El Ojo Critico - No 80-81 - Jul 2016

Magazine Overview

Title: EL OJO CRITICO
Issue: 80/81
Date: July 2016
Publisher: GRUPO FENIX
Country: SPAIN
Type: Magazine of Investigation for Researchers

Main Articles and Investigations

The Yeti of Formigal: Unmasking the Hoax

This issue prominently features an in-depth investigation into the viral "Yeti of Formigal" case that captivated media attention in early 2016. El Ojo Critico meticulously reconstructs the events, tracing the story's origin to a user named 'Kangaroo' on the popular Spanish forum Forocoches. The user posted photos and later a short video, claiming to have encountered a Yeti while skiing in Formigal. The magazine highlights how the story rapidly spread across social media and was picked up by numerous national and international media outlets, including ABC, El Mundo, and Heraldo de Aragón, often without independent verification.

El Ojo Critico's investigation systematically debunks the claims by analyzing the provided evidence. They point out significant inconsistencies between the photographs and the video, noting differences in lighting, weather conditions (fog and intense snowfall in the video versus clear conditions in the photos), and the orography of the terrain, suggesting they were not captured during the same event or time. Furthermore, the analysis of the photos suggests that the figure depicted is likely a person in a suit, possibly a costume, rather than a biological creature. The magazine notes that the metadata from the photos, if accurate, indicates they were taken at different times on the same day, further undermining the narrative.

The investigation also delves into the user 'Kangaroo's' posting history, noting their veteran status on Forocoches and their insistence on the authenticity of the sighting. However, the magazine highlights Kangaroo's increasing interest in the story gaining media traction, even suggesting the possibility of involving programs like 'Cuarto Milenio'.

Crucially, El Ojo Critico identifies elements pointing towards a deliberate marketing campaign. They explore the involvement of companies like Hawkers, known for using viral marketing tactics, and the use of the Yeti as a mythical figure to generate buzz. The magazine concludes that the 'Yeti of Formigal' was a fabricated event, a publicity stunt designed to exploit the public's fascination with the paranormal and generate widespread online attention.

Other Featured Articles:

• "Jordán Peña" francés que inventó Rennes: Pierre Plantard, el creador de mitos: This article likely explores the life and fabricated history of Pierre Plantard, a figure associated with the Rennes-le-Château mystery.
• Entrevistamos a un agente que pasó las pruebas: Así es el curso operativo del CNI: An interview with an agent from the Spanish National Intelligence Center (CNI), detailing their training and operational experiences.
• ¿Héroes o charlatanes? Periodistas del Misterio: This piece likely examines the role and methods of journalists who cover paranormal and mysterious phenomena, questioning their credibility and approach.
• La investigación definitiva: El falso milagro del Cojo de Calanda: A definitive investigation into the alleged miracle of 'El Cojo de Calanda', likely exposing it as a fabrication.
• Caso Vallecas: El informe psicológico / El informe policial integro: Two reports detailing the psychological and police findings related to the 'Caso Vallecas', a notable paranormal or UFO case in Spain.
• Houdini: El azote de los médiums: An article focusing on the famous escape artist Harry Houdini and his investigations into fraudulent mediums.
• UMMO: Una explicación especulativa: A speculative explanation of the UMMO phenomenon, a complex extraterrestrial contact case.
• OVNI: Encuentro cercano de 2 policías: A report on a close encounter with a UFO involving two police officers.
• Kindelán y el "Airship" español de 1904: An article about an early Spanish airship, possibly related to Alfredo Kindelán.
• Débora Goldstern y la cueva de Los Tayos: An exploration of Débora Goldstern's work and the mysterious Los Tayos caves.
• Carlos Murciano: periodista de los OVNIS: A profile of Carlos Murciano, a journalist known for his work on UFOs.
• Satanismo y crimen organizado: An article exploring the connection between Satanism and organized crime.
• La gran mentira del Palmar de Troya: An investigation into alleged deceptions surrounding the Palmar de Troya religious sect.
• Dr. F. Rubia: Neurociencia y mística: An exploration of the intersection between neuroscience and mysticism, featuring Dr. F. Rubia.
• Los "ovnis" estrellados del Proyecto Loon: An article discussing alleged UFO crashes related to Google's Project Loon.

Editorial Stance

The editorial, titled "A vueltas con la importancia del testigo" (Revisiting the Importance of the Witness) by David Cuevas, discusses the critical role of witnesses in investigating anomalous cases, whether UFO-related or paranormal. Cuevas defends the necessity of witness testimonies as the primary source of information, even while acknowledging their potential fallibility. He criticizes armchair investigators who dismiss firsthand accounts without conducting their own fieldwork. The editorial also touches upon the challenges of obtaining accurate testimonies and the tendency for some to rely on historical accounts over contemporary ones. Cuevas advocates for a more hands-on approach to investigation, where researchers gather testimonies themselves rather than solely relying on secondary sources or the work of others.

Another section, "Disculpas por el retraso" (Apologies for the Delay) by M. Carballal, explains the postponement of an issue due to the investigation of a supposed UFO incident involving a military pilot. The magazine delayed publication to verify the authenticity of documents related to the case, which initially seemed like a potential hoax but evolved into a more surprising theory after meeting with military personnel mentioned in the documents. The editors decided to publish the rest of the content while continuing to pursue leads on the UFO incident.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

El Ojo Critico consistently focuses on debunking hoaxes, critically examining paranormal claims, and investigating unexplained phenomena with a journalistic approach. The magazine emphasizes the importance of rigorous investigation, evidence analysis, and the critical evaluation of witness testimonies and media reports. There is a clear skepticism towards sensationalism and a commitment to uncovering the truth behind mysterious events, as demonstrated by the detailed exposé of the 'Yeti of Formigal' as a marketing stunt. The publication also covers a wide range of topics within the ufological and paranormal spectrum, including historical cases, scientific perspectives (like neuroscience and mysticism), and alleged conspiracies. The editorial stance appears to be one of critical inquiry, aiming to provide readers with well-researched analyses rather than simply perpetuating myths or sensational stories.

This issue of El Ojo Crítico, dated February 2016, focuses heavily on the debunking of the 'Yeti of Formigal' incident, revealing it as a viral marketing campaign. It also features an in-depth exploration of the philosophy of Baron D'Holbach.

The Yeti of Formigal: A Marketing Campaign Unveiled

The cover story, "El Yeti de Formigal, una campaña de marketing," details how a supposed sighting of a Yeti in Formigal, Spain, initially gained traction on internet forums like Forocoches. The article explains that the news broke on January 29th when a user posted photos of what they claimed was 'an enormous animal walking on two legs' in the Formigal ski resort.

El Ojo Crítico, through its investigation, quickly identified the incident as a marketing ploy. On February 5th, they posted on their Facebook group, "I feared it... and it only took a phone call to verify it... The Yeti of Formigal is a viral advertising campaign by the Madrid-based company Marketing Directo, which will be revealed in the coming days... once again, we apologize for spoiling it ahead of time."

This revelation caused some friction with other ufologists who had shared the Yeti news. The magazine describes the experience of witnessing how millions of people shared, promoted, and spread a fabricated story. They claim to be the first to have uncovered that the Yeti of Formigal was an advertising deception that would grow with new 'evidence' over time.

