Cryptozoology - Vol 11 - 1992

Magazine Overview

Title: CRYPTOZOOLOGY
Issue: Vol. 11
Year: 1992
Publisher: International Society of Cryptozoology
Document Type: Interdisciplinary Journal

This issue of Cryptozoology, Volume 11, published in 1992, is dedicated to the study of hidden animals and features a range of articles, research reports, field reports, and book reviews within the field.

Articles

Cryptophidion annamense, a New Genus and Species of Cryptozoic Snake from Vietnam (Reptilia: Serpentes)

This seminal article by Van Wallach and Gwilym S. Jones introduces *Cryptophidion annamense*, a new cryptozoic genus and species of snake discovered in Vietnam. The description is based on three photographic color slides of a specimen collected in 1968, as the holotype is presumed lost. The snake exhibits unusual morphology, including a depressed snout with a pointed rostrum, reduced nasal shields, and a large preorbital shield, distinguishing it from known Southeast Asian snakes. The authors discuss its potential relationships with genera like *Myersophis*, *Lycophidion*, and *Emmochliophis*, and classify it under Greenwell's Category VI for new taxa with no known organic evidence. The article details the challenges of describing a species without a physical type specimen and expands the definition of cryptozoology to include autoptical evidence.

Large Peruvian Mammals Unknown to Zoology

Peter J. Hocking contributes an article exploring large mammals from Peru that remain unknown to mainstream zoology, suggesting potential areas for cryptozoological investigation.

Some Unpublicized Australasian "Sea Serpent" Reports

Paul Cropper and Malcolm Smith present a collection of lesser-known reports concerning "sea serpent" sightings from the Australasian region, adding to the body of evidence for large marine cryptids.

Is There a Large, Unknown Primate in China? The Chinese Yeren or Wildman

Frank E. Poirier and J. Richard Greenwell investigate the existence of the Chinese Yeren, or Wildman, a large primate cryptid reported in China, examining the available evidence and folklore.

Research Reports

Distributional Patterns of Cryptid Eyewitness Reports from Lake Champlain, Loch Ness, and Okanagan Lake

Yasushi Kojo analyzes the geographical distribution of eyewitness reports concerning cryptids associated with Lake Champlain, Loch Ness, and Okanagan Lake, seeking patterns that might shed light on the nature of these phenomena.

Field Reports

An Investigation of the Duende and Sisimite of Belize: Hominoids or Myth?

Mark Sanborne reports on an investigation into the Duende and Sisimite of Belize, exploring whether these creatures are hominoids or simply mythical beings.

An Unmanned Motion-Sensitive Automatic Infrared Camera Tested in a Pacific Northwest Quest for Possible Large Primates

Charles W. Wyckoff, Duane Marshall, Robert H. Rines, Justice C. Rines, and Patrick Brogan detail their use of an unmanned motion-sensitive infrared camera in the Pacific Northwest in a search for large primates, likely referring to Sasquatch.

Champ Quest at Lake Champlain, 1991–1992

Richard A. Deuel and Dennis J. Hall document their "Champ Quest" expedition to Lake Champlain during 1991-1992, focusing on investigations related to the lake's famous cryptid.

Sasquatch Investigations in the Pacific Northwest, 1992

James A. Hewkin provides an account of Sasquatch investigations conducted in the Pacific Northwest during 1992.

Book Reviews

The issue includes several book reviews, covering a range of cryptozoological topics:

• "There Are Giants in the Sea" by Michael Bright, reviewed by Matthew A. Bille.
• "More Than a Myth: The Search for the Monster of Muskrat Lake" by Michael Bradley, reviewed by Henry H. Bauer.
• "Natural Mysteries: Monster Lizards, English Dragons, and Other Puzzling Animals" by Mark A. Hall, reviewed by Aaron M. Bauer.
• "Mystery Cats of the World: From Blue Tigers to Exmoor Beasts" by Karl P. N. Shuker, reviewed by Colin P. Groves.
• "They Stalk by Night: The Big Cats of Exmoor and the South-West" by Nigel Brierly, reviewed by J. Richard Greenwell.
• "In the Tracks of the Yeti" by Robert A. Hutchison, reviewed by Daniel Taylor-Ide.
• "Hunting the Gugu: In Search of the Lost Ape-Men of Sumatra" by Benedict Allen, reviewed by Rosalind Ribnick.

Comments and Responses

This section features contributions from Dmitri Bayanov, John H. Acorn, Adrienne Mayor, Malcolm Smith, Henry H. Bauer, Yasushi Kojo, Robert A. Campbell, Philip A. Cochran, and James A. Hewkin, likely discussing various aspects of cryptozoological research and findings.

Talks and Presented Papers

The issue lists "Talks and Presented Papers Sponsored by the International Society of Cryptozoology, 1982-1992," indicating the society's active engagement in promoting research and discussion in the field.

Back Order Listings

Listings for "Cryptozoology Back Order Listing" and "The ISC Newsletter Back Order Listing" are provided, allowing readers to order past issues.

Editorial Board and Publisher Information

The journal lists its editorial board members, specialists in various fields such as mammalogy, forensic anthropology, linguistics, paleoanthropology, ichthyology, vertebrate paleontology, ornithology, geology, and marine mammalogy. The publisher is identified as Allen Press, Inc., with the journal printed on acid-free and recycled paper.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

This issue strongly emphasizes the scientific rigor and interdisciplinary nature of cryptozoology. The detailed description of *Cryptophidion annamense*, despite the loss of the type specimen, highlights the importance of photographic and autoptical evidence in describing new taxa. The variety of articles, from new species descriptions to investigations of well-known cryptids like Sasquatch and sea serpents, and the inclusion of numerous book reviews, demonstrate the journal's broad scope. The editorial stance appears to be one of serious scientific inquiry into phenomena that fall outside conventional zoological classification, encouraging detailed research, evidence-based reporting, and open discussion within the cryptozoological community.

This issue of CRYPTOZOOLOGY, Volume 19, Issue 3, published in 1994, features a comprehensive article titled "CRYPTOPHIDION, NEW CRYPTOZOIC SNAKE" by Van Wallach and J. R. Jones. The journal focuses on the discovery and description of this new snake species, exploring its taxonomic classification, unique morphological characteristics, and potential evolutionary relationships.

Cryptophidion: A New Cryptozoic Snake

The article introduces *Cryptophidion*, a snake species that presents numerous peculiar characteristics, making its taxonomic placement challenging. The authors note that while *Cryptophidion* shares some traits with burrowing snakes, it also possesses unique features that set it apart from known genera, particularly within Southeast Asia.

Morphology and Distinguishing Features

*Cryptophidion* is described as having a sharply-pointed lateral head profile, a depressed snout, and a pointed rostral shield. Other notable features include a narrow head, a countersunk lower jaw, a small eye, reduced nasal shields with a separation from the rostral, enlarged pregenials, narrow ventrals, a short tail, a low subcaudal count, and smooth, shiny scales. The presence of an enlarged preorbital is also considered a unique characteristic. The dorsal coloration is presumed to be uniformly dark without a distinct pattern, and the total length is estimated to be less than 300 mm.

