El Ojo Critico - No 68 - Sep 2011

Magazine Overview

Title: EL OJO CRITICO
Issue: N° 68
Date: September 2011
Publisher: GRUPO FÉNIX
Country: ESPAÑA
Language: Spanish

This issue of "El Ojo Crítico" (The Critical Eye), a magazine for investigators, delves into a variety of unexplained phenomena and controversial topics. The cover prominently features new documents related to the mysterious "Faces of Bélmez," alongside an investigation into the life and alleged miracles of Sathya Sai Baba and the case of Petit-Rechain.

Key Articles and Investigations

"Las caras de Bélmez"

The magazine presents new documents concerning the enigmatic "Faces of Bélmez," a phenomenon that has captivated researchers and the public for decades. While details are not fully elaborated on the cover, this suggests a significant update or new evidence regarding these unexplained occurrences.

INFORME: El fin de las Piedras de Ica

This report focuses on the "Stones of Ica," a collection of artifacts found in Peru that purportedly depict ancient humans coexisting with dinosaurs. The investigation likely examines the authenticity and implications of these stones, potentially debunking or supporting claims of ancient advanced civilizations.

Caso Petit-Rechain: el Valderas belga

This section investigates the Petit-Rechain case, also referred to as the "Belgian Valderas." This likely pertains to a specific UFO sighting or encounter that occurred in Belgium, with "Valderas" possibly being a code name or a key element of the case.

¿El fin de la H.P.S.?

This article critically examines the "Psycho-Social Hypothesis" (HPS) in ufology. The HPS posits that UFO sightings are largely a product of cultural influences, such as science fiction movies and media, rather than evidence of extraterrestrial visitation. The author discusses how this hypothesis, popular among some researchers and skeptics, contrasts with the idea of genuine UFO phenomena. The article notes the paradox that despite a surge in sci-fi media, UFO sightings have reportedly decreased, questioning the validity of the HPS.

La OUIJA "resuelve" un crimen "ritual"

This is a detailed account of a murder case in A Estrada, Spain, where a woman was found dead under mysterious circumstances, with elements suggesting a ritualistic killing. The article highlights how a Ouija session, conducted by an esoteric expert, provided crucial information that helped identify the victim and her killers, and ultimately suggested the crime was not ritualistic but rather a cover-up for other criminal activities. The session provided details like the victim's name (Rosa/Rosalía), her connection to Portugal, and information about a phone call that may have led to her death.

El encuentro OVNI del Comandante Arnau

This article recounts a significant UFO encounter experienced by Commander Francisco Andréu and his crew on a Spantax flight in 1968, between Gran Canaria and Villacisneros (Spanish Sahara). The encounter involved a bright, unidentified light that accompanied the aircraft, performing extraordinary maneuvers. The incident was investigated by the Spanish Air Force and was among the first UFO cases to be declassified in 1992. Andréu maintains that the phenomenon displayed intelligence and could not be explained by conventional means, such as astronomical confusion.

Los 13 expedientes no desclasificados

This section presents a chronological list of 13 UFO case files from the Spanish Air Force that have not been declassified. Each entry includes details such as date, time, location, type of sighting, responsible parties, and a brief description or valuation. This list offers a glimpse into the vast amount of information potentially still held secret by military authorities.

INVESTIGACION: El caso Sai Baba

This investigative report examines the life and claims of Sathya Sai Baba, an Indian spiritual leader revered by millions as an avatar of God. The article explores his alleged miracles, comparing them to those of historical religious figures like Buddha and Jesus. It delves into his origins, birth narratives, and the testimonies of his followers, while also acknowledging less devotional accounts that question certain aspects of his life story. The report notes his passing on April 24, 2011.

Other Articles:

• Psiquiatría y Chamanismo: Explores the intersection of psychiatry and shamanic practices.
• Misterios y falsos misterios de Google: Investigates mysteries and alleged hoaxes related to Google.
• Investigación en Caravaca de la Cruz: A report on an investigation conducted in Caravaca de la Cruz.
• Nuevos datos sobre las Caras de Bélmez: Further details and updates on the "Faces of Bélmez" phenomenon.
• Las Jornadas Homenaje del Misterio: Coverage of an event dedicated to mystery and the unexplained.
• Los CONFIDENCIALES de EOC: Confidential information from "El Ojo Crítico."
• Tablón de anuncios: A classified ads section.
• Sufí: La senda mística del Islam: Explores the mystical path of Sufism within Islam.
• La leyenda más oscura del Temple: Investigates the darker legends surrounding the Knights Templar.
• Ultima Hora: Late-breaking news.