Initially, only three media outlets echoed El Ojo Crítico's denunciation. On February 6th, Javier Resines' blog, Criptozoología en España, warned readers about the campaign. That same night, David Cuevas on the program Espacio en Blanco (RNE) also alerted listeners. The following day, the author of the article revealed the truth to listeners of the program La Luz de la Luna.

The article meticulously tracks the progression of the hoax through various videos and social media posts. Video 2, posted on February 6th by user Sycar on ForoCoches, presented a new video of the Yeti. Video 3, published on February 8th on Postureo Español, showed a snowmobile dragging a trailer with what appeared to be the Yeti's corpse, escorted by security guards.

Video 4, uploaded on February 8th by Twitter user @ari_winters, further fueled the campaign. The magazine notes the suspicious pattern: users uploading videos specifically for this campaign, often creating new accounts for the sole purpose of sharing this content. The audio in this video captured young people on a ski lift discussing the alleged Yeti.

International media, including the New York Post and News Deutschland, picked up the story, highlighting the global reach of the marketing campaign. The article also touches upon the international reaction, noting how many media outlets reported on the 'Yeti captured on video in Spain.'

The Forocoches Identity Theft

A significant part of the investigation, detailed in the section "UNA USURPACION DE IDENTIDAD TRAS EL FRAUDE DEL YETI," reveals a further layer to the hoax: the usurpation of a Forocoches user's identity. The article explains how the campaign's orchestrator, 'Kangaroo,' allegedly hijacked the account of a user named 'blue_dragon' to post messages and lend credibility to the Yeti story. This user, Jose, discovered his account had been compromised and used for the marketing campaign without his knowledge.

The article details Jose's efforts to reclaim his identity and expose the deception, including contacting the forum administrator, Electrik. It describes how Electrik initially tried to suppress the information by deleting threads and banning users, but the evidence, including screenshots and archived messages, eventually surfaced.

This identity theft was apparently done to give the campaign a sense of authenticity, using an established user's history to make the fabricated story more believable. The perpetrators changed the username and avatar, but the original messages and registration date remained, betraying the deception.

The Role of Media and Skeptics

The issue criticizes the media and 'pseudo-skeptics' who, according to El Ojo Crítico, were slow to recognize the hoax or even perpetuated it. It mentions how Radio Huesca and Heraldo de Aragón reported on the Yeti story without initially questioning its authenticity, and later framed it as a marketing campaign without acknowledging El Ojo Crítico's prior exposure of the fraud.

Javier Armentia, president of ARP, is mentioned for giving a conference that used the Yeti of Formigal case as an example of credulity, without citing El Ojo Crítico's investigation.

Baron D'Holbach: A Radical Enlightenment Philosopher

The latter half of the magazine is dedicated to the life and philosophy of Paul-Henri Thiry, Baron D'Holbach. The article positions him as a radical Enlightenment thinker, often overlooked compared to his contemporaries.

Life and Background

D'Holbach was born in Germany in 1723 and inherited a fortune and title, allowing him to dedicate himself to philosophy. He studied in Leyden and later settled in Paris, where he became a central figure in intellectual salons, hosting gatherings of prominent philosophers, scientists, and writers.

"The Club Holbachique"

His Parisian mansion was known as the "club holbáquico" or "synagogue of philosophers," where figures like Diderot, Voltaire, Rousseau, Buffon, and Hume debated ideas. D'Holbach was known for his hospitality and generosity, facilitating intellectual exchange.

Philosophical Contributions

D'Holbach is presented as a staunch materialist and atheist, advocating for a worldview based on reason and empirical observation, rejecting all forms of supernaturalism and divine intervention. His most influential works include "System of Nature" and "Christianity Unveiled."

Critique of Religion

In "Christianity Unveiled," D'Holbach argued that religions, particularly Christianity, were harmful, promoting ignorance, superstition, and hindering human progress. He critiqued the Bible for its contradictions and the moral precepts of Christianity for being impractical and detrimental to human well-being.

Materialism and Ethics

D'Holbach's philosophy centered on materialism, asserting that reality is composed solely of matter and motion, governed by natural laws. He proposed an eudemonistic ethic, where happiness is the ultimate good, achievable through reason and living in accordance with nature. He rejected the idea of a transcendent realm, emphasizing the immanence of the universe.

Legacy and Influence

The article notes that D'Holbach's radical ideas were largely suppressed and forgotten by later philosophical movements, particularly Romanticism and German Idealism. However, contemporary scholars are working to revive interest in his work, recognizing his significant contribution to Enlightenment thought and his critique of religious dogma.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine's editorial stance is clearly critical of hoaxes and deceptions, as demonstrated by its thorough debunking of the Yeti of Formigal marketing campaign. El Ojo Crítico positions itself as an investigative publication dedicated to uncovering the truth behind sensationalized events. Furthermore, the inclusion of a detailed philosophical analysis of Baron D'Holbach underscores the magazine's interest in intellectual history and critical thinking, particularly concerning atheism, materialism, and the critique of religion. The recurring theme is the importance of reason and empirical evidence in understanding the world, contrasting with superstition, ignorance, and manufactured narratives.

This issue of "Ufología Crítica" (Critical Ufology), volume 10, issue 10, dated April 19, 1897, delves into the historical 'Aurora incident' of Texas, questioning its authenticity and exploring its sociological implications. The cover headline, 'Re-investigamos el primer “ufo-crash” de la historia INCIDENTE AURORA: ¿UFOLOGÍA... O SOCIOLOGÍA?', sets the tone for an in-depth examination of this early alleged UFO crash.

The Aurora Incident: A Sociological Chronicle

The article begins by referencing the official start of the UFO phenomenon with Kenneth Arnold's sighting in 1947 and the Roswell crash. It then poses the question of whether earlier incidents, like the one in Aurora, Texas, occurred. The "Aurora incident" is presented as a story that, despite its spectacular nature, had remained largely forgotten until later investigations. The narrative recounts how, on April 17, 1897, residents of Aurora witnessed a mysterious airship crash into a windmill. The pilot, described as non-human and possibly from Mars, was reportedly buried in the local cemetery, and a commemorative plaque was erected in 1976.

However, the article systematically debunks the incident. It highlights that later investigations, including those by J. Allen Hynek and Alfred E. Kraus, found no evidence to support the crash. Testimonies from locals, like Oscar Lowery, suggested the story was fabricated by journalist S. E. Haydon, who had economic motives. Lowery claimed Haydon invented details, such as the windmill and the identity of T. J. Weems. Furthermore, no unknown metal fragments or records of the pilot's burial were found. The lack of physical evidence and the absence of any local artifacts related to the alleged crash further undermine its credibility.

The article suggests that the Aurora incident may have been a sociological phenomenon, possibly created to boost the town's economy during a period of crisis. The 'epidemic' of 'airship' sightings in 1896-1897 across the US is also discussed, with the Aurora event being just one of many sensationalized reports of the time.

Pierre Plantard: The Myth Maker

A significant portion of the magazine is dedicated to Pierre Plantard, described as a "myth maker." The article traces his life, from his early involvement in far-right organizations in occupied France during WWII to his creation of the 'Priory of Sion' and his elaborate claims about the Rennes-le-Château mystery. Plantard is presented as a master fabricator who, through various publications and connections, constructed a complex historical narrative involving the Merovingian dynasty, the Knights Templar, and a secret lineage connected to Jesus and Mary Magdalene.

