El Ojo Critico - No 76 - Jul 2014

Magazine Overview

This issue of "El Ojo Crítico" (The Critical Eye), number 76, published in July 2014, is dedicated to "Investigation Notebooks for Investigators." It was founded in 1992 and is published by Grupo Fenix from La Coruña, Spain. The cover highlights "Apps for the Investigator" and features articles on the "RED-EYES" case, "Atlantis," "The Stone of Space" fraud, and the Piri Reis map, alongside an analysis of skeptical "proofs" and "Lies of the Lunar Conspiracy."

Apps for the Investigator

The magazine explores how new technologies, particularly smartphone applications, can significantly aid in the investigation of anomalous aerial phenomena (UAP). The article "Apps for Investigators (I)" by David Mulé details several essential tools:

• Google Sky Map: A free application that uses GPS, accelerometer, and compass to identify stars, constellations, planets (like Venus), and other celestial objects in real-time by pointing the phone at the sky. It can also alert users to meteor showers and Messier objects.
• Mobile Observatory: A paid app (3.99€) geared towards amateur astronomers, providing detailed information on stars, deep-sky objects, planets, satellites, asteroids, comets, meteor showers, and eclipses. It excels in managing celestial events and providing precise positional data.
• Stellarium: Available on multiple platforms (mobile, Windows, Mac, Linux), Stellarium offers detailed sky mapping for any location and time. While the desktop version is free, the mobile version has a cost. It can also locate satellites with a plug-in.
• Star Walk: A paid app (2.30€) that uses augmented reality to identify over 8,000 artificial satellites. It offers comprehensive information and a "Time Machine" feature for historical sky observation.

The second part, "Apps for Investigators (II)", continues this exploration:

• Weather Time Machine: This application provides historical weather data for approximately 40,000 locations in the US and Canada since 1960, crucial for verifying conditions during past sightings. It is available for Mac and compatible with iOS devices.
• Snapseed for Android: Presented as a powerful tool for image analysis, this app allows investigators to examine photographs of potential phenomena, enhancing details like brightness and contrast, and utilizing various plugins to help identify objects or discard hypotheses.
• iSismico: An essential app that monitors seismic activity worldwide, updating every 20 minutes. The article posits a connection between UAP sightings and seismic events, citing Dr. Michael Persinger's work on the temporal lobe's susceptibility to electromagnetic fields generated by seismic activity.
• Boinc and SETI@Home: These projects, supported by NASA, allow users to contribute their computer's idle processing power to scientific research, including the search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI@Home) and other scientific endeavors. The apps are designed to run only when the device is connected to power and Wi-Fi to conserve resources.

Crop Circles: A Technological Hoax

An article titled "Crop Circles..." debunks the notion that these formations are extraterrestrial in origin. It recounts two prominent examples:

• Salinas Valley, USA: In December, a sophisticated crop circle appeared in Chualar, California. It was later revealed to be a viral marketing campaign by NVIDIA Silicon Valley to promote a new mobile processor for cars, tablets, and phones. The company's president, Jen Hsun Huang, admitted to commissioning the campaign.
• Spain (2008): Similar to the US case, numerous crop circles appeared simultaneously across Spain. Investigations by Marisol and José Antonio Roldán, published in "El Ojo Crítico" issue 58, revealed that these were also a marketing stunt by a well-known liquor company.

The article also mentions more sinister cases, such as a farmer in Navarra who reported a crop circle damaged by pranksters using a glove and a stick. It highlights the tragic story of Robbert van der Breoke, known as "the boy of the circles," who gained worldwide fame from crop circles on his Dutch farm, linking them to UFOs and astral healing. Sylvia Millecam, an actress, reportedly abandoned chemotherapy believing in his claims and died shortly after.

Apps... for Frauds

This section critically examines how technology, particularly apps, can be used to create and disseminate hoaxes. It presents two examples:

• Ghost Photograph: A photograph of a spectral figure, allegedly taken in a British cemetery in Arras, France, by a teenager named Mitch Glover, was widely circulated. The article suggests this image closely resembles those generated by the "Ghost Effects" app available on the App Store.
• UFO Photograph: A similar case involved a photograph of a UFO taken by an American young woman, which was also replicated by numerous media outlets. The origin of this alleged UFO was traced back to the "OVNICA" app.

The author concludes that apps, alongside viral publicity, facilitate the work of falsifiers and complicate genuine investigations.

Special Report: Reserved Materials and Anomalous Phenomena

This section delves into various anomalous phenomena and related topics:

• Interview with Erich von Däniken: The magazine features an interview with the renowned author.
• Lies of the Lunar Conspiracy: An analysis of conspiracy theories surrounding the Moon.
• The CONFIDENCIALES of EOC: Potentially internal or exclusive information from the magazine.
• II Solidarity Days of Mystery: An event related to mystery and the paranormal.
• Manufacturers of False Mysteries (on line): An article discussing individuals or groups who create fake mysteries.

Compostela-2014: A Historic Event

This article chronicles the "Compostela-2014" national meeting of UFO investigators, held on April 26, 2014. It highlights the event's significance as the first time in ufology history that representatives from five generations of researchers, spanning various investigative currents, gathered for a closed-door debate on the state and future of ufology in Spain. Participants included figures from the IIEE (pro-ET hypothesis), Fundación Anomalía, CEI, and ARP, representing diverse viewpoints.

The meeting was notable for its generational diversity, with participants ranging from the 91-year-old Salvador Freixedo to the 21-year-old Jesús Ortega. The article emphasizes the collaborative spirit, with researchers sharing time and knowledge despite differing perspectives.