Book Promotion: UFOLEAKS

The magazine promotes the book "UFOLEAKS: Los documentos secretos sobre OVNIs del Gobierno español" (UFOleaks: The Spanish Government's Secret UFO Documents). This book, published by El Ojo Crítico, compiles nearly 200 declassified or leaked official documents related to UFO investigations in Spain, including reports from the Spanish Air Force, Ministry of Defense, Guardia Civil, and CNI. It is presented as a crucial resource for understanding the history of UFO investigations in Spain and the government's handling of such information. The book is available for purchase online.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

"El Ojo Crítico" consistently focuses on investigative journalism concerning UFOs, paranormal phenomena, historical mysteries, and esoteric subjects. The magazine appears to adopt a critical yet open-minded stance, presenting evidence, investigations, and diverse hypotheses while encouraging readers to form their own conclusions. There's a clear emphasis on declassified documents and uncovering hidden information, as evidenced by the "UFOleaks" promotion and the detailed lists of unreleased UFO files. The editorial stance seems to favor a rigorous approach to investigating the unexplained, often challenging conventional explanations and government secrecy.

This issue of "OJO CRITICO" (Critical Eye) focuses on the controversial Indian spiritual leader Sathya Sai Baba, examining the claims of his miracles and the accusations of fraud and abuse leveled against him. The magazine presents a critical perspective, contrasting devotional accounts with investigative journalism and scientific analysis.

The Challenge of Objective Testimony

The article begins by highlighting the difficulty of finding objective testimonies about Sai Baba's life, noting that most of the thousands of books written about him are by devoted followers who blend facts with myth. It introduces Dr. Erlendur Haraldsson, a parapsychologist and professor, as an exception for his objective, field-based investigation into Sai Baba's psychic phenomena, detailed in his book "Modern Miracles: Scientific Report on the Psychic Phenomena of Sathya Sai Baba."

The Revelation and the Avatar

The text recounts the story of Sai Baba's 'revelation' on March 8, 1940, when, after being stung by a scorpion, the young Sathya Naraiana Raju began behaving strangely and declared his divine consciousness. He claimed to be the reincarnation of Shirdi Sai Baba, the Hindu saint who died in 1918. In October 1940, he left his studies and proclaimed himself the 'avatar' for this era, beginning to perform apparent miracles.

The Ashram and Global Fame

In 1948, the ashram of Prashanthi Nilaiam was founded, becoming Sai Baba's spiritual center and a pilgrimage site for millions. His fame grew significantly after 1958 with the publication of the official magazine "Sanathana Sarathi." The counter-culture movement of the late 1960s and 1970s saw many Westerners seeking spiritual answers in India, leading thousands to embrace Sai Baba's teachings and visit Prashanthi Nilaiam, which became known as a spiritual mecca.

Celebrity Devotees and Materializations

The article lists numerous famous individuals who became devotees, including astronauts, royalty, politicians, actors, and musicians. It notes that Isaac Tigrett, founder of Hard Rock Café, became a devoted follower, leading to the display of Sai Baba's photo in Hard Rock Café locations worldwide. Critics argued that these famous followers were a target for Sai Baba, but the magazine acknowledges that many spiritual leaders attract famous individuals.

Sai Baba's miracles were described as spectacular and accessible, including clairvoyance, telepathy, levitation, and bilocation. The most common miracle was the materialization of objects, such as statues, jewelry, food, and 'vibhuti' (a grey ash). This ash was often found covering photos of Sai Baba in devotee temples.

The Message of Love and Service

The magazine notes that Sai Baba's message of love, service, respect, and compassion was similar to that of other spiritual figures like Buddha and Jesus, and also echoed by humanitarian organizations. However, Sai Baba's message was amplified by his alleged miracles.

Investigations and Skepticism

Despite the widespread devotion, the article highlights skepticism, particularly regarding the 'vibhuti.' Samples were sent for chemical analysis, which suggested the ash was talc, raising questions about fraud. The analysis report indicated that the physical and chemical characteristics of the 'vibhuti' were more consistent with talc than with ashes from an ossuary. The report suggested that additives could explain its color and characteristics, implying a potential fraud.

The 'Charitable Giver' and Social Work

Sai Baba engaged in charitable activities, such as building water wells and investing donations in hospitals, universities, and schools. Prashanthi Nilaiam grew into a small city with its own airport. The article contrasts this with the work of Vicente Ferrer, a missionary who dedicated himself to helping the poor in India, living among them without the ostentation associated with Sai Baba's ashram.

