Deguforum - Issue 35 - 2002

Magazine Overview

Title: DEGUFORUM
Issue: Nr. 35
Volume: 9. Jahrgang
Date: September 2002
Publisher: DEGUFO e.V. (German Society for UFO Research)
Content Focus: Zeitschrift der Deutschsprachigen Gesellschaft für UFO-Forschung DEGUFO e.V. für Philosophie, Natur- und Grenzwissenschaften (Journal of the German-speaking Society for UFO Research DEGUFO e.V. for Philosophy, Nature, and Borderline Sciences).

Cover Story: Entführt von Außerirdischen! Illusion oder Wirklichkeit?

This issue's top theme, authored by Dr. med. Dipl.-Phys. Jens Waldeck, delves into the phenomenon of alien abductions. Waldeck questions the scientific community's ability to address this topic, noting that many individuals claim to have been abducted and subjected to medical examinations aboard UFOs. He highlights the difficulty in scientifically validating physical evidence such as scars or foreign bodies, as their origin is often hard to determine. Waldeck also questions the rationale behind hundreds of alleged abductions per year in the USA, suggesting that if they cannot be scientifically or rationally explained, perhaps they are merely irrational beliefs or symptoms of psychological disorders. He introduces the work of New York psychiatrist Rima Laibow, who uses psychometric tests like the MMPI, HAWI, TAT, and Rorschach test to establish psychological profiles and identify potential psychoses or neuroses in individuals reporting abductions. The article also touches upon the historical context of UFO beliefs, referencing figures like George Adamski.

Other Articles and Features

Politik und UFOs - Mündige Bürger oder Melkkühe der Nationen?

Helmut Kopiecky explores the intersection of politics and UFOs, posing whether citizens are empowered or exploited.

PSI - was ist das?

Edgar Wunder provides fundamental concepts of parapsychology in this section.

Und sie fliegen doch...! Sichtungen und Erlebnisse aus Deutschland und aller Welt

This section compiles UFO sighting reports. One report details a New Year's Eve 2001 sighting in Ebersberg, Germany, where a round, yellow object performed high-speed maneuvers. The DEGUFO response suggests it might have been a firework, but the witness insists it was not. Another report from Lübeck in July 2002 describes two police officers and discotheque guests witnessing a circular object with flames at a high altitude, moving at high speed. While local media suggested a 'party balloon,' the police officer interviewed by DEGUFO found it too fast and its flight path too controlled to be a balloon.

Highspeed-Lichtpunkte an der Schleimündung 7/02

A report from Maasholm describes observing numerous fast-moving, orange, blinking light points. The DEGUFO response explains that such phenomena are typically filtered out by radar systems unless they meet specific criteria (altitude, speed, size) and are often classified as 'angels.' Military radar also records them but dismisses them due to the sheer volume.

Eine schaukelnde Scheibe Bodensee 2001

An account from May 2001 describes a large, dark, rocking, and tilting object observed near Lake Constance. The object was described as having a silver-red sheen and rotating on its axis. The DEGUFO suggests it might have been a hot air balloon due to its rocking motion and possible 'capsule' attachment, but the witness strongly refutes this, describing it as a solid, metallic body.

Rugbyförmiges Objekt Eckental 8/96

This report details an August 1996 sighting in Eckental where a silent, glowing, rugby-shaped object moved at high speed, stopped, and then accelerated away. The witness experienced severe nausea and headaches afterward, linking it to the UFO encounter.

Nobelpreisträger entführt

This article recounts the alleged abduction of Nobel laureate Kary Mullis (Chemistry, 1993). Mullis describes an incident in 1985 where he encountered a bright light and subsequently found himself on a road miles from his cabin, with no memory of how he got there. He notes the unexplained drying of a patch of forest and his daughter's similar disappearance. Mullis concludes that while science may label such events as anecdotes due to their unreproducible nature, he does not doubt what happened, speculating about multidimensional physics and the possibility of interdimensional exchanges.

Viehverstümmelungen in Argentinien halten an

This section reports on the ongoing phenomenon of cattle mutilations in Argentina, noting 394 cases by July 2002. It details specific incidents in Salta province where cows were found mutilated, with missing body parts and no signs of struggle or scavenging. The article also mentions a strange event in Cordoba where 19 cattle were found in a water tank, with some dead from suffocation and others suffering from hypothermia. The possibility of teleportation as a cause is raised.