Taxonomic Placement and Affinities

The authors highlight the difficulty in assigning *Cryptophidion* to a definitive family, suggesting it is presumed to be Colubridae. Comparisons with various snake genera reveal that *Cryptophidion* is unlike any Southeast Asian snake and does not appear closely related to any other known genus. Within Southeast Asia, its unique features, such as the pointed head profile, are particularly noteworthy. Globally, the species shows the most similarity to *Myersophis* from the Philippines, *Lycophidion* from Africa, and *Emmochliophis* from Ecuador.

Habitat and Distribution

The status of *Cryptophidion* in its native environment is largely unknown. Given its fossorial nature, it is suggested that it may have gone unnoticed by the scientific community. It is hypothesized that the snake might be abundant in its localities but likely has a restricted distribution, possibly being endemic to central Vietnam and adjacent Laos. The lack of reported specimens further supports the idea of a restricted or specialized habitat.

Research and Future Directions

The discovery of *Cryptophidion* raises more questions than it answers, emphasizing the need for additional specimens to fully describe the organism and understand its evolutionary relationships. The authors urge biologists, conservationists, and amateur enthusiasts to be vigilant in searching for small, burrowing snakes with pointed noses that fit the description of *Cryptophidion*. The photographic slides provided offer a glimpse of this elusive creature, hinting at the potential for further discoveries.

Acknowledgements

The article acknowledges the contributions of various curators and staff from numerous museums and libraries who provided data and literature. Special thanks are extended to J. P. Rosado and E. E. Williams (Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University), H. Marx, R. F. Inger, H. K. Voris, and A. Resetar (Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago), and A. E. Leviton, R. C. Drewes, and J. V. Vindum (California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco) for their financial support. Gratitude is also expressed to R. Coombs for the illustrations, J. R. Greenwell for editorial advice, and A. M. Bauer, J. D. Lazell, Jr., and G. R. Zug for their suggestions.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

This issue of Cryptozoology underscores the journal's commitment to exploring the frontiers of zoological discovery, particularly concerning animals that defy conventional classification or have eluded scientific detection. The detailed taxonomic and morphological analysis of *Cryptophidion* exemplifies the journal's focus on enigmatic species and the ongoing quest to understand biodiversity. The editorial stance promotes rigorous scientific inquiry, encouraging field research and specimen collection to shed light on poorly understood organisms and their ecological roles. The emphasis on cryptozoology suggests an interest in species that may represent relict populations or have unusual evolutionary histories, pushing the boundaries of known zoological knowledge.

Title: Cryptozoology
Issue: Vol. 11, 1992
Publisher: International Society of Cryptozoology
Date: 1992
Country: USA
Language: English

This issue of Cryptozoology features two main articles: "Large Peruvian Mammals Unknown to Zoology" by Peter J. Hocking, and "Some Unpublicized Australasian 'Sea Serpent' Reports" by Paul Cropper and Malcolm Smith.

Large Peruvian Mammals Unknown to Zoology

Peter J. Hocking presents findings from his cryptozoological investigations in the tropical forests of Peru. He details his method of gathering information from native hunters, emphasizing a friendly and respectful approach to encourage sharing of knowledge about wildlife.

The Isnachi: The Peruvian "Ape"

Hocking describes the "isnachi," a large primate reportedly unknown to zoology. It is said to be about twice the size of a common spider monkey, approximately 4 feet tall, muscular, and barrel-chested, with short, thick black hair. Its face is described as entirely black with a snout and large teeth like a mandrill. The isnachi inhabits montane tropical forests, typically in isolated ranges at altitudes between 1,600 and 5,000 feet, favoring areas with abundant wild fruits and chonta palms, and often traveling with spider monkeys. It exhibits solitary behavior but can be encountered in pairs or troops. Hunters fear its strength and temperament. The animal is vegetarian, feeding on wild fruits and the tender hearts of chonta palms, and is known to create arboreal platforms for resting. The report details nine locations in Peru where the isnachi has been reported, with some native names and descriptions provided. The author notes that while some zoologists suggest the animal might be the spectacled bear, the descriptions of hands, feet, nails, arboreal locomotion, and lack of white markings rule this out. He also distinguishes the isnachi from other reported South American "apes" based on size, color, and facial features.

The Giant Black Panther

This section describes a cryptid known as the "yana puma" or "black mountain lion." It is reported as a very large, entirely black felid, at least twice the size of a jaguar, with large greenish eyes. It inhabits montane forest regions, often in the same areas as the isnachi. Hunters report that it is passive during the day but becomes a determined hunter at night, tracking humans to their camps and reportedly killing them. The author proposes that this is an unknown species, distinct from the melanistic form of the jaguar, due to its significantly larger size.

The Speckled Tiger

This felid is described as approximately the size of a jaguar but with a larger head. Its main characteristic is a gray body covered in solid black speckles. There are only two known reports, and no native names are recorded. It inhabits montane tropical forests at altitudes around 1,600 feet. One report details an encounter where hunters shot the animal after it crouched on a branch, ready to attack their tree-hut. The skin was sold, but no specimen has reached zoologists.

The Striped Tiger

This felid is also about the size of a jaguar but is tan-colored with tiger-like stripes instead of rosettes. It is reported in hilly and lowland rainforests. Little is known about its behavior, but it is considered rare. One report describes a hunter encountering a large cat with stripes that attacked him after he shot a bird. The hunter managed to shoot the animal, which mauled a tree-trunk before dying. The skin could not be saved due to decomposition.

The Jungle Wildcat

This small felid is about the size of a domestic cat, with varied coloration and unusually long canines. It is reported in montane forests at elevations of about 2,300 feet. A unique behavior noted is that these cats hunt in packs, sometimes accompanied by ocelots and jaguarundis. These packs are aggressive and can overwhelm hunters.

Conclusions

Hocking concludes that the evidence strongly suggests the existence of these unknown forms, known to native peoples. He hopes that other zoologists and cryptozoologists will pursue further investigation, aiming to collect specimens and describe new species. He acknowledges the difficulties posed by dangerous regions and the elusive nature of these animals.

Some Unpublicized Australasian "Sea Serpent" Reports

Paul Cropper and Malcolm Smith present thirteen reports of unidentified marine animals from Australian and Papua New Guinean waters, dating from 1877 to 1981. An additional 1874 report from the Atlantic Ocean, published in Australia, is also included. Most reports are from newspapers and have been overlooked by cryptozoological investigators.