Accusations of Abuse and Cover-ups

The magazine details numerous accusations of sexual abuse against Sai Baba, particularly involving young male devotees. It mentions the case of Jens Sethi, a Munich printer, who claimed Sai Baba touched him inappropriately during private meetings. The article also references the "Murders in Sai Baba's Bedroom" book by B. Premanand, which investigated alleged murders and sexual abuse within the ashram.

Tal Brooks, a former devotee and now an evangelical leader, published "Sai Baba, avatar of the night," detailing sexual abuse he allegedly suffered. Conny Larsson, a Swedish actor, also publicly confessed to being violated by Sai Baba. Alaya Rahm filed a legal complaint against Sai Baba's organization in California, though it was not admitted to trial. Rahm's father, a devotee, confessed to having experienced similar 'spiritual massages' from Sai Baba himself.

Mysterious Deaths and Alleged Resurrections

The issue discusses several mysterious deaths linked to Sai Baba's ashram. The case of Lokayya Pujari, a student found burned to death, is presented as suspicious, with allegations that local police, who were devotees, attempted to cover it up. Pujari was reportedly a witness to homosexual conduct by Sai Baba and his followers.

Another significant incident involved the deaths of four young ex-devotees in 1993, who allegedly attempted to assassinate Sai Baba. The police report claimed they were killed in a shootout, but the circumstances remain mysterious, with allegations of a cover-up and that Sai Baba himself did not provide a statement.

The article also touches upon alleged resurrections, including the case of Walter Cowan and V. Radhakrishna. The 'Casa de los Milagros' (House of Miracles) in Nepal is presented as a site where Sai Baba allegedly resurrected Bharosa Adhikari.

Psychological Analysis of Devotion

The magazine explores the psychological aspect of devotion, suggesting that some devotees, particularly Westerners whose children were allegedly abused, rationalized the guru's actions by claiming that human minds cannot comprehend God's logic. They preferred to focus on Sai Baba's perceived divinity and miracles rather than confront the evidence of abuse.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue are the duality of Sai Baba as a spiritual leader and a figure accused of fraud and abuse, the power of faith and devotion versus critical inquiry, and the alleged manipulation of followers through miracles and charismatic influence. The editorial stance is clearly critical, aiming to expose what it portrays as a fraudulent cult built on deception and exploitation, while acknowledging the profound impact Sai Baba had on millions of devotees worldwide.

This issue of EL CRITICO, dated 2011 and identified as Volume 10, Issue 27, is primarily in Spanish and focuses on a variety of anomalous phenomena, including alleged miracles, UFO sightings, and digital mysteries captured by Google Earth and Street View. It also touches upon cultural and historical topics such as mental health in South Korea and the controversial Ica stones.

Miracles and Resurrections: The Sai Baba Cases

The issue begins by recounting the case of Walter Cowan, who was reportedly resurrected by Sai Baba. The narrative describes how Cowan was found by his wife Elsie and Mrs. Ratanlal, and how Sai Baba allegedly restored his life. However, the magazine presents a more skeptical view, citing Haraldsson's book which includes testimonies from doctors and hospital staff who deny Cowan ever died or was admitted with no vital signs. Their conclusion suggests Cowan experienced catalepsy, not actual death, and that the term 'resurrection' is inappropriate. Cowan reportedly died two years later.

The case of V. Radhakrishna, who 'died' during a stay at the Puttaparthi ashram, is also detailed. According to Howard Murphet's account, Radhakrishna entered a coma, and despite medical opinions that he was near death, his family was told by Sai Baba not to worry. After three days, during which the body showed signs of decomposition, Sai Baba appeared and revived Radhakrishna. The article notes that no doctor examined Radhakrishna, and the account relies on testimonies, with the widow and daughter interviewed years later.

Google Earth and Street View: Digital Mysteries Debunked

A significant portion of the magazine is dedicated to "mysteries" captured by Google Earth and Street View. The main article, "Paraedolias, bromas, errores informáticos... ¿y algo más? LOS 'MISTERIOS' GOOGLE EARTH Y STREET VIEW," investigates several such instances.

