El Ojo Critico - No 50 - Verano 2006

Magazine Overview

Title: EL OJO CRITICO
Issue: N° 50
Date: Verano 2006 (Summer 2006)
Publisher: GRUPO FÉNIX
Location: APARTADO DE CORREOS, 1177-15080 LA CORUÑA (ESPAÑA)

This issue of "El Ojo Crítico" (The Critical Eye), a publication focused on research for investigators, celebrates its 50th issue and 12th anniversary. The cover prominently features the number '50' and a list of contributors, indicating a significant milestone. The magazine maintains its independent spirit, focusing on critical investigation into paranormal phenomena.

Testimonials and Reflections

The issue is largely comprised of testimonials from various individuals who have contributed to or are associated with "El Ojo Crítico." These pieces highlight the magazine's dedication, professionalism, and its role as a reference for researchers seeking deeper truths beyond conventional explanations.

• Pepe Rodríguez (Journalist) praises the magazine for its continued existence in the digital age, valuing its independence and the courage of its contributors to speak against the current and expose frauds within the paranormal community. He congratulates the team on 12 years of operation.
• Paco Mañez (Director of www.editorialbitacora.com) congratulates the magazine on its 12 years, noting how it opened eyes to paranormal frauds and became a reference.
• J. M. Garcia Bautista (Investigator) commends the magazine for its independence and professionalism, stating that "El Ojo Crítico" is more than a magazine; it's a symbol of idealized investigation and a testament to freedom and independence.
• Clara Tahoces (Writer) reflects on her past work with the magazine's editor, recalling how manuscripts were presented without initial explanation to allow for unbiased analysis. She notes the passing of a 'golden age' of paranormal investigation in Spain, with many former contributors moving on.
• Angel Briongos Martinez (Investigator and editor) emphasizes the magazine's existence driven by willpower rather than financial gain, highlighting the dedication to positive projects for the community.
• Jordi Ardanuy (Editor Papers d'OVNIs) acknowledges "El Ojo Crítico" as a valuable publication with a critical and rebellious spirit, despite occasional disagreements with its findings. He notes the merit of articles published and the retrospective summary of its 12-year existence.
• Bruno Cardeñosa (Writer) describes "El Ojo Crítico" as a heroic publication that has survived for 50 issues due to its underlying substance, promoting true skepticism based on knowledge and doubt.
• Javier Sierra (Writer) calls the magazine 'heroic,' remembering the era before the internet when investigations required significant personal effort.
• Carlos Fernandez (Correspondent) fondly recalls the early days of fanzines and the magazine's evolution, highlighting its pure, direct, and uncompromising investigation style.
• Josep Guijarro (Director Enigmes - RNE4) speaks to the importance of fanzines in the 'Third Generation of Investigators,' noting how "El Ojo Crítico" adapted to the digital age while maintaining its rigorous viewpoint. He praises the editor's dedication, who manages most of the work without external reward.
• Miguel Blanco (Journalist) shares a long-standing connection with the editor, dating back over 20 years, and praises his perseverance in exposing frauds in the mystery world. He sees the 50 issues as a testament to information, freedom, and a critical eye that watches over truth.
• Miguel Pedrero (Writer) notes that 50 issues for a fanzine is a significant achievement, especially when done 'for the love of art.' He highlights that "El Ojo Crítico" has published exclusive investigative reports that later gained wider media attention.

Investigating Esoteric Crimes in Argentina

• ¿Nuevo suicidio esotérico en Argentina? This section details a surprising suicide of a 17-year-old girl in Argentina. The author notes the increasing frequency of youth suicides due to various problems but is particularly struck by the fact that the weapon used was the same one her father used four years prior. The girl reportedly underwent a significant behavioral change in the four years leading up to her death, exhibiting traits of a dual personality or possible schizophrenia, alternating between a pleasant demeanor and a more aggressive, masculine one, even adopting female partners. The article questions the official explanation and suggests a possible link to esoteric contexts or rituals.

• El Caso de las hermanas “satánicas” This report details a gruesome parricide in Argentina in March 2000, where two sisters allegedly murdered their father during a ritual. The case involved elements of alleged possession and multiple personality disorder. The police found the father's body and the two sisters covered in blood, exhibiting extreme aggression. The report touches upon the debate between esotericism and psychological explanations like multiple personality syndrome.

Interview with Joan Plana: Military Betrayal of UFOlogists

This extensive interview with Joan Plana Crivillén, an advisor to the Spanish Air Force (EdA) on UFO desclassification, forms a significant part of the issue. Plana discusses his career and involvement in ufology, particularly his specialization in military and official UFO cases.

