El Ojo Critico - No 70

Magazine Overview

Title: EL OJO CRITICO
Issue: Nº 70 (LXX)
Date: Mayo de 2012
Publisher: GRUPO FÉNIX
Country: ESPAÑA
Language: Spanish

This issue of "El Ojo Crítico" (EOC), number 70, dated May 2012, is dedicated to "Ilusionistas, magos y mediums," with a special focus on "Exopolítica y Conspiración." The magazine addresses the challenges faced by publications in the mystery and paranormal field, noting the closure of several media outlets, including "Foros del Misterio" and "Cuadernos de Ufología," attributing this to the economic crisis and the decline of print publications.

Articles and Features

Cesar Cabo: ¿Caso OVNI resuelto?

This article critically examines the widely publicized UFO case involving air traffic controller Cesar Cabo on October 11, 2011. Cabo reported an unexplained radar echo detected by three aircraft near Toledo, which did not appear on ground radar. The author explains that Cabo works in an ACC (Area Control Center) and uses radar screens, not visual observation. The article clarifies that the pilots' inability to visually confirm the object, despite good visibility conditions, is a key aspect. It delves into the functioning of TCAS (Traffic Collision Avoidance System), explaining that it uses secondary radar and communication signals between aircraft. The conclusion is that the detected 'echo' was real, likely a human-generated signal from a transponder near the ground, and not necessarily extraterrestrial in origin, adhering to Occam's Razor.

Parapsicología en la universidad española

This section reports on an academic event held at the Faculty of Psychology at the University of Granada, titled "Alcances de la consciencia: estudio científico de las experiencias Psi." The event featured lectures and a round table discussion on parapsychology as a scientific discipline, recognized by UNESCO. Speakers included Oscar Iborra, José Miguel Pérez Navarro, and Alejandro Parra, all with backgrounds in psychology and parapsychological research. The article highlights the growing academic acceptance of parapsychology, discussing experimental methods like the Ganzfeld protocol and the challenges of skepticism within the scientific community. It emphasizes that parapsychology is a field worthy of scientific study, independent of personal beliefs.

AVENTURAS EN EL DESIERTO: EL FRAUDE DE GEORGE ADAMSKI

This exclusive interview by Jerome Clark with Ray Stanford addresses the controversial figure of George Adamski, a pioneer in UFO contact claims. Stanford, who knew Adamski in the 1950s, recounts how his initial belief in Adamski's stories waned after Adamski revealed his primary motivation was financial gain, particularly related to his past involvement in bootlegging during Prohibition. Stanford discusses Adamski's claims of contact with Venusians and the alleged photographic evidence, suggesting that while Adamski may have had some genuine experiences, he embellished and fabricated details for profit. The article also touches upon the mysterious desert encounter and the figure of Orthon, questioning the veracity of Adamski's narrative.

¿Una conexión históricamente confirmada? La Sábana Santa y los Templarios

This article explores the historical connection between the Shroud of Turin (Sábana Santa) and the Knights Templar. It discusses the Shroud's appearance in Lirey, France, in the 14th century and the speculation about its earlier history, particularly its potential link to the Mandylion of Edessa. The author presents Ian Wilson's hypothesis that the Templars acquired the Shroud during the sack of Constantinople in 1204. Wilson's theory is based on interpretations of interrogations of Templars and the shared surname 'Charney' between the family that possessed the Shroud and a Templar preceptor. The article suggests that the Templars may have hidden their possession of the relic due to its association with a potentially heretical order.

MYSTERYMOUS: ¿Mentirías por la fama?

This section poses a question to the reader about whether they would lie for fame, implying a connection to the themes of illusionism and deception discussed in the magazine.

Other Content

The issue also includes sections on "Opiniones," "Exopolítica: Los traficantes del miedo," "8 nuevos casos OVNI No Desclasificados," "Investigación: OVNIs en la Base de Morón," "Análisis de una psicofonía de Argumosa," "Los Confidenciales de EOC," "E.C.M.: Las evidencias físicas," "Congreso benéfico de ufología," and "La expedición de John Franklin."

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine consistently adopts a critical and investigative approach to paranormal and anomalous phenomena. While acknowledging the existence of unexplained events, "El Ojo Crítico" emphasizes the importance of rigorous scientific methodology, skepticism, and the debunking of hoaxes and fraudulent claims. The editorial stance appears to favor rational explanations and evidence-based research, as exemplified by the analysis of the Cesar Cabo case and the critique of George Adamski's claims. The inclusion of academic research in parapsychology suggests an openness to exploring these subjects within a scientific framework, provided they adhere to established research protocols. The magazine also seems to champion the cause of independent investigators and publications in a challenging media landscape.

This issue of 'El Ojo Crítico' (Issue 69) delves into two primary, interconnected themes: the historical controversies surrounding the Shroud of Turin and an exposé on a media operation called 'MysteryMous' that targeted paranormal investigators.

The Shroud of Turin: Historical Debates and Templar Connections

The magazine presents a detailed examination of the Shroud of Turin, beginning with Ian Wilson's hypothesis suggesting a connection to the Knights Templar. Wilson's theory posits that the Shroud was in Constantinople and later acquired by the Templars, potentially used in secret liturgies.

Malcom Barber's Critique

Malcom Barber, a specialist in medieval history, offers a strong rebuttal to Wilson's claims. Barber questions the evidence for the Shroud being in Constantinople, the Templars' alleged involvement in its acquisition, and the lack of contemporary sources supporting such a significant possession being kept secret. He also dismisses the proposed familial link between Geoffroi de Charney and the owner of the Shroud in 1389, citing the commonality of the name and the lack of documentary evidence.

