El Ojo Critico - No 65 - Sep 2010

Magazine Overview

Title: EL OJO CRITICO
Issue: N° 65
Date: Septiembre 2010
Publisher: GRUPO FÉNIX
Country: ESPAÑA
Language: Spanish

This issue of 'El Ojo Critico' is a special edition focusing on "Psychological Operations: Secret Services and Social Manipulation." It features an exclusive interview with CESID (Center for Higher Defense Intelligence) regarding Unidentified Flying Objects (UFOs), a detailed history of Spanish espionage, and an exploration of psychological warfare.

Exclusive: The Only Interview CESID Granted on UFOs

The magazine presents an exclusive interview with CESID, conducted in November 1992, where they responded to a questionnaire from ufologists Vicente Juan Ballester Olmos and Joan Plana. CESID unequivocally states that it does not investigate UFO sightings or individuals related to the topic. They deny having any departments dedicated to this matter and confirm that no information exchange on UFOs occurs between Spanish intelligence services and NATO countries. CESID also clarifies that the phenomenon of UFOs has never been included in any informative documentation prepared for high state authorities, nor has it been discussed in regular meetings with the Ministry of the Interior. They explicitly state they do not possess any archives with UFO material.

Regarding specific cases, CESID denies involvement in the investigation of alleged intelligence or armament activities in Canarias, Manises, Barbate, and the Mediterranean Sea. They also state that they do not have a similar archive to compare with the data provided by the signatories of the questionnaire.

History of Spanish Espionage

This section traces the evolution of Spanish intelligence services over three centuries. It begins with early information networks serving the crown and highlights figures like Eusebio Bardaxi during the War of Independence. The article notes that the official history, as presented by the CNI (National Intelligence Center), dates the first attempt at an intelligence service to 1935, during the Second Republic, though its activity was short-lived due to the Civil War. The post-Civil War period saw the proliferation of numerous, often uncoordinated, intelligence bodies. The text mentions the creation of the SECED (Documentation Service) in 1968, linked to the Presidency of the Government, and its focus on counter-terrorism, targeting groups like Grapo, Terra Lliure, and ETA. The assassination of Admiral Carrero Blanco by ETA in 1973 is highlighted as a significant event. The transition to democracy led to the formation of CESID in 1977, which opened intelligence roles to civilians. The article details the organizational structure and functions of CESID and its successor, the CNI, emphasizing their role in national security and counter-terrorism.

It also discusses the influence of foreign intelligence agencies like the CIA and Mossad on Spanish intelligence training. The text mentions key figures such as José Ignacio San Martín, Juan Valverde, and Andrés Cassinello. The article further elaborates on the 'intelligence community' in Spain, outlining its various components including CNI, military intelligence, police intelligence, and regional police forces. It emphasizes the principle of coordination among these entities.

Margarita Ruiz de Lihory, the Spanish Mata Hari: UMMO, Nazis, and Spies

This section focuses on Margarita Ruiz de Lihory, an exceptional woman described as the 'Spanish Mata Hari.' Her life is presented as passionate and intertwined with espionage, particularly in relation to the UMMO affair. The article touches upon her social connections with influential figures and her alleged involvement in a dark personal episode involving her deceased daughter. It mentions her espionage missions in Morocco, her encounters with Francisco Franco and Abd-el-Krim, and her activities in the United States. Her role as a quintacolumnist during the Spanish Civil War is also noted. The section references a book and a psychiatrist's essay that explore her life and alleged delusional megalomania.

Introduction to the Art of Psychological Warfare

This extensive section delves into the history and practice of psychological warfare, tracing its development from the 1950s, largely driven by the CIA. It explains how communication sciences were used as a tool against pro-Soviet governments and resistance movements. The strategy of 'containment' employed by Presidents Truman and Eisenhower is discussed, focusing on blocking communist expansion through control of national emancipation movements. The article details the creation of intelligence agencies like the OSS and its successor, the CIA, and the role of the Office of Policy Coordination (OPC) in psychological operations. It defines psychological warfare as the use of physical or moral means to destroy enemy will, alienate allies, and boost allied morale. The text outlines various methods, including open (white), secret (black), and grey propaganda, subversion, sabotage, and assassinations.

Projects Troy and Camelot

Project Troy aimed to develop means to disseminate American propaganda, particularly through Voice of America. Project Camelot, initiated in the 1960s, sought to model processes leading to national revolutions in Third World countries to facilitate counter-insurgency operations. The article suggests that Camelot's findings were used to influence events in Chile, potentially contributing to the overthrow of Allende.

Enlisting University Students

The development of communication sciences, funded by military and intelligence agencies, led to the creation of specialized research centers. The article highlights the role of figures like Paul Lazarsfeld and his involvement in marketing and propaganda research. It discusses how these sciences were applied to understand and influence populations in 'risk' countries, often linked to conflicts involving the United States during the Cold War.

The Persistence of Psychological Warfare

Even after the Cold War, the apparatus of psychological warfare continued. The CIA funded international research centers and 'area studies' to gather information on 'risk' geographical zones. The article notes the continued use of Voice of America and the reactivation of Cold War-era devices by the George W. Bush administration under the guise of the 'war on terror.' It points to the involvement of universities and former intelligence officials in leading research institutions.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine consistently explores themes of intelligence, espionage, secret services, and psychological manipulation. There's a strong focus on historical analysis, particularly concerning Spanish intelligence agencies and the Cold War-era use of psychological warfare. The editorial stance appears critical of intelligence agencies and their methods, highlighting potential abuses of power and the manipulation of information. The coverage of UFOs, while presented as an exclusive interview, also implicitly questions the transparency and role of intelligence agencies in such matters. The magazine seems dedicated to uncovering hidden histories and challenging official narratives, particularly in the realms of intelligence and covert operations.

This issue of DOSSIER Inteligencia, published by CRITICO, delves into several intriguing historical and intelligence-related topics. The cover story, "The 'god' who saved the Dalai Lama's life: The CIA and the Oracle of Tibet," suggests a covert operation by the CIA to facilitate the Dalai Lama's escape.

