Clypeus - 1968 - Vol 5 No 6

Magazine Overview

Title: Clypeus
Issue: 5
Volume: Nuove Frontiere della Scienza (New Frontiers of Science)
Date: January 5, 1969
Publisher: Gruppo Culturale Clypeus, with the patronage of the Associazione Piemontese di Esobiologia, Torino.
Country: Italy
Language: Italian

Articles and Content

La Vita Elettrica (Electric Life) by Bill Fargo

This article revisits the controversial experiments of Andrew Crosse (1784-1855), an English gentleman scientist who, in 1837, claimed to have created living, insect-like organisms, which he called 'acari', from inorganic matter using electrical stimulation. Crosse's experiments involved impregnating porous rock with a mixture of hydrochloric acid and potassium silicate, then applying electricity. He observed white, hemispherical growths that developed into entities with six or eight legs, resembling mites. Crosse meticulously documented their reproduction and lifespan, noting they were identical to their parents and survived until the cold season. He ruled out external contamination, such as insect eggs, and explored various chemical solutions, including copper nitrate and copper sulfate, to replicate the phenomenon. Even Faraday acknowledged similar formations in his experiments, though he was uncertain if they were 'creations or revivifications'. The article highlights the similarity between the initial stages of these 'acari' and mineral crystallizations, noting that both can exhibit white spots and then emit filaments. Rupert T. Gould, an American researcher of unusual phenomena, is cited for his work on 'osmotic growths' created by Stéphane Leduc, which mimicked organic cells and their functions, suggesting a possible bridge between inorganic and organic matter.

I Mondi del Futuro (Worlds of the Future) by Peter Kolosimo

This piece speculates on the conditions of Venus and Jupiter. It begins with a dramatic, fictionalized account of an alien probe crashing on Venus, transmitting a single message: "Water... on this planet there is water...". The article then reveals this refers to the Soviet probe 'Venus 3', launched in November 1965 and crashed on March 1, 1966. Despite previous US 'Mariner 2' data suggesting extreme temperatures on Venus, Soviet scientists, according to reports from a scientific conference, claimed 'Venus 3' had indeed sent a message about water. The article discusses how electromagnetic impulses, not direct temperature measurements, were used, and how these could be misinterpreted if Venus's clouds were water vapor rather than sand, leading to inaccurate temperature readings. Recent Earth-based balloon analyses confirm Venus's clouds are primarily water vapor. The article also touches upon the theory by Desiderius Papp that Venus might be in a Carboniferous period, teeming with ancient flora. It then shifts to Jupiter, citing NASA's Dr. Robert Jastrow and the work of Cyril Ponnamperuma and Fritz Woller, who suggest Jupiter possesses the basic elements for life (carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen) and an atmosphere similar to early Earth. They created a Jovian atmosphere in the lab, bombarding it with artificial lightning, and produced nine amino acids, the building blocks of life. Some astronomers even propose Jupiter has a 'thermonuclear heart', burning like a star.

Una Radio nel Cervello (A Radio in the Brain) by Gaspare Basile

This article explores the groundbreaking research in neurophysiology, particularly the work of Spanish-American neurophysiologist José M.R. Delgado. It begins with a vivid, albeit fictionalized, account of a bullfight where a bull is calmed by a device held by the matador, illustrating the potential of electrical brain stimulation. The article explains that tiny electrodes, finer than a hair, can be inserted into the brain to receive signals from a miniature transmitter and transmit them to specific brain regions as sensations, moods, or commands. This technology, building on the work of Nobel laureate Walter Hess, has been developed by scientists in the US, Soviet Union, and Germany. Experiments have shown that electrical stimulation can radically alter animal behavior, such as making tigers docile or changing the instincts of small animals. The article highlights an experiment in Atlanta where a monkey was induced into a state of intense bliss, becoming addicted to self-administering electrical impulses. While acknowledging the potential for misuse by dictators, the article also emphasizes the therapeutic applications, such as calming aggressive individuals, treating mental illnesses, and potentially eliminating the need for prisons by suppressing criminal impulses. Delgado's work with monkeys demonstrated that even aggressive animals could be calmed by the controlled application of electrical stimulation, suggesting a future where such technology could be widely applied.