• The "Crime Scene" in Worcester: An image captured by Street View showed a girl lying on the ground, which was initially reported as a crime. However, it was revealed to be Azura Beebeejaun, a 10-year-old girl, playing a prank on a friend. The photo continues to circulate as a mystery.
• The Man with a Horse Head: A photo from Aberdeen, Scotland, showed a man with a horse head. This was identified as a prankster named Dobbin Horsome, who documented his antics online. Despite being resolved, the image persists as a mystery.
• "Monster of Smoke" in Italy: A strange cloud formation captured by Street View was speculated to be smoke from a fire or a smoke monster.
• Oceanic 815 (Lost): An image of a submerged airplane near Long Beach, USA, was linked to the TV show "Lost," suggesting the passengers might have survived.
• "The Devil and his Son" in Switzerland: A blurry figure in robes was captured near Lake Quarten, identified by some as the Antichrist and his son.
• Jesus in the Field: Images of what appeared to be Jesus' face were found in a field in Hungary and on a sand dune in Peru, which Google Earth later restored.
• Giant Tongs: Floating giant tongs were captured over West Bromwich, UK, by Street View. Google later removed the image, attributing it to a technical error.
• Siamese Twins: An image showed a man with three arms, three legs, and two heads, which was speculated to be a double exposure or a camera defect.
• Kraken: A creature resembling a kraken was reportedly captured by Google Earth off the coast of Delray Beach, Florida.
• Naked Man in a Trunk: A photo showed a naked man inside a car trunk in Germany, with a dog that appeared dead. Google was reviewing the image.
• Atlantis Found?: A grid-like pattern of lines was found 620 miles off the coast of Northwest Africa, in a location believed to be Atlantis. Google explained it as tracks from a boat collecting bathymetric data.
• Missile in Utah: An object resembling a missile was captured by Google Earth over Utah, though some believed it was a jet with colored wings.
• Airplane in Brooklyn: An image showed an airplane among trees in Brooklyn.
• "Parked" Airplane: An airplane was seen "parked" at a shopping center, and unusual formations in desert dunes and a car on a building wall were also noted.
• Burmese Nuclear Complex: Espionage amateurs could gather information about a suspected clandestine nuclear program in Myanmar.
• OVNI over Sydney: A UFO-shaped object was captured by Street View near the Sydney Harbour Bridge, though it was suggested to be a sun reflection.

Psychiatry and Shamanism in South Korea

An article by Mark McDonald discusses the mental health landscape in South Korea. Despite being a highly developed nation, South Korea faces significant challenges, including high suicide rates, stress from academic and work pressures, and a lingering patriarchal culture. The article highlights the resistance to Western psychotherapy, with many Koreans preferring traditional methods or avoiding therapy due to the stigma associated with it. The rise of depression is noted, with experts linking it to the societal shift towards materialism and the erosion of traditional Buddhist and Confucian values. Shamanism is also experiencing a resurgence as a coping mechanism.

The "Petit-Rechain" UFO Photo: A Case Study in Hoaxes

A lengthy investigation focuses on the famous "Petit-Rechain" UFO photograph from Belgium. The article details how the photo, taken in 1990, was initially analyzed by various experts and organizations like SOBEPS, who concluded it was authentic. However, 21 years later, a man named Patrick confessed to being the author of the hoax, explaining how he created a model with polyethylene, lanterns, and a battery. The magazine details how Patrick's confession was met with skepticism by some, and how the "pseudo-skeptics" quickly accepted his claim without demanding proof. The article also recounts an experiment where the author attempted to replicate the photo using Patrick's description, suggesting the original photo was indeed a fabrication. The incident is presented as a blow to the credibility of ufology and a call for self-criticism within the field.

The Ica Stones: A Controversial Legacy

The final major section, "Crónica de una investigación imparcial: EL FINAL DE LAS PIEDRAS DE ICA (1)," delves into the controversial "Ica stones." The article introduces Dr. Javier Cabrera Darquea, who amassed a collection of thousands of engraved stones allegedly from a prehistoric civilization that coexisted with dinosaurs. These stones purportedly depict advanced knowledge in zoology, biology, astronomy, and medicine, as well as catastrophic events and remote worlds. The stones, known as "gliptolitos," are described as a stone library left by an archaic, technologically advanced race that abandoned Earth due to a planetary cataclysm. The article notes that while Dr. Cabrera believed these stones revolutionized history, many doubted their authenticity. It also references historical accounts from researchers like Robert Charroux and archaeologists like Alejandro Pezzia Assereto, who questioned the late discovery and the lack of similar findings in scientific explorations. The article highlights that the stones were first commercialized by huaqueros (tomb robbers) from the Ocucaje area, and that Federico Kauffmann published an article in 1987 calling them a "falsification."