Two written statements were read: one by Salvador Freixedo and another by Vicente Juan Ballester Olmos, read by José Juan Montejo. The magazine reproduces both in full, noting the stark contrast in their approaches to studying ufology. Freixedo distinguishes between "material" (casuistic) and "immaterial" (mental, spiritual, religious, political) levels of the UFO phenomenon, suggesting that non-human intelligences feed on psychic energy and that a battle is occurring between positive and negative forces.

Ballester Olmos, in his contribution, proposes practical steps for investigators, including creating a restricted mailing list for communication, analyzing proposals for an "exchange circuit," "computer search presence," "future meetings," "consultant council," and "investigator directory." He stresses transparency and respect, advocating for the sharing of research findings without commercial barriers. He also calls for defining existing documentary funds and avoiding duplication of research efforts. Ballester Olmos references the 1988 Segovia meeting, listing its identified problems (low qualification, poor information, weak fieldwork, lack of interrelation, low specialization, lack of support, excess of personalisms, and lack of multidisciplinary approach) and needs (research manual, foreign publications, database, better information exchange, funding, common systems, academic stimulation, regional catalogs, and reduced sensationalism). He questions whether these issues have changed in the 25 years since.

Manuel Carballal, in his opening remarks, sought to emphasize common ground among the diverse attendees, stating that their shared love for the UFO phenomenon and their presence at the event, despite personal costs, indicated more uniting factors than dividing ones.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine consistently adopts a critical and investigative stance towards anomalous phenomena. It champions the use of technology and scientific methodology to debunk hoaxes and misidentifications, as seen in the detailed reviews of investigative apps. While acknowledging the existence of unexplained phenomena, "El Ojo Crítico" actively seeks rational explanations, often exposing marketing ploys and outright fraud behind sensational claims, such as crop circles and alleged paranormal photographs. The coverage of the Compostela-2014 meeting reflects a desire for rigorous, multidisciplinary research and a move beyond mere casuistry, while also acknowledging the diverse and sometimes conflicting interpretations within the field of ufology. The editorial stance appears to favor evidence-based investigation and a healthy skepticism towards sensationalism, encouraging researchers to employ modern tools and critical thinking.

This issue of CRITICO, titled "PIRI REIS VS. ALEJANDRO MAGNO Y DRÁCULA," delves into a variety of historical and mysterious topics, with a particular focus on the enigmatic Piri Reis map. The magazine explores the life and impact of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the founder of modern Turkey, and touches upon the legends of Alexander the Great and Dracula.

The Piri Reis Map: A Window to the Past

The central piece of this issue revolves around the Piri Reis map, an ancient chart discovered in the Topkapi Palace. The map is lauded for its surprising accuracy in depicting continents, including Antarctica, at a time when such knowledge was supposedly non-existent. The article details how cartographers and researchers, including Arlington H. Mallery and Charles H. Hapgood, have studied the map, noting its precise proportions and the correspondence of its coastlines to modern geographical data, even suggesting it might be based on aerial photographs or satellite imagery from ancient times.

The origins of the map are traced back to Piri Reis, an Ottoman admiral and scientist. The issue explains that Piri Reis collected various maps and portulans, including those from the era of Alexander the Great and even purportedly from Christopher Columbus. The map's annotations suggest it was compiled from numerous sources, some dating back to the time of Alexander the Great, and others to Portuguese explorers. The accuracy of the map, particularly its depiction of the Americas and Antarctica, has led to speculation about a lost, technologically advanced civilization possessing knowledge far beyond its time.

Mustafa Kemal Atatürk and the Birth of Modern Turkey

The magazine dedicates a significant section to the rise of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. It recounts the dire situation of the Ottoman Empire after World War I, the subsequent Turkish War of Independence led by Kemal, and the establishment of the Republic of Turkey in 1923. Atatürk's vision for a Westernized and liberal Turkey is highlighted, along with his controversial reforms, including the abolition of religious institutions, the suppression of the fez and veil, and the introduction of secular laws. The article portrays Atatürk as a charismatic and authoritarian leader who transformed Turkey.

Legends and Historical Connections

The issue also explores the legends of Alexander the Great and Dracula, attempting to connect them to historical narratives and the Piri Reis map. One anecdote recounts an encounter with a retired professor, Mustafá Töpaglou, who dismissed theories about the Piri Reis map being based on extraterrestrial knowledge, suggesting instead a connection to maps from the era of Alexander the Great. The narrative then shifts to the historical figure of Iskander Bey, a rebel from Epirus, and touches upon the bloody Battle of Kosovo in 1389, involving the Ottoman Sultan Murad I and the Serbian king.

The Role of Cartography and Historical Interpretation

Throughout the issue, the importance of cartography and historical interpretation is emphasized. The article discusses how maps have been used to legitimize political claims, as seen in the Spanish use of the Atlantean myth to assert their dominion over the Americas. It also highlights the challenges of reconciling ancient texts and myths with historical evidence, and how interpretations can be shaped by political and ideological agendas.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue include the enduring mystery of ancient civilizations, the power of historical narratives, the intersection of science and myth, and the quest for knowledge. The editorial stance appears to be one that embraces the exploration of unexplained phenomena and historical enigmas, encouraging critical thinking while remaining open to unconventional theories. The magazine seems to advocate for the pursuit of knowledge and understanding, even when faced with complex and unresolved questions about our past and the universe.

This issue of 'EL OJO CRITICO' (The Critical Eye), issue number 27, delves into a rich tapestry of historical events, explorations, and intriguing mysteries, with a particular focus on ufology and its intersection with history and science. The magazine explores the exploits of legendary figures, the dawn of global exploration, and the enduring enigma of unidentified flying objects.