The CIA and the Oracle of Tibet

The article details the complex situation faced by Tenzin Giatso, the Dalai Lama, in March 1959, as Chinese forces advanced into Tibet. Despite initial resistance, the Chinese military's overwhelming force led to the Tibetan revolt, supported by the CIA. The CIA's involvement included providing arms and training to Tibetan soldiers and infiltrating agents. The agency allegedly persuaded the Dalai Lama's brother and other leaders about the necessity of his departure to avoid capture or death. When the Dalai Lama refused to surrender, facing the threat of his sanctuary being bombed, he consulted the Nechung Oracle. The oracle, channeled by Lobsang Jigme, famously advised him to flee ("¡Vete, vete!"). The article posits that this divine guidance was, in fact, orchestrated by the CIA, which had operatives influencing the situation. The Dalai Lama escaped to India, with the CIA's assistance ensuring his safety and thwarting Chinese plans. The article further reveals that the CIA financially supported the Dalai Lama for many years, aiming to destabilize the communist regime in China. This support was eventually canceled in the early 1970s by President Nixon.

Martial Arts Sects and Psychological Warfare in Imperial China: The Secret Societies in the Boxer Rebellions

This section traces the history of secret societies in China from the Sung dynasty (947-1279) to the Ch'ing dynasty (1962-1912). These societies, often associated with martial arts like Kung-Fu, played significant roles in various rebellions and resistance movements against oppressive regimes and foreign intervention. The article mentions the Red Eyebrows and Yellow Turbans rebellions during the Han dynasty, the White Lotus society, and numerous other groups that eventually coalesced into resistance against Western powers, culminating in the Boxer Rebellion of 1900. The Shaolin Temple is highlighted for its martial arts prowess. The Boxer Rebellion is described as an uprising against foreign economic and military encroachment, fueled by anti-Western sentiment and a belief in the invincibility of martial arts. The article notes the application of the term "boxer" by Westerners to Chinese practitioners of "chuan-fa" (martial arts) and how various secret societies, including the I-Ho-Chuan ("Righteous and Harmonious Fists"), were involved. The text also touches upon the Opium Wars and the unequal treaties imposed on China by Western powers, which further exacerbated tensions and contributed to the Boxer uprising.

The "God" Who Fooled Hitler in Huelva: Investigation: "Operation Mincemeat"

This article investigates the true story behind "Operation Mincemeat," a British deception operation during World War II. The operation used the corpse of a Welsh beggar named Glyndwr Michael, disguised as Major William Martin of the Royal Marines, to mislead the Nazis about the Allied invasion of Europe. The body, carrying fake documents, was planted off the coast of Huelva, Spain, to suggest an invasion in Greece and Sardinia rather than Sicily. The article reveals that while the plan was conceived by Ewen Montagu and Charles Cholmondeley, the critical role of Spanish agents in facilitating the deception has been overlooked. The fake documents were opened in Madrid by high-ranking officials of Franco's regime, not by German spies in Huelva as commonly believed. The article details how the body was prepared, the fake identity created, and the meticulous planning involved, including fabricated personal letters and photographs. It highlights the role of Admiral Allan Hillgarth, the head of British intelligence in Spain, and his network of informants, including a Spanish naval officer codenamed "Andros." The operation successfully diverted German forces, saving thousands of Allied lives during the invasion of Sicily.

The Sect that Directed the Bush Administration from the Shadows: "Straussianos": The Secret Government of the USA

This section explores the alleged influence of a secret organization known as the "Straussianos" on the US administration, particularly in the lead-up to the 9/11 attacks and subsequent wars in Afghanistan and Iraq. The article identifies key figures associated with this ideology, including Dick Cheney, Donald Rumsfeld, Paul Wolfowitz, and Richard Perle, who are described as followers of the philosopher Leo Strauss. Strauss's philosophy, characterized by a belief in the necessity of external threats to maintain political stability and the use of deception by an elite, is presented as the ideological underpinning for the "Straussianos" agenda. The article links this group to the Project for the New American Century (PNAC) and its influential report, "Rebuilding America's Defenses," which allegedly outlined plans for military action in the Middle East, including Iraq, well before 9/11. The theory of the "clash of civilizations," popularized by Samuel Huntington, is also discussed as a Straussian concept used to justify conflict with the Islamic world. The article suggests that the 9/11 attacks were instrumentalized by the Straussianos to advance their agenda of global dominance and control over strategic resources, particularly oil reserves needed by China.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue revolve around conspiracy, espionage, secret societies, and the hidden influences shaping historical events and geopolitical conflicts. The editorial stance appears critical of covert operations, deception, and the manipulation of information by intelligence agencies and powerful groups. There is a consistent focus on uncovering hidden agendas and challenging official narratives, particularly concerning the CIA, Chinese history, World War II deceptions, and the foreign policy of the US administration. The magazine seems to advocate for a deeper understanding of the clandestine forces that may be at play behind major historical events.

Title: CRITICO
Issue: 21
Volume: 17
Date: Undetermined (Cover date is '21')

This issue of CRITICO delves into several controversial and conspiratorial topics, focusing on intelligence operations, psychological warfare, and alleged cover-ups surrounding significant global events.

11S: Pilots Against the Official Version

The lead article presents the findings of "Pilotos por la verdad del 11-S" (Pilots for 9/11 Truth), a group of aviation professionals who question the official account of the September 11th attacks. They argue that the complexity of the maneuvers required to fly a Boeing 727 into the Pentagon suggests professional pilots were involved, contradicting the official narrative that a novice pilot, Hani Hanjour, was responsible. The group accessed NTSB data and performed computer simulations, concluding that the flight path of Flight 77, as reconstructed from the data, differed from the official version. Specifically, their analysis suggests the plane approached the Pentagon from above the roof, and that the official version's claim of the plane hitting utility poles is invalidated by the data. Robert Balsano, the group's founder, asserts that the NTSB documents contradict the official version and that the government lied about the event.

Other Simulations

The article also mentions simulations conducted in Spain by experts, including combat pilots, who repeatedly failed to virtually crash planes into the Pentagon, leading to the conclusion that no plane actually hit the building.