The Reports

1. Carlisle Castle, 1874: A large serpent was sighted crossing the ship's wake in the North Atlantic, with its head and about six feet of body visible. Described as "long-necked" or "merhorse."
2. Maid of Judah, 1877: A very large serpent was seen near the Australian coast, appearing to be about the length of the vessel, with its body curved and partially submerged.
3. Melville Island, 1916: A "sea serpent" with a head like an immense snake and a body estimated at 40 feet was sighted from a surf boat. Four teeth were recovered from an oar.
4. Green Island, 1924: Part of an animal's body, described as an arched neck about nine feet long and 15 inches in diameter, was seen rising from the sea near Green Island.
5. Tabourie Lake, 1931: A sea animal, 25-30 feet long, with a pig-like head, two floppy arms, and sabre-like teeth, was observed swimming and feeding.
6. Coff's Harbour, 1934: Fishermen reported a sea dweller up to 40 feet in length with a horse-like head.
7. HMAS Kurumba, 1939: A "sea serpent" with a brownish-yellow body, multicolored giraffe-like pattern, and dark greenish patches was observed moving at high speed. Sketches were made.
8. Deception Bay, 1959–60: Minimal information is available for this sighting.

Discussion and Conclusions

The authors note that while some reports might be explained by known phenomena (e.g., giant salp chains), others suggest the presence of unknown species. The multicolored pattern of the HMAS Kurumba sighting is considered unique. The article emphasizes the challenges of documenting such sightings due to poor journalistic standards and the difficulty in obtaining witness accounts years later. The full texts of the newspaper reports are archived by the International Society of Cryptozoology.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The issue focuses on the presentation of evidence for unknown animal species, primarily through eyewitness accounts and the application of cryptozoological methods. The articles highlight the importance of native knowledge, the challenges of scientific verification in remote areas, and the potential for new discoveries in zoology. The editorial stance appears to be one of open-minded investigation into phenomena that fall outside conventional scientific understanding, encouraging further research and documentation of cryptids.

This issue of "Cryptozoology" (Vol. 11, 1992) is a scholarly journal published by the International Society of Cryptozoology, featuring two main articles: "Is There a Large, Unknown Primate in China? The Chinese Yeren or Wildman" by Frank E. Poirier and J. Richard Greenwell, and "Cropper and Smith: Australasian 'Sea Serpents'" by an unnamed author (likely the journal editors or contributors, as it's presented as a continuation of a series).

The Chinese Yeren or Wildman

The article by Poirier and Greenwell evaluates the evidence for the existence of the Yeren, a creature described in Chinese folklore for over 2,000 years. The authors visited China to investigate purported evidence, including eyewitness accounts, footprint casts, fecal remains, nests, and hair samples. They found that while footprint casts and severed appendages were likely misidentified (belonging to known animals like macaques), eyewitness accounts, though numerous and sometimes inconsistent, showed a degree of consistency over time and across different regions.

The authors interviewed witnesses and Chinese scientists who had conducted analyses on Yeren hair. SEM, TEM, and PIXE spectrometry were used to compare purported Yeren hairs with those of known animals (gibbons, macaques, chimpanzees, bears, serows, humans). The analyses indicated that some hairs, particularly those from Sichuan province, showed distinct elemental characteristics, with a significantly higher Fe/Zn ratio compared to human and other animal hairs. While this suggests the possibility of an unknown primate, the authors caution that some hairs could still be from modern Chinese humans, albeit with unusual coloration.

The article also discusses the "monkey babies" phenomenon, where children with birth defects are attributed to matings between Yerens and humans. The authors examined a skeleton of such a child and concluded it was a seriously deformed human. They also addressed the possibility of a surviving population of Asian orang-utans, given some eyewitness descriptions of red hair and quadrupedal locomotion.

Australasian "Sea Serpents"

This section compiles and analyzes several reported sightings of large, unknown marine creatures in Australasian waters, primarily focusing on Australia and Papua New Guinea. The article presents detailed accounts of these encounters, often cross-referencing newspaper reports with original witness statements.

Deception Bay, Australia (1960): The article begins with a contest run by the "Sunday Truth" newspaper for the best "monster" story. Nigel Tutt's account of the "Deception Bay Monster" is detailed. He described a large, square-shaped head emerging from the water, followed by a mottled brown body estimated at 18-20 feet long. Other witnesses, including Ron Spencer and David Manners, also reported sightings in the same area, describing similar creatures with large heads and bodies.

Maningrida, Northern Territory, Australia (1972): A report from the "Maningrida Mirage" newsletter described a creature making a moaning sound with glistening, metallic-like scales and a head in three sections. However, an investigation suggested this might have been a hoax.

Aireys Inlet, Victoria, Australia (1973): Neil Blyth and Norman Robertson reported seeing a snake-like creature, about 7-8 feet high, with a small head, emerge from the water. The description was later compared to Heuvelmans' "long-necked" sea serpent.

Bynoe Harbor, Northern Territory, Australia (1977-1978): Burge Brown claimed to have seen plesiosaur-like creatures in the harbor over several years. Police Sergeant Kevin Maley provided a more grounded account of a black creature, about 25 feet long, with dorsal serrations, which he was convinced was not a known marine animal.

Larrekeyah, Northern Territory, Australia (late 1940s): R. M. Richardson reported seeing three "logs" that were alive and swimming, with one raising a serpent-like head.

Darwin, 1980: Terry Annesley and John Hamilton reported seeing a dark object with dorsal fins, resembling the Loch Ness Monster, moving in the harbor.

Ramat Bay, Papua New Guinea (1958, 1981): Bernie Gash reported sightings of a large animal with loops and a frill, and later a long neck with a python-like head. Local tribesmen called it "ah-een-meelow," meaning "fish eel."

The article discusses the characteristics of these reported creatures, noting similarities to Heuvelmans' classifications of "sea serpents," particularly the "long-necked" and "many-finned" types. The authors conclude that while many reports are likely misidentifications or hoaxes, the consistency of some accounts and the geographical distribution of sightings suggest the possibility that scientifically unknown animals, possibly mammals, may inhabit Australasian waters.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The issue consistently emphasizes the need for rigorous scientific investigation of cryptozoological claims. It highlights the limitations of newspaper reports and the importance of cross-referencing with original eyewitness accounts. The journal appears to maintain an open but critical stance, presenting evidence and analyses while acknowledging the challenges in definitively proving the existence of unknown species. The articles suggest that while some reports can be explained by known animals or hoaxes, a subset of sightings and physical evidence warrants further study, particularly concerning the Chinese Yeren and various Australasian marine cryptids.

Title: Cryptozoology
Issue: Vol. 11, 1992
Publisher: International Society of Cryptozoology
Content: This issue features research on the Yeren, lake monsters, and cryptozoological folklore from Belize.

The Chinese Yeren: Hair Analysis and Hypotheses

The article "POIRIER AND GREENWELL: THE CHINESE YEREN" discusses the scientific analysis of purported Yeren hairs. Table 1 presents a combined analysis of Yeren hairs compared to human and nonhuman primate hairs, highlighting differences in medulla structure, pigment distribution, and amino acid content. Notably, the acid protein content is higher in Yeren samples, and the Fe/Zn ratio is significantly elevated. Other elemental analyses also show higher concentrations of Ca, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, and Sr in Yeren samples compared to human and nonhuman primate samples.