• Part I: Biography, Personal and Ufological: Plana describes himself as a normal person dedicated to serious and scientific study of the UFO enigma for over 20 years, specializing in military and aeronautical cases. He evolved from an extraterrestrial hypothesis to rational skepticism, believing UFOs exist in the strict sense of their acronym, not necessarily as alien craft. He emphasizes that his freedom of thought within the CEI (Center for Ufological Studies) was total, though his focus shifted over the years.
• Interest in UFO Origins: Plana admits that his interest waned in the ultimate origin of the UFO phenomenon, as tangible results were scarce. His focus shifted to investigating new cases with official implications to find rational explanations, rather than delving deeper into unexplained cases.
• Specialization in Military Cases: His interest in military and official UFO cases predated his CEI membership, but it became his specialization due to the lack of other researchers in the field and his personal interest in military and official matters.
• Part II: The Desclassification of UFOs by the Spanish Air Force: Plana recounts the desclassification of the Spanish Air Force's UFO files in 1992, a result of intense, quiet work initiated in 1988 with Vicente Juan Ballester Olmos. He states that the CEI's collaboration with the Air Force was informal and voluntary, driven by their knowledge and seriousness, not financial gain. He refutes claims by Lieutenant Colonel Rocamora that the CEI was not involved as an advisory body, citing numerous official documents as proof of their substantial collaboration.
• Responsibility for Desclassification: Plana considers himself and Ballester responsible for initiating and promoting the 1992 desclassification. He notes that while Spain's desclassification might have inspired other European governments, claims of widespread European desclassification (like Switzerland or the UK) are inaccurate, with only isolated official information releases occurring.
• Military Use of UFOlogists: Plana believes they (urologists) used the military more than the other way around, as military personnel responsible for UFO files had limited knowledge, making Ballester and Plana, with access to both civilian and official information, more crucial to the process.
• Unexplained Cases: He considers the 1975 Burgos case still unexplained. He lists several other military and civilian UFO cases in Spain and internationally that remain difficult to explain, even after decades.
• Fragata Extremadura Incident: Plana investigated the alleged incident on the frigate Extremadura in 1991 and concluded it was a fraud, a conclusion later ratified by the Spanish Navy. He recounts how the alleged author of the fraud contacted him, claiming his goal was to test whether the case would be investigated thoroughly or presented as authentic.
• Types of UFO Cases: Plana discusses various categories of UFO cases, including military, civilian, and those involving alleged extraterrestrial contact or abductions. He expresses skepticism towards 'contactees' and 'abductees,' viewing Roswell as a 'business' and the Bermuda Triangle as just another location.
• Part III: The UFO Phenomenon: Plana estimates that a significant percentage of UFO cases in specialized bibliographies are fraudulent or misidentified. He distinguishes between the ufological communities of the 80s, 90s, and the 21st century, noting a perceived decline in seriousness and an increase in sensationalism among some contemporary investigators.
• Retirement from Ufology: He retired from active ufology in 1998 due to fatigue, a perceived stagnation in the field, the fulfillment of his objectives (like desclassification), and the continuous conflict within the Spanish ufological community.
• Archive Contents: Plana mentions retaining official Spanish military UFO documentation up to 2000, including desclassified files and internal documents detailing the desclassification process, which he is willing to share for an interesting offer.

Phillip Klass and the FBI

This section details the desclassification of FBI files related to Phillip Klass, a prominent UFO skeptic. The files reveal Klass's critical stance towards the FBI's handling of UFO-related matters and his own investigations into UFOs, which he claimed were conducted with FBI knowledge. The article notes that the FBI did not hold Klass's arguments in high regard and that he may have revealed sensitive information in his magazine, Aviation Week.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue revolve around the critical investigation of paranormal phenomena, with a strong emphasis on ufology. "El Ojo Crítico" champions independence, skepticism based on knowledge, and the pursuit of truth, even when it challenges established narratives or involves controversial subjects like military secrecy and alleged esoteric crimes. The magazine's longevity and the testimonials from its contributors underscore its commitment to these principles and its role in fostering a serious and critical approach within the paranormal research community.

'El Ojo Crítico' (The Critical Eye) is a Spanish publication that, over 12 years and 50 issues, has dedicated itself to unmasking false mysteries and paranormal phenomena. It began as a humble, artisanal bulletin in 1993, sharing space with other fanzines of the era, and aimed to provide a critical perspective on the burgeoning paranormal scene in Spain. The magazine's core mission was to investigate claims rigorously, often facing opposition from both fervent believers and staunch skeptics.

Early Years and Critical Stance

The early issues of 'El Ojo Crítico' immediately established a critical tone. An article by Manuel Carballal titled "Medios de comunicación y misterio" (Media and Mystery) set the stage, declaring the magazine's intent. The publication dared to question established figures in the mystery world, leading to its marginalization in the mainstream paranormal journalism circuit. This critical approach extended to exposing perceived incongruities, such as those of Antonio Jose Alés, and analyzing alleged evidence like the 'desert stone with fossilized worms.'

Investigations and Debunking

'El Ojo Crítico' prided itself on being the first to reveal legal inconsistencies in parapsychology academies and to investigate the investigators themselves. They tackled numerous cases, including the 'UMMO fraud,' the 'Amauri Rivera incident,' and the alleged extraterrestrial encounters of Billy Meier, which were later revealed to be staged. The magazine also conducted experiments with psychics, testing their abilities and finding no positive results. They were pioneers in analyzing the criminological and victimological aspects of paranormal frauds, particularly those leading to suicide.

