BUFORA Bulletin - No 13 - Jun 1984

Magazine Overview

This issue of the BUFORA Bulletin, dated June 1984 and identified as No. 013, is published by BUFORA (British UFO Research Association) and features a cover illustration of a child pointing at lights in the sky. The magazine covers a range of topics related to UFO research, paranormal phenomena, and the organization's activities.

BUFORA EDINBURGH BRANCH

The bulletin begins with contact information for the BUFORA Edinburgh Branch, listing Fraser Gordon as the contact person. It also mentions that BUFORA's member societies include Britain's oldest UFO Group, BFSB.

THE BRITISH UFO RESEARCH ASSOCIATION BUFORA LTD

Details are provided about BUFORA LTD, a company limited by guarantee, founded in 1964. Its registered office is at 40 Jones Drove, Whittlesey, Peterborough. BUFORA incorporates the London UFO Research Association (founded 1959) and the British UFO Association (founded 1962). The association's aims are clearly stated: to encourage and conduct scientific research into UFO phenomena in the UK, collect and disseminate UFO data, and coordinate research efforts globally.

Membership is open to all who support these aims, with application forms available from any association officer. BUFORA's entry on the PRESTEL viewdata system is also noted.

CONTENTS

The table of contents for this issue includes:

• BUFORA NEWS (Page 2)
• THE BROADHAVEN CASE RE-EXAMINED by Cynthia Hind (Page 13)
• UFOS YES, FLYING SAUCERS, MAYBE by John Bostock (Page 25)
• IN DEFENCE OF PENNINE UFOs by Jenny Randles (Page 26)
• THE ARENDAL AND HESSDALEN SIGHTINGS - NORWAY. The Photographic Evidence. by John Barrett (Page 29)
• TRACE CASES - LET'S RESTATE THEM by Maurizio Verga (Page 36)
• PRE 1947 UFO BULLETIN by Nigel Watson (Page 38)
• LETTER TO THE EDITOR (Page 40)

The Chairman is listed as Arnold West.

NEWS

The 'News' section details recent activities and decisions of the BUFORA Council. A council meeting was held on Saturday, February 4th, 1984, at the London Business School. Bob Digby resigned as Chairman after 14 months, having accepted a contract to work in Saudi Arabia. Arnold West, the Vice-Chairman, took over as interim Chairman. Council thanked Bob Digby for his work, and he will continue to be interested in BUFORA's affairs. Bob Digby also resigned his seat on Council and as Editor-in-Chief of JTAP.

MEMBERSHIP INCREASE: Christopher Pearson, the new Treasurer, reported on the association's financial position. Twelve new members were elected, bringing the total membership to over 300, an increase from the previous year. Publicity officer Lionel Beer reported that BUFORA lectures were being listed on EASTEL/PRESTEL services and that the 1984 AQUARIAS GUIDE featured a free display advertisement for BUFORA. Lionel Beer was also planning to run a weekly evening course on ufology in Putney, which received Council's full support.

Lionel Beer was also updating BUFORA listings in UK directories and handling inquiries from the MS News Service in New York. He reminded Council about the Raelian Movement meetings.

MORE PAPERS WANTED: John Barrett, Director of Publications, noted that the February 1984 BULLETIN was being printed and requested more papers and articles from members due to the increased page count of the BULLETIN and the loss of PROBE REPORT.

NEWS (Continued)

Jenny Randles, Director of Investigations, was ill, and her report was presented by Lionel Beer. The report focused on press cuttings received, indicating a significant increase in ufological activity throughout the UK. In 1983, 390 cuttings were received, compared to 328 in 1982. Specific monthly figures for October, November, and December 1983, and January 1984, showed a marked upward trend, with the last three months of 1983 accounting for half of all new cases. The Investigations Department was analyzing these cases.

Stephen Gamble, Director of Research, submitted a written report outlining proposals for the Research Department's development.

FUTURE PLANS: Council discussed the auditing of the 1983 accounts and the timing of the 1984 EGM. John Spencer reported that the Association was unlikely to receive charitable status. A discussion ensued about whether to relinquish the limited company status. Council also considered a five-year plan of activities leading into the late 1980s, the Danish UFO Congress, and BUFORA's potential membership of ICUR. The possibility of computerizing membership records was also raised. The April 1984 Council meeting would review these items, focusing on the five-year campaign plan, which would coincide with ufology's 40th anniversary in 1987.