The investigation into the death of former French Prime Minister Pierre Bérégovoy led to the discovery of Plantard's involvement and his connection to Roger-Patrice Pelat. Plantard, when questioned, admitted that the Priory of Sion and its supposed history were a fabrication he had been perpetuating since the 1960s. He later changed his narrative, claiming the Priory was founded in 1738.

The article details how Plantard provided information to authors like Gérard de Sède and the creators of "The Holy Blood and the Holy Grail," significantly influencing the popularization of the Rennes-le-Château myth. His claims of being the last Merovingian and a descendant of Jesus and Mary Magdalene are presented as part of his elaborate deceptions.

The Demise of a Myth

The article concludes that much of the mystery surrounding Rennes-le-Château stems from Plantard's coordinated efforts to create a narrative. His death in 2000, like his life, was shrouded in mystery. The piece notes the irony of the global success of Dan Brown's "The Da Vinci Code" in 2003, which brought the Priory of Sion and the Merovingian lineage to mainstream attention, a concept largely built upon Plantard's fabrications.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine adopts a critical and skeptical stance towards UFO phenomena and historical mysteries, particularly when they involve elaborate narratives and questionable evidence. The editorial stance is to dissect these claims, investigate their origins, and expose potential fabrications or sociological explanations. The article emphasizes the importance of critical thinking and rigorous investigation in separating fact from fiction, especially in fields like ufology and historical conspiracy theories. The recurring themes include the sociology of belief, the power of narrative construction, and the unreliability of anecdotal evidence when not corroborated by verifiable facts. The piece highlights how economic motives and the desire for attention can drive the creation and perpetuation of myths.

This issue of 'El Critico' (issue 31, dated March 1989) is primarily dedicated to two significant themes: the reasons for apostasy from the Catholic Church and an in-depth exploration of the UMMO phenomenon. The magazine adopts a critical and analytical stance, questioning established narratives and presenting speculative hypotheses.

The Greatness of Apostasy

The issue opens with a personal dedication to 'José Luis' and features an article titled 'Razones para renegar de la Iglesia Católica: LA GRANDEZA DE LA APOSTASIA' (Reasons to Renounce the Catholic Church: The Greatness of Apostasy). This section focuses on the epitaph of D. Francisco J. Barnés y Tomás, a former priest and university professor who renounced his faith. The epitaph, found in the San Fernando cemetery in Sevilla, details his intellectual journey from belief to disbelief, emphasizing his commitment to reason and nature over supernatural dogma. It highlights his decision to marry, raise a family, and live as a man without religious privilege. The article notes that his sons, Francisco and Domingo Barnés y Salinas, became prominent academics and politicians, aligning with republican ideals and exhibiting heterodox and anticlerical views.

The text contrasts the societal condemnation of apostasy with its potential for personal dignity and freedom of conscience. It argues that true faith is voluntary and that renouncing a doctrine one finds false is an act of integrity. The author, Francisco Aguilar Piñal, reflects on the personal nature of apostasy, stating it's not about marginal notes or statistics but about individual liberty.

The UMMO Phenomenon: An International Spanish Fraud

A significant portion of the magazine is dedicated to the UMMO affair, framed as 'Medio siglo del fraude español más internacional HACE 50 AÑOS: DE LA CONFERENCIA EPISCOPAL A UMMO' (Half a century of the most international Spanish fraud 50 years ago: From the Episcopal Conference to UMMO).

Origins and Contactees

The UMMO case is traced back to early 1966, coinciding with events like the Palomares incident and the creation of the Spanish Episcopal Conference. The narrative centers on Fernando Sesma Manzano, a contactee who received messages from beings claiming to be from the planet UMMO. The article details how Sesma, through his weekly column in the magazine 'Diez Minutos', popularized the UMMO narrative, describing encounters with extraterrestrials and their messages.

The 'UMMO Experiment'

Juan Domínguez Montes, an engineer and former member of the UMMO group in Madrid, offers a speculative explanation of the UMMO experiment. He suggests that the UMMO phenomenon might have originated as a psychological experiment, possibly initiated by British intelligence, to study public reaction to extraterrestrial contact. The experiment involved creating a detailed narrative of an alien civilization, complete with scientific and technological concepts, to gauge societal responses. Domínguez Montes posits that the UMMO reports, while appearing complex, were designed to be difficult to disprove but contained flaws that could be analyzed.

Scientific and Content Analysis

The magazine critically examines the scientific content of the UMMO reports, referencing the speculations of Arthur Eddington. It points out inconsistencies and errors in the physics described, such as the concept of 'imaginary mass' and the claims about black holes and protons. The reports' descriptions of the universe and its potential end are also scrutinized for logical fallacies.

Chronology and Key Figures

A detailed chronology of the UMMO case from 1966 to 1996 is provided, listing key events, publications, and the involvement of various individuals. Prominent figures mentioned include Fernando Sesma, José Luis Jordán Peña, Antonio Ribera, Rafael Farriols, Juan Domínguez Montes, and others who played roles as contactees, researchers, or authors.

The Turin Shroud and Suspicions of Fraud

The issue also touches upon the Turin Shroud, presenting a report that claims the Church generated a false shroud and hid the authentic one. However, the magazine dismisses this claim as unsustainable, especially after the carbon-14 dating revealed the shroud to be from the 13th century, making it impossible to have enveloped Jesus.

CNI Agent's Experience

An interview with a former CNI (National Intelligence Center) agent, identified as 'José', describes his harrowing experience during the selection process for operative agents. He recounts the intense psychological tests, the isolation, and the feeling of being constantly monitored, which ultimately led him to abandon the program.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine consistently adopts a skeptical and critical perspective. It questions religious dogma, advocating for reason and individual conscience, as seen in the discussion of apostasy. In the context of Ufology, it scrutinizes the UMMO case, presenting arguments for it being a human-made phenomenon rather than genuine extraterrestrial contact. The editorial stance appears to favor critical inquiry, scientific reasoning, and the exposure of potential hoaxes or manipulations, whether religious, scientific, or governmental.

This issue of 'EL CRITICO' (Issue 4117) delves into the complex and often controversial world of 'mystery journalism' in Spain. The cover boldly asks, 'Heroes or Charlatans?', setting the tone for an in-depth critique of how paranormal phenomena are reported and commercialized.

The CNI Training Experience

The magazine begins with a first-person account from an aspirant undergoing training for the CNI (Centro Nacional de Inteligencia). The training is depicted as rigorous and multifaceted, involving psychological assessments, memory tests, map-reading exercises, and practical skills like driving and reconnaissance. The aspirant describes a series of demanding tests designed to evaluate their capabilities and resilience, including an intense interrogation that aimed to uncover personal weaknesses. The experience highlights the demanding nature of intelligence work and the psychological pressure involved.