Psychological Operations in the Occupation of Iraq

This section, authored by Lieutenant Colonel Steven Collins, examines the psychological operations (PSYOPS) employed during and after the Operation Iraqi Freedom. It highlights the importance of "perception management" for both the Coalition and NATO, especially in light of experiences in the Balkans.

Diplomacy and PSYOPS

Collins notes that while diplomacy aimed to influence international and Iraqi public opinion, it had limited success before the war. The US has renewed its diplomatic capabilities, with the White House coordinating global perception management strategies, particularly targeting the Islamic world with a significant budget. However, Colin Powell's address to the UN Security Council failed to convince key members like France, Germany, and Russia to support immediate military action against Iraq.

Media and Information Warfare

The article discusses the role of media, including Radio Sawa, in shaping perceptions. It also touches upon the use of "embedded" journalists during the Iraq campaign, which provided a real-time perspective but also fostered a sense of camaraderie between reporters and soldiers. The proliferation of news sources via satellite TV and the internet allows individuals to reinforce their existing beliefs, making it harder to influence them.

PSYOPS Tactics

PSYOPS proved more successful at the operational and tactical levels. Millions of leaflets were dropped, threatening destruction for resistance and encouraging disobedience. The effectiveness of these operations is difficult to quantify, as it's hard to isolate their impact from bombing campaigns or logistical failures. The article notes that the expected mass surrenders did not occur, unlike in the 1991 Gulf War, forcing a shift in PSYOPS strategy towards sustained pressure rather than a single decisive blow.

Media and PSYOPS in Iraq

Radio was a primary tool, with stations like "Radio Information" and the British "Radio Nahrain" broadcasting news and music. The Coalition also attempted to neutralize Iraqi television through electronic measures. "White PSYOPS" are declared openly, while "Black PSYOPS" use deceptive sources. Radio Tikrit, initially presented as loyal to Saddam Hussein, later became critical. The use of text messages and emails to regime officials was another tactic to highlight the costs of supporting Saddam.

Tactical PSYOPS and Post-Conflict

Tactical PSYOPS units, equipped with vehicles and loudspeakers, were integrated with ground forces to persuade isolated Iraqi groups to surrender and manage prisoners. The article points out a lack of planning for post-conflict PSYOPS, leading to situations where contracted companies filled the information vacuum with local US news for a surprised Iraqi audience.

Preliminary Conclusions

The efforts to win hearts and minds are ongoing and crucial for determining the conflict's ultimate value. The article stresses the need for NATO to analyze lessons learned in perception management and for the US and UK to apply NATO's post-conflict experience. Diplomatic efforts may take years to yield results, requiring sustained commitment. Differences in PSYOPS capabilities between NATO and its member states are growing, with the US investing heavily while NATO headquarters has done little. PSYOPS have a role to play in post-conflict phases, providing comfort and confidence. The article also addresses the negative connotations of the term "PSYOPS," noting the shift towards "INFO OPS" (Information Operations), which can lead to confusion and underestimation of PSYOPS' strategic importance. The author argues that PSYOPS should be clearly distinguished from public information activities and that using politically correct terms like INFO OPS can create misunderstandings.

Silenced for Knowing Too Much: David Kelly, Victim Number 17

This article investigates the suspicious death of British microbiologist David Kelly, who died shortly after testifying to Parliament about the intelligence used to justify the Iraq War. Kelly had reportedly informed the BBC that the government had exaggerated Saddam Hussein's chemical weapons capabilities.

The Conspiracy Theory

The author posits that Kelly was the 17th victim in a series of deaths linked to the post-9/11 anthrax attacks. The article suggests that these attacks, while causing few human casualties, served to convince the world of an Islamic threat, justifying the War on Terror and benefiting defense companies. Genetic analysis of the anthrax used in the attacks reportedly links it to cultures developed at military facilities like Dugway, Porton Down, and Fort Detrick. Kelly had been appointed director of Porton Down, leading to speculation that he knew the origin of the anthrax.

Microbiologists and Mysterious Deaths

The article mentions that 16 other microbiologists who could have revealed the origin of the anthrax died under suspicious circumstances after 9/11. It also details the death of Don Wiley, another microbiologist, whose car was found near Memphis. Wiley had worked with Steve Hatfill, who is identified as a potential suspect in the anthrax mailings and had collaborated with Kelly on "Project Coast," a secret British-US operation focused on genetic alteration and biological weapons.

Project Coast and MK-Ultra Connections

Project Coast, directed by Wouter Basson in South Africa, aimed to develop weapons targeting specific DNA characteristics. The CIA allegedly contributed through Dr. Larry Ford, who later died of apparent suicide. The article also links the death of Vladimir Pasechnik, a Russian bioweapons expert who had worked with Kelly at Porton Down, to the anthrax used in the 9/11 attacks. Porton Down and Fort Detrick were involved in developing anthrax strains similar to those used in the attacks. The privatization of Porton Down and its acquisition by a consortium linked to George Bush Sr. and the Carlyle Group are noted.

The "Third Man" Theory

The circumstances surrounding Kelly's death, including the minimal blood found at the scene and the nature of his wounds, suggest the involvement of a "third man." The autopsy and toxicology reports have not been released, remaining classified.

Journalist Accuses CIA of Experimenting on French Civilians: "Infection or Military Experiment?"

This piece recounts the mysterious events in Pont-Saint-Esprit, France, in August 1951, where hundreds of residents experienced sudden madness, hallucinations, and violent behavior, leading to seven deaths and dozens of hospitalizations. While initially attributed to ergotism from contaminated flour, journalist Hank Albarelli claims in a new book that the CIA's MK-Ultra project, focused on mind control, was responsible. Albarelli alleges that Dr. Sidney Gottlieb, head of MK-Ultra, intentionally administered LSD to the town's inhabitants. Although direct documentation linking MK-Ultra to the incident is scarce, evidence of Gottlieb's LSD experiments on other populations exists. The destruction of most MK-Ultra records in the 1970s makes definitive proof difficult.