Several hypotheses are explored regarding the Yeren's identity. One suggests a relationship with orang-utans, citing descriptions of long red hair and prominent stomachs, and the presence of orang-utan fossils in Asia. Another hypothesis links the Yeren to the fossil primate genus Gigantopithecus, a theory supported by a survey of physical anthropologists. The article emphasizes that PIXE, SEM, and TEM analyses indicate Yeren hair differs from known animals, suggesting it might belong to a scientifically unknown animal or a higher primate. Future DNA analysis is proposed as a means to resolve this, though the lack of root structures in current samples poses a challenge.

The authors conclude that the evidence warrants serious consideration of the Yeren's existence as a scientifically unknown higher primate, or at least as a significant folkloric entity.

Distributional Patterns of Cryptid Eyewitness Reports

The research report "DISTRIBUTIONAL PATTERNS OF CRYPTID EYEWITNESS REPORTS FROM LAKE CHAMPLAIN, LOCH NESS, AND OKANAGAN LAKE" by Yasushi Kojo examines the timing of reported sightings of large, unknown aquatic animals. The study compares sighting patterns from Lake Champlain (USA), Loch Ness (Scotland), and Okanagan Lake (Canada).

Introduction: Kojo builds on previous work suggesting that the sighting patterns in Lake Champlain indicate nocturnal behavior. He notes that Loch Ness sightings have a different pattern, with peaks in mid-morning and mid-afternoon, and a decrease at midday. This pattern was previously interpreted as a result of human observation rather than animal behavior.

Method: The study aims to test the hypothesis that sighting patterns are a result of animal behavior by examining data from Okanagan Lake, British Columbia, which has a sufficient number of reports (82 sightings between 1923 and 1990).

Results: The sighting patterns for Okanagan Lake and Loch Ness are found to be similar, with mid-morning peaks (10-11 a.m.) and mid-afternoon peaks (3-5 p.m.), and a midday decrease (12 noon-2 p.m.). This similarity between Okanagan Lake and Loch Ness, contrasted with the different pattern in Lake Champlain, suggests that the patterns are due to the animals' behavior, not the observers'.

Discussion: The author argues that if the observed patterns are indeed behavioral, it provides strong evidence for the existence of these animals. The findings suggest that the animals in Okanagan Lake and Loch Ness are likely not nocturnal, unlike those in Lake Champlain. Fieldwork in these locations should consider the peak sighting times in mid-morning and mid-afternoon.

Figures and Tables: The report includes figures illustrating the sighting time distributions for Okanagan Lake, Lake Champlain, and Loch Ness, and Table 1 lists specific sighting reports from Okanagan Lake with dates, times, and sources.

Field Reports: Duende and Sisimite of Belize

Mark Sanborne's "AN INVESTIGATION OF THE DUENDE AND SISIMITE OF BELIZE: HOMINOIDS OR MYTH?" explores the folklore of two cryptids in Belize.

Introduction: Sanborne was inspired by Ivan T. Sanderson's work and Alan Rabinowitz's research on jaguars to investigate the Duende and Sisimite in Belize. He notes the prevalence of the Duende myth, even appearing on a Belizean postage stamp.

• Narrative Description:
• Tata Duende: Described as a wizened, hairy little man with pointy heels, sometimes carrying a machete or stick, clad in skins or rags, and wearing a big hat. He is seen as a trickster, a troublemaker, and sometimes a rescuer. The name "Tata" is Mayan for "old man" or "grandfather."
• Sisimite: Described as a large, hairy gorilla with a head like a human, but with four fingers and no thumbs, and feet that point backwards. It is considered a malevolent primate that cannot speak and is similar to the mythical African gorilla and the North American Sasquatch. Both creatures are believed to inhabit the "high bush" (virgin montane tropical forest).

Sanborne conducted interviews and bibliographic research, including at the National Archives in Belmopan. He found information in "Characters and Caricatures in Belizean Folklore" and noted anthropologist Michael Howard's research on Kekchi Maya beliefs, which recognize forest spirits and animals like the Sisimite.

Sanborne recounts various anecdotes from his fieldwork: a mestizo woman's story of a non-hairy man-like Duende; a 14-year-old boy's skepticism but recounting of a "sloth-like" Duende; a Mayan ex-chiclero's reticence; and stories from guides Antonio and Antolino Pop, who described Duendes as "demons" or recalled tales of them.

He also details encounters with local beliefs, including a story of a hunter seeing a large footprint attributed to a Sisimite, which was later speculated to be a Duende. Another anecdote describes a man seeing something hairy, wearing a "big black Mexican mariachi hat," which was also identified as a Duende.

Results: Sanborne concludes that the Duende possesses too many classic fairy-tale traits to be a valid candidate for cryptozoology, suggesting it might be a mythical construct influenced by Spanish, Indian, and British folklore. The Sisimite, however, shares characteristics with Sasquatch and could potentially be a relict population of Gigantopithecus survivors in Central America, or perhaps as "unreal" as the Duende.

Future Plans: Sanborne plans further fieldwork in Belize's Maya Mountains and intends to investigate reports of similar hairy hominoids in Indonesia, such as the "orang-pendek."

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue revolve around the scientific investigation of purported unknown species (Yeren), the statistical analysis of eyewitness accounts to infer animal behavior (lake monsters), and the exploration of folklore and mythical creatures (Duende and Sisimite). The journal "Cryptozoology" consistently adopts a scientific approach, utilizing analytical techniques like PIXE, SEM, and TEM, and statistical methods to analyze sighting data. The editorial stance appears to be one of open inquiry, encouraging the scientific study of phenomena that challenge conventional zoology, while maintaining a critical perspective on the evidence presented. The journal aims to provide a platform for researchers to present findings and hypotheses related to cryptids and unexplained biological phenomena.

This issue of Cryptozoology, Volume 11, published in 1992 by the International Society of Cryptozoology, features several field reports and book reviews related to the study of unknown animals. The primary articles focus on the testing of an unmanned motion-sensitive infrared camera for detecting large primates in the Pacific Northwest and a comprehensive list of sightings of 'Champ' (the Lake Champlain Monster) from 1991-1992.

Field Reports

Unmanned Motion-Sensitive Automatic Infrared Camera Tested in a Pacific Northwest Quest for Possible Large Primates

This report by Charles W. Wyckoff, Duane Marshall, Robert H. Rines, Justice C. Rines, and Patrick Brogan details the development and field testing of an automatic, motion-sensing 35mm camera. The Academy of Applied Science, known for its Loch Ness research, collaborated with Peter C. Byrne in Oregon to adapt camera innovations for monitoring forest areas where large, unknown primates like Sasquatch might frequent. The camera, a modified Olympus Infinity Twin, was designed to be unmanned, undetectable, and automatically triggered by movement, taking a series of successive infrared photographs with invisible flashes. Initial field tests were conducted in the snow-laden forests of Oregon from March 10-16, 1991, with the team including Robert H. Rines, Carol M. Rines, Justice C. Rines, and Patrick Brogan. Calibration was performed using human pseudo-intruders. The objective was to position cameras in areas with suspicious tracks. The camera's capability for multiple, unobservable infrared flashes and periodic checking was intended to ensure the continued presence of an intruder. The project aimed for replicative construction using readily available, low-cost components. Despite interesting tracks in the snow, no cryptic intruders were photographed during the initial tests or subsequent months. Future plans include continuing the research with these cameras.

