to hidden prostitution within groups like the Children of God (CEIS). The article also touches upon movements that partially control sexual activity, such as Gnostic groups founded by Samael Aun Weor, and those that claim total control, like Carlos Castaneda's pseudo-Toltec witchcraft.

Celibacy as a Spiritual Tool

The issue highlights the concept of celibacy as a spiritual practice. The death of singer Prince in May 2016 coincides with sociological statistics from Japan indicating a growing apathy towards sex among young people, with a significant percentage remaining virgins. The article references a study by the National Institute of Demographic and Social Research, showing that nearly half of Japanese individuals aged 18-34 declare themselves virgins, and a substantial portion express no interest in romantic relationships.

Prince himself reportedly embraced celibacy after joining the Jehovah's Witnesses. The article draws parallels between this and historical figures like Plato, James Mathew Barrie, Karl Lagerfeld, Paul Erdös, Nicola Tesla, Jorge Luis Borges, and Isaac Newton, who, at various points in their lives, renounced sex for ideological, philosophical, religious, or psychological reasons. It also notes the growing visibility of asexuality through organizations like AVEN and mentions contemporary celebrities like Lenny Kravitz and Lady Gaga who have spoken about celibacy or asexuality.

Historically, celibacy was not exclusive to Catholicism. Hinduism and Buddhism have long incorporated asexualism as a characteristic of ascetics seeking enlightenment by distancing themselves from worldly pleasures. However, monotheistic religions like Judaism and Islam do not typically link chastity with spirituality.

Tantra and the 'Dry Path'

The magazine contrasts the "dry path" of Tantra Yoga, which emphasizes sexual abstinence, with the "wet path," or sexual Tantra, popularized in the West through works like the Kama Sutra. Authors like Carlos Castaneda and Thaysa Abelar promoted celibacy as essential for shamanic freedom, influencing thousands of followers. Contemporary gurus like Satchidanda Marshall Govindan also preach the "dry path." The arguments for sexual abstinence often revolve around preserving "energetic threads" or controlling primitive instincts, with some proponents like Samael Aun Wor advising against male ejaculation.

The Dalai Lama on Celibacy and Tantra

An interview with the Dalai Lama addresses the necessity of celibacy for enlightenment. He clarifies that while the Buddha adopted celibacy, its primary purpose in the "Vinya Sutra" was to reduce desire and attachment. In Tantrayana, sexual energy and pleasure are seen as a source for dissolving gross consciousness, but this energy must be controlled and redirected. The Dalai Lama explains that while sexual energy is utilized in Tibetan Buddhist iconography, it is ultimately controlled. He emphasizes the importance of controlling energy and preventing ejaculation, noting that this is not merely a normal sexual act. Regarding women's participation, he states that the principles are the same, involving the control and redirection of their own energies, similar to practices like Kundalini yoga.

Pseudocience and the 'Survivorship Bias'

Javier Armentia and Luis Alfonso Gámez contribute articles critiquing pseudocience and flawed scientific reasoning. Armentia's piece, "Un estudio sobre la insensatez humana: LOS CIENCINAZIS Y LOS VERDADEROS MAGUFOS," discusses the increasing prevalence of flawed scientific studies, citing instances of retracted research and manipulated data driven by academic competition and the pressure to "publish or perish." He notes how scientific findings are often presented with exaggerated claims, particularly in technology, leading to a phenomenon he calls "technological solutionism."

Gámez's article, "'O piensas como yo o eres un imbécil'," focuses on the dogmatic attitude of some scientific proponents who attack any dissenters as inferior. He criticizes how critics of scientific studies are often labeled as anti-science, regardless of whether the criticism pertains to methodological rigor, the influence of funding sources, or the potential for biased conclusions. The article highlights how this mentality can lead to the dismissal of valid critiques.

The 'Survivorship Bias'

A significant portion of the issue is dedicated to explaining the "survivorship bias." This cognitive bias occurs when one focuses only on the individuals or elements that have survived a process, neglecting those that did not. This leads to erroneous conclusions, as demonstrated by Abraham Wald's analysis of damaged World War II aircraft. Instead of reinforcing areas with bullet holes, he correctly advised reinforcing areas without holes, as those planes were the ones that did not return. The bias is illustrated with examples from horoscopes, psychic predictions, and the reporting of miraculous cures at sites like Lourdes, where only successful cases are publicized, ignoring the vast majority of failures.

The article extends this critique to social sciences, arguing that an over-reliance on quantitative data and statistics can lead to a form of "quantophobia," distorting reality to fit models. It references Stanislav Andreski's work, which suggests that a resistance to questioning established norms and a reliance on routine make it difficult to overcome such biases.

The Ummo Phenomenon: An Obsession

An article titled "UMMO: HISTORIA DE UNA OBSESIÓN... O LO QUE PUDO SER" explores the Ummo phenomenon through a fictionalized narrative. The story follows Dei 99, a character who investigates her origins and connections to the Ummo case. The narrative involves encounters with figures associated with Spanish ufology, including fictionalized versions of Bernardo Costa (Antonio Ribera) and Sebastián Herreros (Rafael Farriols). The plot delves into alleged MILAB (military abduction) scenarios and the manipulation of evidence, including the creation of fake UFO landing sites and epistolary contactees. The article notes the author's personal fascination with the Ummo case, even after concluding it was likely a hoax, finding the human capacity for imagination and elaboration addictive.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

This issue of El Ojo Crítico consistently champions critical thinking and skepticism, particularly concerning pseudoscientific claims and sensationalized accounts. The magazine actively debunks common misconceptions and biases, such as the survivorship bias, and questions the uncritical acceptance of scientific or technological pronouncements. The editorial stance is one of rational inquiry, encouraging readers to question narratives, examine evidence rigorously, and be wary of manipulative tactics, whether in the realm of spirituality, science, or popular culture. The recurring theme is the importance of distinguishing between genuine phenomena and fabricated or misinterpreted ones, urging readers to avoid falling prey to fraud and delusion.