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue are skepticism towards extraordinary claims, the investigation of alleged paranormal phenomena, and the critical examination of evidence. The magazine appears to adopt a stance that favors rational explanations and scientific scrutiny, often debunking seemingly mysterious events as hoaxes, misinterpretations, or natural phenomena. There is a clear emphasis on questioning authority and established narratives, whether in the realm of alleged miracles, UFO sightings, or historical artifacts. The editorial stance encourages critical thinking and a cautious approach to claims that challenge conventional understanding.

This issue of "El Ojo Crítico" (The Critical Eye), issue number 31, delves deeply into the controversial "Ica stones" of Peru. The magazine explores the history of their discovery, the prominent collectors, and the ongoing debate surrounding their authenticity, presenting arguments for both their ancient origins and their status as modern forgeries.

The Discovery and Early Collectors

The article begins by detailing the initial discovery of the Ica stones, noting that they were largely ignored by scientific exploration until around 1961. Architect Santiago Agurto is mentioned for his collection and his support of the theory that the stones were worked with available tools by ancient inhabitants. The stones are described as andesite, carbonized, with varying hardness. Early designs are noted to be similar to known ancient Peruvian art styles, such as those of Paracas, Nazca, and Tiahuanaco.

The Soldi brothers, Carlos and Pablo, are identified as the first major collectors. Their involvement began around 1955, but their collection became documented in 1961, linked to a flood of the Ica River that supposedly revealed many engraved stones. A 1975 newspaper article, "El enigma de las piedras" (The enigma of the stones), suggested that the massive discovery occurred about 15 years prior due to river changes, leading to a surge in trade and subsequent forgery.

Expert Opinions and Growing Doubts

Archaeologist Herman Busse de la Guerra, in his 1966 book "Introducción al Perú," noted the Soldi brothers' collection and the artistic style of the stones, which he found difficult to stylistically determine. He classified the designs found on the stones, including anthropomorphic figures, fishing scenes, marine animals, birds, and reptiles.

Dr. Javier Cabrera Darquea, a surgeon and descendant of Ica's founders, began collecting stones in 1966. He established a private museum and championed the theory that the stones revealed a "gliptolithic humanity" that inhabited Earth millions of years ago, coexisting with dinosaurs. His primary supplier was Basilio Uchuya, a local farmer. By 1968, Dr. Cabrera reportedly had over 1500 stones, with his collection growing significantly.

However, doubts about the stones' authenticity emerged early on. Archaeologists generally dismissed them as modern fabrications by local artisans. The idea of humans coexisting with dinosaurs and advanced medical practices depicted on the stones was deemed inconceivable by experts. The lack of documented archaeological findings of such stones, except for a few modest examples found in tombs, further fueled skepticism.

Architect Santiago Agurto Calvo found a carved stone in a Paracas tomb in 1966, representing a stylized flower, dated to approximately 2,300 years ago. Alejandro Pezzia also discovered stones in Ica tombs, one depicting a fish and another a llama, dated between 900-1200 AD and 1200-1400 AD, respectively. These findings, while associated with ancient cultures, differed in style and content from the later stones collected by Dr. Cabrera.

The Role of Artisans and Forgery

Basilio Uchuya eventually admitted to authorities and the press in 1975 that he was responsible for creating the stones. While some defended him, claiming he did so to avoid jail for antiquity trafficking, his confession, along with that of Irma Gutiérrez de Aparcana, another supplier, revealed the process. They described how Dr. Cabrera provided drawings and photographs for them to engrave onto the stones. Vicente París's investigation provided significant clarity, demonstrating that the stones were easily produced, sometimes in mere minutes, using simple tools. París documented the entire process, including artificial aging techniques.

París's analysis revealed the presence of sandpaper granules in the cracks of some stones, a clear indication of forgery. He also noted that many of the designs were directly copied from local ceramics and other pre-Columbian art, such as Nazca and Mochica pottery. The "flying machines" and dinosaur depictions were found to be plagiarized from various sources, including comic strips and calendars.