Champ Quest at Lake Champlain, 1991–1992

This report by Richard A. Deuel and Dennis J. Hall describes the investigations of 'Champ' by the newly formed Champ Quest organization, building on the work of the Lake Champlain Phenomena Investigation (LCPI) led by Joseph W. Zarzynski. Fieldwork primarily involved lake surface surveillance, with Deuel conducting about 270 hours of shore-watching in 1992, and Hall conducting several hundred hours. Yasushi Kojo also conducted surveillance in Malletts Bay. Gary Burton used sonar equipment and reported five anomalous sonar contacts. The report details a total of 30 sighting reports for 1992 and five for 1991, including one land sighting. Several specific sightings are described chronologically:

• March 23, 1991: A black animal, described as large with a long tail, was seen crossing a path and entering water.
• June 23, 1991: A 'neck on the surface' was observed in the south end of Button Bay, thrashing and rolling.
• September 20, 1991: An animal with a horse-like head and a neck with three bumps was seen near Crown Point Bridge.
• October 1991: An animal described as 'the size of a horse's head leaving a good size wake' was observed heading northeast in The Narrows.
• May 12, 1992: A bluish-white column of light, possibly reflecting moonlight, was observed moving along the shoreline.
• May 31, 1992: Two humps, described as 'black' and 'the color of a whale,' were observed moving south into Bulwagga Bay.
• June 1, 1992: A dark green 'neck' was seen lying on the surface, then went straight up and back down.
• June 3, 1992: An animal's neck was glimpsed sticking up and down four times, moving at tremendous speed.
• June 19, 1992: Two distinct 'wave forms' were observed in Northwest Bay.
• June 21, 1992: A large, dark hump with a long round part attached was observed near Isle La Motte.
• August 1, 1992: An animal appeared as a 'peculiar wave' and then three humps were seen.
• August 8, 1992: A black, diamond-shaped head surfaced and submerged near Button Island.
• September 11, 1992: A long neck, head, and three humps were observed.

The report also summarizes a possible land crossing incident on November 10, 1992, involving a strange 'groove' and matted grass path. Five anomalous sonar contacts by Gary Burton are also listed, involving large, fast-moving targets and significant soundings.

Sasquatch Investigations in the Pacific Northwest, 1992

This report by James A. Hewkin updates previous findings on Sasquatch evidence. It details short trips to the Coast Ranges and Cascade Mountains, and a 3-day trip to the Blue Mountains of northern Oregon. No fresh sign was detected in the Blue Mountains, but five locations showed suspected evidence: an overturned rock, a log with splinter torn off, a stump with bark torn from one side, a torn-up log, and a log rolled over. The report notes the reclusive nature of deer and elk in the area. Field activities in the Oregon Cascades involved measuring a large rock pit. The report also discusses observations of pits in the Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Washington, designated 'Indian Pits,' believed to have been excavated by early Indians. The pits varied in depth and diameter. The author also recounts an interview with Gary Wielert regarding an incident in Walla Walla in 1983 where an apparent Sasquatch was observed in an elk camp. Another interview with Ernie Fritz describes a bizarre incident in northwest Montana in 1978 where a large, bipedal animal, resembling a 'long-legged gorilla,' reportedly seized a deer. The report includes an interview with Dee Hayes about an alleged Sasquatch sighting in the Sam Houston National Forest, Texas, in 1981, estimating the animal's height at 7 to 8 feet. The results indicate that scant evidence of undetermined origin was obtained in 1992, but past sightings suggest these unknown animals are frequently seen but not reported. Future efforts will focus on uncovering further evidence and new eyewitness testimony.

Book Reviews

This section contains reviews of three books:

• There Are Giants in the Sea by Michael Bright: Reviewed by Matthew A. Bille, this book is described as an informative and entertaining work on seagoing mystery animals, covering topics like sea serpent sightings, unknown cetaceans, and giant octopuses. While generally praised for its objectivity and service in updating the 'sea serpent' story, the reviewer notes a lack of footnotes and some minor inaccuracies.

• More Than a Myth: The Search for the Monster of Muskrat Lake by Michael Bradley: Reviewed by Henry H. Bauer, this book is criticized for inaccuracies, particularly regarding Loch Ness accounts, and a lack of clarity. The reviewer finds the description of the Muskrat Lake investigation to be lengthy and superficial, ultimately not recommending the book.

• Natural Mysteries: Monster Lizards, English Dragons, and Other Puzzling Animals by Mark A. Hall: Reviewed by Henry H. Bauer, this book is critiqued for its premise that wetland remnants may harbor ancient unknown animals, with the reviewer questioning the uncritical analysis and anti-academic stance. The chapter on 'monster lizards' is noted for inconsistencies, and the treatment of English dragons is considered out of place. The reviewer finds the book's approach to cryptozoological hypotheses problematic.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue are the ongoing investigations into unexplained phenomena, particularly large unknown animals like lake monsters and Sasquatch. The journal consistently reports on field research, eyewitness accounts, and the analysis of potential evidence. The editorial stance appears to be one of open-minded inquiry into cryptozoological subjects, while also maintaining a critical approach to evidence and methodology, as seen in the book reviews. The society actively encourages research and the sharing of findings within the cryptozoological community.

Title: CRYPTOZOOLOGY
Issue: Volume 11, 1992
Publisher: International Society of Cryptozoology
Country of Publication: USA
Original Language: English
ISSN: 0739-7055
Document Type: Magazine Issue

This issue of Cryptozoology features a "BOOK REVIEWS" section, presenting critiques of several recent publications in the field. The reviews cover a range of topics, from large cats in Britain to legendary creatures like the Yeti and the Gugu, and delve into the interpretation of ancient folklore and fossils.

Book Reviews

Natural Mysteries Reviewed by Aaron M. Bauer, the book "Natural Mysteries" is discussed, focusing on its exploration of cryptozoological problems. Bauer notes the author's anti-academic stance and the book's tendency to dismiss alternative explanations. While recommending it as an inexpensive introduction, he criticizes the lack of critical evaluation of data and the "offhand dismissal of geological and zoological constraints." The book is described as having a heat-tape bound paper cover, 26 figures, and 11 maps, though many figures are from an unrelated 1895 cyclopedia.

Mystery Cats of the World: From Blue Tigers to Exmoor Beasts Reviewed by Karl P. N. Shuker, this book by Robert Hale, London, 1989, is examined. The review highlights the reasonable expectation of discovering unknown small mammal species. For larger mammals, the review notes the book's survey of undescribed cat-like animals, including reports from Britain, Africa, and Australia. The reviewer, Colin P. Groves, discusses the Kellas cat, favoring a hybrid hypothesis, and mentions the possibility of melanistic forms of known species. He also touches upon the Aberdares spotted lion and the Queensland Tiger, suggesting a possible link to Thylacoleo.