The Nature of 'Mystery Journalism'

A significant portion of the magazine is dedicated to dissecting 'mystery journalism.' The author argues that a distinction must be made between genuine investigators who seek objective truth and 'mystery journalists' who often prioritize sensationalism and entertainment. The article criticizes the commercialization of the paranormal, where individuals and media outlets profit from alleged mysteries, often without proper verification or ethical considerations. It points out that many self-proclaimed 'mystery journalists' lack formal journalistic training and rely on anecdotal evidence or even fabricated stories to create compelling narratives.

Key Figures and Their Roles

The article names several prominent figures in the field, contrasting those who have contributed to serious research with those who have focused on commercial exploitation. Figures like J.J. Benítez and Javier Sierra are mentioned in the context of their contributions, while others like Antonio José Alés and José Manuel García Bautista are presented as examples of those who have capitalized on fear and sensationalism. The piece also references historical figures who were pioneers in reporting on strange phenomena.

The Commercialization of Mystery

The magazine details how the 'mystery' industry has become a lucrative business. It discusses how magazines, radio shows, and TV programs often feature sensationalized content to attract audiences and advertisers. The author laments that the pursuit of 'soñar' (dreaming) and 'miedo' (fear) has become the primary driver, overshadowing factual investigation. The article provides examples of how alleged paranormal events are used to sell products and services, such as 'mystery tours' in supposedly haunted locations.

Critiques and Controversies

The article highlights instances of alleged fraud and deception within the 'mystery journalism' field. It discusses cases where fictional accounts have been presented as real, and where 'journalists' have been accused of manipulating evidence or fabricating stories for personal gain. The author expresses concern that these practices not only mislead the public but also damage the credibility of legitimate research into anomalous phenomena.

The Economic Reality

'EL CRITICO' also examines the economic challenges faced by those who attempt to make a living from 'mystery journalism.' It suggests that the low pay rates for articles and the limited market for specialized publications make it difficult to sustain a career solely through this type of reporting. This economic pressure, the article implies, may contribute to the prevalence of sensationalism and less rigorous reporting.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue revolve around the ethics of journalism, the distinction between investigation and sensationalism, and the commercial exploitation of the paranormal. The editorial stance is critical of 'mystery journalism' that prioritizes profit and entertainment over factual accuracy and responsible reporting. The magazine advocates for a more critical and discerning approach from both journalists and the public when engaging with stories about mysteries and anomalies.

Title: El Crítico
Issue: 53
Date: May 10, 2016
Type: Magazine

This issue of El Crítico delves into the complexities and criticisms surrounding journalism, particularly in relation to paranormal and mystery topics. It contrasts the perceived honesty of specialized 'mystery journalism' with the alleged biases and manipulations found in mainstream media. The magazine also presents an in-depth look at specific cases and figures within the realm of the paranormal, including a detailed investigation into a poltergeist case and the historical fight against spiritualist fraud by magician Harry Houdini.

The Frauds of Journalism

The lead article, "Los fraudes del periodismo" (The Frauds of Journalism), by Lorenzo Fernández, argues that the core problem lies not with 'mystery journalism' itself, but with journalism as a whole. Fernández, director of Año Cero and Enigmas, notes that while specialized magazines have seen their valuations decrease due to the economic crisis, they at least maintain a certain integrity. He contrasts this with mainstream media, which he claims are subject to political or ideological conditioning that leads to manipulation and disinformation, making them appear more serious and influential despite their flaws. The author of the article agrees, stating that a review of archives reveals numerous biased, manipulated, or outright false news stories published on the front pages of prestigious media outlets, calling it "truly shameful."

Lorenzo Fernández's perspective is further elaborated, suggesting that while 'mystery journalists' might make errors, they are not driven by the political or ideological agendas that plague mainstream media. However, the article questions whether the errors of 'mystery journalists' are truly irrelevant compared to the manipulations of reputable outlets like El País, ABC, and CNN. It poses the rhetorical question of whether the widespread disinformation in influential media justifies similar practices among anomaly divulgators.

The article highlights examples of perceived media manipulation, such as the claim that "El País is saying that there are empty markets while its correspondent in Greece denies it," and the use of a photo of a Bangkok bombing to illustrate a live blog about the Paris attacks by Spain's El Confidencial. It also touches upon the economic struggles of Venezuela, with headlines about people searching for food in trash, and the government's alleged role in the scarcity.

The Vallecas Poltergeist Case: An In-Depth Investigation

A significant portion of the magazine is dedicated to the "Informe Psicológico del Caso Vallecas" (Psychological Report on the Vallecas Case), a study conducted by the now-defunct FEDINE group. This group, composed of professionals including psychologists and forensic experts, conducted an interdisciplinary study of the Vallecas poltergeist case, focusing on social and psychological aspects that other investigators had overlooked.

The case involves the Gutiérrez-Lázaro family and the alleged paranormal phenomena experienced after the death of their daughter, Mª Estefanía, at age 17. The report details her history, including a Ouija session in 1990 that may have been a catalyst for the events. Following her death in 1991, the family reported frequent occurrences such as moving objects, doors opening and closing, and strange noises. A police report from 1992 is included, documenting an investigation into the phenomena at the family's home, noting unusual events like a crucifix being turned upside down and a stain appearing on a tablecloth, identified as "babies" (saliva).

The psychological and parapsychological tests conducted on Concepción Lázaro de la Iglesia, the mother, revealed a complex personality profile, including a tendency towards introversion, emotional imbalance, anxiety, and a need for attention. The study suggests that the phenomena might be linked to her psychological state and the lingering presence of her daughter's energy.

FEDINE's conclusions suggest that Mª Estefanía may have become psychically imprinted with the energy of the Ouija session, leading to a "psychic hemorrhage" within the family home. The phenomena are described as potentially related to bioelectricity and the mind's ability to project images and affect the environment. The report notes that the phenomena seemed to subside after the exhumation of Mª Estefanía's body and the fulfillment of certain promises made to her.

The Investigator vs. The Promoter

Manuel Carballal's article, "Como diferenciar a un investigador de un divulgador" (How to Differentiate an Investigator from a Promoter), addresses the confusion between these roles in the paranormal field. He defines an investigator as someone who systematically seeks to increase knowledge, while a promoter may collect testimonies and use journalistic excuses to avoid responsibility for their accuracy. Carballal argues that promoters often create an erroneous view of the paranormal, leading some individuals to harm themselves or others based on these distorted beliefs. He emphasizes the importance of holding promoters accountable for the information they disseminate.

Carballal criticizes those who present themselves as investigators but merely collect sensationalized cases without offering conventional explanations. He suggests that such individuals are either incompetent or con artists who profit from fostering supernatural beliefs. He contrasts this with genuine investigators who, despite making mistakes, are driven by a sincere passion for understanding anomalies.

The article also touches upon the tragic consequences of paranormal beliefs, citing cases of individuals who died or committed crimes influenced by paranormal literature and teachings, such as followers of Carlos Castaneda and victims of alleged demonic possession.

Harry Houdini: The Enemy of Spiritism

Another significant section focuses on Harry Houdini, the famous magician and escapist, and his crusade against spiritualism. The article highlights Houdini's role in exposing fraudulent mediums and spiritualists in the early 20th century. It recounts his personal motivation, stemming from the death of his mother and his desperate, ultimately futile, attempts to contact her through mediums.