Barbara Frale's Reinterpretation

Barbara Frale, an archivist from the Vatican Secret Archives, revives the Templar connection theory. She interprets testimonies from the Templar interrogations (specifically Guillaume Bos, Jean Taylafer, and Arnaut Sabbatier) as allusions to a cloth bearing a human figure, which she believes could be the Shroud. Frale suggests the Templars possessed the Shroud to combat heresies that denied Christ's earthly nature, using it as a theological argument.

Andrea Nicolotti's Counter-Argument

Andrea Nicolotti, from the University of Turin, vehemently challenges Frale's interpretation. Nicolotti points out significant discrepancies between Frale's citations and the original medieval texts. He argues that Frale misinterprets key phrases like 'signum fustaneum' (figure of fustian/cotton cloth) and 'lineum' (linen), suggesting alternative readings like 'signum fusteum' (figure of wood) and 'ligneum' (wood). Nicolotti concludes that there is no solid evidence linking the Templars to the Shroud of Turin, attributing the arguments to speculation and imaginative readings of historical documents.

MysteryMous: A Media Hoax Exposed

The issue also details an operation by an anonymous group calling themselves 'MysteryMous'. This group allegedly contacted paranormal investigators, including Julio Barroso, Mado Martínez, and Alberto Cerezuela, offering them a TV program if they were willing to fake paranormal phenomena. The operation aimed to test the integrity of these investigators.

The Investigators' Reactions

Julio Barroso, a journalist and investigator, is interviewed extensively. He discusses his career and his willingness to engage with the 'MysteryMous' proposal, even offering his own material and suggesting ways to 'exaggerate' or 'invent' phenomena for dramatic effect, drawing parallels with his past work and the style of other paranormal programs. Mado Martínez and Alberto Cerezuela also recount their experiences with the calls, with Martínez being accused of lying about the time of her call and Cerezuela initially believing the offer was genuine.

The Deception Revealed

'El Ojo Crítico' investigates the claims and reveals that 'Legend Producciones S.L.', the company supposedly making the calls, does not exist. The calls were part of an experiment orchestrated by 'MysteryMous' to expose what they perceived as the dubious moral character of some mystery divulgators. The magazine includes a transcript of a call made to Julio Barroso, highlighting his willingness to engage in fabricated content.

The 'Magic Coach' and 'Luces Rojas'

Separately, the magazine features an article about the film 'Luces Rojas' (Red Lights), directed by Rodrigo Cortés. Manuel Carballal, a 'magic coach' for the film, recounts his experience working with actors like Robert De Niro, Sigourney Weaver, and Cillian Murphy to simulate paranormal abilities. The article touches upon the film's theme of unmasking fraudulent mediums and psychics, drawing parallels with historical figures and cases.

History of Magic in Spain

Another section explores the history of magic and illusionism in Spain, referencing an exhibition at the National Library of Madrid. It highlights historical figures and practices, from ancient Egypt to 16th-century Spain, emphasizing the distinction between genuine illusionism and supernatural claims.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The issue consistently questions the authenticity of paranormal claims and the methods used by some investigators and media outlets. 'El Ojo Crítico' adopts a critical stance, seeking factual evidence and exposing potential deception. The editorial stance appears to be one of skepticism towards unsubstantiated paranormal claims and a focus on journalistic integrity, as demonstrated by their investigation into the 'MysteryMous' operation and their detailed analysis of the Shroud of Turin debate. The magazine champions rigorous research and transparency, contrasting it with speculation and fabricated content.

This issue of EOC (presumably a publication focused on paranormal and critical investigation) is titled "EL ILUSIONISMO EN ESPAÑA" and features a cover story on the history of illusionism in Spain, along with a significant focus on the film "Luces Rojas" and its documentation of paranormal fraud. The issue is dated '27' and appears to be from 2012, with the publisher identified as EOC.

Literatura mágica

The article "Literatura mágica" traces the history of magic literature in Spain. It notes that in the 17th century, mnemonics or the art of improving memory became a new discipline for magicians. In 1626, "El Fénix de Minerva y el arte de la memoria" by Juan Velázquez de Acevedo was published. However, it was in the 18th century that a significant explosion of literary works on magical arts occurred in Spain. The first book entirely dedicated to magic, "Engaños a ojos vistas y diversión de trabajos mundanos, fundada en lícitos juegos de manos..." by Pablo Minguet e Yrol, was published in 1733. This compilation of texts from other countries, covering card, dice, and cup games, was highly successful, with five re-editions and numerous pirated copies. It is considered one of the most widely distributed magic books in Spanish history, with 20 editions by 1935. The book also generated controversy, leading to a critical response in 1740 by Diego José Zamorano with his book "Thesoro atractivo de curioso, y desengaño de engaños...". An anecdote from 1733 recounts that the Italian magician Tomas Paladino, performing in Spain, was required by the Holy Inquisition to demonstrate his feats without supernatural aid and was acquitted, similar to Dalmau.

Research in Catalan archives by Francisco Porras has uncovered 18th-century advertisements for magicians. Examples include Narciso Ribot advertising "fun games of hands" in the Diario de Barcelona, and Manuel Perigallo de Valencia offering his services for private events. Jayme Chiarini also advertised his skills with shadow plays and magic. An announcement for Fondard, a physicist and mathematician, promoted a "Physics Salon" featuring an invisible girl. The article also mentions a young Juan Brasi, a disciple of Giovanni Giuseppe Pinetti, who later became known as "El hombre incombustible" in the 19th century for his use of chemical and physical magic effects. Printed plates from 1806 depicting his performances in Madrid were included in an exhibition.