Intelligence of Information in the Balkan Wars: Psychological Operations in Kosovo

This section details the preparation and execution of psychological operations by the US military during the Kosovo conflict in 1998-1999. Members of the 4th Psychological Operations Group began preparations for a potential NATO operation in Kosovo, involving planning and deployment of personnel.

Kosovo Quiz

A "Kosovo Quiz" is presented, posing questions about the alleged atrocities committed by Serb authorities against Kosovar refugees, questioning whether refugees fleeing "NATO aggression" would seek refuge in NATO-protected areas, and asking if the Serb population supported Milosevic's policies.

PSYOP Campaign in Kosovo

The JPOTF (Joint Psychological Operations Task Force) launched a multimedia campaign including leaflets, cards, radio and TV broadcasts, rumors, and audio messages. The objective was to counter Serbian government propaganda, inform about alleged Serbian atrocities, and provide information to Kosovar refugees. Messages were directed at both the civilian population and Serbian forces.

Leaflet and Bomb Dissemination

Over 40 different leaflets were designed, similar to those used in Vietnam and Lebanon, but with a modern design. More than 100 million leaflets were dropped over Serbia via MC-130H aircraft and delivered in container bombs from F-16 fighters and B-52 bombers. These container bombs could hold up to 20,000 leaflets and were designed to break open in the air.

"Commando Solo" and Information Operations

A modernized CE-130E aircraft, "Commando Solo," was used for radio and television transmissions covering Belgrade, Kosovo, and southern Serbia. The broadcasts included news segments and popular music. The "Voice of the Alliance" and TV emissions continued after the air campaign ended.

Effectiveness and Future Role of PSYOPS

The effectiveness of the Kosovo PSYOP campaign is difficult to measure due to the decision not to commit ground forces. However, the article concludes that Psychological Operations will remain a vital supporting factor in future military operations.

Glossary of Psychological Operations

This section provides definitions for key terms related to psychological operations, including:

• Psychological Campaign: Propaganda and other psychological actions aimed at a target audience to influence their opinions, emotions, attitudes, and behavior.
• Psychological Objective: The goal of psychological operations, aiming to change values, attitudes, and behavior.
• Audience: The total number of people in a specific geographic sector who can be influenced.
• Target Audience: The specific social group to be influenced.
• Propaganda: Systematic, temporal, and deliberate propagation of ideas to influence opinions and behavior.
• Classification of Propaganda: White (known source), Gray (unknown source), Black (false source).
• Key Communicator: An influential individual within a community.
• Target Audience Analysis: Detailed examination of intelligence to identify vulnerabilities.
• Psychological Vulnerability: A sensitivity or weakness that can be exploited.
• Psychological Susceptibility: The predisposition of an audience to respond to psychological actions.
• Impact Indicator: A test to measure the success of an operation.
• Basic OPSIC Study: A systematic study of a specific area, including economic, social, ideological, political, and judicial factors.
• Attitudes: Predisposition to act positively or negatively.
• Motivation: The desire to achieve goals.
• Impulses: Stimuli that create tension and lead to action.
• Values: Basic convictions about preferred forms of conduct or existence.
• Need: An internal condition of deficiency.
• Opinion: A concept or judgment formed about a situation.
• OPSIC Capabilities: Influencing troop morale, countering enemy propaganda, discrediting the enemy, promoting cooperation, and limitations.
• Psychological Task: An activity contributing to a psychological objective.
• Military Objectives of OPSIC: Reducing enemy combat efficiency, modifying attitudes, facilitating reorganization of occupied areas, and gaining cooperation from allies.
• Psychological Theme: The content of propaganda used to achieve a psychological task.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue of CRITICO revolve around questioning official narratives, particularly concerning the 9/11 attacks and the Iraq War. There is a strong emphasis on conspiracy theories, alleged government deception, and the use of psychological operations and media manipulation to control public perception. The editorial stance appears to be critical of established authorities and supportive of alternative explanations for major events, often highlighting perceived cover-ups and hidden agendas. The articles suggest a pattern of clandestine activities by intelligence agencies and governments to achieve their objectives, often at the expense of truth and individual well-being.

This issue of "DOSSIER Inteligencia" from "CRITICO" focuses on the "Inferno in the Corona de Aragón," a devastating fire that occurred in Zaragoza on July 12, 1979. The cover headline poses the question of whether it was a "false flag" terrorist attack. The magazine delves into the tragic events, the subsequent investigation, and the eventual classification of the incident as a terrorist act.

The Corona de Aragón Fire: A Day of Tragedy

The article recounts the events of July 12, 1979, when the luxurious Corona de Aragón hotel in Zaragoza was engulfed in flames. Over seventy people lost their lives, and many more were injured. Thirty years later, a judicial ruling declared the incident a terrorist attack.

The day began with the hotel nearly full, hosting regular guests, businessmen, tourists, and military personnel and their families attending an event at the General Military Academy. Among the guests were Carmen Polo, the widow of Franco, and the Marquises of Villaverde.

The tragedy began around 8:15 AM in the kitchen of the Formigal cafeteria, located within the hotel. An oil fire in a churro fryer rapidly spread through ventilation ducts to the upper floors, including the "Piccadilly's" pub. The smoke quickly filled the reception area, forcing guests and staff to evacuate.

Eyewitness accounts describe the chaos and terror. Actor Javier de Campos, staying in room 410, was awakened by screams and found his room filled with smoke. He sought refuge on his balcony before being rescued by firefighters.

Firefighters were alerted promptly, as their station was only two hundred meters away. Despite their efforts, the fire spread rapidly. The article highlights desperate attempts by authorities to prevent people from jumping from windows, with repeated announcements that the fire was extinguished and rescue was imminent.

Despite the warnings, at least a dozen people jumped to their deaths, though some miraculously survived. The scene outside the hotel became a chaotic mix of onlookers, emergency services, and victims.

The article details several harrowing escapes, including that of Carmen Polo and her daughter, who escaped from their second-floor balcony. It also mentions the daring jump of Martínez Bordiú, Franco's son-in-law, who landed relatively unharmed, while another guest attempting a similar escape tragically died.