Houdini's background is explored, from his birth as Erik Weisz in Budapest to his emigration to the United States and his rise to fame. His encounter with Joseph Rinn, a skeptic, introduced him to the tricks used by mediums, which fueled his passion for exposing their deceptions. The article details his methods, which included using disguises and infiltrators to gather evidence of fraud.

A notable anecdote describes Houdini's confrontation with Arthur Conan Doyle, the creator of Sherlock Holmes, who was a staunch believer in spiritualism. Despite Houdini's attempts to demonstrate the trickery involved, Doyle remained convinced of the existence of paranormal powers. The article recounts a specific séance arranged by Doyle, where Houdini was invited to witness a demonstration, but ultimately found it to be another elaborate deception.

Houdini's personal struggles, including financial difficulties and the profound impact of his mother's death, are presented as driving forces behind his relentless campaign against what he viewed as a harmful deception preying on the vulnerable.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

This issue of El Crítico adopts a critical and analytical stance towards both journalism and the paranormal. The magazine champions a rigorous, evidence-based approach, distinguishing between genuine investigation and sensationalized promotion of anomalies. It highlights the ethical responsibilities of media professionals and paranormal researchers, emphasizing the potential harm caused by misinformation and fraud. The recurring themes include media ethics, the nature of belief, the psychology of paranormal experiences, and the importance of critical thinking when evaluating extraordinary claims. The editorial stance appears to favor skepticism and a demand for accountability from those who report on or investigate paranormal phenomena, while acknowledging the genuine curiosity and passion that drives some individuals in this field.

This issue of El Progreso (Issue 61, Volume XXIV, dated Monday, November 30, 2016) is a Spanish publication focusing on ufology, paranormal phenomena, and historical mysteries. The cover prominently features an event in Lugo, Spain, where thousands of illuminated lanterns were released to commemorate the 15th anniversary of the city's wall being declared a World Heritage Site.

The Houdini and Doyle Spiritualist Session

The issue begins with a detailed account of a spiritualist session involving the narrator, Sir Arthur, and Lady Doyle. The narrator's mother, who had passed away, was allegedly contacted. Lady Doyle, acting as a medium, received a message purportedly from the narrator's mother. However, the narrator expresses significant doubt about the authenticity of the message, citing his mother's inability to speak or write English during her lifetime, despite the spirit claiming to have mastered the language in the afterlife. The message itself is described as a generic spiritualist pamphlet rather than a personal communication.

Houdini's Crusade Against Spiritism

The magazine highlights Houdini's strong opposition to spiritism, detailing his efforts to expose fraudulent mediums. A significant case discussed is that of 'Margery' (Mina Crandon), a Boston medium. Houdini investigated her and, according to the article, was able to uncover her deception where scientific committees had failed. The article also mentions a prediction made by Margery's spirit guide, Walter, about Houdini's impending death, which eerily coincided with his actual passing.

The 'Ummo' Phenomenon and Other Cases

The issue touches upon the 'Ummo' phenomenon, with a clarification from Heriberto Janosch regarding his involvement in creating 'Ummo' letters as a prank in the 1980s. David Cuevas, author of an article on the subject, responds, directing Janosch to a previous publication for his complaints. The article questions the pranksters' motives and whether they enjoyed deceiving Antonio Ribera.

UFO Incidents in Spain

Several UFO incidents are reported:

• Reus Air Base (1969 & 1971): Two separate incidents at Reus Air Base are discussed, involving UFOs and alleged humanoid figures. Witness accounts are presented, with some contradictions noted.
• Marcón, Pontevedra (March 26, 1982): Residents of Marcón Pazos reported hearing a loud noise and observing a phenomenon described as a "wheel that produced a vortex" that caused damage to trees and vegetation, leaving a circular imprint.
• Lugo (April 21, 1982): Two police officers witnessed a strange, bright, spherical object approximately three meters in diameter. The object emitted smaller spheres and moved at extremely high speeds with abrupt maneuvers. It also reportedly caused "irradiation" in the area. Despite the clear sighting, no other witnesses came forward, and the event was not reported in the press.
• Franco and Flying Saucers: An article discusses a 1947 news report from Montreal claiming that Spanish scientists working for Francisco Franco had developed new weapons, including an electromagnetic rocket described as a flying saucer and a nuclear artillery piece.

Historical Aeronautics

An article recounts the 1904 flight of Lieutenant Alfredo Kindelán and Lieutenant Heriberto Durán in the dirigible "Mercurio." They embarked on a journey from Toledo to Lugo, setting a Spanish record for distance. The flight involved navigating through challenging conditions, including being shot at by a hunter.

Other Investigations and Publications

• Divulgadores del Misterio: The work of this group in providing a vast database of information on anomalies through conferences, podcasts, and online content is praised.
• Terra Maxica on YouTube: The channel is recommended for its critical and rational analysis of UFO cases and alleged frauds.
• Alejandro Vignati: A remembrance of the assassinated investigator, known for his work in the mystery field.
• Miguel Pedrero and CNI: Pedrero's debut novel, "Operación Anticristo," is mentioned, which involves a CNI agent infiltrating a satanic sect.
• John Keel in Barcelona: The article notes that ufologist John Alva Keel lived in Barcelona in 1956.
• David Cuevas's Book: The first book by David Cuevas, "Dossier de lo Insólito," is announced, featuring interviews with prominent figures in the mystery field.
• J. Allen Hynek and Disinformation: A study suggests that J. Allen Hynek may have contributed to a US Air Force disinformation operation regarding the Paul Bennewitz case.
• The Investigator's Library: Reviews of books on anomalous phenomena are presented, including "Los límites de la ciencia: espiritismo, hipnotismo y el estudio de los fenómenos paranormales (1850-1930)" by Annette Mülberger, "Realidad Daimónica" by Patrick Harpur, and "El síndrome OVNI" by Fernando Jiménez del Oso.
• Explorando nuevos horizontes... juntos: A new series of books by Claudia Moztezuma and Moisés Garrido is announced, covering topics like the afterlife, PSI phenomena, and Atlantis.
• TV Desclassification: A call is made for public pressure on TVE to release old programs and documentaries related to anomalies.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine consistently promotes critical investigation and skepticism towards unsubstantiated claims, particularly in the realm of spiritism. While acknowledging the existence of unexplained phenomena, the editorial stance favors rational analysis and the exposure of hoaxes. The publication also serves as a platform for Spanish researchers and investigators, highlighting their work and ongoing projects. There is a clear emphasis on historical cases and their re-examination with modern perspectives. The magazine also advocates for the preservation of archives related to ufology and paranormal research.

This issue of EOC CRITICO, identified by its issue number '72' and the 'EXCLUSIVA Coc' branding, delves into a variety of intriguing and often controversial topics. The cover prominently features an interview with investigator Débora Goldstern about the Cueva de los Tayos and the myth of the subterranean world, alongside a historical piece on General Alfredo Kindelán, the first Spanish General to speak openly about UFOs. The magazine also addresses the prevalence of photographic fraud and the disturbing link between magic and organized crime.