In the 19th century, the first book dedicated exclusively to cartomancy, "Recreaciones del arte y la naturaleza" by Donato José Medrano, was published in 1819. Later, in 1839, "El brujo en sociedad" by Juan Mieg (known as Tio Gigüeño) became a classic, introducing many innovations and techniques from other countries. The latter half of the 19th century saw magicians incorporating animal magnetism, or hypnosis, a science recently discovered by Anton Mesmer. Spectacle hypnotism, fakirism, escapism, and grand illusions increasingly fueled the art of magic.

Ecpahela

The article also notes the appearance of the first magic shops, such as "El Rey de la Magia" by Joaquim Partagás in Barcelona, which opened in 1894. Partagás also established the first theater-salon dedicated to magic. He published "El prestidigitador Optimus, o Magia Espectral" in 1900. Another contemporary Catalan magician, Fructuoso Canonge, known as "el Merlín español", is also mentioned, with a mural and plaque in Barcelona commemorating him.

The text then shifts to earlier historical accounts, referencing the condemnation of spiritualism, divination, and sorcery by Islam, Judaism, and Christianity. However, it notes that Al Andalus was a center for mathematics, physics, and chemistry. The article mentions the 10th-century poet and moralist Ibn Hazam of Córdoba, who in his "History of Religions" described the prodigies of a santon named Abu Mohamed "Al Mojric" (The Miracle Worker). Abu Mohamed gained popularity by making voices appear from walls, attributed to jinn. However, Ibn Hazam revealed that the trick was orchestrated by his secretary, Mohamed Ben Abdallah, who, hidden behind walls, used a tube to emit voices. The text quotes Ibn Hazam describing how he exposed this trick.

Palacio Desencantado

The first book on debunking magic published in Spain, and one of its copies featured in the exhibition, was "Palacio desencantado de Mister Macallister" by theater entrepreneur Antonio Rotondo, published in 1847. This was not just a divulgative book but an act of revenge against the English magician Macallister, who had achieved great success with his show "El Palacio Encantado" in Madrid. The 54-page book details the 45 magic routines presented by Macallister, who had been an assistant to the famous French magician Philippe. The article reiterates that the latter half of the 19th century saw the integration of animal magnetism (hypnosis) into magic repertoires, and the rise of spectacle hypnotism, fakirism, and escapism.

It also mentions the suspicion towards impostors and false healers who appropriated these techniques. Almost a century later, in 1931, the first major work on debunking, "Los fraudes espiritistas y los fenómenos metapsíquicos," by Mexican Jesuit priest Carlos María de Heredia, was published. Heredia, a friend of Harry Houdini, was fascinated by prestidigitation and studied magic. He dedicated his later career to exposing mediums and psychics, even offering a $10,000 prize for proof of supernatural abilities.

The Heirs of Houdini

Erik Weisz, known as Harry Houdini, is highlighted as a key figure in debunking. Initially a trapeze artist, he was inspired by the book of magician Jean Eugéne Robert-Houdin to pursue magic and adopted the name Houdini. He became the world's greatest escapist. During the spiritualism boom of the late 19th and early 20th centuries in Europe and America, Houdini, like Carlos María de Heredia, dedicated himself to exposing fraudulent mediums and psychics. He famously infiltrated séances, sometimes accompanied by a police officer to arrest the fake medium. The article mentions that Houdini inspired many other prestidigitators and illusionists, such as John Maskelyne and Milbourne Christopher, who continued the work of debunking, though sometimes with excessive skepticism.

La historia de dos investigadores de fraudes paranormales

This section focuses on the film "Luces Rojas" (Red Lights) and its documentary basis. Director Rodrigo Cortés contacted collaborator David Cuevas for research materials on paranormal fraud and illusionism. Cuevas recommended Manuel Carballal, described as a "two-in-one" expert. The film's plot involves two paranormal investigators, Dr. Margaret Matheson (Sigourney Weaver) and her assistant Tom Buckley (Cillian Murphy), who aim to prove the fraudulent nature of metapsychical phenomena. They face their greatest challenge from Simon Silver (Robert De Niro), a legendary psychic. The article notes that Cortés sought to document the film as accurately as possible, using literature such as Terence Hines' "Pseudosciences and the Paranormal" and Bryan Farha's "Paranormal Claimes," as well as works by Martin Gardner.

Key sources for the film included Carlos María de Heredia's "Los fraudes espiritistas y los fenómenos metapsíquicos" and Oscar González Quevedo's "Las fuerzas físicas de la mente." For the portrayal of Simon Silver's magnetism, Cortés researched figures like Gasparetto, Ted Serios, Andrés Ballesteros, and Uri Geller. The film also draws on books about mentalism, such as John Booth's "Paradojas psíquicas" and Tony Corinda's "Los 13 escalones del mentalismo."

Manuel Carballal was instrumental in training Cillian Murphy in prestidigitation techniques for his role as Dr. Tom Buckley. Carballal also demonstrated a metal-bending effect to Robert De Niro, which was incorporated into the film. The article highlights that the film aims for a credible and well-documented portrayal of paranormal fraud.