Historical Figures and Conflicts

The issue begins by recounting the exploits of Gjergj Kastrioti, known as Skanderbeg, the prince of Epirus. It details his early life as a hostage of the Ottoman Sultan Murad II, his conversion to Islam, and his eventual escape to reclaim his patrimony. Skanderbeg's legendary resistance against the Ottoman Empire for thirty years is highlighted, positioning him as a formidable opponent alongside other Balkan leaders like Janos Hunyadi and the infamous Drácula (Vlad Tepes).

The narrative then shifts to Vlad Tepes, the Voivode of Transylvania, known for his brutal methods, particularly impalement, which he employed against the Turks. His fierce resistance and the terror he instilled in his enemies are vividly described, including an anecdote about his tactical prowess and ruthlessness.

The Age of Exploration

The magazine then transitions to the Age of Discovery, featuring a letter from Christopher Columbus to Luis de Santángel detailing his first voyage to the Americas in 1492. Columbus describes the islands he encountered, naming them San Salvador, Santa María de la Concepción, Fernandina, and Isabela. He marvels at the beauty and resources of 'La Española' (Hispaniola), noting the indigenous people's customs and their lack of iron or steel. The letter also touches upon the existence of 'monsters' and the possibility of larger islands with abundant gold.

Further exploration is discussed through the voyages of Bartolomeu Días, who rounded the Cape of Good Hope, and the subsequent journey of Vasco de Gama to India. The text speculates on how a successful completion of Días's voyage might have delayed the discovery of America.

The issue also explores the scientific and intellectual debates surrounding the shape of the Earth during Columbus's time. It highlights the calculations of Eratosthenes and Posidonio, who demonstrated Earth's sphericity, and the resistance to this idea, often rooted in religious interpretations.

Cartography and Ancient Maps

A significant section is dedicated to the Ottoman admiral and cartographer Pîri Reis. His 1513 map is discussed, particularly its depiction of the Americas and its potential connection to ancient maps. The text examines the possibility that Pîri Reis's map might have incorporated knowledge from earlier sources, including the controversial claim of a connection to Antarctic coastlines.

The 'Martian Stone' Case

A central piece of the magazine is the detailed account of the 'Martian Stone' case, a key event in Spanish ufology. The story of Alberto Sanmartín, an infirmary worker who claimed to have received a mysterious stone from an extraterrestrial being in Madrid in 1954, is presented. The narrative describes the stone's characteristics and the various analyses it underwent, including those conducted in Madrid and Brazil. The text highlights the conflicting results and the eventual questioning of the stone's authenticity, suggesting it might have been a deliberate fabrication or a misinterpretation.

Spanish Science Fiction Cinema

The issue also features a segment on Spanish science fiction cinema, focusing on the film 'EL HOMBRE PERSEGUIDO POR UN OVNI' (The Man Pursued by a UFO) by Juan Carlos Olaria. The film is described as a cult B-movie, unique in Spanish cinema for its sci-fi theme, and is compared to the work of Ed Wood. The article discusses Olaria's independent filmmaking style and his passion for the genre.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine consistently explores the intersection of history, exploration, and unexplained phenomena. There's a clear interest in challenging conventional narratives and uncovering hidden histories, whether through ancient maps, forgotten explorers, or alleged extraterrestrial encounters. The editorial stance appears to be one of critical inquiry, presenting evidence and analysis while acknowledging the speculative nature of some topics. The recurring theme is the human quest for knowledge, whether it be the exploration of new worlds, the understanding of the cosmos, or the investigation of the unknown.

This issue of CUARTA DIMENSION, titled "EL EMBAJADOR DE LAS ESTRELLAS" (The Ambassador of the Stars), delves into two significant UFO-related cases, primarily focusing on the "Red Eyes" incident and the alleged hoax surrounding the "Martian Stone."

The 'Martian Stone' Hoax

The article begins by dissecting the "Martian Stone" case, involving Alberto Sanmartín, who claimed to have received a mysterious stone from an extraterrestrial. Fernando Sesma, a prominent figure in the UFO community, is implicated as the intellectual force behind the fabrication of the story, aiming to lend credibility to Sanmartín's account. Evidence suggests that Sesma instructed Sanmartín to invent a believable narrative, drawing inspiration from contactee George Adamski's descriptions.

Investigative work by José Juan Montejo and others revealed contradictions in Sanmartín's story and suggested that the stone might have been a manufactured object. Mineralogists offered potential explanations for the stone's composition, suggesting materials like alginate and dental plaster, commonly used by dentists. The article posits that Sanmartín, possibly influenced by his experiences as a nurse and his interactions with dentists, may have created the stone using readily available materials to create a complex puzzle for analysis.

Fernando Sesma's role is further explored, with his wife Pacita recounting his decision to move to Brazil, driven by a belief in sensational events related to UFOs and the possibility of a subterranean UFO base in Mato Grosso. Sanmartín's own writings are analyzed, showing an expansion of his narrative with fantastical details.

The 'Red Eyes' Incident: A Radar-Visual Encounter

The magazine then shifts focus to the "Red Eyes" incident, described as potentially the best UFO case in Spanish ufology. On November 4, 1970, two Spanish Air Force F-86F Sabre pilots, Captain Juan Alfonso Sáez-Benito Toledo and Lieutenant Luís Carbayo Olivares, were tasked with identifying an unknown radar target during a defense exercise.

The object, detected by ground radar at Calatayud, exhibited anomalous speed and behavior, leading the pilots on a chase. Despite multiple intercept attempts, the pilots could not visually confirm the object until later in the encounter. The object displayed incredible maneuverability, rapidly changing altitude and speed, and eluding the pursuing jets.

Witness testimonies from the pilots describe the object as "egg-shaped," "shiny gray," and capable of "vertiginous" movements. The encounter lasted for several minutes, with the object following the jets at high speed and altitude before disappearing.