Statistical Analysis and Conclusion

The magazine presents a statistical analysis to counter the claim that the sheer number of stones (estimated at over 50,000) made them impossible to forge. The calculations suggest that even a small number of artisans could produce such quantities over several decades. The article concludes that the "gliptolithic humanity" and their supposed scientific knowledge are products of Dr. Cabrera's imagination and the skillful hands of local artisans, who used existing cultural motifs and modern techniques to create the stones.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue revolve around the Ica stones, their alleged ancient origins versus their probable status as modern forgeries, the role of collectors and suppliers, and the critical examination of evidence. The editorial stance is clearly skeptical of the stones' authenticity, presenting a strong case for them being elaborate fakes based on expert testimony, investigative work, and statistical analysis. The magazine emphasizes the importance of critical thinking and rigorous scientific investigation in debunking sensational claims.

Title: Parapsicología
Issue: 66
Publisher: EOC
Date: Not specified, but articles reference events in 2011 and historical periods.

This issue of Parapsicología delves into various paranormal phenomena, historical mysteries, and investigative journalism, with a strong focus on Spanish cases.

The Legend of the Templar Specter

The magazine begins with an article detailing the legend of a supposed Templar knight's ghost haunting the Castillo-Santuario de Caravaca de la Cruz in Murcia. Testimonies from tour guides describe seeing a spectral figure, sometimes appearing as a profile, dressed in ancient attire, or as a fleeting shadow. The article also mentions strange sounds and an energetic jolt experienced by a group in the Conjuratorio area on San Juan's night in 1999, leading to speculation about the location being a place of power. Historical context is provided, noting the castle's origins predating Roman times and its later association with the Order of the Temple.

New Documents on "The Faces of Bélmez"

This section revisits the infamous "Faces of Bélmez" case, presenting new findings from an EOC investigation. The team accessed municipal archives in Bélmez, uncovering documents from 1971-1973. A key document is a letter from the mayor of Bélmez to the Civil Governor of Jaén dated January 4, 1972, detailing the destruction of a newly appeared face. The letter also mentions the discovery of human remains described as "infinitesimal dimensions." The article scrutinizes claims made by José Luis Jordán Peña regarding a supposed governmental commission in 1972 that uncovered a fraud. Evidence suggests Jordán Peña may have misrepresented facts, including the alleged involvement of Minister Camilo Alonso Vega, who had died months before the purported commission.

The investigation also touches upon the commercialization of the Bélmez phenomenon, noting the sale of "new faces" t-shirts and the presence of a donation tray in the "old house." The article highlights the role of the Grupo de Investigaciones Parapsicológicas de Bélmez (GIPB) in promoting the "new faces" and their controversial methods.

Events and Conferences

I Jornadas Homenaje del Misterio in Valladolid

The magazine reports on the "I Jornadas Homenaje del Misterio" held in Valladolid, honoring ufologist Father Antonio Felices. The event featured various speakers discussing topics such as UFOs, parapsychology, psychophony, and the myth of vampires. Notable speakers included David Benito on Area 51, Juan Miguel Marsella on ghosts, José Ignacio Carmona on psychophony, Javier Arries on vampires, and Santiago Camacho on apocalyptic prophecies. A round table discussion covered various paranormal cases.

Other Events and Research

Diego Cortijo presented his expedition to Pantiacolla in the Amazon, showcasing ruins and ancient sites. Jesús Callejo discussed magical places in Castilla y León. The article also mentions the passing of several prominent figures in the paranormal and ufology community, including Hilary Evans, Jorge Anfruns, Budd Hopkins, and Sinesio Darnell.

Other Investigations and Articles

The Templar Specter of Caravaca

This article revisits the legend of the Templar ghost in Caravaca, detailing witness accounts of a spectral figure and unexplained phenomena. It suggests the area might be a place of power.

The Faces of Bélmez: New Evidence

Further details emerge regarding the "Faces of Bélmez" case, including the alleged involvement of the Guardia Civil and the discovery of new documents. The article questions the narrative presented by José Luis Jordán Peña and highlights the commercial aspect of the phenomenon.

UFO Incident in Galicia

A report describes a UFO sighting in Galicia involving a luminous orange sphere that appeared, changed size, and then joined with another sphere to form a larger object before disappearing.

The Amazigh Symbol and UMMO

An article explores a potential connection between the Amazigh (Berber) symbol for "free man" and the UMMO symbol created by José Luis Jordán Peña, suggesting a possible inspiration from Berber history.

Book Reviews and Library

Several books are reviewed, including "Guía sobrenatural de España" by Carlos Pascual, "Guía de la España mágica" by Juan García Atienza, and "La España extraña" by Javier Sierra and Jesús Callejo. Carlos G. Fernández's upcoming book, "50 lugares mágicos de Galicia," is also mentioned.