EVENING MEETING: An evening meeting featured John Mason, Assistant Director of the Meteor Section of the British Astronomical Society, who spoke on "BRITISH FIREBALL SURVEY: THE FIRST FOUR YEARS." The talk, chaired by Arnold West, was described as fascinating and relevant to UFO study, as fireballs are often mistaken for UFOs. Mr Mason explained that the solar system contains numerous celestial bodies, including asteroids and dust, and that fireballs are spectacular relations of shooting stars.

GREAT BALLS OF FIRE

This section elaborates on fireballs, describing them as rock fragments burning up in the Earth's atmosphere. Their brilliance is measured by 'magnitude,' with different speeds ranging from 20,000 mph to 70,000 mph. Fireballs are considered invaluable for calculating the age and history of the solar system as they can produce meteorites. Photographs are important for analyzing their orbit, height, and trajectory. While UK climatic conditions are not always ideal for viewing, some parts of the USA offer many clear nights for photography. Fireballs are more common than generally supposed, with varying frequencies based on magnitude. The vast majority burn up completely, with only 0.1% producing a meteorite. A fireball emitting a fluctuating light is higher than one with a steady light. When the latter falls to about 20km or less, it usually produces a meteorite, though retrieval can be difficult depending on the terrain. The report mentions specific case histories of fireballs seen over the UK, including one in Caernarvonshire, Wales, on September 21st, 1949, which caused structural damage.

December is noted for fireball displays. A specific incident at Barnwell, near Coventry, on Christmas Eve 1965, involved a fireball that split into two and emitted a low whistling sound, categorizing it as a bolide. A member of the audience claimed to have witnessed this event.

THE LOCH NESS MYSTERY

The evening meeting on March 3rd, 1984, featured Adrian Shine, Chairman of the Loch Ness and Morar Project, discussing "THE LOCH NESS MONSTER. A CASE TO ANSWER." Lionel Beer chaired the meeting. The talk examined classic photographs of the monster taken between 1933-1955, concluding that none were incontrovertible proof. Doubts were cast on the authenticity of the images due to lighting, wave formations, shadows, and other environmental factors. Underwater photography in the 1970s revealed potential flipper and head shapes, but these were not clear enough to be admissible evidence. Tim Dinsdale's 1960 movie film of an animate object moving across the Loch was considered important but open to interpretation. The lack of tangible evidence from Loch Ness led the Project to move its work to Loch Morar, which offered better conditions for investigation. However, this also proved unrewarding. The Project then shifted focus to studying the environment and the conditions necessary for a monster to survive. Specialized vessels with sonar monitoring equipment were used on Loch Ness, revealing an abundant fish population and plankton, establishing a viable food chain. The Loch's depth (750ft), stable temperature, and oxygen levels were deemed suitable for a large marine animal.

Despite the lack of scientific evidence, the Furoro 106A and Simrad SY sonar devices in the summer of 1982 detected large, single target echoes at depths of up to 122m, suggesting vertical movements. One contact was tracked for 68 seconds, diving from 69 to 114m at a speed of 0.8m/sec. These contacts were considered valuable in determining what inhabited the Loch.

Members interested in the Loch Ness & Morar Project are directed to write to Box 1, Loch Ness Centre, Drumna-drochit, Inverness-shire, Scotland.

UNSCIENTIFIC: An opinion piece expresses a personal desire for 'Nessie' to remain undisturbed and free from exploitation, suggesting it would be a better fate than being captured and displayed.

SPRING COUNCIL

The Spring Council meeting on April 7th involved the unexpected presence of ex-Chairman Bob Digby, who explained his attendance as a 'hologram projection' from Saudi Arabia due to a last-minute hitch in his employer's plans. This left him in a state of uncertainty regarding his future location.

Due to this uncertainty, Arnold West would remain as Chairman, with Stephen Gamble elected as Vice-Chairman. Christopher Pearson was elected as the new Treasurer.

INVESTIGATION AND RESEARCH: Jenny Randles' report, presented by John Barrett due to her illness, detailed new cases and plans for departmental continuity. Stephen Gamble outlined his research program, emphasizing the need for careful and correct examination of UFO theories through small, special interest sections.