Investigation and Analysis of 'Red Eyes'

Investigative efforts by Juan José Benítez and Vicente Juan Ballester-Olmos are detailed, highlighting the difficulty in obtaining official documentation related to the case. The article notes that the official file reportedly "disappeared" from military archives. Correspondence with the French CNES (National Centre for Space Studies) ruled out the possibility of stratospheric balloons being responsible for the sighting in November 1970.

Two versions of the pilots' accounts are presented: one from Lieutenant Carbayo, obtained indirectly, and another from Captain Sáez-Benito, given years later. Discrepancies exist in the descriptions, with Sáez-Benito's later account possibly influenced by common UFO imagery. The pilots' descriptions of the object's maneuvers are deemed incompatible with known aircraft or balloons, and the radar data corroborates the extraordinary nature of the encounter.

Scientific Perspectives on Paranormal Phenomena

The issue includes a section on scientists debating paranormal phenomena. It features the views of Dr. Gary Schwartz, who advocates for adapting scientific methods to individual abilities in studying paranormal claims; Dr. Bernard Beitman, proposing "Coincidence Studies" to incorporate subjectivity and human consciousness; and Dr. Alan Sanderson, who focuses on clinical observation and therapeutic techniques for phenomena like spirit possession.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine consistently explores cases that blur the lines between genuine phenomena and potential hoaxes, emphasizing the importance of rigorous investigation and critical analysis. The editorial stance appears to be one of open-minded inquiry, acknowledging the complexities and uncertainties surrounding UFO reports while seeking rational explanations and exposing potential deception. The recurring theme is the challenge of verifying extraordinary claims, particularly when official documentation is scarce or missing, and the role of human perception and imagination in shaping these narratives.

This issue of "EL CRITICO" (Issue 41) focuses on the complex interplay between classified information, national security, and the phenomenon of Unidentified Flying Objects (UFOs) within the Spanish military and intelligence framework. The publication delves into regulatory norms, security procedures, and the handling of sensitive data, while also exploring specific cases and the broader implications for research and public perception.

National Security and Classified Information

The article begins by tracing the evolution of information security norms, starting with the OM 76/2006, which established terms like SEGINFODOC, SEGINFOPER, SEGINFOINST, SEGINFOSIT, and SEGINFOEMP. These terms define specialized areas for information security, covering documents, personnel, installations, systems, and companies. The National Security Office (ONS), under the National Intelligence Center (CNI), is highlighted as the entity responsible for developing national standards for the protection of classified information (NS), including norms like NS/01 through NS/06, which address infrastructure, personnel security, physical security, information systems, and industrial security.

The publication emphasizes the global trend towards harmonizing directives and legislation, particularly through NATO, to protect sensitive information, systems, and locations. It stresses the crucial role of personnel security clearances (HPS) for individuals, whether civilian, military, or from agencies like the European Space Agency (ESA), who need access to classified information.

For researchers, the article advises understanding the historical context of security norms to effectively analyze evidence. It notes that general security regulations apply to UFO-related information, even if not explicitly mentioned. The core areas discussed are classified documents, systems for storage and transmission, secure locations, and the people who handle them.

Classified Documents

A classified document is defined as any portable medium (paper or electronic) containing information classified according to the Ministry of Defense's Information Security Policy (OM 76/06). The classification level of a document is determined by the highest degree of classification of the information it contains.

The article details various classification levels, including national (DIFUSIÓN LIMITADA, CONFIDENCIAL, RESERVADO, SECRETO), NATO (NATO RESTRICTED, NATO CONFIDENTIAL, NATO SECRET, COSMIC TOP SECRET), and EU (RESTREINT UE, CONFIDENTIEL UE, SECRET UE, TRES SECRET UE). It explains that currently, all documents must be marked, with new designations for non-classified documents: "USO OFICIAL" (OFFICIAL USE) and "USO PÚBLICO" (PUBLIC USE) for Ministry of Defense information.

The distinction between 'CHARACTER OF CONFIDENTIALITY' and 'CLASSIFICATION OF CONFIDENTIALITY' is made, illustrating that personal communications might be confidential but not classified, whereas official documents, if classified, carry significant legal weight.

Systems for Handling Classified Information

Systems that process and transmit classified information must be authorized and protected to ensure confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Unauthorized programs, viruses, or personnel cannot negatively affect these systems. The article dismisses the idea of easy access through hacking, emphasizing that only authorized personnel or system administrators can access such information. It also touches upon the 'Tempest Effect,' which involves detecting electromagnetic emanations from electronic devices to gather information, though it notes that facilities are protected against such methods.

Secure Locations

Restricted Access Zones (ZARs) or Security Areas (Clase I or Clase II) are installations authorized to handle CONFIDENTIAL or higher classified information. Access is strictly controlled based on the 'Need to Know' principle, requiring explicit authorization even for personnel with security clearances.

Personnel with Access to Classified Information

Individuals handling classified information must undergo a rigorous process to obtain security clearances (HPS). This involves extensive personal and family background checks. The article identifies different types of HPS and specializations, such as CRYPTO, SIGINT, ATOMAL, and BOHEMIA, across national, NATO, and EU policies.

It identifies human factors as the weakest link in security, noting that while systems can be secured, human memory and discretion are harder to control. Researchers are advised to consider the potential for misrepresentation or false memories when evaluating testimonies.

UFO Phenomena and Investigations

The magazine dedicates significant sections to UFO phenomena, outlining the procedures for reporting and investigating sightings within the Spanish Air Force.

Reporting UFO Sightings

Notifications of UFO sightings can be received at any level and must be promptly forwarded to the relevant Air Base or command. An Informing Officer is appointed to compile an investigation file, which includes details on meteorology, aerospace activity, radar data, and witness testimonies. The classification of these reports can range from CONFIDENCIAL upwards.

