Dossiers Ovni Presence - No 4

Magazine Overview

This issue of OVNI-PRESENCE, dated 1988 and identified as issue number 4, delves into a complex debate surrounding the psycho-sociological hypothesis (HPS) as an explanation for Unidentified Flying Object (UFO) phenomena. The core of the issue is an article by Thierry Pinvidic, responding to an earlier piece by Jacques Scornaux titled "L'hypothèse psychosociologique : commencement de la fin ou fin du commencement ?" (The Psycho-sociological Hypothesis: Beginning of the End or End of the Beginning?). The magazine's cover prominently features this question, suggesting it is the lead topic.

L'hypothèse psycho-sociologique : commencement de la fin ou fin du commencement ? (The Psycho-sociological Hypothesis: Beginning of the End or End of the Beginning?)

Jacques Scornaux's article, which forms the basis of Pinvidic's response, argues that many UFO sightings, even those considered extraordinary, can be explained by psycho-social factors. He posits that these phenomena are often the result of misinterpretations of known events, or significant distortions of perception influenced by popular myths and rumors, rather than evidence of extraterrestrial visitation. Scornaux acknowledges that this hypothesis faces strong resistance from many ufologists, who fear it might reduce the study of UFOs to a mere branch of sociology, thereby undermining ufology as an autonomous discipline. He describes this fear as a "legitimate and reasonable concern," but argues that the HPS should be approached scientifically, as a potential explanation among others, rather than dogmatically.

Scornaux highlights that the HPS is supported by the examination of facts, citing numerous cases that were initially considered 'hard core' UFO reports but were later explained by psycho-social factors. These include cases from Salem, Prémanon, mining areas, astronaut observations, Taizé, Turin, and Genoa (the Zanfretta affair). He notes that the characteristics of explained cases are often indistinguishable from those that remain unexplained, suggesting a common underlying mechanism.

Pinvidic's introduction to the article explains that he initially reacted to Scornaux's piece in INFORESPACE, but his text was rejected for being too long and too distant from typical ufological concerns. OVNI-PRESENCE offered him the platform to publish his response, which necessitated reproducing Scornaux's original article in full.

The "Semantic Parenthesis" and the Reluctance of Social Scientists

Both Scornaux and Pinvidic discuss the general disinterest and even hostility from social scientists towards the study of UFO phenomena. Scornaux notes the scarcity of academic works on UFOs from a human sciences perspective, with notable exceptions like Carl Jung's work and collections edited by Richard Haines and others. He points out that even when social scientists do address UFOs, it's often through the lens of psychology, focusing on the believers or cults rather than the phenomenon itself.

Pinvidic elaborates on this, suggesting that the reluctance stems from a deep-seated rationalist bias in Western society, which prioritizes logical and economic explanations. He argues that phenomena like UFOs, which challenge this rationalist worldview, are often relegated to a "semantic parenthesis" – deliberately ignored or excluded from serious academic discourse. This is further compounded by the fear that studying the irrational aspects of human behavior could undermine the foundations of democracy, which is often predicated on the idea of a rational citizenry.

Pinvidic also touches upon the potential subversive power of social sciences if they were to adopt a non-reductionist approach, capable of dissecting the irrational underpinnings of societal structures and beliefs. This, he suggests, could be perceived as a threat by established powers.

The Uncomfortable Paradox of the Militant Rationalist

The article critiques the "Union Rationaliste" for its perceived inconsistency. While this group often dismisses ufologists, it has also lent its support to works that, according to the authors, inadvertently bolster the HPS or highlight the prevalence of myths and irrational beliefs in society. The authors find it paradoxical that rationalists, who champion the idea of a rational human being, would not more readily embrace the HET (Hypothesis of Extraterrestrial Visitation), which they see as more compatible with a rationalist worldview than the HPS.