Other Content

• Cover Art: The cover features a striking illustration by 'alessandri 68' depicting a reptilian creature with a club, amidst a cityscape, with several UFOs in a stormy sky.
• Table of Contents: The issue includes articles titled "La vita elettrica", "I mondi del futuro", "Una radio nel cervello", "Cornucopia", "Clipeocronaca", "Max Planck", "In orbita con i...francobolli", "L'atmosfera spirituale", "Il vostro nome", "A HRT, la regina del cielo", "Letteratura", and "Telestar".
• Publisher Information: Details about the editorial team, address, subscription rates, and legal authorization for the publication are provided.
• Copyright Notice: A note states that material from Clypeus may only be used after written permission is obtained from the publisher.
• Back Cover: Features advertisements for books "Terra senza tempo" and "Ombre sulle stelle".

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine appears to focus on fringe science, ufology, and speculative topics, bridging the gap between scientific inquiry and the unexplained. The editorial stance seems open to exploring controversial theories and phenomena, such as artificial life, extraterrestrial intelligence, and the potential of the human mind and brain. There is a clear interest in historical scientific experiments and future technological possibilities, often presented with a sense of wonder and speculation. The inclusion of articles on both scientific advancements (like brain stimulation) and more esoteric subjects (like 'spiritual atmosphere') suggests a broad definition of 'new frontiers of science'. The magazine aims to inform and provoke thought on subjects that challenge conventional understanding.

This issue of "Il Nuovo Corriere della SleA" from Tuesday, July 8, 1947, is primarily focused on the burgeoning phenomenon of "flying saucers" that were captivating the United States. The main headline, "Il mistero dei 'dischi volanti,'" (The mystery of the 'flying saucers,') sets the tone, questioning whether these objects represent a secret weapon or a case of collective suggestion.

"Il mistero dei 'dischi volanti,'"

The article details the widespread sightings of unidentified flying objects across 49 American states, noting that the fascination with these phenomena has surpassed recent police cases and even the Loch Ness Monster. The sightings began to gain national attention, with numerous people reporting encounters. The article recounts the experience of businessman Kenneth Arnold, who was among the first to report seeing these mysterious objects. Testimonies varied in their descriptions, with some comparing the objects to saucers, others to luminous discs, and some mentioning a luminous contour. The phenomenon had been observed in thirty-eight states, with residents of the remaining eleven states actively searching for them.

The magazine explores several theories attempting to explain the sightings. The first theory suggests these are new, secret weapons being tested by the military, which have escaped experimental control. Another theory posits that it's a case of collective hysteria, an exaggerated but not entirely impossible phenomenon. Pilot Vernon Baird claimed to have shot down a flying saucer near Yellowstone National Park, describing it as a grey-pearl object resembling a muscular airplane with a plexiglass dome. The objects were reported to emit red light in front and leave bluish reflections behind.

Further theories included the possibility of radioactive emissions related to atomic energy production, which was denied by the head of the US atomic commission, David Lilienthal. General Carl Spaatz, Supreme Commander of the US Air Force, was also mentioned as being in the vicinity where flying saucers were first sighted after the war.

"Cornucopia" Section

This section presents a collection of brief news items:

• Esobiologists Convene: A round table was held in Geneva in November to examine problems concerning human life in the cosmos, with participation from American, European, and Soviet experts, including cosmonaut Boris Yegorov.
• Excavations at "Arene Candide"?: Construction of a new road near the famous Arene Candide caves in Finale Ligure has sparked hopes for planned excavations that might uncover a significant prehistoric site.
• A City of 8,000 Years: An important archeological discovery was made near the "Iron Gates" of the Danube in Yugoslavia, where the remains of 41 trapezoidal dwellings and unique sculptures were found, suggesting a city from the late Stone Age.
• An Ancestor of the "Yeti"?: An intact skeleton of a giant gorilla from the Pliocene epoch was discovered in the Himalayas, significantly larger than modern gorillas.
• Chephren by X-Ray: Preparations are underway to radiograph the pyramid of Chephren to locate undiscovered chambers, using cosmic ray flux measurements.

"Clipeocronaca Retrospectiva" (Retroactive Clip-Chronicle)

This section revisits historical events:

• Anno 1523: A comet appeared over Cuneo, Italy, described as a burning straw cart, which later caused a fire in Milan Castle, leading to significant destruction and subsequent pronouncements of calamity, including the death of Pope Adrian VI.
• From Newspapers and Magazines of 1947: A compilation of headlines from Italian newspapers regarding flying saucers, including reports from "Corriere d'informazione" and "Corriere della sera" on sightings in Canada, New Mexico, and Europe, as well as speculation about whether they were pilotless aircraft or meteors.