General Alfredo Kindelán: The First General to Speak of UFOs

The issue highlights General Alfredo Kindelán Duany (1879-1962), a pivotal figure in Spanish military aviation, credited as the founder of the Spanish Air Force. Beyond his military career, which included serving as Head of Air during the Spanish Civil War, Kindelán made history by openly discussing Unidentified Flying Objects (UFOs). In 1954, he published articles in the newspaper ABC, notably "Platillos Volantes" (Flying Saucers), where he speculated that at least 10% of reported UFO cases might involve 'secret guided weapons.' The article suggests that Kindelán's personal encounter with a mysterious aerial phenomenon while piloting the military balloon 'Mercurio' in 1904 might have informed his conclusions. This encounter involved a spherical balloon of 640 cubic meters that startled rural inhabitants, and for which Kindelán and his crew had to evade thrown stones. Another incident mentioned involved Kindelán being targeted by people armed with shotguns in Lisbon a year later. His experiences were recognized with a tribute in Madrid, acknowledging over 21 hours of uninterrupted flight, a record at the time.

Débora Goldstern and the Myth of the Subterranean World

Investigator Débora Goldstern is featured in an extensive interview discussing her book "Secretos subterráneos de los mundos olvidados" (Subterranean Secrets of Forgotten Worlds). Goldstern, described as a leading researcher on anomalies, explores the myth of the subterranean world and its connection to locations like the Cueva de los Tayos in Ecuador. She explains how her interest in the subterranean world began, influenced by travels to the Andes and symbolic literature, solidifying in 2004 with the enigma of Tayos. Goldstern discusses the concept of a 'Hollow Earth' and its associated conspiracies, noting the lack of verifiable evidence. However, she emphasizes that the Cueva de los Tayos holds a special place due to its anomalies, even if it doesn't fit the 'Hollow Earth' paradigm. The interview touches upon the controversial figure of Juan Móricz, often credited as the 'discoverer' of Tayos, and the difficulties in substantiating his claims. Goldstern also addresses the role of figures like Carlos Crespi Crocce and the Mormon cult in the Tayos saga, as well as the conflicting accounts from various expeditions, including one involving astronaut Neil Armstrong.

Photographic Frauds and Sensationalism

The magazine dedicates a significant section to exposing photographic frauds, particularly those related to sensational claims like giant skeletons and UFOs. It highlights how websites like Worth1000 serve as platforms for artists to create elaborate photomanipulations, which are then spread online as purported evidence. Examples include a fabricated image of a giant human skeleton, initially claimed to be from India, which was actually a contest entry from 2002. Another hoax involved a manipulated image of President Obama appearing alone on a beach, which was originally a photo of him accompanied by others. The article stresses the ease with which such fakes can be created with modern technology and urges readers to be skeptical, advising that if something seems too unbelievable, it likely is. It also points out how political manipulations of photographs are common, citing an example from an Egyptian newspaper altering an image of a Middle Eastern summit.

The Link Between Magic and Organized Crime

Another section explores the disturbing phenomenon of 'narcosatanismo,' the use of witchcraft and Satanism by criminal organizations for protection and to instill terror. Anthropologists are increasingly studying this trend, which involves terrorists, drug traffickers, and hitmen. The article recounts a journey to Trinidad, Cuba, to witness a Palo Mayombe ritual, a practice described as harsh and primitive, originating from Africa. It notes how some individuals have perverted these rituals, substituting animal sacrifices with human ones and replacing ancestral deities with demonic figures. A report from Cúcuta, Colombia, details a police raid on a drug trafficking and contract killing gang known as 'La Machorra' (Los Paisas), where officers encountered evidence of such practices. The police successfully apprehended the gang leaders, overcoming what the criminals believed to be supernatural protection.

Carlos Murciano: The UFO Journalist

The issue features writer Carlos Murciano, who, in 1968, was commissioned by the newspaper ABC to investigate the phenomenon of UFOs. Murciano traveled extensively across Europe, Asia, and America, interviewing over forty individuals, including diplomats, scientists, military personnel, and pilots. He approached the subject with "absolute rigor," meticulously documenting testimonies. His work resulted in a series of reports later compiled into the book "Algo flota sobre el mundo" (Something Floats Over the World). Murciano recounts his experiences, including discarding dubious claims and unverified photographic evidence. He also shares a personal anecdote about witnessing a luminous object in the sky that ascended and disappeared. Murciano concludes that the existence of UFOs is confirmed and expresses his conviction that life may exist on other planets. Despite facing criticism and skepticism, he maintained that his articles were based on factual accounts from his interviewees.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

This issue of EOC CRITICO consistently explores themes of mystery, anomalies, and the unexplained, often juxtaposing them with rigorous investigation and skepticism. The editorial stance appears to be one of critical inquiry, encouraging readers to question sensational claims while acknowledging the possibility of phenomena beyond current understanding. The magazine highlights the importance of journalistic integrity, as seen in Carlos Murciano's methodical approach and the debunking of photographic hoaxes. There's a clear interest in uncovering hidden histories and challenging conventional narratives, whether related to extraterrestrial encounters, ancient myths, or the darker aspects of human behavior. The recurring theme is the pursuit of truth amidst deception and the unknown.

This issue of the magazine, spanning pages 81-90 and published in 2015, delves into several controversial and often dark aspects of religion, crime, and historical events. The main cover story focuses on the departure of Pope Gregorio XVIII from the Palmar de Troya sect, labeling it "The Great Lie." Other significant articles explore the 'Miracle of Calanda,' the use of witchcraft by criminal organizations, and the 'narcosatanic' cult in Matamoros.

The Great Lie of El Palmar de Troya

The lead story details the abandonment of the Palmar de Troya sect by its spiritual leader, Gregorio XVIII (Ginés Jesús Hernández). Hernández, who led the sect for five years, claims it was a "montaje" (setup) financed by millions in donations from followers worldwide over 40 years. The article suggests internal conflicts and accusations regarding the handling of funds. Documents and testimonies from bishops and faithful reveal alleged tax evasion by the sect, which originated in El Palmar de Troya (Seville) in 1974 after four girls claimed to have seen the Virgin. The sect, excommunicated by Rome, grew to around 5,000 followers globally, with wealthy adherents in the US, Switzerland, and Germany contributing significantly. The article highlights the sect's robust financial muscle and international presence, noting annual donations of two million euros. It also mentions the sect's controversial canonization of Francisco Franco and Carrero Blanco, aiming to supplant the Catholic Church.

Psychologist Miguel Perlado describes the sect's radical demands, particularly on young people, leading to severe mental health issues, identity problems, and emotional trauma upon leaving. He characterizes the sect as an "economic collection machine." The article also touches upon the sect's austere daily routine, contrasting with its opulent basilica filled with religious artifacts.

The 'Cojo de Calanda': A Critical Review

This section critically examines the 'Miracle of Calanda,' a purported event from 1640 where Miguel Pellicer's amputated leg was allegedly restored by the Virgin of the Pillar. After nearly two decades of research and 375 years of belief, a 2015 essay titled "El milagro de Calanda. La génesis de un mito" challenges the miracle's authenticity. The authors present unpublished documents suggesting the true architect of the myth was the local vicar, Jusepe Herrero. Herrero's involvement, potentially to escape an Inquisition process, is presented as a key factor in the miracle's approval and his subsequent social ascent. The article posits that without Herrero's intervention, the miracle might have been forgotten like many other similar claims.