Heroic efforts by ordinary citizens are also highlighted, such as Javier Celorrio, an electrician who used a ladder to save over fifteen people, and Hipólito Arcega, a newspaper delivery person who assisted in transporting the injured and deceased.

Firefighters also sustained injuries, with Ángel Peña fracturing his pelvis and arms after an explosion. The article also recounts the terrifying experience of José Antonio Calavia, a young hotel employee who was trapped on the sixth floor and witnessed a colleague jump to her death.

By noon, the fire was largely under control, but the building, only six years old, was in ruins. The search for victims trapped inside was a grim task, ultimately resulting in 78 fatalities and over a hundred injured.

Accident or Attack?

The immediate aftermath of the fire saw authorities, including the Civil Governor of Zaragoza, Francisco Laína, and the Secretary of State for Information, Josep Meliá, emphasizing that the incident was an accident and downplaying any suggestion of a terrorist attack. This stance was attributed to fears of a coup d'état, given the political climate of the time and the presence of military personnel and the Franco family at the hotel.

However, suspicions of an intentional act persisted. The Heraldo de Aragón reported a mysterious call claiming responsibility from ETA, followed by another from FRAP. Eyewitnesses also reported hearing two explosions before the fire spread.

A 2000 directive from the Council of State, later upheld by the Supreme Court in 2009, concluded that the fire was intentional, granting victims aid similar to that provided to victims of terrorism. The Supreme Court's ruling acknowledged that the fire could not have been caused by a single person and suggested the possible use of napalm and magnesium.

Despite the legal conclusions, the article notes that numerous questions remain unanswered: who was responsible, and how was the fire initiated? The incident remains one of the most tragic episodes of Spain's Transition period.

Dossier: Intelligence Technologies

The latter part of the magazine shifts focus to intelligence and forensic techniques. It introduces "Inteligencia Grafotécnica" (Graphotechnical Intelligence), a discipline that employs graphology and biometric identification for forensic analysis.

Graphotechnical Intelligence

This section explains how intelligence services use graphology and forensic calligraphy to obtain information about individuals, including their personality, physical health, and authorship of documents. It highlights the work of figures like Thea Stein Lewinson and Francisco Viñals Carrera, who collaborated with intelligence agencies.

The article discusses the application of graphotecnia to foreign scripts, emphasizing the importance of analyzing universal graphic elements like pressure, speed, and stroke direction, especially when dealing with unknown languages and alphabets.

Biometric Identification Systems

The magazine then explores biometric identification systems, particularly for signatures and handwriting. It traces the development of biometrics from Alphonse Bertillon's anthropometric system to modern technologies used in combating drug trafficking and terrorism.

Static biometrics include fingerprints, iris scans, and facial features, while dynamic biometrics encompass handwriting, typing, and voice analysis. The article notes the advancements in online biometric systems, which capture dynamic data like pressure and speed, offering greater accuracy than offline systems.

However, it concludes that while technology is advancing, human experts in graphotecnia remain indispensable for forensic analysis, especially when dealing with complex cases and foreign scripts. The development of large databases of handwriting could aid in identifying anonymous texts.

Conclusions

The magazine concludes that intelligence services and graphotecnia have a long-standing, intertwined history. The concept of Graphotechnical Intelligence is presented as a response to evolving national security needs. While IT is contributing to biometric security systems, the role of traditional forensic experts is still crucial. The article also emphasizes the ongoing research and development in classical graphotechnical studies, particularly for analyzing foreign scripts and extracting valuable information.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue are terrorism, intelligence gathering, forensic analysis, and the evolution of identification technologies. The editorial stance appears to be one of critical inquiry, questioning official narratives and highlighting the importance of thorough investigation and the use of advanced analytical techniques in understanding complex events like the Corona de Aragón fire. The magazine also champions the role of specialized disciplines like graphotecnia and biometrics within the broader field of intelligence.

This issue of EL OJO CRÍTICO (The Critical Eye) delves into a range of controversial and intriguing topics, primarily focusing on the state of the Spanish police, the hidden aspects of Nazism, and historical mysteries. The magazine features an exclusive interview with a police sub-inspector, critical analyses of political and media influence, and explorations into esoteric beliefs and historical events.

Police Corruption and Disillusionment

The central piece is an exclusive interview with Fernando Ramón Calderón, a sub-inspector of the National Police Corps (CNP) and union representative for the Spanish Police Confederation (CEP) in Western Andalusia. He paints a bleak picture of the current state of the Spanish police, describing it as "lamentable." Calderón highlights a significant decline in investment and resources over the years, contrasting the past with current promotions of 2,500 officers crammed into an academy. He notes that despite increased budgets, they haven't kept pace with the needs of Spain as a major European border country facing issues like immigration, organized crime from Eastern Europe, Italian mafias, and terrorism (including Islamic). Police are forced to purchase their own safety equipment, such as Level V bulletproof vests and trauma gloves, due to obsolete issued gear. Vehicles are also in poor condition, with many failing ITV inspections. He contrasts Spain's situation with other countries where officers can access real-time data, stating that Spanish police still face bureaucratic hurdles. Calderón believes the government is not investing enough in public security, which will benefit private security companies in the future.

He also addresses instances of police misconduct, stating that while he hasn't witnessed illegal acts directly, many are judged as accidental or negligent. He explains that even off-duty infractions, like exceeding the legal alcohol limit, can lead to severe disciplinary action, including a three-year suspension of employment and salary. He calls for a reform of the archaic, 19th-century disciplinary system.

Regarding police statistics, Calderón expresses skepticism, believing they are often manipulated. He argues that accurate statistics are crucial for identifying errors, successes, and resource allocation needs. He suggests adopting the quantitative and application protocols used in France.

One of the most regrettable incidents he recounts is the theft of over 150 kilos of cocaine and heroin from the police lock-ups at the Superior Police Headquarters of Western Andalusia in Seville. This occurred because the lock-ups were empty after detainees were moved, and they were used to store seized drugs. He mentions that the Udyco (Drug and Organized Crime Unit) in Seville had previously warned about security lapses. The theft was discovered when a shipment of 12 kilos of drugs was found to be plaster instead of narcotics, leading to an investigation that revealed the substitution of drugs. The investigation pointed towards the Udyco unit, and eventually, an ex-agent on leave was arrested, along with his wife and another couple, suspected of selling the substituted drugs. This incident severely damaged the image of the police.