Key Exposés and Controversies

Among its significant contributions, 'El Ojo Crítico' exposed the fraud of the 'devils of Haiti,' identified supposed extraterrestrials from the Billy Meier case as 1950s TV dancers, and published an influential article on "The prostitution of paranormal journalism." The magazine also delved into the UMMO case, revealing connections between Spanish intelligence services and the fraud's author. They were also among the first to critically examine the sensationalism surrounding figures like Iker Jiménez.

Methodological Approach

The magazine emphasized rigorous, on-site investigations and logical analysis. They often published technical articles presenting data without resorting to conjecture. A notable methodological contribution was the psycho-graphological study comparing 'field ufologists' versus 'cabinet ufologists,' analyzing personality traits to understand potential influences on their work. This study, published in issue 7 and detailed in issue 20, aimed for statistical evaluation rather than personal attacks.

Independence and Resilience

'El Ojo Crítico' operated independently, without the support of any editorial, association, or collective, which allowed it to maintain its critical stance. This independence, however, came at the cost of facing criticism and animosity from various factions within the paranormal community, including believers, skeptics, and those involved in alleged frauds. Despite these challenges, the magazine continued to publish, driven by a passion for investigation and a commitment to uncovering the truth, often at personal risk.

Notable Content and Collaborators

Throughout its publication history, 'El Ojo Crítico' featured exclusive interviews with prominent figures, including Zahi Hawass (archaeologist), Miguel Serrano (esoteric ideologue), and Colonel Juan Alberto Perote (CESID). They also interviewed law enforcement officials specializing in sects and critics of Marian apparitions. The magazine published articles on a wide range of topics, from archaeological mysteries and alleged alien encounters to vampirism and the psychology of the paranormal. Collaborators included well-known Spanish researchers and international figures.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

'El Ojo Crítico' consistently focused on debunking paranormal claims, exposing frauds, and promoting a skeptical yet open-minded approach to investigation. The magazine's editorial stance was one of critical inquiry, demanding evidence and logical reasoning. It aimed to separate genuine mysteries from manufactured ones, often highlighting the commercialization and sensationalism prevalent in the paranormal field. The publication's enduring legacy lies in its commitment to independent, fact-based journalism in a field often dominated by speculation and personal agendas. The magazine's motto, "Mientras los perros ladran a la luna, nosotros continuamos publicando, contra viento y marea" (While the dogs bark at the moon, we continue publishing, against all odds), encapsulates its resilient and determined spirit.

This issue of EOC magazine features a detailed investigation into the "Daro" case, described as the most fascinating in Hispanic ufology. The cover headline highlights this extensive report by Manuel Carballal, promising an inside look at how ufological investigators work.

The Daro Case: The Perfect Extraterrestrial Contact Case

The article begins by introducing the "Daro" case as a seemingly perfect contactee scenario, with a contactee named Ismael providing a wealth of evidence, including audio recordings, photographs, and video footage of alleged extraterrestrial encounters. Investigator Manuel Carballal describes the case as a significant challenge, unlike previous encounters that relied solely on the contactee's word.

Part One: The Case

Carballal recounts how Ismael, a Venezuelan executive living in Spain, initially approached him with claims of paranormal experiences. These experiences escalated to alleged communications via a self-activating television, leading to Ismael's attempts to record these events. The turning point came when Ismael provided a recording of a conversation with an extraterrestrial voice, which Carballal initially struggled to explain psychologically. The evidence presented by Ismael included over 45 magnetic tapes with interviews and surveillance, more than 250 pages of reports (philological, photographic, sonographic, psychological), photographs of UFOs, and numerous video recordings.

Ismael claimed to have communicated with an extraterrestrial commander named Daro, who provided him with "scientific" messages about cosmic concepts and informed him about other non-human civilizations visiting Earth. Daro's stated objective was the formation of "sorels," described as soldiers for a "Great Confrontation" between light and darkness.

Chronology of a Contact

Carballal details the timeline of his investigation, starting with his first meeting with Ismael in March 1990. He recounts Ismael's claims of seeing UFOs following his car and the subsequent appearance of Daro in person. Carballal provided Ismael with a camera to document any future encounters, with measures in place to detect tampering. Despite these precautions, Ismael claimed to have experienced further encounters, including the materialization of photographs of a strange object in his living room.

Ismael also claimed to have met with Daro and two other beings, who explained their absence from a planned meeting with Carballal by stating that Ismael was not yet ready for physical contact. The investigation involved linguistic analysis of the recordings by Alberto Gómez Creo, who noted that Daro's Spanish had characteristics typical of the Caribbean, supporting Carballal's hypothesis of manipulation.

Fernando Magdalena also became involved after receiving a call from "Daro." The case took another turn on March 8, 1991, when Ismael reported being pursued by an OVNI and recorded its distinctive "OVNI motor" sound.

The Experts' Verdict

As the investigation progressed, various specialists analyzed the evidence. A philologist noted the Caribbean dialect in Daro's speech. Analysis of the OVNI photographs and films by experts in New York suggested sophisticated forgery techniques, with Ismael employing various methods like mirror effects, neon lights, and superimposed images. While Dr. Bonavida's sonographic analysis of the "OVNI motor" sound was inconclusive, calligraphic analyses by Clara Tahoces definitively concluded that a note attributed to Daro and a letter from Argowe were written by the same hand – Ismael's.