The Power of Contemporary Myths

Scornaux defines a myth as a common belief that contradicts objective reality. He argues that myths and beliefs, though often irrational, are powerful forces that shape human behavior and societal structures. He provides examples of how myths can influence perceptions, citing the case of the "Jersey Devil," phantom vessels, and lake monsters as instances of perceptual phenomena influenced by myth.

The UFO Phenomenon as a Case Study

The authors contend that the UFO phenomenon, due to its relative recency, widespread nature, and perceptual impact, offers a unique opportunity to study the formation and function of myths. They suggest that by understanding the psycho-social aspects of UFO reports, we can gain deeper insights into the irrational elements that permeate modern society, potentially leading to a more critical understanding of our own beliefs and societal structures.

Conclusion

The issue concludes with a call for ufologists to reconsider their skepticism towards the HPS. While acknowledging that the HPS might be less exciting than the prospect of extraterrestrial visitors, the authors argue that it has profound implications for understanding society. They emphasize that the HPS is not necessarily reductionist and can be seen as complementary to other hypotheses, including the extraterrestrial one. By rigorously analyzing the psycho-social components of UFO reports, researchers can better isolate the truly inexplicable phenomena, thereby strengthening the overall study of ufology.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue are the psycho-sociological hypothesis (HPS) as an explanation for UFO phenomena, the sociology of belief and myth, the critique of rationalism in scientific discourse, and the challenges faced by researchers studying unconventional topics. The editorial stance appears to be one of advocating for a more open and scientific approach to ufology, encouraging the integration of psycho-social explanations and a critical examination of societal biases that hinder the study of phenomena like UFOs. The magazine seems to position itself as a platform for in-depth, specialized discussions that may not find a home in more mainstream ufological publications.

This issue of Inforespace, identified as HS nº 8 and dated December 1984, is a Belgian publication written in French. It features a significant debate on the nature of ufology, particularly focusing on the "Hypothèse Psycho-Sociologique" (HPS) and its implications.

Article 1: "LES CONTES (*) D'UN SCIKUR DE BRANCHES" by Jacques Scornaux

This article, presented as a response to a previous piece by Jacques Scornaux, delves into the methodological and epistemological challenges of studying UFO phenomena. The author agrees with Scornaux's introduction and conclusion that HPS, when used as a primary hypothesis, is not inherently dangerous and can be a tool for research. However, the author seeks to nuance Scornaux's arguments regarding the "intrinsic originality of the phenomenon" and the "ultimate foundations" of the "semantic parenthesis" that allegedly confines ufological debate.

The author argues that the perceived originality of UFOs, even if psychosocial, is not unique. They highlight how cultural substrates, social pressure, and media influence can shape the perception of ambiguous stimuli, particularly in anxious observation conditions. The author suggests that the OVNI phenomenon can be understood as a recently constituted folklore, with physical "evidence" often being testimonial and subject to cultural interpretation. The "perception of phenomena strongly acted upon by cultural substrates and so widespread," as Scornaux noted, is presented as a characteristic common to all folklore.

The author posits that the OVNI phenomenon is essentially a "popular knowledge" or folklore related to aerospace events, formed around the mid-20th century. They differentiate this from the "new school" of ufology, which they describe as pragmatic skeptics, and the "physicist" current represented by P. Deboodt.

Article 2: "LES RAISONS DE LA "PARENTHESE SEMANTIQUE""

This section, likely a continuation or a separate article by the same author, explores the reasons behind the marginalization of UFO studies within the scientific community, referred to as a "semantic parenthesis." Several factors are discussed:

• Ignorance of "ufological rumor": The scientific community may underestimate the importance of widespread UFO reports.
• Lack of scientific literature: There are few references to UFOs in mainstream scientific literature, particularly in social sciences.
• Poor information: Scientists who do engage with ufology may be poorly informed.
• Sociological factors: The phenomenon might be perceived as a "fad," lacking research funding, or not offering a "pay-off" comparable to more established fields.
• Prestige hierarchy: UFO studies are often relegated to "low culture" alongside other fringe topics, unlike "high culture" subjects.
• Fear of ridicule: Academics may fear being stigmatized for researching UFOs.
• Methodological limitations: Social scientists may struggle to address the physical aspects of UFOs, often deferring to "specialists" and creating a gap.