Investigation Procedures

Witness testimonies are to be collected individually to ensure consistency and authenticity. The reliability of reports is assessed using a key combining witness quality (A-D) and observation quality (1-4). The article notes that the final assessment by the Informing Officer can be subjective, influenced by factors like the number of witnesses, age, or potential biases.

Graphic materials related to sightings are not to be confiscated but requested for analysis, with a guarantee of return. The article also discusses the handling of potential UFO debris, emphasizing careful preservation and documentation.

Spanish UFO Declassifications

The issue references the 1992 Spanish UFO declassification, noting that while the procedures appear correct, some aspects, like the absence of registration numbers on leaked documents, suggest potential manipulation or selective release of information. The article analyzes a leaked document from the Ministry of Defense, highlighting its classification as 'RESERVADO' and questioning the circumstances of its release to the press.

Psychological Operations and Media

The publication explores the concept of psychological operations, suggesting that media like Carl Sagan's "Cosmos" might employ subtle techniques to influence public perception regarding UFOs and extraterrestrial life. It posits that such operations can be used to 'educate' or shape opinions, often by presenting extraordinary claims with a skeptical tone or by downplaying certain evidence.

Conclusion

The article concludes by summarizing the importance of understanding classified information protocols and the procedures for handling UFO-related reports. It reiterates the complexity of information security and the challenges of verifying information, especially in the context of potential psychological operations aimed at shaping public opinion.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue are national security, information classification, military regulations, and the investigation of UFO phenomena. The editorial stance appears to be one of critical analysis, encouraging readers to question official narratives, scrutinize information sources, and understand the procedures governing sensitive data. There is a clear emphasis on the importance of rigorous investigation, the potential for manipulation of information, and the need for a discerning approach to claims, particularly those related to UFOs and potential psychological operations.

This issue of EOC CRITICO, identified as 'EXCLUSIVA 10', delves into various conspiracy theories, with a primary focus on debunking the moon landing hoax and analyzing claims made by figures like Robert Lazar and Gary McKinnon. It also features an interview with influential astroarchaeologist Erich von Däniken and discusses the controversial documentary 'Operación Palace'. The publication aims to critically examine these topics, providing detailed analysis and counterarguments.

Robert Lazar: Seen but Not Touched

The article critically assesses Robert Lazar's claims about working at a high-security military installation. The author finds Lazar's narrative inconsistent, questioning his account of being disciplined for touching a vehicle he was inspecting and his changing story about seeing an extraterrestrial, which he later revised to a mannequin. The author also points out the absurdity of Lazar's description of his commute and the security measures, suggesting he may not have had direct experience with highly classified information. The piece highlights Lazar's tendency to focus on 'I' and 'me', implying a self-aggrandizing narrative. The author also questions why authorities have not pursued legal action against Lazar if his claims were false, suggesting he might be a 'useful idiot'.

Gary McKinnon: The Mischievous One

This section addresses Gary McKinnon's hacking into NASA and other US defense networks. The author clarifies that McKinnon's actions, while illegal, were primarily related to computer security breaches and did not involve finding evidence of spaceships or extraterrestrials, as he claimed he was searching for. The article notes that McKinnon's objective might have been to find UFO-related information, but emphasizes that sensitive information is not typically stored on public networks.

Erich von Däniken Interview

In an interview, Erich von Däniken discusses the evolution of his theories since his first book, 'Chariots of the Gods'. He acknowledges that many historians initially dismissed his ideas but notes that evidence from archaeology and sacred texts continues to point to ancient extraterrestrial visitation. Von Däniken highlights mysteries like the Nazca lines and the Palenque sarcophagus lid as examples of phenomena that defy conventional explanations. He expresses certainty that extraterrestrials will return in the future, suggesting that humanity's religious figures may be revealed as extraterrestrials. He also addresses the concept of 'Exopolitics', expressing skepticism about current human-extraterrestrial contact claims and believing that extraterrestrials have other methods of observation. Von Däniken admits to being wrong on minor details in his past work but maintains the core of his theories about ancient alien intervention and their future return.

Wikileaks

The article examines Wikileaks, acknowledging its role in releasing sensitive information but cautioning that not all information is reliable. The author notes that much of the released material pertains to past events, though it is still valuable. The piece mentions Wikileaks's release of FBI files on Scientology and information related to the Tunguska event. The author expresses concern about the potential for 'extractivism,' where information is presented out of context to create a false narrative, using the example of a simulated documentary.

Moon Landing Conspiracy: Lies of the Lunar Conspiracy

This extensive section, authored by Yvan Figueiras, meticulously debunks common arguments used by moon landing deniers. It begins by referencing J.J. Benítez's 'Mirlo Rojo' and Jordi Évole's 'Operación Palace' as examples of modern false documentaries. The article traces the origins of the moon landing conspiracy to William Charles Kaysing's 1974 book. It systematically addresses claims such as:

• The absence of stars in lunar photographs: The author explains this is due to camera exposure settings, similar to how stars are not visible in night photos taken with a flash.
• The appearance of 'hot spots' and reflections: These are attributed to lighting conditions, camera lens effects, and the reflective nature of astronaut suits and equipment.
• The flag appearing to wave: This is explained by the flag being mounted on a telescopic pole with a horizontal bar to keep it extended, and any apparent movement is due to its initial deployment or gases from the lunar module's ascent stage.
• Shadow discrepancies: These are explained by the irregular lunar terrain and the reflective properties of the lunar surface and equipment.
• The 'Fergana astronaut' image: Identified as an illustration from Sputnik magazine.
• The 'crosses' appearing behind objects: These are explained as artifacts from early scanning technology, which have since been resolved with modern scanners.