El mago que instruyó a la CIA contra el KGB

This section details how the CIA recruited magician John Mulholland in the 1950s as an advisor to train secret service agents against KGB spies. Mulholland authored two illustrated manuals on magic, revealing tricks for espionage, including hiding, transporting, and administering substances, and communication methods that allowed agents to remain unseen. One tactic, "blindness to change," involved agents altering their location subtly to create a "blind spot" for surveillance. The article references the book "Los engaños de la mente" by neuroscientists Stephen L. Macknick and Susana Martínez-Conde, which discusses how magicians manipulate visual perception. Mulholland's work is mentioned in this context, and the article notes that his manuals were destroyed by the CIA director in 1973, possibly due to failed assassination attempts, such as those against Fidel Castro. The manuals were later published in 2007 by Robert Wallace and H. Keith Melto.

"Echo en falta más trabajo de campo dentro de la investigación paranormal"

This is an interview with Rodrigo Cortés, director of "Luces Rojas." Cortés explains his long-standing interest in the paranormal, stemming from childhood fascination with the mysterious, similar to his interest in fantasy cinema. He clarifies that his interest is not scientific but rather thematic, exploring the human drive to find explanations for the unknown. He discusses how "Luces Rojas" blends the paranormal with the concept of fraud, focusing on the mechanisms of perception and belief. Cortés emphasizes the role of illusionism in portraying paranormal fraud, as many tricks rely on the same principles as magic.

Cortés explains that the film's credibility comes from meticulous documentation and a desire to present a compelling experience for the viewer. He contrasts this with conventional genre films that often lose their initial promise. The film incorporates real-life references to paragnosts and paranormal abilities, drawing inspiration from figures like Ted Serios, Uri Geller, Peter Hurkos, Ingo Swann, and Nina Kulagina. The article mentions that the film also uses real-life accounts of spiritism, such as "table tipping."

Cortés discusses the film's use of automatic painting, referencing the case of Gasparetto, and the detail of specific music used during painting scenes, which he compares to Mónica Nieto's case. He also touches upon the idea that many purported psychics lead difficult lives.

An anecdote from the filming in Barcelona involves a pigeon crashing into Cortés's window, and Cillian Murphy reporting a similar incident with a seagull on the same day, suggesting a possible paranormal connection or a curious coincidence.

La neurociencia analiza las técnicas de magos y prestidigitadores

This section, titled "Magia y Cerebro: nace la Neuromagia," discusses the intersection of neuroscience and magic, referencing the work of neuroscientist Dra. Susana Martinez-Conde and her husband Stephen L. Macknik. The article describes a magic trick performed by "Gran Tomsoni" where a white dress appears to turn red under changing lights. The explanation reveals that this is not a supernatural feat but relies on the audience's visual perception and neural adaptation. The trick involves manipulating the audience's attention and exploiting the phenomenon of neural adaptation, where the brain becomes less responsive to constant stimuli. When the red light is turned off, the neurons produce a "rebound" effect, creating a red afterimage. During this brief moment, a trapdoor opens, and the white dress is quickly removed. The article also notes that intense lighting before the dress is removed prevents the audience from seeing the cables, and that the trick is performed after the audience believes it's over, when their scrutiny is relaxed.

Key concepts highlighted include: magic tricks often rely on diverting attention from the secret method; neuroscientists are studying magic to understand consciousness; and brain imaging shows specific regions are active during magic tricks.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue revolve around the history and practice of illusionism in Spain, the critical examination of paranormal claims, and the scientific understanding of perception and belief. The editorial stance appears to be one of skepticism towards paranormal phenomena, advocating for rational explanations and scientific investigation, while acknowledging the enduring human fascination with the mysterious and the unexplained. The issue emphasizes the importance of rigorous documentation and research, as exemplified by the film "Luces Rojas" and the work of figures like Manuel Carballal and Carlos María de Heredia. There is a clear distinction made between genuine illusionism, which relies on skill and misdirection, and fraudulent claims that exploit people's beliefs. The role of neuroscience in understanding how magic tricks work and how our brains perceive reality is also a prominent theme.

This issue of CRITICO, titled "Ilusiones Cognitivas" (Cognitive Illusions), delves into the fascinating intersection of magic, neuroscience, and psychology. It explores how magicians exploit human perception and attention, and how neuroscientists are leveraging these techniques to understand the brain.

The New Science of Neuromagic

The lead article, "La nueva ciencia de la neuromagia," explains that magicians are masters of attention and apprehension, manipulating what we are aware of. They use visual illusions, optical illusions, special effects, and prestidigitation, but their most versatile tool is the creation of cognitive illusions. These illusions, unlike visual ones, involve higher-level functions like attention, memory, and causal inference. Neuroscientists are beginning to match the ease with which magicians manipulate attention and cognition, aiming to understand the neural bases of cognitive functions, while magicians seek to exploit cognitive weaknesses. The techniques developed by magicians over centuries could serve as valuable tools for neuroscientists.

The article highlights that neuroscience is becoming familiar with magic's methods, discovering how some tricks work in the brain. Many studies confirm what experimental psychology has taught about cognition and attention. The importance of these studies lies in how they allow neuroscientists to adapt magic's techniques for their own research purposes. It is suggested that cognitive neuroscience could have advanced more rapidly if researchers had paid more attention to magicians' insights, as magicians may possess tricks not yet adopted by scientists. By applying magic techniques, neuroscientists hope to design better experiments and create more effective illusions to explore attention and consciousness. These techniques could also aid in diagnosing and treating patients with specific cognitive deficits, such as attention deficits or Alzheimer's disease, and could be used to help patients focus on therapy by distracting them from confusing elements.