Kornschändung... - eine rückblickende Analyse von Andreas Müller

Andreas Müller of invisible(circle critically analyzes a report on crop circles from the TV show "planetopia" on SAT 1. Müller accuses the show of biased and sensationalist journalism, claiming that "planetopia" misrepresented the research, focused on alleged fakes, and downplayed genuine crop circle phenomena. He details how the production team allegedly worked with him under false pretenses, promising a balanced report but instead emphasizing hoaxes and misrepresenting facts, such as the time taken to create a crop circle formation.

Wer entdeckte wirklich die Marsmonde?

An article by Peter Hattwig and Wolfgang Szarafinski discusses the discovery of Mars' moons.

Aktuelle Bücherschau

This section reviews books, including "Unheimliche Begegnungen der 5. Art" by Hartwig Hausdorf and "UFO - Anatomie eines Phänomens" by Dennis Kirstein.

Wissenschaft und Technik

This section touches upon scientific topics such as the existence of 30 billion earth-like planets, potential contact with extraterrestrials, the mystery of an Inca city, and the Tunguska explosion.

DEGUFO Intern: Einladung zur Mitgliederversammlung

The issue includes an invitation to the DEGUFO e.V. members' meeting on October 19-20, 2002, in Bad Kreuznach. The agenda includes reports, elections, discussions about the upcoming 10th-anniversary event in 2003, and presentations by Werner Betz on archaeological finds related to ancient alien visits, and Jens Waldeck on 'Alien Contacts – Levels of Encounter.' A screening of a 'Moon Video' with UFO analysis by Reinhard Nühlen is also scheduled, followed by a joint dinner. The meeting will conclude with the first Bad Kreuznach UFO meet-up on October 20.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue are UFO sightings, alien abductions, and the investigation of anomalous phenomena. The editorial stance appears to be one of open inquiry into these subjects, presenting various accounts and perspectives while also critically examining them, as seen in the analysis of the "planetopia" report and the discussion of scientific vs. psychological explanations for alleged abductions. DEGUFO actively engages with its readers by publishing their reports and providing responses, encouraging documentation and further investigation.

Title: Entführungsforschung
Issue Date: September 2002
Publisher: DEGUFORUM
Country: Germany
Language: German

This issue of "Entführungsforschung" (Abduction Research) delves into the multifaceted phenomenon of UFO abductions, exploring psychological, therapeutic, and even astronomical aspects. It presents research that challenges skepticism by framing abduction experiences within the context of recognized psychological conditions like Post-Traumatic Stress Syndrome (PTSS).

Scientific Perspectives on Abductions

The magazine highlights the work of researchers who have moved the study of UFO abductions into more mainstream scientific discourse. It references the critical stance of Rima E. Laibow against the automatic labeling of abduction claimants as mentally ill, emphasizing that such diagnoses can be counterproductive. Instead, Laibow's work, supported by further investigations, points towards PTSS as a common diagnosis among alleged abductees. The article explains that PTSS symptoms, such as sleep disturbances and recurring nightmares, are similar to those experienced by soldiers or victims of natural disasters, suggesting a common underlying trauma response.

Professors David M. Jacobs (Temple University) and John E. Mack (Harvard University) are cited for their extensive research, with Jacobs analyzing over 100 cases to create a detailed picture of alien abductions. Dr. Leo Sprinkle, a psychology professor at the University of Wyoming, studied 2,000 abductees and found no significant personality deviations that would suggest a tendency towards fantasy or neurotic/psychotic reactions. Supporting work from Dr. James Harder and Dr. Thomas E. Bullard, who conducted extensive interviews and comparative studies, is also mentioned. Bullard's research, in particular, refutes the idea of abduction phenomena being mere 'hysteria' by demonstrating a consistent pattern across numerous cases, regardless of their reported date.

The Problem of Abduction and Psychotrauma

Part II of the issue, titled "Abduction and Psychotrauma - Life Assistance," focuses on the therapeutic challenges posed by abduction experiences. While much literature discusses the theoretical background, specific therapeutic interventions are often lacking. The article notes that treating abduction symptoms as psychosis or PTSS with conventional methods, such as medication, has shown limited success. Hypnosis, regression, and self-help groups offer some relief, but a truly effective therapeutic intervention remains elusive.

The core problem is formulated as understanding why existing therapeutic approaches repeatedly fail. The issue explores the idea that the problem might lie in how we conceptualize abduction experiences, questioning whether the focus should solely be on the existence of UFO abductions or on the nature of the experience itself.