They Stalk by Night: The Big Cats of Exmoor and the South-West Reviewed by Nigel Brierly, this booklet is discussed in relation to the "big cat" phenomenon in the United Kingdom. The review notes the repeated reports of large cats and the hypothesis that they are escaped "exotics" breeding in the wild, with the American puma as a favored candidate. Brierly's book covers the Beast of Exmoor, presenting evidence such as sheep kills and cat tracks. The reviewer, J. Richard Greenwell, notes that the Exmoor tracks suggest a large puma or another species, as leopard tracks are smaller. Brierly believes the 1976 Dangerous Wild Animals Act led to owners releasing pets, creating breeding populations. The reviewer also raises the question of black panther sightings and their potential connection to melanistic Asian leopards.

In the Tracks of the Yeti Reviewed by Robert A. Hutchison, this book is discussed by Daniel Taylor-Ide. The review acknowledges the Yeti's status as an attractive cryptid but emphasizes the challenges of writing about it without enhancing its mythical status. Three pitfalls are identified: passing along hearsay, avoiding hard facts, and making unsubstantiated assertions. Hutchison is commended for studying Yeti history, Himalayan ecology, and local culture. However, the review states that Hutchison offers no new discoveries and that his claims are based on personal experience rather than concrete artifacts. Two specific lost opportunities are highlighted: a missed "photo opportunity" and the failure to scientifically analyze Yeti scat.

Hunting the Gugu: In Search of the Lost Ape-Men of Sumatra Reviewed by Benedict Allen, this book is critiqued by Rosalind Ribnick. The review finds the book to be poorly written, not scientifically rigorous, and unfocused. Ribnick notes Allen's self-involvement and his eventual provision of information about the Gugu (orang-pendek) from Theodore's notes. The Gugu are described as coming in two varieties (ginger-maned and black-maned) and walking with backward-pointing feet. The reviewer suggests that Allen mistook gibbon apes for the Gugu. The book is criticized for being verbose and repetitive.

Comments and Responses

This section features several exchanges between authors and reviewers, addressing specific articles and topics within cryptozoology.

"Excommunications" Serve No Purpose In this response to Bernard Heuvelmans, Dmitri Bayanov defends his definition of cryptozoology, emphasizing that deeds and methods are more important than definitions. He argues that the search for the thylacine and the Eastern U.S. puma are valid cryptozoological pursuits. Bayanov believes that hypotheses about "living dinosaurs" and "living gigantopithecines" helped establish cryptozoology.

Griffin Folklore and Paleontology Adrienne Mayor's article on the griffin legend is discussed by Dmitri Bayanov and John H. Acorn. Bayanov expresses delight that Mayor linked the griffin legend to fossils of Protoceratops, seeing it as an example of "demythifying the content of received information." Acorn agrees that the griffin legend likely originated from Scythian gold miners finding Protoceratops fossils. Both acknowledge the importance of cross-disciplinary cooperation. Mayor, in her response, clarifies that her argument links the griffin legend to Protoceratops fossils and emphasizes the "naturalistic" aspects of the griffin, distinguishing it from purely mythical creatures. She also addresses Acorn's "Lost Valley Syndrome" concept, stating her work rejects the idea of coexisting humans and dinosaurs.

Mainland Thylacines Adrienne Mayor comments on Athol M. Douglas's paper on mainland thylacines. She questions the authenticity of the Cameron photographs, suggesting they are a hoax. Mayor also raises concerns about the Mundrabilla Station specimen, particularly regarding its C14 dating and the possibility of contamination. She further discusses alleged thylacine killings in Western Australia, suggesting they are more characteristic of large cats than canids, and notes the possibility of a placental predator.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The issue consistently emphasizes the importance of critical evaluation of evidence in cryptozoology, cautioning against accepting claims without scrutiny and advocating for the dismissal of known phenomena or animals as sources of reports. There is a recurring theme of distinguishing between folklore inspired by living animals and that inspired by fossils or imagination. The journal also highlights the value of interdisciplinary approaches, combining folklore, paleontology, and zoology, to understand unknown animal forms. The editorial stance appears to favor rigorous scientific methodology applied to cryptozoological claims, while acknowledging the inherent fascination and potential for discovery within the field.

This issue of CRYPTOZOOLOGY, Volume 10, published in 1991, is a collection of articles, comments, research reports, and book reviews focused on the study of unknown animals and related phenomena. The journal is published by the International Society of Cryptozoology.

Articles

The Musk Ox in Eurasia: Extinct at the Pleistocene-Holocene Boundary or Survivor to Historical Times?

This article by Nikolai Spassov questions the extinction date of the Musk Ox, suggesting it may have survived into historical times.

Griffin Bones: Ancient Folklore and Paleontology

Adrienne Mayor explores the intersection of ancient folklore and paleontological evidence concerning griffins.

Some Ecological Notes on Reported Large, Unknown Animals in Lake Champlain

Yasushi Kojo presents an analysis of reported sightings of large, unknown animals in Lake Champlain, focusing on ecological notes and comparing sighting patterns with other cases.

Physical and Morphological Analysis of Samples of Fiber Purported to be Sasquatch Hair

Edward B. Winn provides a detailed analysis of fiber samples claimed to be from Sasquatch.

Field Reports

• An Investigation into the orang-pendek, the "Short Man" of Sumatra by Deborah Martyr details efforts to find evidence of this hominoid.
• Recent Advances in the Search for the Living Giant Gecko of New Zealand by Aaron M. Bauer and Anthony P. Russell discusses new findings in the search for this potentially extant species.
• The Eastern Panther on Film? Results of an Investigation by Jay W. Tischendorf examines evidence for the Eastern Panther.
• LCPI Work at Lake Champlain, 1990 by Joseph W. Zarzynski reports on ongoing investigations at Lake Champlain.
• Sasquatch Investigations in the Pacific Northwest, 1990 by James A. Hewkin details fieldwork related to Sasquatch.
• BCSCC Report on Okanagan Lake, 1990 by John Kirk summarizes findings from the Okanagan Lake area.

Book Reviews

Several books are reviewed, including:

• *Exotic Zoology* by Willy Ley, reviewed by Aaron M. Bauer.
• *Mystery Animals of Britain and Ireland* by Graham J. McEwan, reviewed by J. Richard Greenwell.
• *Thunderbirds: The Living Legend of Giant Birds* by Mark A. Hall, reviewed by Angelo P. Capparella.
• *Mysterious Lake Pend Oreille and its "Monster": Fact and Folklore* by James R. McLeod, reviewed by Roy P. Mackal.
• *Champ: Beyond the Legend (Updated Edition)* by Joseph W. Zarzynski, reviewed by John Kirk.

Comments and Responses

This section features correspondence and replies regarding previous articles. Contributors include Ann Harnwell Ashmead, David S. Reese, Adrienne Mayor, Christine Janis, Stephen F. Kredel, Graham C. Joyner, Malcolm Smith, Grover S. Krantz, Mike Pincher, W. Ted Ernst, Jr., Barry Vogel, Peter Jaszi, and John Green. Topics include the Musk Ox, thylacine, Lake Champlain monsters, and Sasquatch.