"A Business Trip by OVNI?"

Carballal recounts an incident where Ismael claimed to be traveling to Madrid to meet Argowe and then take an OVNI to a submarine base in the Canary Islands. However, Carballal's investigation revealed that Ismael had actually traveled to Madrid for a five-day business course at his company's branch. This further solidified Carballal's suspicion of Ismael's deceit.

The Secret of Daro is Revealed

Carballal states that he approaches UFO cases without prejudice but with a commitment to finding the truth. He details how he followed Ismael on the night he claimed to be meeting Argowe, only to find that Ismael never left his house. Ismael then fabricated a story about being taken to a mothership. Carballal's investigation delved into Ismael's personal life, uncovering psychological and familial issues that he believes contributed to the elaborate deception.

Carballal also addresses the possibility of Ismael's motive being a desire for fame, noting his charisma and creativity. He suggests that Ismael aimed to become a "professional contactee," similar to figures like Adamski, and that the case might have been published as authentic if not for the thorough investigation.

Conclusion: The "Daro" Case

Carballal concludes that the "Daro" case presented more evidence than many others but ultimately proved to be a sophisticated fraud. He explains how he could have replicated the conversations between Ismael and Daro using two tape recorders, creating a "second-generation" recording of Daro's voice to differentiate it from Ismael's. The analysis of the language used by Daro and Argowe also pointed towards Vedic and Hindu influences, aligning with Ismael's known interest in Hinduism.

Carballal notes that despite the evidence of fraud, many people, particularly in places like the Canary Islands and León, believed Ismael and experienced emotional connections to the case, making them the primary victims of the deception.

Psychology in Service of Parapsychology: Psychiatry of Paranormal Phenomena

This section shifts focus to the psychiatric perspective on paranormal phenomena. It explores how modern psychiatry has attempted to explain phenomena such as possessions, trances, and astral travel, questioning whether these can be attributed to psychological states.

The article traces the historical roots of psychiatry, from primitive beliefs in supernatural causes for mental illness to the contributions of figures like Hippocrates and Johann Weyer. It highlights how psychiatry can offer explanations for seemingly supernatural events through psychopathological conditions.

Psychopathology of Consciousness

The article discusses multiple personality disorder (MPD) as a significant psychiatric phenomenon. It defines MPD by the presence of two or more distinct personalities or personality states within an individual, with amnesia being a common characteristic. The case of Sybil, a woman with sixteen distinct personalities, is presented as a detailed example.

Psychopathology of Perception

This section examines pathological illusions and their types. "Illusions of emotional state" are described as the influence of emotion on perception, leading to the experience of terrifying figures. "Voluntarily conducted illusions" are linked to fantasy and pareidolia, where individuals see patterns or images in random stimuli, such as seeing faces in clouds or religious figures in stains.

The article also discusses hallucinations, categorizing them by sensory modality. Auditory-verbal hallucinations, common in schizophrenia, involve hearing voices. Visual hallucinations are divided into elemental (lights, colors) and complex (recognizable objects or beings). The case of serial killer David Berkowitz, who claimed to be ordered by a demon to commit murders, is cited as an example of auditory-verbal hallucinations.

Tactile hallucinations involve sensations on the skin, such as feeling insects or animals. Olfactory-gustatory hallucinations relate to unpleasant smells or tastes, often associated with temporal lobe epilepsy or paranoid schizophrenia. Autoscopy, or the "double" phenomenon, involves seeing oneself outside the body, often reported in near-death experiences or "astral travel."

Eidetic imagery, the ability to visualize past images, is also discussed, with the phenomenon of déjà vu being mentioned as an example. The article concludes by stating that while these phenomena can be linked to psychopathology, they can also be experienced by completely normal individuals.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue revolve around the investigation of alleged UFO and extraterrestrial contact cases, the critical analysis of evidence, and the exploration of psychological factors that may influence or explain such experiences. The magazine's stance, as demonstrated by Carballal's investigation, is one of critical inquiry, emphasizing the importance of rigorous research and the willingness to expose fraud within the ufology community. The article highlights the responsibility of investigators and disseminators of UFO information to discern truth from falsehood.

This issue of "Lo mejor de coc" (The Best of coc) presents a deep investigative dive into the UMMO case, a phenomenon that captivated ufology for decades. Titled "La investigación definitiva sobre el fraude ufológico más internacional UMMO: SECTAS, OVNIS, SEXO Y SERVICIOS SECRETOS" (The definitive investigation into the most international urological fraud UMMO: SECTS, UFOs, SEX, AND SECRET SERVICES), the magazine aims to expose the alleged fraudulent nature of the UMMO contact and its broader implications.

The UMMO Phenomenon: A Case of International Fraud

The article meticulously details how the UMMO case, which gained significant traction through alleged communications and sightings, is presented as a carefully constructed hoax. The central figure identified is José Luis Jordán Peña, who is portrayed as the mastermind behind the entire affair. The magazine traces Jordán Peña's involvement from his early interactions with ufologists like Fernando Sesma and Antonio Ribera, to his alleged fabrication of evidence.