Towards Integrated Therapeutic Solutions

The analysis of therapeutic failures suggests a need for new approaches. The article discusses the limitations of purely rational or scientific viewpoints, contrasting radical constructivism (emphasizing only the inner world) with positivism (emphasizing only the outer world). It proposes that a more comprehensive theory must integrate both inner and outer world perspectives. This integration is seen as crucial for developing effective therapies that acknowledge the reality of the abductee's experience.

Several researchers and psychologists are featured, including Arthur Schopenhauer, Ken Wilber, Carl Rogers, and Reinhardt Tausch, whose ideas on consciousness, psychology, and therapy inform the discussion. The concept of 'subpersonalities' is introduced as a way to understand the fragmented nature of the self, particularly in the context of trauma. The article suggests that conventional therapies often fail because they do not adequately address these deeper layers of consciousness.

Core Transformation and Integral Therapies

A significant portion of the issue is dedicated to the 'Core Transformation' method, developed by Connirae Andreas and Tamara Andreas. This technique involves working with 'subpersonalities' (or 'parts') to uncover their positive intentions and transform them into a 'Core State' characterized by peace, harmony, and unity. The process involves a series of questions to uncover the underlying purpose of each part, leading to a profound shift in perspective on the original problem.

The article also touches upon the integration of inner and outer worlds, drawing parallels with concepts from quantum physics, such as Schrödinger's cat, to illustrate how seemingly contradictory states can coexist. The idea is that by embracing a multiperspective view, one can reconcile different aspects of reality.

The Role of the Common Sense and Existential Levels

The concept of 'Common Sense' is frequently invoked, suggesting that while scientific and philosophical frameworks may differ, a basic, intuitive understanding of reality often bridges these divides. The magazine argues that moving towards an 'existential common sense' is necessary to fully grasp the abduction phenomenon. This involves accepting that inner and outer realities are interconnected and that our perception of the world is a construct.

Astronomy Feature: The Mars Moons

Beyond the abduction research, the issue includes an article by Dr. Peter Hattwig titled "Who Really Discovered the Mars Moons?" This piece examines the discovery of Mars' moons, Phobos and Deimos, by Asaph Hall in 1877. It raises a fascinating question: could Jonathan Swift have described these moons in his 1726 work, "Gulliver's Travels"? The article compares Swift's descriptions of two Martian satellites, their orbital periods, and relative distances with modern astronomical data. While the numbers differ significantly, the article suggests that Swift's detailed account, published over 150 years before Hall's discovery, warrants consideration and raises intriguing questions about the historical awareness of these celestial bodies.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue revolve around the psychological impact of extraordinary experiences, particularly UFO abductions. The magazine advocates for a scientific and therapeutic approach that moves beyond dismissal and embraces the complexity of these phenomena. It emphasizes the importance of integrating different perspectives—psychological, philosophical, and even astronomical—to gain a more complete understanding. The editorial stance appears to be one of open-minded inquiry, seeking to validate the experiences of abductees by framing them within recognized psychological frameworks and exploring innovative therapeutic solutions. The inclusion of the article on Mars' moons suggests a broader interest in unexplained phenomena and historical anomalies.

This issue of DEGUFORUM, dated September 2002, is titled "POLITIK UND UFOS" (Politics and UFOs) and features a subtitle "MÜNDIGE BÜRGER ODER MELKKÜHE DER NATIONEN?" (Responsible Citizens or Milk Cows of the Nations?) by Helmut Kopiecky. The magazine delves into the intersection of political discourse and the phenomenon of unidentified flying objects (UFOs), exploring themes of conspiracy, scientific inquiry into anomalies, and potential extraterrestrial contact.

Article 1: The Mars Moons and Jonathan Swift

The first article speculates on the possibility that an unknown astronomer, rather than Jonathan Swift, may have discovered the two moons of Mars. It posits that if an astronomer with a powerful telescope in a clear night before 1726 had observed the moons' rapid orbits, they could have deduced their existence. The author suggests that Swift's description of the moons' distances might have been misinterpreted, and that by assuming a smaller Martian diameter (4,000 km instead of the actual 6,794 km), the calculated orbital radii could align more closely with Swift's reported figures. However, the article concludes that this remains an unprovable speculation, and that the astronomical data, while showing some discrepancies, is not necessarily a mere coincidence, especially when considering the context of "Gulliver's Travels" and the limited observational technology of the time.