The article emphasizes that the Apollo missions were meticulously documented, and evidence from subsequent missions, such as India's Chandrayaan-1 and NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO), has corroborated the presence of landing sites, equipment, and rover tracks on the Moon.

Operación Palace: The Lunar Conspiracy in Spanish Version

This section details Jordi Évole's 'Operación Palace', a false documentary that presented the 1981 Spanish coup attempt (23-F) as a staged political event. The article explains that the documentary used archival footage and interviews with political figures and journalists, some of whom were aware of the hoax. The program aimed to highlight the lack of transparency in the Spanish state and encourage critical thinking among viewers. It generated significant public reaction and media attention.

Chilean Police Training on Sects

This article reports on Chilean detectives from the PDI (Policía de Investigación) traveling to Paris to learn about European police methods for dealing with sects. They studied techniques like 'induced recall,' used by cults to control members, and the use of alternative medicine and self-help seminars as recruitment facades. The article notes the global nature of the sect phenomenon and the importance of prevention.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine consistently adopts a skeptical and critical stance towards conspiracy theories, particularly those related to UFOs and the moon landing. While acknowledging the existence of mysteries and unexplained phenomena, the publication prioritizes evidence-based explanations and scientific reasoning. The editorial stance appears to be one of debunking unsubstantiated claims and promoting critical thinking. The interview with Erich von Däniken, while respectful of his influence, also presents counterarguments to his more speculative theories. The detailed analysis of moon landing conspiracy arguments underscores the magazine's commitment to factual accuracy and its role in challenging popular misinformation.

This issue of LOS CONFIDENCIALES de EOC (Issue 61, dated May 2014) is a Spanish-language magazine focusing on paranormal phenomena, ufology, and critical analysis of alleged mysteries. The publication appears to be a continuation of the EOC (Enigmas, OVNIs, Conspiraciones) series, with a strong emphasis on debunking hoaxes and examining the role of marketing and media in shaping public perception of anomalous events.

Key Articles and Content

Almagro: Campo de Batalla

This section details a controversy within the Spanish ufology community involving two EOC authors, José Manuel Frías and Juan José Sánchez-Oro. The dispute arose from Frías's investigation into a supposed poltergeist case in Almagro. The article highlights personal attacks and the authors' use of audio platforms like Ivoox to air their grievances, questioning whether the debate contributes meaningfully to understanding the case.

Activismo OVNISPAIN

This piece discusses the emergence of a new generation of UFO enthusiasts, exemplified by Fernando Domínguez and his community OVNISpain. While acknowledging their passion and efforts to spread their message through public displays like graffiti and posters, the article questions the efficiency of their methods in convincing skeptics, noting their unwavering belief in extraterrestrial presence.

...por un módico precio

This section critiques events and conferences organized by figures in the paranormal community, specifically mentioning Luis Mariano Fernández. It points out that some speakers at these events offer services, such as spiritual readings or astrological charts, for a fee, suggesting a commercial aspect to the promotion of paranormal phenomena.

Bunge reniega del MEO español

This article reports on statements made by the renowned scholar Mario Bunge, who criticizes the Spanish pseudo-skeptical movement (MEO - Movimiento Escéptico Organizado). Bunge expresses disappointment with the movement's lack of organization and impact, stating it has been 'useless.' The article notes the irony, as Bunge himself is credited as the creator of the foundational manifesto for ARP (Agrupación para la Racionalización de la Paranormalidad) and the intellectual author of the movement.

Reentradas: una lista actualizada

A brief note highlights the work of investigator Ted Molczan, who has compiled a list of satellite re-entries into the Earth's atmosphere. This is presented as a useful tool for researchers, as such events can sometimes be mistaken for UFO sightings.

UMMO volvió a La Ballena

This section covers a conference given by lawyer and criminologist José Juan Montejo about the UMMO case and the 1960s Lyon UFO study groups. Montejo shared his open-minded approach to unexplained phenomena and his disagreements with certain theories and figures within the Anomalía Foundation.

Vuelve Julio Barroso

This piece discusses Julio Barroso's return to the public eye with a new project, 'Marcados por el misterio,' a TV adaptation of his book 'Famosos al descubierto.' This follows a previous EOC publication that questioned the credibility of some mystery divulgators, including Barroso, who allegedly admitted to falsifying cases for audience gain.

Muere el Dr. Padrón

This short article announces the death of Dr. Francisco Julio Padrón León, a key witness in the Galdar UFO case in the Canary Islands. The Galdar incident, involving an anomalous aerial phenomenon observed in 1976, is described as one of the most notable and controversial cases in Spanish ufology.

La Foto:

A caption describes a significant photograph taken on November 27, 1978, during a UN General Assembly session. It features notable figures like astronaut Gordon Cooper, astronomers Jacques Vallée and J. Allen Hynek, and Prime Minister Sir Eric Gairy, who initiated a debate on the UFO problem, marking a moment when the phenomenon was close to official international recognition.

Buscamos otros testigos del OVNI

This section appeals for witnesses to a specific UFO sighting that occurred on June 17th in A Baña, Spain. The object was described as a bright orange sphere accompanied by three smaller yellow spheres, exhibiting unusual flight patterns.

El archivo del CEI se traslada a Suecia

This brief report states that the archives of the Centro de Estudios Interplanetarios (CEI), a prominent Spanish ufology organization, have been moved from Barcelona to Stockholm. The reason cited is the current custodians' lack of time or inclination to maintain the physical archive, though the bulk of the material is reportedly scanned.

¿TELEPATIA EN LABORATORIO...?