Types of Cognitive Illusions

The issue details several types of cognitive illusions:

• Change Blindness: An observer fails to notice changes in a scene, even if they are drastic, especially during brief interruptions like blinks or saccadic eye movements.
• Inattentional Blindness: An observer fails to notice an unexpected object, even if it is perfectly visible, without the need to compare the current scene with a memorized one.
• Choice Blindness: A spectator explains their preference for a choice, even if the chosen item was secretly replaced with a rejected one, and they do not realize the substitution.
• Illusory Correlation: An event appears to cause another with which it has no actual relationship.

Magic as a Research Tool

Several articles explore how magic serves as a tool for neuroscientific research:

• The "Who is Who" of Exopolitical Conspiracy in Spain: This section discusses figures in the Spanish conspiracy and exopolitics scene, including Rafael Palacios (Rafapal) and Soraya Lacaba Castro. It critiques their methods, particularly the lack of rigor and the blending of serious topics with unsubstantiated claims. The article questions whether their aim is to inform or to confuse, potentially discrediting more serious conspiracy theories.

• Critique of the book "Randi's Prize" by Robert McLuhan: This review examines McLuhan's book, which analyzes skeptical explanations of paranormal phenomena. The reviewer praises McLuhan's detailed approach and his critique of pseudo-skeptics, arguing that they often fail to engage with the material seriously and rely on simplistic explanations. The review highlights the case of Tina Resch, a poltergeist incident, and discusses how skeptics like James Randi and Paul Kurtz have attempted to debunk it, often by focusing on minor details or suggesting fraud without thorough investigation.

• Rafael López Guerrero: This profile introduces Rafael López Guerrero, who claims multiple doctorates and leads the IRCAI. The article expresses skepticism about his claims, noting a lack of verifiable academic credentials and patents that appear to be standard technological applications rather than groundbreaking discoveries. It suggests that his claims about science and reality are highly unconventional, leading to the conclusion that he is either delusional or a genius.

• Soraya Lacaba Castro: This section discusses Soraya Lacaba Castro, an author and blogger known for her work on topics like chemtrails and exopolitics. The article criticizes her lack of rigor and the outdated information presented on her blog, citing an example of a video posted as new when it had been online for years. It also points out her misinterpretation of natural phenomena, such as parhelia (sun dogs), as evidence of extraordinary events.

Neuromagic: Deceptions of the Mind

Susana Martínez-Conde and Stephen L. Macknik, authors of "Los Engaños de la Mente" (The Deceptions of the Mind), explain that magicians exploit the fact that humans only process a small fraction of the information presented to them. They use distraction techniques, humor, and anecdotes to manipulate attention. The book argues that deception is inherent to human survival and that our brains construct reality based on expectations. The article also touches upon the idea that women are not inherently better at multitasking than men, debunking a common myth.

Other Applications of Magic

The issue suggests that illusionism techniques can be used to detect and treat conditions like autism and Alzheimer's. By capturing attention and directing it, these techniques could help individuals with autism who have deficits in joint attention. For Alzheimer's patients, who experience cognitive and attentional decline, magic techniques could potentially enhance these capacities.

The "Who is Who" of Exopolitical Conspiracy in Spain

This section provides an overview of prominent figures in the Spanish conspiracy and exopolitics scene. It highlights Rafael Palacios (Rafapal) as a "DJ of information" who disseminates impactful news that challenges conventional reality, often without rigorous verification. The article questions whether Rafapal's intent is to inform or to confuse, noting his tendency to mix serious topics with fantastical ones, such as the Galactic Federation and the Ashtar Command. It also points out that many of his prophecies have not come to pass, such as the predicted AMERO currency and the NESARA law.

Conclusion

The issue concludes by emphasizing the value of critical thinking when engaging with information, especially in the realms of conspiracy theories and paranormal claims. It encourages readers to be discerning and to seek out well-researched and objective sources.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue are cognitive illusions, the science of magic (neuromagic), skepticism towards paranormal claims, and the analysis of figures within the conspiracy and exopolitics communities. The editorial stance appears to be one of critical inquiry, encouraging readers to question information, understand the mechanisms of deception, and apply scientific rigor to extraordinary claims. While acknowledging the potential of magic as a research tool, the issue also cautions against unsubstantiated theories and highlights the importance of evidence-based reasoning.

This issue of CRÍTICO magazine, identified by its issue number 41, delves into a variety of unexplained phenomena, with a strong focus on UFO sightings, military encounters, and the critical analysis of alleged paranormal recordings. The cover prominently features the headline "La Fuerza Aérea investiga 23 posibles casos de OVNIS" (The Air Force investigates 23 possible UFO cases), indicating a significant portion of the content is dedicated to official investigations into aerial anomalies.

UFO Investigations and Military Encounters

The magazine reports on the Argentine Air Force's Commission for the Study of Aerospace Phenomena (CEFAE), which has received 102 complaints and is investigating 23 cases. It highlights that most reported cases are explainable as optical illusions or misinterpretations, but a significant minority remain under scrutiny. The article mentions specific cases, such as a strange reddish light seen by a charter pilot near Comodoro Rivadavia.