Article 2: Politics and UFOs - Responsible Citizens or Milk Cows of the Nations?

Helmut Kopiecky's article explores the historical context of societal rebellion and the manipulation of truth, arguing that power dictates what is considered 'right'. He extends this to science, suggesting that established theories, like Einstein's relativity, are treated as dogma, with dissenting views suppressed. The author connects this to UFO phenomena, questioning why governments, particularly the USA with its CIA and NSA, would actively deny the existence of phenomena like Area 51, despite photographic evidence. Kopiecky suggests this secrecy is driven by the pursuit of power and capital accumulation, which requires economic growth and resource exploitation, and that public awareness of superior extraterrestrial civilizations could disrupt this system.

He argues that extraterrestrial visitors, unlike humans, have not used their advanced technology for warfare, implying a higher ethical and spiritual maturity. He contrasts this with human history, marked by wars driven by greed and power, citing the Iraq war as an example. Kopiecky criticizes the scientific establishment for denying UFOs based on the principle of "what cannot be, must not be," and suggests that a full disclosure of information would lead to a global "culture shock," forcing a reevaluation of science, religion, and humanity's place in the universe.

Article 3: The Breaking of Civilizations

This section draws historical parallels to the potential societal impact of encountering a superior extraterrestrial civilization, using the colonization of the Americas as an example. It describes how technologically inferior indigenous populations were subjugated and their cultures destroyed by European colonizers. The author suggests that a similar fate could befall humanity if a more advanced alien civilization were to arrive with aggressive intentions, leading to a breakdown of existing societal structures and a loss of cultural identity.

Article 4: Reasons for Politics

This part of the article discusses why politicians might choose to keep the public uninformed about UFOs and potential extraterrestrial contact. The author suggests that such revelations could cause a global "culture shock," leading to mass hysteria, rebellion, and depression, potentially destabilizing societies. While acknowledging the growing public curiosity and the efforts of initiatives like the SETI project, the article implies that a gradual, controlled release of information is preferred by those in power, akin to transitioning from a "baby food" diet to solid food.

Article 5: Wishes and Approaches

The author expresses a desire for greater transparency from political representatives regarding UFO phenomena. He believes that increased knowledge would positively alter humanity's psychological stance towards extraterrestrial intelligence. Initiatives like SETI are mentioned as examples of efforts to detect extraterrestrial signals, though the immense cost and the vastness of space are acknowledged.

Article 6: The Question of Maturity

This section prompts readers to consider their own "maturity" in relation to politics and science. The author defines maturity as the ability to critically examine information without bias. He criticizes those who passively accept all information presented to them, labeling them as unimaginative and uncritical. The importance of healthy skepticism, constructive criticism, and respectful dialogue is emphasized as the means to effect change. The author laments the current state of scientific discourse, where established theories are defended dogmatically, and dissenting voices are often silenced or denigrated. He also criticizes politicians for deliberately keeping citizens misinformed, prioritizing their own careers over the well-being of their nations.

Book Review: "UFO - Anatomy of a Phenomenon"

This review discusses Dennis Kirstein's book, "UFO - Anatomy of a Phenomenon: Handbook for the Investigation of Unidentified Flying Objects." The reviewer notes the book's aim to provide a comprehensive guide for both novice and experienced UFO investigators. It covers the definition and classification of UFOs, statistical overviews of sightings, and characteristics of various phenomena. The review highlights the book's discussion of "contactees" like George Adamski and Eduard Billy Meier, and the Roswell incident. However, it also points out some shortcomings, such as the use of potentially confusing language, the inclusion of subjective interpretations in image captions, and a perceived bias in the "Information" section, which lists only skeptical organizations.

Book Review: "Unheimliche Begegnungen der 5. Art" (Uncanny Encounters of the 5th Kind)

This review covers Hartwig Hausdorf's book, which focuses on the darker side of the UFO phenomenon: "Uncanny Encounters of the 5th Kind." These encounters involve direct contact with UFOs or their occupants, resulting in physical harm, such as burns, radiation, and even death. Hausdorf argues that these phenomena are a serious threat that can no longer be ignored. The book details cases of people being hit by light beams, suffering burns, and experiencing symptoms like headaches and hair loss. It also mentions cases of aircraft being affected by UFOs, including the Mantell tragedy. The review notes that the book discusses cattle mutilations and human mutilations, particularly in Brazil, linking them to UFO attacks. Hausdorf concludes that these events reveal a profound indifference to life on Earth by responsible entities, and that understanding the intentions of these alien beings is crucial.