This article discusses experiments conducted by cognitive scientist Carlyle Smith at Trent University, exploring the nature of dreams and telepathy. In one experiment, students were asked to dream about the problems of a woman in a photograph, with results showing a significant increase in dreams related to her specific issues, suggesting a possible form of telepathic connection.

La Biblioteca del investigador

• This section reviews several influential publications in the field of parapsychology and ufology:
• Boletín del CEI: The initial publication of the Centro de Estudios Interplanetarios (CEI) from 1959.
• Stendeck: A magazine published by the CEI between 1970 and 1981.
• PSI-Comunicación: The official magazine of the Sociedad Española de Parapsicología (1975-1990), noted for its rigorous research and the involvement of scientists from various disciplines.
• Mundo Desconocido: Founded in 1976 by Alejandro Vignati and Andreas Faber-Kaiser, this magazine featured contributions from international figures in the paranormal field.

MATTHEW MANNING VUELVE A HABLAR

This piece announces an interview with Matthew Manning, described as Britain's most important psychic, who has emerged from a decades-long retreat. Manning claims his abilities, including healing cancer, are real and provable, and a report in GQ magazine details his experiences and the scientific scrutiny he has undergone.

El primer congreso monográfico de los nuevos investigadores II JORNADAS SOLIDARIAS DEL MISTERIO

• This section covers the 'II JORNADAS SOLIDARIAS DEL MISTERIO' congress, organized by Dimensión Límite. The event featured a new generation of investigators and aimed to raise funds for social organizations. Highlights include:
• The inaugural ceremony with Juan Manuel Luengo, Paulino Magro, and David Cuevas, emphasizing the social spirit of the event.
• Miguel Ángel Ruíz's talk on international terrorism, framed within a conspiratorial perspective.
• Diego Cortijo's presentation on the mystery of the Yonaguni ruins.
• Lourdes Gómez's personal journey in search of Atlantis.
• Chris Aubeck's demystifying analysis of ufology's origins and its connection to myths, showing an increasingly skeptical stance.

Un pero más en las estafas esotéricas

This article reports on the arrest of six psychics in Barcelona who were extorting clients by threatening to reveal compromising information obtained from recorded phone conversations. The operation, named 'Mala hierba,' uncovered a network that extorted significant sums of money from vulnerable individuals.

Crop Circles, OVNIs, fantasmas y poltergeist falsos que dan la vuelta al mundo

This multi-part series investigates viral phenomena presented as genuine mysteries:

• VIRAL: LOS FABRICANTES DE FALSOS MISTERIOS: Discusses the 'Dragonfly' case, where images of alleged UFOs were circulated online. It reveals that these were staged for a viral marketing campaign for the video game 'Zhu Xian 2' (Dynasty Jade), using an actress to create the illusion of supernatural events.

• Viral: la maldición del misterio: Explains how the 'Dragonfly' case and similar viral videos are effective marketing tools, leveraging public belief in the paranormal to promote products without explicit advertising.

• OVNIs, fantasmas, ángeles, ... todo vale: Critiques how media outlets, often dismissive of paranormal investigators, readily report on viral hoaxes, which are ultimately designed to sell products.

• El Proyecto Iván: Details how the MEO (Movimiento Escéptico Organizado) allegedly fabricated UFO sightings using balloons and lanterns near Bilbao to gain publicity by 'debunking' them.

• Los Dragonfly de California: Further elaborates on the 'Dragonfly' case, revealing how the images and accompanying 'evidence' were part of a viral marketing campaign for the TV series 'Terminator: The Sarah Connor Chronicles.' The article highlights the coincidental timing with a Hollywood screenwriters' strike.

• Los círculos de las cosechas... o del desierto: Describes the appearance of crop circles in the Gobi Desert, China, and later in Spain. It reveals that both instances were viral marketing campaigns – the Chinese circles for BMW cars and the Spanish ones for a liquor brand. The article emphasizes that paranormal investigators were often the first to expose these hoaxes.

• Sectas, espíritus, extraterrestres... todo vale: Discusses how students from the University of Cádiz created a fake news story about an 'Amish sect' in Seville as part of a marketing talent competition, which was then picked up by national media, illustrating how fabricated stories can gain traction.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine consistently adopts a critical and skeptical stance towards paranormal claims, particularly those that gain widespread attention through viral marketing or media sensationalism. It highlights the tendency for alleged phenomena to be hoaxes, marketing ploys, or misinterpretations. The publication champions the role of diligent paranormal investigators who work to debunk these claims, often contrasting their efforts with the uncritical reporting of mainstream media and the superficial skepticism of organized groups like the MEO. There is a recurring theme of exposing deception and promoting a more rational approach to understanding anomalous events, while also acknowledging the passion of genuine researchers and enthusiasts. The magazine appears to value investigative rigor and transparency, often providing links to audio recordings and further resources for readers to explore the topics discussed.

Title: El Ojo Crítico
Issue Date: July 4, 2014
Publisher: El Ojo Crítico
Country: Spain
Language: Spanish

This issue of 'El Ojo Crítico' focuses on the intersection of viral marketing, hoaxes, and the investigation of anomalous phenomena, particularly UFOs and paranormal events. It critically examines how modern marketing techniques can create and disseminate fabricated stories that gain widespread traction, often exploiting public credulity and the desire to believe in the extraordinary.

The 'This Man' Phenomenon: A Viral Dream

The magazine begins by detailing the 'This Man' phenomenon, which rapidly spread through social media and conventional news outlets. It recounts how in January 2006, a patient of a well-known psychiatrist in New York drew a man who frequently appeared in her dreams, offering her advice. This man, whom patients referred to as 'This Man,' was reportedly unknown to them in waking life. The psychiatrist shared the portrait with colleagues, and within months, four patients recognized the man from their dreams. This led to the discovery of approximately 2000 cases worldwide where people had dreamed of the same man. A website, www.thisman.org, was created to connect with others who had experienced similar dreams. Investigators later identified the website's owner as Andrea Natella, an Italian publicist specializing in viral marketing, revealing the phenomenon to be a carefully orchestrated campaign.