A substantial part of the issue is dedicated to detailing eight previously undisclosed UFO cases from the Spanish Air Force's records. These incidents, extracted from the service logs of the 'Pegaso' unit, include:

• March 10, 1978: A Mirage III fighter jet from Ala 11 scrambled to identify a radar trace (KL-345) over the Mediterranean Sea, south of Tarragona, which turned out to be an Air France Caravelle.
• November 14, 1979: An unidentified radar trace (KL-375) with an emergency code was detected northeast of Menorca, moving at 260 knots. It disappeared from radar screens due to interference.
• March 30, 1980: An unidentified radar trace (KL-771) from Italy heading towards Barcelona was detected northeast of Mallorca. It turned back before interception.
• March 31, 1980: A Mirage III fighter jet (BL-51) from Ala 11 was scrambled to intercept an unidentified radar trace (KL-504) over the Mediterranean Sea, southeast of Valencia. The object was identified as a commercial aircraft.
• May 22, 1985: A Phantom II fighter jet (DT-51) from Ala 12 was authorized to intercept an unidentified radar trace (KL-404) west of Barahona (Soria). The target was identified as a French Boeing 737.
• April 24, 1986: At Jerez de la Frontera Air Base (Cádiz), an inquiry was made to Pegaso about 'planes' that had flown over the base, but no controlled flights were scheduled in that area.
• July 25, 1986: An Aviaco flight (AO-1724) reported seeing flashes in the sky over the Cantabrian Sea, northwest of Asturias Airport. Another aircraft on the same route did not observe these flashes.
• November 27, 1999: Multiple military units reported civilian pilots sighting lights and luminosities in Spanish airspace, particularly between the Gulf of Cádiz and the Balearic Islands.

The article "Expediente Caballo de Troya: OVNIs en la Base Aérea de Morón" recounts a significant encounter at the Morón de la Frontera Air Base. Teniente Felipe Carrasco and fifteen soldiers witnessed a zepelín-like aircraft with dim lights hovering over the runway on Christmas Eve 1981. The object, estimated to be about 40 meters in diameter, moved slowly and disappeared suddenly without a trace. Carrasco describes it as unlike any known aircraft and suggests it was not of terrestrial origin.

Another case mentioned is the "Expediente Girasoles" from the early 1970s in Morón de la Frontera, where large, symmetrical circular marks appeared in a sunflower field, leading to speculation about UFO landings or military experiments. The military authorities reportedly classified the case as 'reserved matter'.

Analysis of Psychophony: "Quítame la falda"

A significant portion of the magazine is dedicated to a detailed analysis of a supposed psychophony recording titled "Quítame la falda" (Take off my skirt), presented by Germán de Argumosa. The author critically compares this recording with the jingle from the popular radio program "Directamente Encarna." The analysis, conducted by comparing musical elements, suggests that while the two motifs share some superficial similarities, they are not identical. The author argues that the similarities are due to the minimal and common nature of the musical elements used, which are frequently found in many melodies, particularly in the key of C Major.

The article questions the methodology and conclusions of Germán de Argumosa, suggesting that the perceived similarity might be a result of pareidolia (seeing patterns in random data) or confirmation bias, especially given the commonality of the musical elements. The author posits that if the psychophony is a manipulation, the source could be any of thousands of common melodies, not necessarily the "Directamente Encarna" jingle, which would be a complex and easily recognizable source to manipulate. The analysis concludes that the evidence presented is not sufficient to prove the recording is a genuine paranormal phenomenon or to definitively confirm its origin.

Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine adopts a critical and investigative stance towards paranormal claims. It emphasizes the importance of rigorous investigation, original sources, and interviews with qualified individuals. The editorial team positions itself as "critical theorists of conspiracy," aiming to separate factual information from unsubstantiated claims or "selling smoke." The publication appears to be skeptical of claims that lack solid evidence and highlights the role of misinformation and potential cover-ups in the field of ufology and paranormal research. The recurring theme is the need for critical thinking and evidence-based analysis when examining extraordinary claims, particularly those involving military secrecy and unexplained phenomena.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

This issue of CRÍTICO magazine consistently promotes a critical and skeptical approach to paranormal phenomena, particularly UFOs and psychophony. The editorial stance is one of rigorous investigation, demanding verifiable evidence, original sources, and expert testimony. The publication actively seeks to debunk sensationalist claims and expose potential misinformation or deliberate obfuscation, especially when military secrecy is involved. The authors position themselves as discerning investigators, aiming to separate verifiable facts from speculation and "selling smoke." The recurring theme is the importance of critical thinking and methodical analysis in understanding complex and often controversial subjects like UFOs and alleged paranormal audio recordings. The magazine encourages readers to question claims and to seek out credible evidence rather than accepting extraordinary assertions at face value.

This issue of "LOS CONFIDENCIALES de EOC" delves into a variety of mysterious and anomalous phenomena, blending ufology, paranormal investigations, and skeptical analysis. The magazine features articles on prominent figures in the UFO community, controversial cases, and scientific explorations of unexplained events.

El ufólogo del Gran Líder

The issue opens with a profile of Alejandro Cao de Benós, a young Western advisor to North Korea, revealing a lesser-known aspect of his life: his past involvement in ufology. The article highlights a photograph from 1990 where Cao de Benós is seen with fellow ufologists in Granada, suggesting his early interest in UFOs predates his political career.

La hija ufóloga de Kenneth Arnold

This section focuses on Kim Arnold, the daughter of Kenneth Arnold, the pioneer of modern ufology. Kim has begun participating in UFO congresses in the US, sharing previously unknown details about her father. She reveals that Kenneth Arnold witnessed UFOs on three additional occasions after his famous 1947 sighting and remained convinced of their non-human origin and their role in a cosmic 'plan' until his death.