"Personaggi" (Personalities)

• Max Planck: This article delves into the life and work of Max Planck, positioning him as a transitional figure between classical physics and modern physics. It highlights his groundbreaking theory of quanta, which laid the scientific foundation for Albert Einstein's work on relativity. Planck's initial reluctance to fully embrace his own revolutionary ideas is discussed, as is the eventual recognition he received, including Einstein's public acknowledgment of his influence and the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1918.

"In Orbita Con I Francobolli" (In Orbit With Stamps)

This section focuses on philately:

• Stamp Collections: The article notes a growing interest in stamp collecting, particularly series dedicated to Christmas and the Nativity from various countries. It also mentions the recent Soviet "Zond" flight and American astronauts' journey to the Moon, suggesting future special stamp emissions.
• Italian Space Stamp: Italy is expected to issue a commemorative stamp celebrating the Fucino facility for space telecommunications by the end of the year.
• Market Trends: The demand for used commemorative stamps from countries like the USA, Russia, Great Britain, West Germany, and France is high. "First day covers" from Italy, San Marino, the Vatican, the UN, USA, Great Britain, and France are also popular.
• Notable Auction: A Mauritius stamp sold for 237 million lire, drawing significant media attention and inspiring articles in various publications.
• Critique of Italian Series: The article criticizes the Italian series commemorating the 50th anniversary of World War I, finding the numerous elements in each design to be cramped and incomprehensible.

"L'Atmosfera Spirituale" (The Spiritual Atmosphere)

This is a two-part article by Remo FEDI exploring spiritual concepts:

• Part 1 (Page 7): The author discusses the aspiration of spiritualists to create a spiritual atmosphere, emphasizing the importance of transcending passions and contemplating life as a developing entity. It critiques the notion that humans are solely dominated by passions, arguing for a cosmic interconnectedness. The concept of "kali yuga" is mentioned in relation to egocentrism. The article distinguishes between "scepsi" (skepticism rooted in experience) and "scetticismo" (a broader doubt), arguing that both, along with superstition, hinder the advent of a spiritual atmosphere. It differentiates skepticism from atheism, noting that while skeptics remain open to belief, atheists are rooted in absolute negation.
• Part 2 (Page 9): This part continues the discussion, suggesting that true spiritual development comes from "interiority" and a deep connection with the "divine instrument of reason." It argues that external remedies for societal problems are bound to fail. The author emphasizes that the experience of physics is not isolated but part of a larger reality that requires attention to the spiritual core within.

"Il Vostro Nome" (Your Name)

This section provides etymological and historical information about given names:

• Lucia: Derived from the Latin "lux" (light), celebrated on December 13th, and considered a patron saint of sight.
• Graziano: Meaning "son of Gratus" (grateful, thankful), referencing Graziano of Carriara, a medieval scholar.
• Fausta: Derived from the Latin adjective meaning "propitious" or "favorable." The article notes the negative life of Fausta, wife of Emperor Constantine the Great.
• Tommaso: From the Hebrew for "twin," referencing the apostle Saint Thomas and his initial disbelief.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine exhibits a strong interest in phenomena that challenge conventional understanding, such as UFOs, and delves into scientific advancements, particularly in physics. There's also a focus on historical events and cultural aspects like philately and etymology. The editorial stance appears to be one of open inquiry, presenting various theories and perspectives on unexplained phenomena and scientific progress, while also engaging with philosophical and spiritual discussions. The inclusion of historical anecdotes and name origins suggests a broad scope of interest, aiming to inform and engage a diverse readership.

This issue of CLYPEUS, identified as Volume 5, Number 6, dated December 1968, is the first and only Italian magazine dedicated to exobiology. It is published in Italy and is bilingual, with content primarily in Italian and some English references.

Contents

Names and Etymology

The issue begins with an exploration of the origins and meanings of several names:

• Adele: A German name signifying "noble aspect and noble sentiments," with variations like Adelia, Alida, Adelasia, Elke, and Liddy. It was historically a popular name, borne by the wife of Oddone of Savoy.
• Stefano: Derived from the Greek "stephanos" (garland, crown), it was the name of ten popes and five kings of Hungary. Santo Stefano is remembered on December 26th, being one of the first seven deacons and the first martyr. His relics are in Venice.
• Tito: Possibly derived from an old Italic word for "honored" or a diminutive patronymic. San Tito was a disciple of Saint Paul and the bishop of Crete.
• Amelia: Originating from the old German "Amalberga," meaning "valorous protector." The article notes the town of Amélia in Umbria, Italy, which was historically called Améria and retains Roman and Etruscan remains. It also mentions the possibility of deriving the name from the Ostrogoth lineage of the "Ameli."