The approval of the miracle is linked to the power struggles between the cathedrals of El Pilar and La Seo in Zaragoza. The miracle's validation by Archbishop Pedro Apaolaza, who was presiding over disputes between the two chapters, served to bolster the prestige of El Pilar. The article also notes the mysterious disappearance of the original Process manuscript, with only a copy available, and the alleged theft of other documents from La Seo library, involving figures like Enzo Ferrajoli Dery and Laurence Claiborne Witten II.

Armed Witchcraft

This part of the magazine explores the intersection of witchcraft and criminal activities. It details how drug traffickers and guerrillas in Colombia utilize sorcery for protection and to intimidate enemies. The case of Virgilio Antonio Vidal Mora, alias 'Sílver,' a FARC commander, is highlighted. Despite his revolutionary ideals initially, he became involved in drug trafficking to fund the FARC's operations. 'Sílver' believed witchcraft could protect him from bullets, a belief reinforced by his association with a sorceress named Maritza Cerdeño. His second-in-command, Breiner, recounted 'Sílver's' rituals, including wearing amulets and performing invocations.

The article also features testimonies from two demobilized female guerrillas, Lliliana (ELN) and Nataly (FARC), who witnessed witchcraft rituals used for protection, health solutions, and even sexual favors. Anthropologist Nestor Alejandro Pardo's research indicates that guerrillas would "pray to bullets" and seek out local shamans ('payés') to become "invisible or invulnerable." The piece warns that these magical advisors are often fraudsters who demand increasingly costly sacrifices, sometimes including human lives.

The Narcosatanists of Matamoros

This section recounts the chilling story of Adolfo de Jesús Costazgo, known as 'El Padrino,' who led a narcosatanic cult in Matamoros, Mexico. The cult was involved in drug trafficking and numerous human sacrifices, with victims found with their hearts or brains removed. The investigation began with the arrest of David Serna Valdez and Domingo Reyes Bustmante, who confessed to their involvement. The cult's operations extended to various properties, including a mansion where a mass grave with a dozen bodies was discovered. The article mentions the involvement of the Hernández Rivera brothers and Serafín Hernández García. The cult's activities also implicated famous singers, actors, and politicians. 'El Padrino,' born in Miami, had a background in Palo Mayombe, an Afro-Cuban religion, which he perverted into a form of satanism to control followers and deter enemies. His reign ended with a police shootout in Mexico City, where he and his loyal followers died rather than surrender.

The 'Madrina' and False Memories

Sara María Aldrete Villareal, 'La Madrina,' was a key figure in the Matamoros cult. Her story, involving a brief marriage to Miguel Zacarias and her initiation into the cult's practices, has been the subject of films. Convicted to 647 years in prison in Mexico, she faces potential charges in the US for the murder of Mark Kirloy. Aldrete claims she was a victim, kidnapped and tortured by Costazgo. The article also includes a segment on Matthew, a volunteer at Headway East London, who suffers from memory loss and fabricates memories to fill the gaps, illustrating how the brain can create false recollections.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue revolve around the manipulation of faith for criminal gain, the blurring lines between religion and illicit activities, and the exposure of fraudulent practices within religious and pseudo-religious groups. The editorial stance appears critical and investigative, aiming to debunk myths, expose corruption, and highlight the darker side of human belief systems and criminal enterprises. The magazine employs a journalistic approach, using testimonies, documents, and expert opinions to present a comprehensive picture of these complex issues.

This issue of EL CRITICO, dated September 2016 (Issue 91, Volume 1), delves into historical mysteries, neuroscience, and technological phenomena. The cover story focuses on the "Disappeared Original Manuscript: Pages or Folios?", investigating discrepancies in the documentation of the Calanda miracle. The magazine also features an interview with neurophysiologist Francisco J. Rubia and reports on Google's Project Loon, which has led to mistaken UFO sightings.

Manuscrito original desaparecido: ¿Páginas o folios?

The lead article meticulously analyzes the pagination and foliation of the manuscript related to the Calanda miracle. It highlights the confusion between pages (carillas) and folios (hojas), explaining that a folio typically contains two pages. The author presents calculations to demonstrate that a significant number of pages are missing from the existing copies, estimating that up to 140 folios, or 280 pages, are unaccounted for. The article discusses two main copies: one from La Seo and another from the archive of El Pilar in Zaragoza. It notes that the copy used for the current analysis is based on the La Seo version, which is believed to be derived from the El Pilar copy. The original manuscript is considered lost.

A key point of contention is the number of folios and pages. If the original had 203 folios, it would equate to 406 pages. The existing copies, however, account for fewer pages. The article details the mathematical discrepancies, showing how different interpretations of page and folio counts lead to missing sections. For instance, if 63 folios (126 pages) are present, it implies 140 folios (280 pages) are missing from the original 203 folios (406 pages).

The text also references a letter from Tomás Bernard, Baron of Castiel, to the Cabildo of El Pilar, dated sometime before September 11, 1761. In this letter, Bernard requests a copy of the Process, as the original is not available in the Archive of Nuestra Señora del Pilar. He notes that the residents of Calanda are distressed by their inability to obtain a copy. The Cabildo's secretary, José Estrada, agrees to the request on September 11, 1761, and the new copy is certified by notary Joseph Domingo Andrés on December 11, 1761. This notary states that the document used for the Calanda copy was itself a copy from the El Pilar archive, further suggesting the original was unavailable even then.

The article further explores the possibility that the original manuscript was already lost by 1761, as evidenced by the repeated requests for copies by the Calanda town council, including one in 1804.

El libro que nunca existió

This section debunks the existence of a book supposedly written by Fray Jerónimo de San José in 1641 titled "Relación del milagro." Despite being mentioned by bibliographers like Félix Latassa and in the "Biblioteca Carmelitana" by Gabriel Wessels, no copies of this book have ever been found. The authors suggest that the title might have been a misattribution or that the work never materialized. They cite a letter from Fray Jerónimo de San José to Juan Francisco Andrés de Ustarroz, dated September 24, 1641, where he ironically comments on the popularity of "coplones" (popular songs or verses) about the miracle, contrasting them with his own "Relación" and "Sentencia," which were apparently not published. This suggests that the "Relación" itself may not have been printed, and what might have been sent to France or presented to King Philip IV in 1642 was likely a pamphlet with an illustration of the miracle and verses by Diego José Dormer.

La falsa marca del trasplante de pierna

This section critically examines the evidence for the miracle of the Calanda leg transplant, specifically the alleged mark left by the Virgin of the Pillar. The authors trace the origin of this story to supposed engravings depicting King Philip IV kissing Miguel Pellicer's leg. They argue that these engravings, and the story of the mark, are later inventions, possibly part of a propaganda campaign by the Church in Zaragoza to promote faith. The article highlights that Miguel Pellicer himself, during the Process, swore under oath that he had no mark on his leg from the transplant. The authors conclude that the stories of the mark are either false or the result of deception.

Interview with Francisco J. Rubia: "Outside the brain, there is nothing"

This extensive interview with neurophysiologist Francisco J. Rubia explores the scientific basis of spirituality, religion, and paranormal phenomena. Rubia asserts that all mental experiences, including spiritual ones, originate in the brain. He discusses the evolution of the human brain, the concept of spirituality versus religion, and the potential for altered states of consciousness in primitive humans.