Manuel Toharia and the CESID

An investigative piece questions the reasons behind Manuel Toharia's visits to the CESID (now CNI) in a car with a false license plate, driven by a retired colonel.

The "Arpía"s Latest Folly

This section criticizes a magazine article that attempts to explain UFO cases with mundane explanations, such as a fairground balloon.

Carmen Porter Pregnant

A brief mention of Carmen Porter's pregnancy is included.

The Death of Budd Hopkins

The passing of Budd Hopkins, a pioneer in abduction research, is noted, along with his contributions to ufology and the Intruders Foundation.

Sufism: The Mystical Path of Islam

This article offers a critical reflection on the "mythification" of Sufism, presenting it as the mystical dimension of Islam. It clarifies what Sufism is not (occultism, Masonry, therapy, a secret sect) and emphasizes that it is inseparable from Islam, requiring adherence to Sharia and the Quran. The article explains Sufism as a path towards the Absolute Reality, driven by love and characterized by remembrance of God and a balanced life, expressing itself through Wahdat al-shuhud and Wahdat al-wujud.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine consistently explores themes of mystery, the paranormal, UFOs, and unexplained phenomena, often with a critical eye towards sensationalism and potential fraud. The editorial stance appears to favor in-depth investigation and the presentation of evidence, while also acknowledging the complexities and controversies surrounding these topics. There is a clear interest in debunking myths and clarifying misconceptions, as seen in the articles on the "Faces of Bélmez" and Sufism. The magazine also serves as a platform for researchers and journalists in the field, highlighting their work and recent findings.

This issue of "EL OJO CRITICO" (Issue 56) delves into various topics ranging from Islamic mysticism to historical controversies and debunked paranormal claims. The cover prominently features an analysis of the Baphomet myth associated with the Knights Templar, alongside other articles on Sufism, a schism within a religious sect, and viral hoaxes.

Sufism: The Inner Path of Islam

The magazine explores Sufism as the mystical and inner dimension of Islam. It describes Sufism as a path of knowledge and inner transformation, aiming for harmony with the divine reality (haqq). Access to these states is achieved through repetitive prayer (dhikr), which involves reciting God's names and Quranic verses, and meditation (fikr), which focuses on contemplating the Creator's mark on the world. The practice of dhikr can include chants, dances, and breathing techniques to induce altered states of consciousness. The presence of a spiritual guide, a sháij, is considered essential for disciples (murid) on this path, emphasizing the importance of love as the ultimate means to encompass the Divine. The article notes the diversity of Sufi schools (tariqa) and the permeability between them, with no rivalry existing.

Historically, Sufism was not fully articulated in the first two centuries after Islam's founding, but signs of asceticism and fervent prayer were present. The political turmoil of the time led to movements that reinforced the spiritual values of revelation. Early Sufi masters, such as Hassan of Basora, are mentioned, with Basora in Iraq considered the cradle of Sufism. Rabia Basri (713-801) introduced the concept of cosmic Love and Sincerity as primary spiritual drivers, moving away from pure asceticism. Harith al-Muhasibi (781-857) emphasized self-observation and examination of one's actions and thoughts.

Many Sufi masters were scholars, contributing to the differentiation of Islamic sciences. The article highlights Al-Hallaj (850-922), a Persian Sufi mystic and martyr, whose influence extended beyond religion into Western thought. His public teachings, considered blasphemous for stating 'Ana al-Haqq' ('I am the Truth/God'), led to his execution by dismemberment in Baghdad, making Sufism appear dangerous and subversive, leading to its subsequent concealment.

The text discusses how Sufism clashed with prevailing orthodoxy, with some masters being labeled heretics. Algazel (1058-111) helped bridge the gap between Sufism and Islamic jurisprudence with his work 'Revivification of the Islamic Sciences'. The article also mentions Ibn Arabí (1165-1240), a significant Sufi philosopher and mystic from Al-Andalus, known for his concept of 'wahdat al-wujud' (Unity of Being). He interpreted Sharia with a Gnostic approach, emphasizing God's absolute uniqueness and the radical separation between Creator and creation, yet also seeing the world as an expression of God's Names and Attributes.

Sufism spread widely, influencing regions like Africa, India, and Central Asia. Despite conservative opposition, its importance grew, playing a role in political and social changes. Sufism is seen as a bridge between different Islamic sects (Sunni and Shia) and is described as the universal future of Islam.