Poetry

A section titled "POESIA" presents an anonymous Egyptian poem from approximately 2600 BC, titled "A HRT, LA REGINA DEL CIELO" (To HRT, the Queen of Heaven), deciphered by Adolf Erman. The poem describes HRT as a celestial being, the mother of Sciu (air), and a powerful entity who has embraced all gods and fixed them as stars.

Literature Reviews

The "LETTERATURA" section, curated by "TRIFIDI," reviews several books:

• CAVALCATA NELL'INFINITO by Teresio Cavagna (Editrice A.I.A.C.E.): This review praises Cavagna's imaginative exploration of space, noting his ability to envision diverse life forms on other planets. The book is described as consistently interesting with thrilling plot twists. It is offered to Clypeus readers for 1,300 Lire.
• DIARIO DI GOLIA by Pina Ballario (Editrice A.I.A.C.E.): Ballario's work is described as surprising, with her protagonist embarking on adventures across various locations and encountering "flying saucer" pilots. The characters are said to emerge spontaneously and guide their own stories. The review highlights Ballario's belief that goodness is the only currency with legal tender worldwide. This book is offered to Clypeus readers for 1,000 Lire.

Vintage Science Fiction Magazine Market Analysis

The "TELESTAR" section, also curated by "TRIFIDI," provides an analysis of the vintage Italian science fiction magazine market, focusing on the period from 1952 to 1959. The article notes that these magazines have become scarce since late 1967. Three reasons are proposed:

1. Limited Print Runs: Many of these early publications had small print runs, making them difficult to find in good condition.
2. Shift in Reader Interest: With the closure of "Cosmo" and "Gamma" in 1966-1967, readers turned to older science fiction books as "Urania" and "Galassia" were no longer sufficient to meet demand.
3. Increased Readership: New readers, unfamiliar with older publications, are actively seeking them out, driving up prices.

The article then provides a detailed price list for various Italian science fiction magazines, including:

• Futuria (1962)
• I Romanzi del Futuro (1961)
• Superspazio (1961-1962)
• Futuro (1963-1964)
• Galaxy (1958-1964)
• Urania "Rivista" (1952-1953)
• I Romanzi di Urania poi Urania (various series)
• Nova SF (directed by Ugo Malaguti)
• Scienza Fantastica (1952-1953)
• Galassia "Landini" (1953)
• Mondi Astrali (1955)
• Fantascienza "Garzanti" (1954-1955)
• Galassia "Johannis" (1957)
• I Narratori dell'Alpha-Tau (1957)
• Astroman (1957-1958)
• Cosmic (1957-1958)
• Cronache del Futuro (1957-1958)
• Le Cronache del Futuro (1958-1959)
• Fantavventura (1961)
• Gli Esploratori dello Spazio
• Fantasia e Fantascienza (1952-1953)

Prices are given for complete collections and individual issues, with notes on condition affecting value (e.g., "molto buono," "buono").

Upcoming Series

The issue announces the start of a new series in December titled "DOMINA," featuring articles by Peter Kolosimo on "LE FRONTIERE DEL DIAVOLO" (The Frontiers of the Devil), exploring parapsychology through the lens of science.

Advertisements

Page 7 contains an advertisement for "LIBRERIA STAMPATORI" in Torino, promoting books as Christmas gifts.

Editorial Notes

Page 8 includes a notice for "L'ECO DELLA STAMPA," an agency that provides clipping services to the magazine. It also features "desiderata," a weekly service for bibliographic research by Edoardo Marini in Trieste.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine consistently explores themes related to the esoteric, the unknown, and speculative fiction. The editorial stance appears to be one of intellectual curiosity, delving into historical, scientific, and literary aspects of these subjects. The detailed price list for vintage magazines suggests an interest in the history and collectibility of science fiction literature, while the inclusion of parapsychology and exobiology points to a broader interest in phenomena beyond conventional scientific understanding. The magazine aims to provide comprehensive information, from etymological studies to literary reviews and market analyses.