Book Review: "Conspiracy Theories, Anthropological Constants, Historical Variants"

This review discusses a volume edited by Caumanns and Niendorf, which compiles interdisciplinary research on conspiracy theories. The book examines the psychological and social aspects of conspiracy theories, their prevalence during crises, and their historical manifestations, from medieval witch hunts to the reunification of Germany and the "Protocols of the Elders of Zion." It explores the connection between individual psychopathology and conspiracy theories, and how these theories have evolved from metaphysical to inner-worldly concerns.

Science and Technology Section

Scientists on Extraterrestrial Life

This section reports on the views of astrobiologist Gerda Horneck, who believes it is highly probable that life exists elsewhere in the universe, though likely simple microbial life rather than intelligent beings. Despite the lack of direct evidence, scientists are focusing their search on Mars due to the confirmed presence of water and past conditions favorable to life. The ESA's Mars Express mission is mentioned as part of this effort.

30 Billion Earth-like Planets?

Astronomers estimate that there could be billions of Earth-like planets in our Milky Way galaxy, based on the discovery of over a hundred exoplanets. While most discovered exoplanets are gas giants, the data suggests a significant number of smaller, potentially habitable planets. Future space telescopes are needed to confirm the existence of Earth-sized planets.

Soon Contact with Extraterrestrials?

Scientists involved in the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) are optimistic about finding intelligent life in the universe within the next 25 years, thanks to technological advancements. SETI uses radio telescopes to search for artificial signals from distant star systems. The article mentions the Allen Telescope Array, a new network of satellite dishes designed to significantly increase the search capacity.

Anomalistics Section

Fortbildungseminar "Parapsychologie" (Advanced Seminar "Parapsychology")

This section summarizes a seminar on parapsychology and UFO research. The author attended the seminar, which featured presentations by Edgar Wunder (sociologist) and Alexander Schestag (psychologist). The seminar covered topics such as the definition of "Psi," the history and methods of parapsychology, research findings, skeptical arguments, and the societal position of parapsychology.

"Psi - What is it? - Basic Concepts of Parapsychology"

Edgar Wunder's presentation focused on defining terms in parapsychology. He discussed the term "parapsychology" itself, its origins, and its advantages as a provisional term for an unknown field of study. Wunder emphasized that parapsychology does not postulate supernatural forces but rather investigates phenomena that deviate from normal psychological, biological, or physical principles. He noted the evolution of the term and its adoption by the scientific community.

"Paranormal"

The term "paranormal" was introduced by Ducasse in 1951, distinguishing it from "supernatural." Initially defined as phenomena not yet explainable by conventional science, Ducasse later refined it to refer to phenomena that seem to contradict "Basic Limiting Principles" (BLPs) of our cognitive systems. The article points out the difficulty in establishing universal BLPs and the relative nature of what is considered paranormal across cultures, leading to the term's decline in usage.

"Anomaly" and "Anomalistics"

Thomas Kuhn's concepts of "anomaly" and "anomalistics" are discussed. An anomaly is defined as an observation that contradicts existing theoretical frameworks, for which no explanation is yet available. Anomalistics is presented as an interdisciplinary field dedicated to studying such anomalous phenomena. The article clarifies that anomalies are not inherently supernatural but are defined in relation to a specific theoretical system. It also distinguishes anomalistics from "pop-anomalistics" and highlights its connection to other disciplines.

"Telepathy, Clairvoyance, Precognition, Psychokinesis, Extrasensory Perception"

These terms, largely associated with J.B. Rhine, are discussed in terms of their operational definitions. The article notes the theoretical problems arising from these terms, such as implicit assumptions and the difficulty in distinguishing between different phenomena (e.g., telepathy and clairvoyance). Rhine's eventual preference for the broader term "Extrasensory Perception" (ESP) is mentioned, though even this term is seen as potentially problematic.

"Psi"

The term "Psi" is presented as a replacement for the more specific terms, arising from the problems associated with them. It is described as a designation for a class of anomalies and a hypothetical underlying process. The article emphasizes that "Psi" is purely descriptive and does not explain anything; it merely indicates that a phenomenon requires scientific explanation. The potential for confusion between description and explanation is highlighted, and the article notes that the term "Psi" has been increasingly abandoned by parapsychologists since the late 1980s.