Fabrication of Evidence

Key to the exposé is the detailed account of how Jordán Peña allegedly created the illusion of extraterrestrial contact. This included manufacturing a saucer model, taking photographs with a hidden nylon thread, and creating footprints using plastic molds. The article highlights how Jordán Peña, with his background in electronics and photography, was well-equipped to produce convincing, yet fake, evidence. The famous UMMO symbol )+( is also attributed to his fabrication, initially made with a steel die and later imprinted on plastic sheets.

Key Figures and Their Roles

The magazine identifies several individuals crucial to the UMMO narrative. Giorgio Bongiovanni and Eugenio Siragusa are presented as central figures whose prophecies and messages were disseminated by followers. José Luis Jordán Peña is depicted as the primary architect of the deception. Ufologists like Antonio Ribera and Oscar Rey Brea are discussed in the context of their investigations and differing opinions on the case's authenticity. Rey Brea, in particular, is highlighted for his early skepticism and his conclusion that the Valderas photographs were a fraud.

The Role of Media and Ufologists

The widespread dissemination of the UMMO case is attributed, in part, to the media's coverage and the efforts of various ufologists. Publications like "Diez Minutos" and television programs like "NODO" helped popularize the phenomenon. The article also notes how the UMMO case became a global sensation, with books translated into multiple languages and UMMO clubs forming in various countries.

Sect-like Structures and Apocalyptic Beliefs

Beyond the alleged fraud, the magazine explores the social and psychological aspects of the UMMO phenomenon. It discusses the formation of groups like "Nonsiamosoli," which are described as having sect-like characteristics. These groups reportedly encouraged the deschooling of children, promoted apocalyptic beliefs about the end of the world, and isolated members from mainstream society. The article mentions specific prophecies, such as the end of the world in 1996, which ultimately failed to materialize.

Legal and Investigative Aspects

The investigation also touches upon police involvement. In 1993, agents from the Brigada de Información of the Mossos d'Esquadra raided a house in Piera, Barcelona, linked to the "Nonsiamosoli" group, finding 17 children being taught in an illegal educational center. The police initiated an extensive investigation into the sect.

The UMMO Symbol and Its Significance

The UMMO symbol )+( is discussed as a key element that transcended the original case, becoming a universal sign for contactees. Its appearance on alleged UFOs, including the Voronezh incident, further contributed to its perceived authenticity.

Critical Analysis of Prophecies

The magazine critically examines the prophecies attributed to Eugenio Siragusa, dating back to the 1950s. It points out that many of these predictions, such as the future problem of drugs or the dangers of atomic bombs, were either already evident or based on existing knowledge, thus lacking genuine prophetic foresight.

The UMMO Case in Spain

The article specifically focuses on the Spanish context of the UMMO case, detailing alleged sightings in Aluche and San José de Valderas. It highlights the efforts of investigators to find corroborating witnesses, often with limited success, and the role of figures like Fernando Sesma in organizing public meetings.

Conclusion: A Masterful Deception

Ultimately, the issue concludes that the UMMO case, despite its widespread impact and the belief it inspired in many, was a masterful deception orchestrated by José Luis Jordán Peña. The article aims to serve as a warning about the dangers of pseudomessianic and ufological movements when taken to extremes, emphasizing the importance of critical thinking and evidence-based investigation.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue are the nature of UFO phenomena, the psychology of belief, the potential for deception in paranormal claims, and the social dynamics of cults and sects. The editorial stance is clearly critical and investigative, aiming to debunk the UMMO case as a fraud and to expose the methods used to perpetuate it. The magazine emphasizes skepticism, critical analysis, and the importance of verifying information, particularly in the realm of paranormal claims.

Title: El Ojo Crítico
Issue: 31
Publication Date: July 2006 (estimated from content)
Publisher: EOC
Country: Spain
Language: Spanish

This issue of "El Ojo Crítico" delves into the complex and often controversial world of mystery and ufology, with a significant focus on the UMMO phenomenon, the Spanish secret services' involvement, and a retrospective on prominent figures in the field who have passed away.

The UMMO Affair: Fraud and Confession

The lead article details the UMMO saga, revealing Jose Luis Jordán Peña's confession to creating the entire UMMO myth. Peña claims he initiated the fraud in 1993, partly out of indignation at groups like Edelweis using his symbol and partly due to an anonymous invitation from Cuba. He expresses remorse, stating his creation became immoral and escaped his control. The article highlights how dangerous sects like Edelweis and "Los Amigos de los Hermanos de UMMO" exploited his reports, photos, and symbols to form their own cults. Imitators also emerged, using the UMMO myth for personal gain. Jordán Peña also confesses to indirectly contributing to the mental distress of Luis Anglada Font and suggests UMMO beliefs may have influenced the "suicides of Tarrasa."