El amante de Randi procesado

A significant portion of the magazine is dedicated to the legal troubles of James Randi, the renowned skeptic and magician. His assistant and long-term partner, Deyvi Orangel Peña Arteaga, has been arrested. The article details accusations of identity theft against Peña, which caused significant legal problems for an American citizen named José Álvarez. The situation raises questions about Randi's personal life and past associations, including Peña's role in Randi's famous 'Carlos' experiment in Australia.

Rastreadores del Misterio

This segment announces a new TV program titled "Rastreadores del Misterio" (Mystery Trackers), which is being produced with great discretion. The program, set to air on Telemadrid and potentially other regional channels, features a team of reporters investigating various anomalous phenomena and interviewing witnesses across Spain.

40 años de los suicidas de Tarrasa

The magazine commemorates the 40th anniversary of a notable event in Spanish ufology: the suicides of José Felix Rodríguez Montero and Joan Turú Valles in Tarrasa. The two contactees, passionate about UFOs, were found decapitated by a train, leaving a note that read "Extraterrestrials are calling us." The case, previously covered in EOC issue 41, is highlighted as a significant event that should not be forgotten.

Vuelve Freixedo

This section announces the return of Salvador Freixedo, an 85-year-old ex-jesuit writer, with a new book titled "Teovniologia." Freixedo, known for his critical stance on religion and his exploration of anomalous phenomena, has signed with the new editorial Ushuaia.

¡Que vivan los novios... y las novias!

A brief note congratulating colleagues Alberto Guntín and Marta Núñez on their recent marriages.

Dimisión en La Luz del Misterio

This article discusses the departure of Jesús Ortega from the radio program "La Luz del Misterio." Ortega, a young investigator, reportedly left due to the program's perceived lack of professionalism, citing excessive airtime dedicated to criticizing journalist Iker Jiménez and promoting self-help courses.

Nuevo libro de Moisés Garrido

Moisés Garrido, an investigator known for his skeptical approach, is set to release a new book in September. The book will analyze the paranormal from a strictly scientific perspective, moving away from his previous focus on sects and Marian apparitions.

La Policía de Bélmez lo confirma...

This brief report confirms the reactivation of construction for a new Cultural Center in Bélmez, Spain. A portion of the center will be dedicated to the analysis of the famous 'Faces of Bélmez' phenomenon.

Reproducen el Cronovisor...

This section mentions a suggestion by José Luis Tajada that the controversial 'machine to photograph the past,' attributed to Father Ernetti, might be under reconstruction in Seville.

La Foto:

This section reflects on the seventh anniversary of the death of Dr. Fernando Jiménez del Oso, a significant figure in the field of anomalies. The accompanying photograph is from the TV studio where his program "La Puerta del Misterio" began, emphasizing the importance of his legacy.

Cabo Valdés: Fue una broma...

This article reports on the case of ex-Cabo Valdés, which is now being described as a hoax. Valdés, who claimed to have been abducted, has reportedly confessed that he was not abducted but rather played a cruel prank on his colleagues.

Chávez acudió a un chamán

This piece suggests that Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez, suffering from cancer, sought the help of a shaman named Joao de Deus, possibly as part of a Spanish intelligence operation.

Aviones secretos

Reports indicate that NATO is considering Galicia, Spain, as a new operational base for its spy drones. The municipality of Trasmiras is reportedly being considered, which could lead to an increase in UFO sightings in the area.

CASO BÉLMEZ: LO ENCONTRAMOS...

This section thanks readers for their help in locating a record titled "Azules" by Pepe Justicia. It confirms that the cover art, believed by some to resemble the 'teleplastic' images from the Bélmez faces, was created by Jesús Miguel Rodríguez de la Torre.

Adan ya tiene nombre y cara

This article reports on the resolution of the 'Adan' case, involving the torso of a child found in the Thames in 2001. The child has been identified as Ikpomwosa, a five-year-old from Nigeria, who was a victim of a Muti ritual sacrifice.

El Cabo Valdés revela su secreto en el caso OVNIS

This is a continuation of the 'Cabo Valdés' story, with the ex-Cabo reportedly ready to reveal the full story of the OVNI case if his book is financed or rights are purchased.

18 años sin Faber Kaiser

This section marks the 18th anniversary of the death of Andreas Faber Kaiser, described as a highly influential investigator of anomalies.

La "Cabeza de Padilla" existe...

This article discusses the 'Padilla Head,' a mysterious monument photographed in Guatemala. The article questions whether the monument is real or another fraud, especially in light of a new photograph that appears contemporary to the original.

Congreso Internacional del Misterio

This is an advertisement for the 'International Congress of Mystery' to be held in Gran Canaria, featuring various speakers and topics related to paranormal phenomena and mysteries.

Experiencias Cercanas a la Muerte: Evidencias Científicas

This extensive article, an extract from Miguel Pedrero's book "El universo no es plano," explores Near-Death Experiences (NDEs) from a scientific perspective. It discusses theories, research by figures like Raymond Moody and Jeffrey Long, and presents evidence suggesting that consciousness may be separate from the physical body and immortal.

UN NUEVO ESTUDIO CIENTIFICO EXPLICA PORQUE ALGUNOS CURANDEROS VEN EL "AURA"

This report details a study by Spanish researchers from the University of Granada, which explains the phenomenon of seeing auras as a form of synesthesia, a neurological condition where senses are blended.