The author critiques the idea of a "systematic rejection" by institutions, suggesting that the situation is more prosaic and stems from a combination of factors related to the functioning of science, researchers' personal choices, and cultural biases.

Article 3: "SCIENCES SOCIALES ET IDEOLOGIES ANTILIBERALES"

This part of the discussion examines the link between social sciences and anti-liberal ideologies. The author critiques the idea, put forth by authors like Todd and Sternhell, that psychology's focus on the irrational and the unconscious paved the way for fascism. The author argues that Freud and Durkheim, by studying these aspects, actually helped to counter more overtly spiritualist or occultist influences that could have been more detrimental to democratic thought.

The author expresses a critical view of psychoanalysis, seeing it more as a system than a theory, but acknowledges Freud's role in popularizing the concept of the unconscious and Durkheim's contribution to establishing sociology as an independent discipline with a focus on methodology.

Article 4: "L'EMERGENCE D'UNE SOCIOLOGIE "NON REDUCTIONNISTE" REELLEMENT FONDEE"

This section discusses the emergence of a "non-reductionist" sociology, particularly in the United States. The author traces the historical development from the Enlightenment and Romanticism through positivism to the rise of social sciences and psychology. They argue that advancements in biology and psychology have led to a more nuanced understanding of the individual, moving beyond the simplistic "homo-economicus" model. This, in turn, allows for a more comprehensive study of the paranormal, including UFO phenomena.

Article 5: "DE QUELQUES IDEES ERRONNEES ET DE QUELQUES CONTRADICTIONS"

This section directly addresses perceived errors and contradictions in Jacques Scornaux's arguments. The author questions Scornaux's assertion that certain ideas could be dangerous to democracy and that a "taboo" exists around UFOs in scientific circles. The author advocates for open discussion of all truths, even those that might be unsettling, arguing that censorship is a totalitarian tool.

They criticize the idea that scientists should refrain from discussing certain topics for the sake of democracy, suggesting this leads to a paradox where those who advocate for censorship might themselves resort to totalitarian methods. The author champions the principle of free speech, echoing Voltaire's sentiment: "I detest what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it."

The author also touches upon the idea that the "return to the irrational" in the US might be linked to a resurgence of conservatism and nationalism. They suggest that the study of folklore and the irrational is historically tied to national identity, particularly in Protestant cultures that emphasize social success.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue revolve around the epistemological status of ufology, its relationship with folklore and popular culture, and the sociological and methodological barriers that hinder its acceptance within mainstream science. The authors advocate for a more open, critical, and interdisciplinary approach to studying UFO phenomena, while cautioning against the dangers of censorship and the oversimplification of complex social and scientific issues. The editorial stance appears to favor a nuanced, evidence-based approach that acknowledges both the potential for psychosocial explanations and the need for continued, open research.

This issue of Inforespace, dated June 1984, delves into a complex debate surrounding the intersection of social sciences, the paranormal, and scientific methodology, with a particular focus on critiquing the work of Jacques Scornaux. The magazine adopts a critical and analytical tone, exploring themes of epistemology, cultural beliefs, and the nature of scientific inquiry.

Critique of Jacques Scornaux's Views

The central argument revolves around Jacques Scornaux's perspective on the 'subversive' power of social sciences and his approach to UFO phenomena. The author contends that Scornaux's critique is selective and potentially flawed, particularly his focus on social sciences while seemingly overlooking similar issues in other scientific domains. A key point of contention is Scornaux's idea of separating 'truth' from 'goodness,' which the author finds dangerous, likening it to a position that could justify censorship.