PUBLICATIONS AND PUBLICITY: John Barrett announced that the April issue of JTAP was being printed and would circulate by the end of the month. The Journal would feature two lengthy articles: "Solar And Extra-Solar Life - A New Hypothesis" by Ali Abutaha, and "Towards A PSI/UFO Interface" by Manfred Cassirer.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The BUFORA Bulletin consistently focuses on UFO research, scientific investigation, and the dissemination of information within the UK and internationally. There is a clear emphasis on encouraging rigorous research and data collection, as evidenced by the detailed reports on investigations and the call for more papers. The magazine also covers related phenomena like fireballs and popular mysteries such as the Loch Ness Monster, often presenting them through the lens of scientific inquiry and critical analysis. The editorial stance appears to be one of promoting a serious, evidence-based approach to the study of unexplained phenomena, while also acknowledging public interest in more speculative or folkloric subjects. The organization's structure and activities, including council meetings, membership drives, and publication schedules, are regularly reported, highlighting BUFORA's role as a central hub for UFO research in Britain.

This issue of the BUFORA Bulletin, dated August 1984, focuses on the intersection of UFO phenomena and religion, alongside an in-depth investigation into the Broadhaven UFO case. The publication also includes reports on BUFORA's organizational activities and a special 'Stop Press' section.

Meeting and Publicity Reports

The issue opens with a report on a meeting called for May 5th to discuss the content of an October publication. Lionel Beer, Publicity Officer, noted 25 EASTEL enquiries in February and March 1984 and discussed advertising plans in TIME OUT, CITY LIMITS, and THE GUARDIAN to promote BUFORA's monthly lectures. He expressed concern about an article on Ministry of Defence UFO reports published in THE OBSERVER on March 4th, 1984, which he felt was released without his prior knowledge, emphasizing the importance of liaising with him for press statements.

Other Business and Lecture Programme

Council members then turned to agenda items including suggestions for the 1984-85 lecture programme. Lionel Beer agreed to take on the task of becoming the official Association historian. The meeting concluded with a lecture by Jeremy Lockyer on "UFOS AND RELIGION."

UFOs and Religion Lecture

Jeremy Lockyer, a local government officer and member of the Baha'i faith, presented his views on the messages given to contactees and abductees. He has been a member of BUFORA since 1978 and his religious faith, the Baha'i faith, is a 19th-century offshoot of the Islamic religion. Arnold West chaired the session. Lockyer emphasized that his views were personal and not representative of the Baha'i faith itself. The Baha'i faith's central tenets include belief in life on other planets, world unity, world government, compulsory education, and complete sexual equality.

Lockyer's main premise was that ufologists had focused too much on the physical nature of UFOs and ignored their spiritual significance. He argued that if one dismissed UFOs as meaningless or religion as mumbo-jumbo, then linking the two becomes impossible. He suggested that UFOs might be extraterrestrial, or that earthlights or psychological beliefs could trigger the phenomenon, but questioned whether these could manifest true spiritual messages. His arguments rested on the idea that the Extraterrestrial Hypothesis (ETH) was the answer to the phenomenon.

He addressed the spiritually aware who were often appalled by the "bizarre, often near blasphemous" stories surrounding UFOs, such as claims of UFOs hovering over the crucifixion or taking Christ away at the time of His resurrection. Lockyer suggested that the messages from aliens might be part of a scheme to make people aware of something beyond the material world, arguing that while science had improved material life, it had led to a loss of spiritual and moral values. He proposed that science and religion should work in harmony.

Lockyer briefly discussed the case of Betty Andreasson, noting the difficulty in determining if her abduction experience was real or a result of her deeply held religious beliefs, particularly regarding the phoenix symbol's Christian connotations. He also suggested that Mrs. Andreasson might have been used by aliens because her religious beliefs enabled her to articulate their message.

Regarding spiritual man, Lockyer stated that while people desired UFO landings or superior races to solve mankind's problems, this was unlikely. He believed that man already possessed the means to halt chaos by exploring his spiritual nature. Life, he posited, was a journey towards God, with the physical body acting as a repository for spiritual experiences. The Baha'i faith believes the soul exists outside the physical body and is linked to the spiritual body.