Beyond the initial fraud, the article explores the potential involvement of Spanish intelligence agencies, specifically CESID (and its predecessor SECED). Investigator Javier Sierra theorized that CESID might have used UMMO letters for encrypted messages around 1973. Jordán Peña himself admitted to having contact with CESID agents who inquired about his potential for military use. The magazine also touches upon the "Caso de la Mano Cortada" in Albacete, which Jordán Peña admits to having intentionally linked to UMMO by involving the Marquesa Ruiz de Lihory.

Furthermore, Jordán Peña founded two additional sects, Pirophos and a pseudo-Hindu group, which involved sadomasochistic cults and defrauded numerous individuals, including professionals like lawyers and economists. The article notes that Jordán Peña combined illusionism and electronics knowledge to create 'paranormal' phenomena, claiming his ultimate goal was sociological study, though similar fraudsters have made the same claim.

Secret Service Involvement and UMMO's Evolution

The investigation into UMMO's connection with Spanish secret services is further explored. Information obtained in Zaragoza suggests that CESID and SECED had access to reports on UMMO. It is revealed that in the late 1960s, SECED infiltrated meetings of "La Ballena Alegre," and was aware of Jordán Peña's alleged sexual proclivities. Instead of shutting down the UMMO operation, SECED reportedly chose to use the affair for its own purposes. The Minister of Foreign Affairs under Franco also requested constant updates on any UMMO-related news from abroad. A dossier called "Apocalipsis" within CESID allegedly contained data on sects, UFOs, and other elements that could affect national security or serve as cover for foreign agent infiltration.

The article posits that these services might have even fabricated evidence, such as the La Javie photos, created scientific-sounding letters, or staged sightings to bolster the UMMO myth. The last known UMMO letter, dated August 26, 1996, is believed to originate from the same source as previous letters from July 1996 and a 1993 letter from Cuba, suggesting a new phase in the UMMO phenomenon, potentially unrelated to Jordán Peña's original activities. New books on UMMO have emerged in France, Romania, and Japan, often with outlandish versions, and the myth has gained traction online among younger generations, tragically linked to new UFO contactee suicides.

The Ufologist Profile: A Statistical Snapshot

"El Ojo Crítico" presents the results of a survey conducted among Spanish UFO investigators. The profile reveals that the majority of Spanish ufologists are male (84%), with a significant portion having professional training (26%) or university degrees (18% Licenciatura, 4% Doctorados). Geographically, Andalusia has the highest concentration (48%), followed by Galicia (18%) and Catalonia (14%). Most respondents (82%) have field investigation experience, and a substantial number (78%) have conducted desk research. Regarding dissemination, 42% consider it a priority, while 48% do not. The survey also touches upon their interests, with parapsychology being the most popular (40%), followed by historical enigmas (10%) and spiritualism (10%). A majority (86%) are interested in "other enigmas."

"Losses of Mystery": Remembering Key Figures

A significant portion of the magazine is dedicated to commemorating influential figures in the world of mystery and the paranormal who have passed away. The section, titled "LAS 'BAJAS' DEL MISTERIO" (The 'Losses' of Mystery), honors individuals who contributed significantly to the field:

• Andreas Faber Kaiser: Described as the most audacious investigator of anomalous phenomena in Spain, his magazine "Mundo Desconocido" remains a reference.
• Charles Berlitz: Known for his polyglotism and work on mysteries like the Bermuda Triangle, he died at 90.
• Robert L. Morris: A parapsychology professor from the University of Edinburgh, known for his prudence and skepticism.
• Antonio Ribera i Jordá: Considered the dean of Spanish ufology, author of "El gran enigma de los platillos volantes."
• Dr. Fernando Jiménez Del Oso: A highly respected figure whose work profoundly influenced generations of researchers.
• Francisco Padrón: A passionate radio host and writer from Tenerife, celebrated for his contributions to the world of mystery in the Canary Islands.
• Luis García La Cruz: A respected journalist and former editor-in-chief of "Año Cero."
• Philip Klass: A key figure in the international skeptical movement, known for his critical approach to the paranormal.
• Manuel Seral Coca: Author of the controversial book "Lucifer, símbolo oculto de la iniciación."
• Ramón Plana: Responsible for the magazine "Karma-7."
• Rose Marie Paz Wells: Known for her involvement in ufology organizations.
• Ernest H. Taves: Co-founder of CSICOP.
• Walter Haut: The US Army officer who wrote the press release for the Roswell UFO incident.
• Betty Hill: One of the first alleged abductees.
• Javier Cabrera Darquea: Creator of the Ica stone museum.
• Maria Reiche: Researcher of the Nazca Lines.
• Pedro González Vega: A divulgator from the Canary Islands.

The magazine emphasizes the importance of remembering these individuals and their contributions to science, culture, and the investigation of anomalies.