The Baphomet Myth: A Critical Analysis

The article "BAPHOMET": ANALISIS CRITICO DE UN MITO TEMPLARIO" investigates the legend of Baphomet, often associated with the Knights Templar. It notes that the term has become popular through literature and media, but historical evidence of Templar worship of such an idol is scarce.

The Word 'Baphomet'

During the trials of the Templars (1308-1314), explicit mentions of Baphomet were anecdotal. Interrogated Templars used various terms like 'Magometum', 'Maguineth', 'Mandaguorra', and 'Baffometi', with one even alluding to 'Yalla' (Allah). Historians suggest 'Baphomet' is a Latinized corruption of Muhammad, used by inquisitors to accuse the Templars of apostasy and secret worship of the Islamic prophet. The term was commonly used in the era to refer to Islam or its founder, Mahoma. Early mentions in the 12th century, such as a letter from crusader Anselm of Ribemont in 1098, show 'Baphometh' being invoked in battle. Troubadour songs from the 12th and 13th centuries also used variations like 'Bafometz', 'Baufumez', 'Bausumés', 'Baufremé', and 'Balfumés', often referring to Muslim figures or places. The word 'Bafumarias' was also used to describe mosques. The term likely carried negative connotations, associating Muslims with 'maufé' (demon).

The Object: The Idol

The physical nature of the alleged Baphomet idol is unclear and contradictory. A 1308 dossier against the Templars listed charges including the worship of heads, some with multiple faces or human skulls. These idols were reportedly venerated during assemblies, seen as saviors, and credited with prosperity and fertility. A second, shorter list mentioned an embalmed head with hollow, garnet eyes. Testimonies from Templars varied widely: some described a demonic face, others a bearded head made of silvered and gilded wood, or a head covered in dalmatica and yellow copper. Some mentioned a statue on an altar, a fresco, or a wooden board. Others saw three heads or faces. Some accounts mentioned a bronze pig or calf, while Bernard de Sergues described a head guarded in Montpellier, clearly demonic and sometimes appearing as a talking cat. Hugues de Pérraud mentioned a four-footed creature. Étienne de Troyes described a human face, pale and discolored, with a beard of dark hairs and gray, possibly a skull-relic of the first Grand Master, Hugo de Payens. The lack of a consistent description and the absence of the idol during investigations suggest the accusations were forced and used for propaganda.

Historian Salomón Reinach suggested possible influences from Eastern legends, while acknowledging the Templars' known veneration of relics, including a skull said to belong to one of the 'hundred thousand martyred virgins'. The article concludes that Baphomet was primarily an ideological weapon used to demonize the Templars and link them to Islam, rather than a verifiable object of worship. The physical details of the idol were secondary to the rumor and the mission of stigmatizing the order.

New Pope in Palmar de Troya

The article reports the death of Manuel Alonso Corral, the second 'Pope' of the Palmarian Church, known as Pedro II, at the age of 76. He succeeded Clemente Domínguez (Gregorio XVII) in 2005. Following his death, the Palmarian Church appointed Father Sergio María as the new pope, Gregorio XVIII. The Palmarian Church, described as a sectarian congregation in crisis due to financial problems and declining membership, has maintained strict secrecy, cutting off relations with the local population.

Viral Campaigns and Hoaxes

Giant Footprints in the US

A viral marketing campaign for Universal Studio's 3D attraction, King Kong, in Hollywood, involved placing giant footprints on Santa Monica beach and in the Dodgers stadium. Initially mistaken for evidence of large primates like Bigfoot or Yeti, the footprints were quickly revealed as a publicity stunt.

The 'Fairy' of Mexico

Inspired by a previous debunked story about a 'gnome of Girona', a new hoax emerged from Guadalajara, Mexico. José Maldonado, a construction worker, claimed to have found a small, plastic-like 'fairy' in a tree. He exhibited the preserved creature, charging visitors a donation. The story gained attention, with thousands flocking to see it, but the object was described as resembling a plastic doll and its discovery was attributed to Maldonado's financial need after losing his job.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

This issue of "EL OJO CRITICO" consistently adopts a critical and skeptical stance towards paranormal claims, hoaxes, and historical myths. It aims to debunk sensationalism and provide rational explanations, whether by tracing the etymology of a term like Baphomet, exposing the mechanics of viral marketing, or questioning the validity of alleged supernatural discoveries. The magazine emphasizes the importance of critical thinking and documented evidence, particularly in historical and paranormal investigations. The editorial stance appears to be one of promoting skepticism and debunking pseudoscience and misinformation, while also exploring genuine historical and spiritual traditions like Sufism with a critical lens.