Scornaux's example of Margaret Mead's work on the 'noble savage' is used to illustrate how a truth, even if initially controversial, should ideally triumph within a democratic framework. The author argues that suppressing such truths under the guise of protecting democracy would lead to a more dangerous totalitarianism.

The article also criticizes Scornaux for ignoring the potential implications of quantum mechanics (specifically the EPR paradox) for parapsychology, while focusing his critique solely on the human sciences. This selective focus is seen as a peculiar omission.

Furthermore, the author addresses Scornaux's definition of belief, which hinges on the absence of reason. This definition is deemed anti-historicist and anti-cultural, reflecting an outdated notion of reason inherited from the Enlightenment.

The Role of UFOs in Myth Studies

A significant section explores the role of UFOs in the study of myths. The article posits that UFO phenomena, being a contemporary 'folklore in the making,' offer a valuable opportunity for folklorists to study the formation and structure of myths in real-time. This approach is aligned with Arnold Van Gennep's recommendation to study nascent folklore.

Examples of 'perceptual myths' are discussed, including the New Jersey devil, lake monsters, and phantom airships, suggesting that these themes are not unique to specific locations but are part of broader mythological patterns.

Scientific Methodology and Cultural Context

The issue emphasizes the importance of understanding the cultural and historical context of scientific knowledge. It critiques the idea of scientific neutrality and highlights how social sciences, by their nature, are deeply embedded in societal values and power structures. The author argues that social scientists are often more aware of the limitations of their discourse than scientists in 'hard' fields due to the inherent complexity and evolving nature of their disciplines.

The article touches upon the 'inconfortable paradoxe du rationaliste militant' and the challenges faced by social sciences in gaining recognition and acceptance, especially when dealing with topics like the paranormal.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue include the sociology of science, the nature of belief and knowledge, the critique of rationalism, and the study of myths and folklore. The editorial stance is critical and analytical, advocating for a nuanced understanding of scientific inquiry that acknowledges cultural and historical influences. It champions a more open and less dogmatic approach to research, encouraging the discussion of potentially controversial topics without succumbing to selective critique or ideological biases. The author stresses the importance of not reinforcing 'taboos' but rather engaging with them critically and comprehensively.

The issue also touches upon the societal perception of social scientists, noting that they are often viewed with suspicion by both the dominant class and the general public due to their role in uncovering societal mechanisms and challenging established norms. The article concludes by emphasizing that while social sciences can be 'subversive' in the sense of destabilizing unquestioned beliefs, the idea of a unified 'sociological conspiracy' to destabilize society is rejected.

This document is a single page from what appears to be a publication titled 'Les Cahiers Martiens', focusing on contact information and copyright details. The page is primarily administrative, providing details for the publisher, the Observatoire des Parasciences, and outlining strict rules regarding the online distribution of the magazine's digital version.

Contact Information

The Observatoire des Parasciences is located at PO Box 80057 - La Plaine, FR - 13244 Marseille Cedex 01, France. Their contact email is [email protected]. Several URLs are provided for accessing content related to the publication:

• General articles: http://articles.lescahiers.net/?z=i2040
• 'Ovni-Présence' section: http://lescahiers.net/CatalogueMartien/OP.html
• 'Anomalies' section: http://lescahiers.net/CatalogueMartien/Anomalies.html

Copyright and Distribution Notice

A significant portion of the page is dedicated to a legal notice in both French and English, emphasizing the copyright restrictions on the digital version of the publication. It states that retrieving and uploading the digital version to any website, blog, social network, or personal site is strictly prohibited. The only authorized online publication is specified to be on the AFU (Archives For the Unexplained) website. Any other unauthorized distribution is considered copyright infringement and will be subject to legal prosecution.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

While this page does not contain articles, the provided links and the magazine's title suggest a focus on UFOs ('Ovni-Présence'), anomalies, and potentially related paranormal or scientific investigations. The editorial stance, as indicated by the copyright notice, is protective of its intellectual property and aims to control the dissemination of its content, directing readers to official channels for online access.