Rubia addresses questions about near-death experiences, suggesting they might be caused by oxygen deprivation and changes in carbon dioxide levels, leading to the disinhibition of the limbic system. He also touches upon the role of the amygdala, hippocampus, and temporal lobe in mystical experiences. He dismisses the idea of a spiritual realm outside the brain, stating that phenomena like autoscopy can be explained by electrical stimulation of specific brain areas.

The interview covers various topics, including:

• Paranormal phenomena: Rubia considers them anecdotal and not within the scope of science, reiterating that without a brain, there is nothing.
• Near-death experiences: Plausible explanations involve oxygen deprivation and the limbic system's response.
• Childhood perception: The inability to distinguish internal psyche from external reality is not exclusive to children and relates to the emotional brain.
• Michael Persinger's 'God Helmet': Experiments suggest that electromagnetic stimulation can activate the brain's emotional system, generating a sense of spiritual presence, but results vary based on individual beliefs.
• Psychedelics and spirituality: Rubia acknowledges that substances like those found in Peganum harmala (harmaline) might have influenced early religious experiences, but stresses that these are hypotheses.
• Animal spirituality: He suggests that animals, particularly mammals, may have spiritual experiences due to their limbic systems.
• The concept of God: Rubia states that God is not a scientific hypothesis because it is neither confirmable nor falsable.
• Meditation: Studies on Buddhist monks and Franciscan nuns show activity in frontal, parietal, and emotional brain areas during meditation.
• Chamanism: Rubia considers shamanism potentially the oldest profession and the first form of psychoanalysis, though its healing capabilities were limited.
• Jesus and Shamanism: He discusses arguments that link Jesus's life to shamanic practices, such as periods of seclusion and healing.
• Pythagoras: Similar shamanic practices are attributed to Pythagoras.
• Early Christianity: While not an expert, Rubia notes parallels between early Christian practices and shamanism.
• Plant-based psychedelics: He discusses the hypothesis that substances like Peganum harmala might have been used by Essenes at Qumran and could have influenced encounters with the divine, as suggested for Moses.
• Origin of religion: Rubia believes religion likely has multiple origins, with mystical experiences, whether spontaneous or induced, playing a significant role.
• Mirror neurons: These neurons are linked to empathy and the ability to "read" others' minds, forming the basis of the "theory of mind."
• Genetics and spirituality: Studies suggest a genetic component to spirituality, but its expression depends on environmental factors.

Rubia's work, particularly his book "El cerebro espiritual" (The Spiritual Brain), is referenced throughout the interview. He is described as a distinguished neurophysiologist with extensive research and publications in the field of the nervous system.

Policía y Ejército movilizado por los “OVNIs estrellados” EL PROYECTO LOON

This section reports on Google's Project Loon, an initiative to provide internet access via high-altitude balloons. The article explains that these balloons, operating in the stratosphere at approximately 20 km, are designed to create a 5G wireless network. Google began a pilot program in New Zealand in June 2013 and has since launched more balloons. The project uses wind currents to navigate the balloons and form a communication network.

The article highlights that the deployment of these balloons has led to numerous mistaken sightings of UFOs. When these balloons crash-land, they have prompted responses from police and military services in various countries, including Paraguay, Chile, and others, as citizens report the "crash" of strange objects. These incidents have resulted in the mobilization of authorities who later identify the objects as Project Loon balloons.

Muy Pronto... Carlos Castaneda

A brief teaser announces an upcoming feature on Carlos Castaneda and Don Juan Matus, promising to explore "Who, when, where, how, why..."

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine consistently explores phenomena that challenge conventional understanding, whether historical (the Calanda miracle manuscript), scientific (neuroscience and spirituality), or technological (Project Loon). There's a clear emphasis on critical analysis, debunking myths, and seeking rational explanations, particularly from a scientific and historical perspective. The interview with Francisco J. Rubia strongly represents the magazine's leaning towards a materialist, brain-centric view of consciousness and experience. The historical articles, while delving into religious events, often adopt a skeptical tone, questioning the veracity of miracles and supernatural claims by examining documentary evidence and historical context. The UFO report on Project Loon exemplifies the magazine's interest in phenomena that are often sensationalized but can be explained through technological advancements.

This document is the cover of a book titled "DOSSIER DE LO INSÓLITO" (Dossier of the Unusual) by David Cuevas, published by Luciérnaga. The issue number is listed as '55559'. The cover prominently features the author's name and highlights that the book includes prologues by Lorenzo Fernández, Manuel Carballal, and Miguel Blanco. The main cover headline announces the book's focus on "SECRETOS DE ESTADO, FENÓMENOS EXTRAÑOS, APARECIDOS Y OVNIS" (State Secrets, Strange Phenomena, Apparitions, and UFOs).

The cover includes several endorsements and quotes from notable figures in the field of ufology and paranormal research. Miguel Blanco describes the book as containing "a lot of soul, many desires, many illusions and many experiences poured into this book." Lorenzo Fernandez praises the author's "extraordinary journalistic work, not having settled for reading, but having gone to the original sources." Manuel Carballal asserts that "Cuevas holds the unquestionable title of the best interviewer in the world of anomalies."

Additionally, the cover lists several prominent names associated with UFO research and related fields, including Jacques Vallée, Erich Von Däniken, Hervé Falciani, Raymond Moody, Anne Germain, E. López Guerrero, Rodrigo Cortés, Juan Ignacio Blanco, and J. A. Vázquez Tain, suggesting their influence or connection to the book's content.

Content and Themes

The primary themes explored in "Dossier de lo Insólito" are state secrets, unexplained phenomena, alleged paranormal occurrences (apparitions), and UFOs (Unidentified Flying Objects).

The book is presented as a result of extensive journalistic investigation, with the author, David Cuevas, going beyond mere reading to directly engage with primary sources and conduct interviews. The endorsements emphasize the depth of research and the personal investment of the author in exploring these unusual topics.

Key Figures and Contributors

• David Cuevas: Author of the book.
• Lorenzo Fernández: Contributor of a prologue, commending the author's journalistic rigor and source verification.
• Manuel Carballal: Contributor of a prologue, recognizing Cuevas as a leading interviewer in the field of anomalies.
• Miguel Blanco: Contributor of a prologue, highlighting the emotional and experiential depth of the book.
• Other Mentioned Figures: Jacques Vallée, Erich Von Däniken, Hervé Falciani, Raymond Moody, Anne Germain, E. López Guerrero, Rodrigo Cortés, Juan Ignacio Blanco, J. A. Vázquez Tain.

Publisher and Publication Details

• Publisher: Luciérnaga
• Document Type: Book Cover (presented as a magazine issue for extraction purposes)
• Language: Spanish

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes revolve around the investigation of unexplained phenomena, particularly UFOs, and the potential involvement of state secrets or cover-ups. The editorial stance, as suggested by the blurbs and the selection of contributors, appears to be one that values rigorous investigative journalism in the pursuit of understanding anomalous events. The emphasis on "going to the original sources" and the author's role as a premier interviewer suggest a commitment to uncovering factual accounts and firsthand testimonies within the realm of the unusual and the paranormal.