Calderón praises the police's handling of the Marta del Castillo case, noting the dedication of resources and personnel. However, he laments the ongoing difficulty in locating her body, which is crucial for solving the case. He believes this case marks a turning point, advocating for a stricter approach to serious crimes and potential changes to the Juvenile Law.

He strongly condemns torture, stating it would be as reprehensible as the criminal acts themselves, and insists that legal rules must be followed, even when dealing with criminals.

He finds the corruption scandal in Coslada, involving about twenty local police officers and their superior, Ginés Jiménez, incomprehensible, especially since it was uncovered by an external investigation.

Esotericism and Nazism

Another significant section explores the esoteric connections of the Nazi regime. In an interview with José Lesta, author of "El Enigma Nazi" and "Las Claves Esotéricas del III Reich," the discussion delves into the historical and mystical aspects of Nazism. Lesta explains that many prominent Nazis, including Hitler, Rosenberg, Himmler, and Hess, were associated with the esoteric German group Thule. He posits that Nazism was more than a political movement; it was a quasi-religious endeavor aiming for absolute power and the 'beyond.' This led them to search for powerful artifacts like the Holy Grail and the Ark of the Covenant. Lesta also touches upon the Nazi interest in Tibet and the legend of an agreement between Hitler and the Dalai Lama, as well as the search for Aryan origins.

Lesta discusses Hitler's charisma, attributing it to his powerful voice and ability to connect with the masses' sentiments. He compares Hitler to Stalin, noting parallels in their lives and careers. The interview also touches upon the use of doubles by Hitler, particularly for security during public events and potentially during his final days. Lesta highlights the advanced technology developed by the Nazis during World War II, including triangular aircraft and nuclear projects, suggesting that much of this remains secret.

The article also touches upon the alleged use of homeless people for drug experiments against ETA by the CESID (Center for Defense Information), as depicted in Manuel Cerdán's novel "El Informe Jano." The book is described as a thriller blending reality and fiction, exploring illegal activities by spies.

Media and Politics

Several articles critique the role of the media, particularly the tabloid press ('prensa rosa'), in distracting from serious issues. The 'Operación Malaya' corruption case in Marbella is used as an example, where media attention focused on celebrities like Isabel Pantoja and Julián Muñoz, overshadowing the systemic failures and the lack of accountability from control bodies like the Tribunal de Cuentas.

Historical and Religious Topics

An article examines the historical relationship between the Vatican and the CIA, suggesting Pope John Paul II's support for Reagan's deployment of missiles in Europe and the CIA's efforts to influence events in Poland. It also notes the Catholic Church's internal divisions and its use of conservative ideology by political leaders.

Another piece critically analyzes the Holy Chalice of Valencia, a relic venerated for centuries. It discusses the historical claims linking it to the Last Supper and the efforts to have it declared a UNESCO World Heritage site, while also questioning the historical narrative and the role of figures like Saint Lawrence.

Book Reviews

The issue includes a section titled "La Biblioteca del Investigador" (The Investigator's Library), reviewing several books related to espionage and secret services: "Servicios Secretos" by Cernuda, Jauregui, and Bardavio; "Diccionario Enciclopédico del Espionaje" by Domingo Pastor Petit; "Confesiones de Perote" by Juan Alberto Perote; "Los Expedientes Secretos" by Manuel Carballal; and "La Casa" by Fernando Rueda.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue are police corruption and systemic failures, the hidden and esoteric dimensions of historical events (particularly Nazism), the manipulative role of the media, and the complex interplay between politics, religion, and intelligence services. The editorial stance appears critical of government policies regarding public security, skeptical of official narratives, and interested in uncovering less-known or suppressed aspects of history and current events. There is a clear emphasis on investigative journalism and exposing uncomfortable truths.

This issue of "Más Allá" (Beyond) delves into a variety of intriguing topics, with a significant focus on the historical and archaeological investigation of the Holy Grail and the figure of Saint Lawrence. It also explores the world of ufology, ancient astronauts, and their influence on popular culture, particularly comic books. The magazine features news items, reviews, and discussions on current events related to mysteries and the unexplained.

The Holy Grail and Saint Lawrence: A Critical Examination

The issue begins by examining the tradition surrounding the Holy Grail, citing the work of Rodríguez Almenar, who concludes that if the Holy Grail has been preserved, it must be the one in Valencia. However, the article immediately casts doubt on this certainty, questioning the historical reliability of the tradition.

The article then turns to the biography of Saint Lawrence, highlighting that his life story, particularly his supposed Hispanic origins, is far from clear and is largely based on pious legends that have grown over time. Historical-critical analyses from the 1930s onwards are cited, pointing out inconsistencies, anachronisms, and the lack of unanimous sources. The author notes that the tradition of his martyrdom by being roasted on a gridiron is historically questionable as it was not a common punishment in the Roman Empire. The confusion surrounding his place of birth and ancestry is also emphasized, with early accounts not mentioning it, and later texts from the 6th century onwards being vague or potentially interpolated.

The article scrutinizes the claims linking Saint Lawrence to Huesca and the toponym 'Loreto'. It argues that philological and toponymic analyses do not support a direct connection to Lorenzo. The debate between Valencia and Huesca to claim Saint Lawrence's birthplace is presented as a source of considerable, often biased, bibliography, with instances of falsified texts emerging in the 17th century to support these claims. The author specifically mentions a falsified text attributed to Abbot Donato, which was recently used by researcher Janice Bennett.

The Archaeological Verdict

Antonio Beltrán's archaeological examination of the Holy Grail is discussed. Beltrán concluded that the upper part of the chalice could potentially be the cup used by Jesus, but that the other two parts were medieval additions. The upper part is described as a cup made of oriental agate or carnelian, possibly from a Hellenistic-Roman workshop dating between the 4th century BC and the 1st century AD.