Other Sections and Columns

• "El relevo que viene..." (The succession that is coming...): Introduces Elizabet Gomez, an 18-year-old author of a book on witchcraft, as part of the new generation of mystery investigators.
• "Misterios en la Complutense" (Mysteries at Complutense): Highlights David Cuevas and Víctor Ortega, young investigators producing a "technoparanormal" radio program called "La sombra del espejo."
• "Cavanilles cuestiona a ARP" (Cavanilles questions ARP): Features journalist Javier Cavanilles questioning the integrity of the Spanish skeptical organization ARP, suggesting the presence of "opportunists" and hinting at scientific fraud within the group.
• "Aventuras de una esposa" (Adventures of a wife): Announces the launch of Blanca Fornies's personal blog, "Memorias de una esposa en apuros," offering a female perspective on the adventures of journalist J.J. Benitez.
• "Arpios y magufos se reproducen" (Harpies and crackpots multiply): A brief mention of the passing of divulgador Pedro González Vega and the upcoming births of children to other mystery figures, contrasting the growth of paranormal researchers with the multiplication of "harpies" (a term likely used pejoratively for skeptics or detractors).
• "Matar por dinero..." (To kill for money...): Announces the release of Pili Abeijón's new book, "Sicarios: Asesinos a sueldo," focusing on contract killers.
• "El incierto futuro de ENIGMES" (The uncertain future of ENIGMES): Reports on the financial difficulties of RTVE, potentially leading to the cancellation of the mystery program "Enigmes."
• "DESAPARECEN LOS ULTIMOS BOLETINES" (The last bulletins disappear): Notes the cessation of "La nave de los locos," a critical Chilean bulletin, and other independent publications, citing the unsustainability of their publication.
• "EL IPRI ES AHORA EL 'IPRI'" (IPRI is now 'IPRI'): Discusses the rebranding of the Peruvian Institute of Interplanetary Relations (IPRI) to the Instituto Paranormal de Razonamiento Intelectual, indicating a shift in focus.
• "LA FOTO:" (The Photo): Critiques Professor Darbó, a self-proclaimed skeptic, for being photographed with Paco Porras, suggesting a contradiction between his skeptical stance and his association with figures known for their paranormal claims, implying that "being skeptical" offers credibility but "seers" make more money.
• "Vuelve la polémica. El CRIU refuta a EOC" (The controversy returns. CRIU refutes EOC): Presents a debate regarding the San Jose de Valderas UFO case. The CRIU (Centro de Radioastronomía y Ufología) argues that the case should be judged on witness testimony, not just photos, and that the photos were likely sent to discredit the event. They suggest the UMMO beings themselves might have sent them to create a smokescreen. Manuel Carballal, responding for EOC, maintains his skeptical stance, stating that his investigation, including witness testimonies and physical evidence, has not provided proof of extraterrestrial visitation and concludes the San Jose de Valderas sightings, along with others, are part of a fraud orchestrated by Jordán Peña.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The issue consistently grapples with the theme of deception and authenticity within the mystery and ufology fields. It highlights how myths can be created, manipulated, and exploited, often with the involvement of individuals or even state agencies. The magazine appears to adopt a critical and investigative stance, aiming to debunk hoaxes while also acknowledging the genuine contributions of researchers. There's a clear emphasis on separating credible investigation from sensationalism and fraud. The editorial stance, particularly through Manuel Carballal's contributions, leans towards skepticism regarding many paranormal claims, especially those linked to the UMMO phenomenon, while still respecting the work of dedicated researchers. The magazine also serves as a platform for remembrance, honoring those who have shaped the field, underscoring the human element behind the pursuit of the unknown.

Title: CRITICO
Issue: 61
Cover Headline: El caso Adrian Sanchez refutado por Manuel Osuna (The Adrián Sánchez Case Refuted by Manuel Osuna)
Document Type: Magazine Issue

This issue of CRITICO presents an in-depth analysis of the Adrián Sánchez UFO incident, which occurred 32 years prior to the article's publication. The article, authored by Francisco del Toro, aims to refute previous accounts of the case by presenting findings from the research of sevillano ufologist Don Manuel Osuna and declassified official documents from the Spanish Air Force.

The Adrián Sánchez Case: Initial Report

The incident reportedly took place on the road between Aznalcollar and Castillo de las Guardas in the province of Seville, Spain, near kilometer 5.5, an area known for UFO sightings. At approximately 11:00 AM, Adrián Sánchez, driving his vehicle, witnessed a large object descend from the sky, which he initially mistook for a downed aircraft. Upon investigating, he found a large object, estimated to be 150-200 meters in size, hovering about 4 meters above the ground without emitting any noise. The weather conditions were clear with 6/8 cloud cover and strong winds.

Sánchez then observed three smaller objects moving horizontally towards the rear of the main object. One of these smaller objects changed course and headed towards him. In a state of panic, Sánchez fled in his vehicle towards Castillo de las Guardas, a town over 26 kilometers away, rather than the closer Aznalcollar. During his flight, the object reportedly flew parallel to and sometimes ahead of his vehicle, often coinciding with the dips in the terrain along the road.

His flight led him to a property called "El Torilejo," where he received no response. He continued to "Villa Rosalía," about 5 kilometers from Castillo de las Guardas, where he was attended by Miguel Mayol. After receiving aid and accompanied by a farm worker, Sánchez proceeded to Castillo de las Guardas to report the incident to the Guardia Civil. During this journey, he pointed out what he thought was a UFO to his companion, which turned out to be a farmhouse. After filing his report and calming down from his nervous state, he requested an escort back to Seville.