I Congreso Solidario de los OVNIS: Jornadas escépticas sobre ufología

This section covers a UFO conference held in Guadalajara, Spain, which focused on skeptical approaches to ufology. The event also served as a book drive to provide school libraries in Guatemala with donated volumes.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine consistently promotes a skeptical yet open-minded approach to anomalous phenomena. It encourages critical thinking and scientific investigation while acknowledging the existence of mysteries that currently defy explanation. The editorial stance appears to favor rigorous research and the debunking of hoaxes, as seen in the coverage of the Cabo Valdés case and the scientific explanation of auras. There is a clear emphasis on distinguishing between genuine phenomena and pseudoscience, though the magazine also provides a platform for exploring controversial theories and cases.

This issue of "Historia" (Issue 61) features a lead article titled "La fatídica expedición de John Franklin y la leyenda de ‘Qaumaneq’" (The Fatal Expedition of John Franklin and the Legend of 'Qaumaneq'). The magazine also includes a section discussing a debate on paranormal claims and skepticism, featuring a prize offer from "El Ojo Crítico" (EOC).

The Fatal Expedition of John Franklin and the Legend of 'Qaumaneq'

The article begins by exploring the concept of 'Qaumaneq' in Inuit culture, which refers to the spiritual light or the ability of a shaman ('Angakua') to connect with the spirit world. Shamans undergo rigorous preparation and are responsible for protecting their community from spiritual dangers, including evil spirits. Legends speak of malevolent spirits like the Tunnit or Toonijuk, described as large, hairy creatures with fangs, who were apparently outmatched by Inuit huskies. These descriptions bear resemblance to cryptid figures like the Yeti or Big Foot, attracting interest from researchers.

Another aspect of Inuit folklore discussed is the Tupilaq, which are carved figures brought to life by 'trickster' shamans to attack enemies. These figures, often made from bone and skin, are said to be visible only to shamans. While Inuit traditionally kept Tupilaq carvings secret, European explorers' interest and money led to their creation as art pieces.

The narrative then shifts to the historical context of Arctic exploration, specifically the 19th-century quest for the Northwest Passage. Sir John Franklin, a Royal Navy captain known for a previous arduous expedition where he reportedly ate his boots, was commissioned to find this passage. His expedition, comprising 128 men and two ships, the Erebus and the Terror, set sail in May 1845.

Historically, British interest in the Arctic dates back to the 16th century, with Queen Elizabeth I, influenced by John Dee, sponsoring expeditions by Martin Frobisher and Henry Hudson, which ultimately failed.

Franklin's expedition lost contact with the Admiralty, prompting a series of rescue missions. Inuit accounts of the disappearance were chilling, including tales of a battle between white men and monstrous beings, and the discovery of a ship with signs of a struggle and a dead giant-like creature, possibly a Tunnit.

Subsequent search expeditions, including ten British and two American ships, found the first evidence of Franklin's fate on Beechey Island in 1850: three graves from 1846. In 1854, explorer John Rae learned from an Inuit about a group of thirty-five to forty starving white men near the Back River. He also identified objects belonging to Franklin's men. Jane Franklin, Sir John's wife, funded Francis Leopold McClintock's expedition, which in 1859 discovered a document on King William Island. This document, dated May 1847 and April 1848, detailed the expedition's entrapment in ice since September 1846, the deaths of 9 officers and 15 men, and the survivors' decision to abandon the ships on April 22, 1848, to head south.

McClintock also found numerous bodies and abandoned equipment. Later accounts, possibly from 1849, described mutilated corpses, leading to speculation of cannibalism. Autopsies in the 1980s confirmed signs of cannibalism, suggesting the survivors resorted to eating each other due to starvation after their provisions ran out. The article notes that Franklin and his men, representing the British Empire, were perhaps too proud to heed Inuit advice on hunting and climate, contributing to their downfall.

One testimony from Inuit suggests the white men had swollen bellies and blackened lips and tongues, resembling zombies after consuming their own kind. However, another theory, proposed by Jeffrey Blair Latta, suggests these symptoms could indicate radiation exposure. The article dismisses supernatural explanations, attributing the tragedy to lead poisoning from canned food, supported by high lead levels found in the skeletons, and the expedition's poor preparation.

El Ojo Crítico Prize and Skepticism

A separate section addresses a recurring email about a prize offered to anyone who can demonstrate mental powers under controlled conditions. "El Ojo Crítico" (EOC) criticizes this as a fallacious argument, similar to prizes offered by Holocaust deniers or AIDS deniers. EOC points out that such offers are often made with the assumption that paranormal abilities do not exist, thus the prize will never be claimed. They also argue that such experiments should not be psychologically taxing or conducted in hostile environments.

EOC proposes its own challenge: it will match the 1000 euro prize offered by Luis Alfonso Gómez for anyone who can demonstrate mental control. As a test of mental control, EOC proposes a simple, yet controlled, experiment: maintaining an erection for one minute. This experiment would be conducted in a laboratory under strict scientific conditions, with observers ensuring no fraud or manipulation. EOC commits to maintaining control measures and involving scientists to certify the objectivity of the test, promising to award the prize and publicize the results.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine explores themes of historical mystery, exploration, folklore, and the paranormal. The article on John Franklin's expedition highlights the clash between scientific exploration and indigenous knowledge, as well as the harsh realities of survival in the Arctic. The debate on paranormal claims versus skepticism reflects a critical stance, with "El Ojo Crítico" advocating for rigorous scientific methodology and challenging pseudoscientific claims. The magazine appears to lean towards a rational and evidence-based approach while acknowledging the allure of mystery and legend.