Conclusions

The article concludes that negative definitions are a significant obstacle to the development of parapsychology. It advocates for process-oriented research over proof-oriented research. While parapsychological research may establish the existence of certain phenomena, their implications remain open-ended and could be revolutionary. The renaming of the "Forum Parawissenschaften e. V." to "Gesellschaft für Anomalistik e. V." is mentioned as a consequence of these definitional challenges.

Literature Recommendations

The issue includes a list of recommended books on parapsychology, including works by Walter von Lucadou, Hellmut Hofmann & Peter Mulasz, Harvey J. Irvin, and Dean Radin.

Book Review: "UFO - Anatomy of a Phenomenon"

This review of Dennis Kirstein's book "UFO - Anatomy of a Phenomenon" highlights its value as a handbook for UFO investigation. It covers the definition and classification of UFOs, statistical overviews, and the characteristics of various phenomena. The reviewer notes the book's discussion of "contactees" and the Roswell incident, but also points out some criticisms regarding the use of potentially confusing language and a perceived bias in the presentation of skeptical organizations.

Book Review: "Unheimliche Begegnungen der 5. Art" (Uncanny Encounters of the 5th Kind)

This review of Hartwig Hausdorf's book focuses on the dangerous aspects of UFO encounters, termed "5th kind" encounters, which involve physical harm. Hausdorf argues that these phenomena are a serious threat, detailing cases of burns, radiation exposure, and even death. The book also covers cattle mutilations and human mutilations, particularly in Brazil, linking them to UFO attacks. The reviewer concludes that these events suggest a profound indifference to life on Earth by unknown entities.

Book Review: "Conspiracy Theories, Anthropological Constants, Historical Variants"

This review discusses a volume edited by Caumanns and Niendorf that explores conspiracy theories from an interdisciplinary perspective. It examines the psychological and social factors behind these theories, their historical manifestations, and their connection to societal crises. The book traces conspiracy theories from medieval witch hunts to modern political events.

Science and Technology Section

Scientists on Extraterrestrial Life

A report on astrobiologist Gerda Horneck's view that extraterrestrial life is probable, though likely microbial. The search for life is increasingly focused on Mars due to evidence of past water and potentially habitable conditions. The ESA's Mars Express mission is mentioned.

30 Billion Earth-like Planets?

Astronomers estimate billions of Earth-like planets exist in our galaxy, based on exoplanet discoveries. While most found so far are gas giants, the data suggests a significant number of smaller, potentially habitable worlds. Future telescopes are needed to confirm Earth-sized planets.

Soon Contact with Extraterrestrials?

Scientists at the SETI Institute are optimistic about detecting intelligent extraterrestrial life within 25 years, aided by new technologies like the Allen Telescope Array, which enhances the search for radio signals from distant star systems.

Anomalistics Section

Fortbildungseminar "Parapsychologie"

This section summarizes a seminar on parapsychology and UFO research, detailing presentations on the definition of "Psi," the history and methods of parapsychology, research findings, and the societal context of these studies.

"Psi - What is it? - Basic Concepts of Parapsychology"

Edgar Wunder's presentation defined "parapsychology" as the study of phenomena deviating from normal principles, emphasizing its provisional nature and avoidance of supernatural claims.

"Paranormal"

The term "paranormal" is discussed as distinct from "supernatural," initially referring to phenomena not yet explainable by science. Its usage has declined due to definitional challenges and relativity across cultures.

"Anomaly" and "Anomalistics"

Thomas Kuhn's concepts of "anomaly" (observations contradicting existing theories) and "anomalistics" (the interdisciplinary study of anomalies) are explained. Anomalies are relative to theoretical systems and not inherently supernatural.

"Telepathy, Clairvoyance, Precognition, Psychokinesis, Extrasensory Perception"

These terms are examined for their operational definitions and theoretical challenges, including the difficulty in distinguishing between them and the potential for implicit assumptions.

"Psi"

"Psi" is presented as a broader term adopted to overcome issues with more specific parapsychological terms. It is described as a descriptive label for anomalies requiring scientific explanation, not an explanation itself. The article notes its declining use among parapsychologists.