Analysis According to Manuel Osuna and Official Documents

The article then shifts to analyze the case based on Osuna's conclusions and the declassified documents from the Spanish Air Force (EA).

Key Points from the EA (Literal Transcription):

1. No Corroboration: The aircraft was not observed by any other person, according to investigations and statements from Guardia Civil post commanders near the alleged landing site.
2. Witnessed Vehicle Movement: A shepherd, watching his flock near the road about four kilometers from the landing site, confirmed seeing Sánchez's car speeding by but did not observe any aircraft nearby.
3. Lack of Physical Traces: No signs of landing tracks, which would be expected from a large aircraft, were found at the site. The distribution of objects and light debris was natural, with no signs of rotors or any other known vertical lift system.
4. Sole Testimony: There is no evidence, apart from Adrián Sánchez's own statement, of unidentified flying objects at the location and time of the incident. However, D. Adrián Sánchez remained firm in his declarations, showing no contradictions or gaps.

An important note from a Lieutenant General of the Second Air Region to the Minister of the Air Force expressed his conviction that Adrián Sánchez saw something, whether real or a hallucination. The testimony of the shepherd and the significant absence of traces at the alleged landing site are highlighted as crucial points for Osuna's analysis.

Osuna's Critique of Alleged Physical Evidence

Manuel Osuna critically examines the physical evidence reported by some journalists, which contrasted sharply with the initial findings of the Guardia Civil, local residents, and Osuna's own collaborators.

• Journalists' Findings (15 days later):
• A. Calcined tree.
• B. Scorched bushes.
• C. Holes 20 cm in diameter with lateral galleries.
• D. 2000 square meters of flattened reeds, approximately 15 days after the event.

Osuna questions the discrepancy between the immediate lack of evidence and these later findings. He suggests alternative explanations for these observations:

• A (Calcined tree): Electrical discharges during storms can cause trees to burn.
• B (Scorched bushes): Local shepherds might use small fires on frosty mornings to clear underbrush.
• C (Holes): These could be natural burrows for rabbits or moles, with three forming a triangle being a coincidence.
• D (Flattened reeds): Osuna concedes this is the most plausible finding but offers a rectification. He states that the reeds were not extensive, only on the left bank of a watercourse. He suggests that the sustentation force of the craft, hovering 4-8 meters above the right bank, could have influenced the dry reeds on the opposite bank, flattening them in a direction perpendicular to the water flow. He notes that this was the only finding upon repeating the visit, prompted by the reporters' claims.

Osuna dismisses the reporters' findings as potentially stemming from a lack of local knowledge about natural phenomena.

Electromagnetic Field Hypothesis

Regarding the alleged physical traces, Osuna notes that the Guardia Civil officer who entered the area experienced vomiting, and the baker who reportedly chewed a reed stalk also suffered severe headaches. Osuna posits that this could indicate an electromagnetic field in the area.

Object Dimensions and Position

Osuna also discusses the object's dimensions. Based on witness testimony, the mother ship was suspended 6-7 meters above the ground (contrasting with Sánchez's 4 meters) and was approximately 250 meters long. However, Osuna suggests that if the object was situated within the confines of the natural depression (vaguada), such a length would be impossible. He notes that Sánchez himself admitted he could not see the front of the craft, which was obscured by a hill.

Conclusion on the Pursuit

Osuna addresses the shepherd's testimony, who saw the car but not the pursuing object. He explains that given the shepherd's likely position in a lower part of a ravine, it would be understandable that he wouldn't see the object. Osuna concludes that, based on all the testimonies and data, it is highly probable that Adrián Sánchez was indeed pursued by something on that March morning in 1974.

He finds it unlikely that Sánchez would risk his life to fabricate a false story, especially considering the potential for a fatal accident during his panicked flight. The evidence of braking and skidding marks on the road, confirmed by the Guardia Civil, further supports the idea that Sánchez was fleeing from something.

Tribute to Manuel Osuna

Francisco del Toro concludes the article by dedicating it as a tribute to the memory of Manuel Osuna, whom he calls the father of ufology in Seville.

Other Content

Page 3 features a list of intriguing questions related to ancient mysteries, archaeology, and hidden knowledge, such as the construction of the pyramids, ancient technologies, and hidden religious secrets. It also displays the cover of a book titled "EL SECRETO DE LOS DIOSES" (The Secret of the Gods) by Manuel Carballal, with imagery of pyramids and a celestial phenomenon.

Page 4 displays the cover of a book titled "SICARIOS ASESINOS A SUELDO" (Hitmen for Hire) by Pilar Abeijón, with the tagline "¿SABES CUANTO VALE TU VIDA?" (Do you know how much your life is worth?).

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine appears to focus on unexplained phenomena, historical mysteries, and investigative journalism related to these topics. The editorial stance, as demonstrated in this article, is one of critical analysis, seeking to reconcile witness testimony with official findings and scientific explanations, while acknowledging the possibility of genuine unexplained events. The tribute to Manuel Osuna suggests an appreciation for dedicated researchers in the field of ufology.