During the "Question Time" session, diverse topics were discussed, including world religions, the physical versus spiritual aspects of UFO sightings, the link between Marian sightings and UFOs, and whether UFOs were diabolical. Lockyer asserted that religious differences reflected different aspects of the same God, indicating a form of religious unity. He highlighted that the Baha'i faith encourages members to search for their own truth, rather than adhering to strict theological dictates.

The lecture concluded with an acknowledgement that the evening was filled with "unresolved, fragile arguments" and that the audience struggled to grasp the tenuous nature of both UFOs and religious beliefs.

The Broadhaven Case Re-examined

This section, authored by Cynthia Hind, revisits the famous 1977 Broadhaven (Dyfed) UFO case. Hind, an investigator and authority on African UFOs, notes that despite initial publicity, the case had received little attention since. She points out that investigators like Hilary Evans had noted misapprehensions regarding the story's truth, and BUFORA investigators had found different results. Hind expresses surprise that the matter had been allowed to rest.

She criticizes the "sloppy reporting and uncritical belief" in some books about the case, recounting a personal instance of booking into the wrong hotel due to an inaccurate map. Hind also highlights the bitterness in Broadhaven regarding how the case was handled, with many witnesses reportedly portrayed in a negative light or misreported.

The main protagonists of the Broadhaven case are identified as Pauline and Billy Coombs and their five children, along with 15 children from Broadhaven Primary School, Rosa Grenville and her daughter Francine, and other fringe witnesses.

Pauline and Billy Coombs

Pauline Coombs' account began with seeing an unidentified light fall into the sea, followed by sightings of humanoids on Stack Rock. She and her husband Billy later saw an entity peering into their upstairs window. The article notes "several question marks" against Pauline's story. Billy Coombs, though not a direct witness to the UFO, was involved in an alleged cattle teleportation incident. His prior conviction for theft is mentioned, with a quote from Ludovic Kennedy's "10 Rillington Place" asserting that a criminal record does not automatically invalidate a witness's testimony if the record is irrelevant to the case.

Hind supports the psychological approach to witnesses, suggesting it influences character assessment. She questions whether Billy Coombs is a congenital liar or a thief, and if the latter, whether his word should be dismissed. Coombs' main claim to fame was his story about cattle teleportation from Ripperston Farm to an adjoining one, events Hind agrees were not thoroughly investigated.

Coombs reported that on several occasions, cattle were found milling around in his farm-yard after being locked in the shed. The Klass couple, neighbours, suggested the cattle moved themselves. Hind visited Ripperston Farm, finding it deserted. She speculates that the shed door could have been opened by pressure from the herd, and the gate was flimsy. She notes that the farms are close, and the fields allow for quick movement by cattle. The importance of the time factor in such alleged teleportations is raised, questioning how long it would take cattle to move between farms and whether other witnesses existed and were questioned.

A story from "The Uninvited" suggests a taller than two-meter figure appeared at the Coombs' cottage window, which villagers reportedly dismissed as a hoax by two Round Table members. The Coombs maintained it was a white-suited entity, and they called the police. Hind questions whether this was checked with the police and their response to the village story.

Haven Fort Hotel/Rosa and Francine Grenville

Hilary Evans also suggested Rosa Grenville was a victim of a hoax, but Rosa replied that she could not see how anyone could have played such a hoax, and it was the first time she had heard the rumour. Rosa owns a house near the hotel and visits when off duty. Her initial UFO experience occurred on the night of April 19th, 1977. Alone in the hotel, she saw an object "like an upside-down saucer with a dome" with bright coloured flames approaching. The object sank to the ground about 18 meters away, and two men in one-piece suits emerged. She described them as humanoid but featureless, with long arms and legs.

Rosa called out to them, but then closed the window, feeling shaky. She ran to a guest's room but hesitated to wake him. Peering out again, the field was dark and empty. Rosa stated she had not been drinking and was not asleep, and that what she saw was real. The experience left her unable to sleep.

As dawn approached, she examined the landing site and found a circular area about 32 meters wide and 10 cm deep that was badly burnt. She reported the incident to her guests, who responded with jests. Soon after, she discovered that Pauline Coombs and children from Broad Haven County Primary School had also seen the UFO. Hilary Evans noted that the daughter of the Haven Fort Hotel proprietor reported mysterious rattling window panes, which Evans found a weak explanation.