Conclusions

The section concludes that negative definitions hinder parapsychology's development and advocates for process-oriented research. The renaming of the "Forum Parawissenschaften" to "Gesellschaft für Anomalistik" reflects these challenges.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue of DEGUFORUM revolve around the intersection of politics, unexplained phenomena (UFOs, parapsychology), and the societal implications of potential extraterrestrial contact. The editorial stance appears to favor critical inquiry, transparency, and a scientific approach to anomalous phenomena, while also acknowledging the complexities and controversies surrounding these topics. There is a clear critique of secrecy and manipulation by authorities and a call for greater public awareness and understanding. The magazine also engages with the academic study of these subjects, as evidenced by the book reviews and the summary of the parapsychology seminar.

DEGUFORUM, Issue No. 35, September 2002, is a German-language publication from the DEGUFO e.V. (German Society for UFO Research). The magazine focuses on unexplained phenomena, with this issue highlighting the mystery of the 'Inca City' on Mars and proposing a new theory for the 1908 Tunguska explosion.

The Mystery of the 'Inca City' on Mars Solved?

The lead article discusses the 'Inca City,' a peculiar landscape formation on Mars discovered 30 years ago by astronomers observing Mariner 9 images. This formation, resembling an ancient Inca settlement, has been a subject of speculation regarding its origin. Recent images from the Mars Global Surveyor have provided new insights, revealing that the 'Inca City' is part of a larger, circular structure with a diameter of 86 km. Researchers now believe it is likely an ancient impact crater that was filled with sediments over millions of years and subsequently partially exposed by erosion. The article explains that the right-angled ridges might be due to cracks in the subsurface filled with harder material, which then became exposed as the crater floor eroded. While the exact origin of the 'Inca City' remains a puzzle, the new images place it within a broader geological context, suggesting it is not an artificial structure but a natural Martian landscape.

Tunguska Explosion: Caused by Gas?

This section delves into the enduring mystery of the Tunguska event on June 30, 1908, when an explosion of immense power flattened vast areas of Siberian forest. While the prevailing theories have focused on the atmospheric disintegration of a comet or asteroid, geologist Wladimir Epifanow from the Siberian Research Institute for Geology, Geophysics and Mineralogy in Novosibirsk proposes an alternative explanation: a subterranean gas explosion. Epifanow argues that many facts do not align with an impact scenario, such as the survival of some trees and the pattern of fallen trunks. He notes the absence of any meteorite fragments despite numerous expeditions. Instead, he points to the geological conditions in the region, which are rich in oil, gas, and gas condensates buried under a basalt layer formed about 200 million years ago. Epifanow hypothesizes that gases accumulated under high pressure beneath this basalt layer and found a way to escape upwards in 1908, possibly triggered by a moderate earthquake. This upward jet of gas, mixed with dust particles, could have formed an electrically charged aerosol layer in the upper atmosphere, leading to a spark and igniting the gas stream into a fireball that exploded. This terrestrial origin would explain the lack of impact craters or extraterrestrial fragments.

The article also references a study published in 'Sterne und Weltraum' and discussed in DEGUFORUM 33, which suggests an 83% probability that the Tunguska object originated from the asteroid belt, with only a 17% chance of it being a cometary nucleus. This conclusion is based on detailed analysis of eyewitness accounts, the pattern of fallen trees, and seismological and barometric measurements. The physics of the explosion are also better explained by a stony asteroid being torn apart by air resistance, as opposed to a cometary nucleus which would have exploded at a much higher altitude.

Other Content and Advertisements

The magazine also includes advertisements for services such as philosophical and spiritual counseling, life coaching, dream interpretation, and tarot readings offered by Hans-Joachim Heyer. There is also an advertisement for 'Thomas Ritter Reisen,' offering tours with the writer Thomas Ritter. Book promotions are featured, including Roland Roth's 'Intelligenzen im Kosmos' and Hartwig Hausdorf's 'Knaur-Taschenbuch-Trilogie' on mysteries and phenomena. A preview for the next issue (No. 36) highlights the topic 'Extraterrestrial Contacts: Levels of Encounter' by Jens Waldeck. The magazine also provides contact information for DEGUFO e.V., including its address, phone number, post office account, and website.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

DEGUFORUM consistently explores unexplained phenomena, particularly UFO sightings and related events, while also engaging with broader topics of spirituality, consciousness, and the search for meaning. The editorial stance appears to be one of open inquiry, presenting various theories and research findings, even those that challenge conventional scientific explanations, as seen with the Tunguska gas explosion theory. The magazine encourages reader engagement and provides a platform for discussion on these subjects.