However, the article emphasizes the lack of documentary or chronological evidence supporting the Holy Grail's trajectory from the 1st century to its arrival in Valencia in the late Middle Ages. The first records only appear in the late 14th century, accompanied by historical absurdities. The arrival of the chalice in Valencia in 1437 is well-documented, being a donation from King Alfonso V. Prior to this, it was listed in the inventory of King Martín I in 1410. The article questions who held the chalice before it came into the possession of the Aragonese monarchs.

A Relic by Spontaneous Generation?

King Martín I's intensified search for relics is discussed, driven by the idea of sacralizing the Aragonese monarchy. The first historical document clearly alluding to the chalice in Valencia dates from September 26, 1399, commissioned by Martín I. This document states that the King had long desired to possess the stone chalice in which Jesus consecrated his blood at the Last Supper, and that Saint Lawrence, having received it from Pope Sixtus, sent it with a letter to the monastery of San Juan de la Peña. The article highlights the historical inconsistencies in this account, particularly the idea of a letter from the martyr and the communication with a monastery that would not be founded for another seven centuries. Despite these criticisms, the article acknowledges that the chalice itself is described as being made of stone.

The article further investigates earlier potential mentions of the chalice. A document from 1135, where Ramiro II of Aragon exchanged lands for various items, including a 'calice de lapide precioso' (stone chalice), is considered. However, if this chalice passed to the Aragonese monarchy in the 12th century, it raises questions about why Martín I requested it from the monastery in 1399.

A more controversial piece of information comes from 1322, when James II of Aragon requested relics from the Sultan of Egypt, including the chalice used by Jesus at the Last Supper. This request, made seventy-seven years before Martín I's document, suggests that the Aragonese monarchy was unaware of such an important relic within its own kingdom. This leads to the conclusion that, at that time, there was likely no Holy Grail in the San Juan de la Peña monastery. The article questions why King James II would seek a false relic from a Muslim ruler if the authentic one was in his possession, suggesting either skepticism about the chalice's authenticity or its non-existence.

Conclusion: ...Take This Chalice Away From Me

The article concludes that relics often function like living beings, born from unknown origins, growing in popular devotion, and sometimes fading into obscurity. The Holy Grail of Valencia is presented as having entered a phase of pseudoscientific fascination after its spontaneous generation in the late 14th century.

Several historical arguments against its authenticity are presented: the lack of necessity for the apostles to preserve objects from Jesus' life, doubts about whether Jesus instituted the Eucharist at the Last Supper, and the fact that preserving relics was contrary to Jewish tradition. The author suggests that the authenticity of the Holy Grail of Valencia is shrouded in more historical shadows than truths, and paraphrases Jesus' words from the Garden of Olives, "...take this chalice away from me."

News and Confidential Reports

The Mystery of the Princes: An Eurofighter crash at Morón Air Base resulted in the death of a Saudi pilot, identified as a member of the Saudi Royal Family. The incident was surrounded by extreme secrecy, with the pilot's name and royal connection not being published by the press. The article notes that this is not the first instance of a Saudi prince dying under strange circumstances in Spain.

Lesta at the University: Jose Lesta, an investigator, participated in the National Congress of Ramas, presenting on the secret technology of the Third Reich.

Do You Want to Be a Spy?: A new private academy in Spain is offering courses in intelligence and investigation techniques, with instructors largely being former Spanish intelligence service members.

J.J. Vallejo Leaves the Ship: Journalist Juanje Vallejo has left the mystery program "la nave del misterio" due to disagreements over fees, reportedly with Carmen Porter.

"The Cut-Off Hand" Wins the Lawsuit: The Supreme Court has ordered the Valencia City Council to compensate the Ruiz de Lihory family for the loss of paintings stored in municipal dependencies after an eviction.

Errata: An article in a previous issue incorrectly identified the generals responsible for classifying information on anomalous aerial phenomena as confidential, omitting General Carlos Rute Villanova, director general of Civil Aviation.

Silvia Fuminaya, Godmother of Cidonya: Silvia Fuminaya presented Javier Akerman's book "Sexo... ¡naturalmente!", with author rights going to Doctors Without Borders.

What if the Head of CNI Were a Woman?: Fernando Rueda's upcoming book, "La voz del pasado," imagines a female director of operations for Spanish intelligence, reviewing the history of Spanish espionage.

Iker Jimenez and the Paparazzi: Iker Jimenez and Carmen Porter were photographed by paparazzi during their vacation in Ibiza.

The Photo: A new generation of mystery divulgators is emerging, with a group photo of several individuals who are expected to become prominent in the field.

Radio and Television News

Radio Signings: Several mystery and anomaly programs have seen new contributors, including Lorenzo Fernández joining Onda Cero, Diego Marañón joining SER, and Miguel Pedrero joining RNE.

New TV Series?: Negotiations are underway for a new 13-episode TV series about mysterious Spain, focusing on fieldwork.

The Secrets of A. Blake in Danger: Mentalist Anthony Blake had a briefcase containing his performance objects stolen, but it was later recovered by the police.

Notice to Enthusiasts and Scholars: The "Proyecto Libro 2.0" initiative aims to exchange ebooks by digitizing books on mystery and scientific divulgation topics.

Carlos Ruiz Becomes a Father: Carlos Ruiz, co-director of the podcast "Expediente FDM," has become a father.

Colonel W. Stevens Passes Away: Colonel Wendelle Stevens, a prominent US divulgator of Unidentified Flying Objects, has passed away.

DL Returns... and Will Cause a Stir: The program "Dimensión Límite" is returning with a new schedule and format, featuring new sections and collaborators.

Astroarchaeology

Von Däniken as Inspiration for the Comic World: Astroarchaeology in Panels

This section discusses Erich Von Däniken's theories about ancient astronauts and their influence on popular culture, particularly comic books. Von Däniken's ideas, which suggest that extraterrestrials played an active role in human history and left behind evidence in ancient civilizations and archaeological sites, gained significant traction in the late 1960s. The article notes that while his theories are not scientifically or archaeologically accepted, they provided rich material for science fiction and comics.