The 'Fallen Angel' of Campdevanol: A Viral Hoax

The article then shifts to the case of the 'fallen angel' from Catalonia, which proved profitable for its publicists. On June 11, 2006, two young investigators from Transcomunicación Instrumental filmed a creature in a forest near Gerona. While some speculated it was a Chupacabras or an extraterrestrial, others, noting its amputated wings, suggested it was an angel. The video was sent to the program 'Cuarto Milenio,' but was dismissed as a 'complete fraud' by analyst Guillermo León. However, the video found massive success on YouTube, particularly outside Spain, garnering over 8 million downloads. The magazine explains that this viral video was a hoax created by graphic designer David Resplandi and Cocobongo Artworks for a Diesel clothing campaign. The project involved special effects expert José Manuel Meneses and makeup artist Paula Bosch, who transformed actor Pere Abelló Boix into the 'fallen angel.'

The Galician UFO: A Masterclass in Viral Propaganda

The issue highlights the 'OVNI gallego' (Galician UFO) as an even more comprehensive viral campaign. This involved numerous fake UFO videos and photographs, calls to newspapers reporting invented sightings, and the support of the internet portal Terra to create the illusion of extraterrestrial contact. The campaign's ultimate goal was to sell a commercial product. The article details how on September 29, 2009, Terra published a spectacular video of Galician fishermen supposedly filming a UFO being pursued by two military jets and crashing into the sea. This video, along with other purported UFO sightings in Galicia and Asturias around that time, created the impression of a widespread 'UFO wave.' The video was quickly translated into multiple languages and featured in global media, including TV news programs. However, the magazine reveals that this was an elaborate hoax orchestrated by director Javier Fesser and producer Películas Pendelton for Terra's anniversary. Investigators uncovered the staged nature of the videos, the use of a helicopter with its markings removed, and the location of the filming. The campaign was intended to build anticipation for the reveal of the product being promoted, but the early exposure by investigators forced the creators to accelerate their plan. The deception was exposed when photos of those involved and the filming locations were published online, leading to the program 'La Rosa de los Vientos' revealing the hoax nationally, and Terra eventually admitting its responsibility.

Viral Marketing and the Erosion of Truth

Manuel Carballal, writing in the magazine, argues that viral marketing has become a significant obstacle to the investigation of anomalous phenomena. He explains that with increased creativity, resources, and budget, marketing companies can fabricate any paranormal case, using social networks to spread their messages. In a consumerist society, where the goal is to sell, 'anything goes,' including manipulating people's hopes, beliefs, and sentiments about extraterrestrial life or the afterlife. Carballal points out that the same companies that create fake UFO videos and poltergeist events are also adept at convincing people to buy questionable products, medicines, or financial schemes. He questions whether these entities would hesitate to play with people's beliefs if they are willing to risk their health, mortgages, or lives for profit.

Examples of Viral Marketing

The magazine provides several examples of successful viral marketing campaigns:

• 'Amo a Laura...': A campaign for MTV Spain featuring actors posing as Christian youths promoting celibacy, which went viral and garnered millions of views.
• 'Llévate un coche por 13.000 pepinos o pavos': A campaign involving a car giveaway.
• Esperma d'Or: A creative stunt where someone auctioned their sperm on eBay to get a job in advertising.
• Halo 2 and Halo 3: Campaigns utilizing websites like 'ilovebees.com' and Iris servers.
• Cloverfield: A viral campaign for the movie involving multiple websites.
• Suzumiya Haruhi no Yuutsu: The second season of an anime promoted virally.
• Rodolfo Chikilicuatre: A campaign that led to Eurovision.
• Fernando Alonso's 'Professional Fan' job offer: A campaign by ING Direct that attracted thousands of applications.

Investigation into the Galician UFO Hoax

The article details the investigative process undertaken by the magazine's team into the Galician UFO video. They analyzed the videos to determine their geographical location, consulted philologists to examine the Galician dialect used by the fishermen, and spoke with fishing pattern experts to identify the fishing gear and potential ports of operation. They also identified the ship, the video creators, and the helicopter company that provided the aircraft, which had been painted entirely black for the video.

El Ojo Crítico's Content and Editorial Stance

The magazine's website, elojocritico.com, is presented as a platform for 'Investigation Notebooks for Investigators of Anomalies.' It features various sections including 'Frauds,' 'Skepticism,' 'Parapsychology,' 'Ufology,' 'History,' 'Religions,' 'Psychology,' 'Criminology,' and 'Espionage.' The issue highlights the availability of its complete PDF version, number 75, which covers topics like OOPARTS, the Antikythera mechanism, the Fergana astronaut, and the Ica Stones. It also features articles on the UMMO case, new tools for anomaly research, and the 'OVNI de Adolfo Suarez.' The website also hosts discussions and comments on various paranormal and anomalous topics, including debates on pseudo-skepticism and the creation of paranormal phenomena.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

'El Ojo Crítico' consistently adopts a critical and investigative stance towards paranormal claims and alleged anomalies. The magazine actively seeks to debunk hoaxes and expose the manipulative tactics used in viral marketing and propaganda. Its editorial line prioritizes evidence-based analysis and skepticism, aiming to separate genuine mysteries from manufactured narratives. The recurring theme throughout this issue is the increasing sophistication of viral marketing and its potential to mislead the public by fabricating extraordinary events for commercial gain. The magazine positions itself as a crucial resource for discerning truth from deception in the realm of anomalous phenomena.