Additional Content from Other Pages (Contextualized)

While the primary focus is on Volume 10 (1991), the provided scans also contain content from other volumes and sections of the journal, offering a broader view of the International Society of Cryptozoology's activities and publications.

Comments and Responses (Pages 138-142)

• Malcolm Smith comments on the difficulty of attributing kills to thylacines and the potential for misidentification by untrained eyes. He notes that while he has not been able to follow up on all reports, some are suggestive of thylacines.
• Henry H. Bauer responds to an article by Yasushi Kojo on Lake Champlain sightings. Bauer emphasizes the importance of comparing sighting data with known aquatic animals and hoaxes. He suggests that factors like wind and light conditions might influence sighting patterns, rather than solely nocturnal behavior.
• Yasushi Kojo replies to Bauer, agreeing on the need for data on known aquatic animals and hoaxes, but notes such data is unavailable. He reiterates that descriptions of "heads" and "necks" in sightings make wave misidentification unlikely.
• Robert A. Campbell comments on the de Loys "ape" photograph, finding Ivan T. Sanderson's refutation more plausible than recent analyses.
• Philip A. Cochran critiques James A. Hewkin's suggestion that the newt *Taricha granulosa* could be a Sasquatch food source, highlighting the newt's toxic secretions and the unlikelihood of a sophisticated predator consuming it.

Articles and Field Reports (Pages 142-157)

• James A. Hewkin responds to Cochran, acknowledging the toxicity of *Taricha granulosa* but emphasizing that many small animals, including newts, are found under rocks and could be part of a Sasquatch diet. He speculates about Sasquatch immunity to toxins.
• A significant portion of the scanned pages (142-157) lists Talks and Presented Papers Sponsored by the International Society of Cryptozoology (ISC) from 1982 to 1992. These lists detail numerous presentations at annual membership meetings and symposia, covering a vast array of cryptozoological subjects including:
• Lake Champlain Monsters (Champ): Multiple presentations by Joseph W. Zarzynski and others.
• Sasquatch/Bigfoot/Wildman: Numerous talks on evidence, morphology, historical accounts, and research methods (e.g., Grover S. Krantz, James A. Hewkin, John Green, Thomas Steenburg, Lonnie Somer).
• Loch Ness Monster (Nessie): Presentations on its history, biology, public perception, and fieldwork (e.g., Richard Fitter, Roy P. Mackal, Henry H. Bauer, Adrian J. Shine, Robert H. Rines, Tim Dinsdale).
• Mokele-Mbembe: Expeditions and research reports (e.g., Roy P. Mackal, Marcellin Agnagna).
• Other Cryptids: Discussions on the Thylacine, Eastern Panther, Yeti, Onza, Giant Gecko, British Big Cat, Kellas Cat, Queensland Tiger-Cat, Przewalski's Horse, and various mythical creatures like griffins and dragons.
• Methodology and Theory: Papers on classification systems, linguistic components, folklore, and the scientific approach to cryptozoology.
• Back Order Listing provides information on purchasing back issues of the journal *Cryptozoology*.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes throughout this issue and the ISC presentations are the rigorous investigation of purported unknown animals, the critical analysis of evidence, the importance of distinguishing between reliable sightings and misidentifications or hoaxes, and the interdisciplinary nature of cryptozoology, drawing from biology, paleontology, folklore, and anthropology. The journal appears to maintain a scientific and analytical approach, encouraging detailed research and open discussion among its contributors and readers.

This document comprises a back-order listing for "The ISC Newsletter," published by the International Society of Cryptozoology (ISC). The listing spans volumes 1 through 10, from Spring 1982 to Winter 1991, detailing the contents of each issue. The newsletter covers a wide range of cryptozoological topics, including sightings, expeditions, research, and news related to various cryptids and unexplained phenomena.

Back Order Listing Details

The ISC Newsletter is available for US$3.50 each (US$4.50 for institutions), with postage included. Discounts are offered for bulk orders: 10% for orders between $33-$100, 20% for $101-$200, and 30% for orders over $201. Orders must be prepaid, and only institutions will be invoiced. Orders should be mailed to the ISC Secretariat in Tucson, Arizona.

Content Highlights by Volume and Issue

• Volume 1 (1982-1982):
• No. 1 (Spring): Formation of the Society, Congo Expeditions, "Mystery Cats," Neanderthal Survival, Aquatic Animals.
• No. 2 (Summer): Lake Champlain Monster, Canadian "Lake Monsters," Sasquatch in Washington State, Chesapeake Bay Monster.
• No. 3 (Autumn): Walla Walla Casts, Champ Photo Analysis, Board of Directors meeting, Honorary Members.
• No. 4 (Winter): Log Ness Monster?, Gray's Harbor Update, Sea Monster Exhibit, "Lost World" at 8500 Feet.

• Volume 2 (1983-1983):
• No. 1 (Spring): Interview with Paul H. LeBlond and Forrest G. Wood, Nessie's 50th Birthday, Champ Passes New York Assembly, Chessie Videotape Analysis.
• No. 2 (Summer): New Guinea Expedition, Board of Directors meeting, First Society Membership Meeting, Cryptozoology Books 1978-1983.
• No. 3 (Autumn): Interview with Roy P. Mackal, Beast of Exmoor.
• No. 4 (Winter): Mokele-Mbembe observed by Congolese Biologist, "Sea Serpents" off California Coast.

• Volume 3 (1984-1984):
• No. 1 (Spring): New Bear Species in Nepal, Lloyds of London to insure Ogopogo, Cryptozoology in Nature, Lake Champlain Update 1983.
• No. 2 (Summer): Proposed Sasquatch Hunt, New ISC Board Decisions, Membership Meeting in Paris, ISC Journal Criticized.
• No. 3 (Autumn): Interview with Bernard Heuvelmans, Controversial Sasquatch Hunt, ISC Secretariat for Europe established.
• No. 4 (Winter): Nessie Flipper Photo analysis, Hoax Claimed for Wilson Photo, San Diego Meeting, Brighton Symposium, George Gaylord Simpson (1902-1984).

• Volume 4 (1985-1985):
• No. 1 (Spring): New Expedition Identifies Ri as Dugong, New Nepal Bear, Second Megamouth Found, Prank of Mammoth Proportions.
• No. 2 (Summer): Interview with Rene Dahinden, CSICOP Publishes Nessie Criticisms, ISC Board Meets in San Diego.
• No. 3 (Autumn): Giant Octopus Blamed for Deep Sea Fishing Disruptions, ICSEB III Cryptozoology Symposium.
• No. 4 (Winter): Thylacine Reports, Two New Onza Skulls Found, Stafford Lake Monster.