The Extraterrestrial Gods... in Panels

The influence of Von Däniken's theories on comic book artist Jack Kirby is highlighted. Kirby, known for his work with Marvel Comics, incorporated these ideas into his creations, particularly in the development of cosmic mythologies. The article points to the introduction of Galactus in "Fantastic Four" #48 (1966) as an early indication of Kirby's cosmic scope. Galactus, the Devourer of Worlds, is described as a cosmic entity who travels the universe feeding on planetary energy, not as a villain but as a force that maintains cosmic balance.

Realism Very Fantastic

The article delves into Kirby's "The Eternals" series, which explored the origins of humans on Marvel's Earth. It explains the concept of the Celestials, giant cosmic beings who visited Earth in several "hosts" (huestes) to experiment with life and judge its progress. The first host, approximately a million years ago, involved experiments on primitive humans, leading to the creation of Deviants, Eternals, and Humans. Subsequent hosts, occurring around 20,000 years ago and a thousand years ago, monitored the development of these races and their civilizations, sometimes resulting in catastrophic events like the destruction of Lemuria and the sinking of Atlantis.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The issue consistently questions established narratives and traditions, particularly concerning the Holy Grail and Saint Lawrence, by emphasizing critical historical and archaeological analysis. It highlights the role of pseudoscientific fascination in popularizing certain topics, such as ancient astronauts and UFOs. The magazine also demonstrates an interest in the intersection of these themes with popular culture, as seen in the discussion of Von Däniken's influence on comics. The editorial stance appears to favor skepticism towards unsubstantiated claims while remaining open to exploring mysteries and unexplained phenomena, often through the lens of investigative journalism and historical research.

This issue of GlobalChase magazine, identified as the 'FIRST ISSUE' and 'ALL NEW ILLUSTRATED STORIES', presents a blend of speculative fiction, parapsychological research, and comic book analysis. The cover prominently features an abstract metallic sculpture and the headline about a man arrested at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) claiming to be from the future. The magazine is published by GlobalChase and appears to be based in Spain, with content primarily in Spanish.

Article: "Arrestan a hombre del futuro en Suiza dentro del Gran Colisionador de Hadrones"

This article reports on the arrest of Eloi Cole in Switzerland near the LHC. Cole claims to be from the future and states his mission is to sabotage the collider to prevent global destruction. Initially, he sought fuel for his time machine, but later revealed his primary objective. After being transferred to a mental hospital in Geneva, Cole mysteriously vanished without a trace, baffling authorities. The article also touches upon the LHC's purpose of recreating the universe's initial conditions to solve ancient enigmas, and references neuro-political theories by Dr. Tim Leary regarding human evolution and consciousness expansion. It speculates on whether the LHC's potential discoveries might be intentionally hindered, possibly by future forces, raising questions about protective intentions versus sabotage of cosmic consciousness.

Article: "Misterio, nueva generación y paraidolias: Crónica del IV Simposio de la SEIP"

This section chronicles the IV Symposium of the Spanish Society of Parapsychological Investigations (SEIP), held in Alicante on July 31st. The event was coordinated by Beatriz Martínez and opened with a welcome from SEIP president Pedro Amorós, a researcher in Instrumental Transcommunication. David Sentinella moderated the event.

Key speakers and their topics included:

• Juan Miguel Marsella (President of the Spanish Society of Friends of Mystery and Parapsychology - SEAMP) presented his own research findings in Madrid, including an anecdote about unexplained phenomena at the Teatro Español.
• Malena López presented on mythological beings like elves and fairies, using images and a pointer.
• Petry Casero shared personal experiences with 'bedroom visitors'.
• Francisco Canela discussed his 'experiments' at the Monastery of Carmona in Seville.
• Joaquín Huete (President of the Center for Spiritualist Studies of Benidorm) discussed how spirits might influence human behavior, such as leading to alcoholism, and denied the concept of spirit possession.
• A documentary by Juan José Revenga, "In search of lost cities," was shown, taking viewers on a visual journey through South America.
• Juan José Revenga also presented on his experiences with Voodoo and shamanism in Africa.
• Diego Cortijo spoke about Easter Island and his numerous visits there.
• Miguel Pedrero discussed unidentified flying object (OVNI) sightings, concluding that the answer to the OVNI phenomenon lies within humans.

Evening activities included a visit to the MARQ museum in Alicante to see an exhibition on Egyptian mummies and a dinner near Alicante's castles.

The second day began with a conference by Carmen Alonso on crop circles, presenting both authentic and fraudulent examples.

The symposium concluded with a roundtable discussion on the current state of mystery journalism, featuring Carlos Ruiz (Foros del Misterio), David Cuevas (La Sombra del Espejo), and David Tenorio (La llave del misterio). The discussion addressed the sensationalism in media, the stagnation of some mystery-focused outlets, and the contributions of newer media. The absence of Alex Barragán and Daniel García (Terra Incognita) was noted.

The event concluded with the distribution of gifts and acknowledgments.

Article: "MARVEL PREVIEW PRESENTS: MAN-GODS FROM BEYOND THE STARS"

This section provides an overview of Marvel Comics' 'The Eternals' saga. It describes the conflict between the Celestials and Destructor, and the eventual intervention of matriarchs with twelve 'Young Gods' to end the crisis. The Celestials departed, but the text suggests they may return due to an interest in Earth, or that Galactus might appear to satiate his hunger. The article notes that Jack Kirby's 'The Eternals' was not initially successful, leading to its conclusion in the 'Thor' collection. However, its merit in providing a complex genesis for the Marvel Universe is acknowledged over time. The text also briefly mentions Kirby's later work for DC Comics, including the creation of Darkseid and the New Gods, noting their thematic differences but significant impact on the DC universe.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine explores themes of mystery, the unexplained, and the intersection of science fiction with reality. It covers both speculative events (like the LHC incident) and documented research (the SEIP symposium). There's an underlying interest in the origins of the universe, human consciousness, and the potential for future advancements or threats. The editorial stance appears to be one of open inquiry, presenting various perspectives on paranormal and mysterious phenomena, while also acknowledging the role of media and public perception in shaping these narratives. The inclusion of comic book lore suggests an appreciation for grand, cosmic narratives that explore similar themes.