• Volume 5 (1986-1986):
• No. 1 (Spring): Onza Specimen Obtained, Jared Diamond Tackles Cryptozoology.
• No. 2 (Summer): Interview with Arlene Gaal, Ivory-Billed Woodpecker Found Alive in Cuba, Loch Ness Yields One Secret.
• No. 3 (Autumn): Mokele-Mbembe: New Searches, Giant Fish Reported in China, Bluff Creek Remembered.
• No. 4 (Winter): First Yeti Photos, 1987 Meeting.

• Volume 6 (1987-1987):
• No. 1 (Spring): Close Encounter in Lake Okanagan, Sasquatch Given Fossil Name, Raiders of the Lost Auk.
• No. 2 (Summer): Interview with Grover S. Krantz, Memphré Christened.
• No. 3 (Autumn): Cryptozoology Books 1980-1987.
• No. 4 (Winter): Nessie Symposium Highlight, 1988 Membership Meeting, Giant Bear Sought by Soviets.

• Volume 7 (1988-1988):
• No. 1 (Spring): World's Largest Gecko Discovered, Nessie Survives Deepscan Sonar Probe.
• No. 2 (Summer): Interview with Marie-Jeanne Koffmann, Maryland Meeting, Sasquatch Symposium Planned.
• No. 3 (Autumn): Bermuda Blob Remains Unidentified, Soviets Form Cryptozoology Society, Sasquatch Symposium.
• No. 4 (Winter): Florida "Giant Penguin" Hoax Revealed, Third Megamouth Found, Onza Identity Still Unresolved.

• Volume 8 (1989-1989):
• No. 1 (Spring): (Special 16-page Coelacanth 50th Anniversary Issue) The Coelacanth-50 Years Later, Special Interview with Hendrik Goosen and Marjorie Courtenay-Latimer.
• No. 2 (Summer): Interview with John Green, 1990 Meeting Planned for England.
• No. 3 (Autumn): The Eastern Puma: Evidence Continues To Build, Nessie Symposium Proceedings Published.
• No. 4 (Winter): Pullman Symposium Reviews Sasquatch Evidence, TV Show Leads to Reptile Discovery, Sir Peter Scott (1904-1989).

• Volume 9 (1990-1990):
• No. 1 (Spring): New Evidence Supports Existence of Pygmy Elephant, Harold E. "Doc" Edgerton (1903-1990).
• No. 2 (Summer): The Nessie Debate: A Panel Discussion on the Loch Ness Monster, New Chinese Wildman Investigation, Cryptozoological Sonics on CD.
• No. 3 (Autumn): Folklore and Cryptozoology Subject of Joint Conference, Yemen Monitor Described.
• No. 4 (Winter): Search for Giant Gecko Intensifies, Cryptids on Canadian Stamps.

• Volume 10 (1991-1991):
• No. 1 (Spring): Cryptozoology Books 1987-1990.
• No. 2 (Summer): Megamouth VI Caught Alive and Studied, Highlights of Galveston Meeting.
• No. 3 (Autumn): The Bigfoot Debate: A Panel Discussion on the North American Sasquatch, Iranian Gecko Cut Down to Size.
• No. 4 (Winter): The Bigfoot Debate-Part II, The Danta and the Horse-Bear.

Special Offer: The Loch Ness Monster Symposium

A "Special Offer" section advertises the proceedings of a Joint Symposium on "The Loch Ness Monster: The Search for Nessie in the 1980s," held at the Royal Museum of Scotland in Edinburgh on July 25th, 1987. The proceedings were published as parts 2 & 3 of the centenary volume of the Scottish Naturalist. The normal price is £20.00, but a special price of £11.50 or $20.00 (post free) is offered to members of the ISC and the Society for the History of Natural History (SHNH). The publication is 180 pages and contains numerous photographs and diagrams. It is obtainable from The Scottish Natural History Library in Scotland.

Field Guide to the Sasquatch

Another advertisement promotes the "Field Guide to the Sasquatch" by David Gordon, available from the ISC Secretariat. It is described as a comprehensive review of the Sasquatch problem, with chapters on history, case studies, and evolutionary position. The price is $4.95 plus shipping and handling, with different rates for USA/Canada/Mexico, Europe/Latin America, and Africa/Asia/Australia.

Instructions to Authors

• The document includes detailed "Instructions to Authors" for submitting manuscripts to Cryptozoology. Key points include:
• Manuscripts must not be previously published or simultaneously submitted elsewhere.
• Copyright is transferred to the Society upon acceptance.
• Submissions should be letter-quality typed and double-spaced, with author names and page numbers.
• Authors are encouraged to submit a computer disk with the manuscript.
• Articles and Research Reports require a 50-100 word abstract and must be prefaced by it. They need to be submitted in triplicate.
• Referencing must conform to specific instructions (author-date in text, detailed list at end).
• Illustrations and black and white photographs are required (color slides are not acceptable).
• Manuscript length is at the author's discretion, but a minimum of 1,000 words is expected for Articles and Research Reports.
• Field Reports should be submitted as one copy, with formal referencing not required but citations in parentheses allowed. Subheadings should include Introduction, Narrative Description, Results, and Future Plans. Maximum length is 1,500 words.
• Book Reviews and Comments/Responses have separate guidelines.

International Society of Cryptozoology Officers and Board of Directors

The document lists the officers of the International Society of Cryptozoology: President Bernard Heuvelmans, Vice President Roy P. Mackal, and Secretary J. Richard Greenwell. It also lists the Board of Directors, comprising individuals from various academic institutions and museums worldwide, including Aaron M. Bauer, C.K. Brain, Eric Buffetaut, Angelo P. Capparella, Eugenie Clark, Colin P. Groves, David Heppell, Christine Janis, Grover S. Krantz, Paul H. LeBlond, Nikolai Spassov, and Zhou Guoxing.

Society Purpose, Policy, Membership, and Subscriptions

The society was founded in 1982 in Washington, D.C., and is a tax-exempt, non-profit scientific organization. Its purpose is to investigate, analyze, publish, and discuss matters related to animals of unexpected form, size, or occurrence. The society takes no official position on the existence of supposed animals or the authenticity of evidence. Membership is US$32 or £22 annually, which includes the quarterly newsletter and the annual journal. Sustaining Members donate additional amounts. Institutional subscriptions are US$45 per year. Payment methods include personal checks (US$/£ Sterling), bank drafts, and international postal money orders. Members in certain European countries can pay in their local currencies or via Eurocheque.

Honorary Members, Benefactors, and Corporate Sponsors

Honorary Members include Marjorie Courtenay-Latimer, John Green, The Lord Hunt of Llanfair Waterdine, Marie-Jeanne Koffmann, Theodore Monod, and Robert Titmus. A list of Benefactors and Corporate Sponsors is also provided.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes throughout the newsletter listings are the investigation and reporting of cryptids and unexplained animal phenomena from around the world. The ISC appears to maintain a neutral stance on the existence of these creatures, focusing on the analysis, publication, and discussion of evidence and research. The editorial stance, as indicated by the "Message from the Editor" in many issues, seems to be one of encouraging research, reporting findings, and fostering a community of cryptozoological interest. The society actively publishes research, organizes meetings and symposia, and provides a platform for members to share information and discuss findings.