Francine Grenville, Rosa's daughter, described a violent shattering of her window one morning, which she had never experienced before and found frightening. Hind suggests this might have been caused by jets from a nearby air base, though the specific timing is unexplained.

A few weeks before the UFO incident, Rosa's cottage roof had been renovated. After her sighting, a bad storm caused water to seep into the cottage. Mr. Gurson, the renovator, found a badly burnt area inside the roof, which he would have noticed if it had been there previously. This burnt area was far from the chimney, and no fire had been lit. Ministry of Defence officials and Mr. Randall Pugh agreed the marks indicated intense heat. Hind relates her own investigation in South Africa where a UFO landing caused severe burning and damaged a tennis court and trees.

Broad Haven County Primary School and the Children

Mrs. Beth Morgan of Broad Haven County Primary School recounted children running into her classroom during a break period to report a UFO outside in the grounds of the sewage farm. Initially dismissive, she took them seriously when the children (10-11 year olds) persisted. The headmaster, Mr. Llewellyn, asked six children to draw what they had seen. The drawings, while not entirely consistent, were presented as evidence, suggesting that consistency might imply collaboration. Figures 1, 2, and 3 (not provided in the OCR text) are referenced as these drawings.

Stop Press

Bob Digby departed for Saudi Arabia on Tuesday, May 2nd. On Saturday, April 28th, he appeared on TV am with Sergeant Tony Dodd of South Yorkshire Constabulary, who was interviewed by Henry Kelly about UFO sightings in the area. Viewers were asked to submit details and photographic evidence of any sightings. It is hoped this TV slot might become permanent. Bob Digby is expected back in the UK for a brief holiday at the end of June.

Photo Call

Photographs are included: one showing proceedings from BUFORA's 3rd International Conference with Ali Abu Taha, Robin Lindsey, Chairman Bob Digby, and Dr. Hynek. Another features Stanton Friedman, who gave a talk entitled "FLYING SAUCERS ARE REAL." A third photo shows Lionel Beer and his helpers at BUFORA's inaugural meeting in September 1962, 21 years prior.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue revolve around the complex relationship between UFO phenomena and religious beliefs, the critical examination of witness testimony and case evidence, and the organizational activities of BUFORA. The editorial stance appears to be one of critical inquiry, encouraging detailed investigation and questioning unsubstantiated claims, while also acknowledging the profound impact of these experiences on individuals. There is a clear emphasis on the need for rigorous investigation and a cautious approach to interpreting evidence, particularly in cases like Broadhaven where witness credibility and reporting accuracy are central issues.

Title: The BULLETIN
Issue: No. 42
Volume: Vol. 10
Date: February, 1984
Publisher: BUFORA
Country: United Kingdom
Language: English

This issue of The BULLETIN, published by BUFORA, delves into the persistent and complex UFO sightings in West Wales, particularly focusing on the Broadhaven incidents. It features contributions from Jenny Randles, who defends her investigative approach and book 'The Pennine UFO Mystery', against criticism from Steuart Campbell. The magazine also includes witness accounts, analysis of UFO phenomena, and discussions on investigative methodologies.

The Broadhaven School Sightings

The issue revisits the Broadhaven school sightings, where children reported seeing unusual craft. Mrs. Morgan, a child psychologist, noted that the children's drawings depicted a cylindrical object with radiating lines. Mr. Evans, another investigator, suggested the children might have been misled by a sewage plant operation, a theory that the author finds unconvincing due to the plant being unmanned and the clear visibility from the playground. The author maintains that the child witnesses saw something other than plant equipment.

Men in Black Encounters

The article discusses the phenomenon of 'Men in Black' (MIB) appearing after UFO sightings. It recounts an incident involving Rosa and Francine, who reported seeing two men described as 'mirror-images' and 'identical twins' after a sighting. These men, with pale skin and sleek black hair, asked to see Rosa and mentioned going to Croesgoch. Their car was described as metallic and of unusual shape, and it disappeared mysteriously, not passing by the restaurant window as expected. Caroline Klass also reported a similar visit, though she did not see the second man.

Stack Rock and Related Incidents

The Stack Rock area in St. Brides Bay is discussed as a location of interest for UFO activity. Peter Paget's theory of it being a UFO base is mentioned, though the author, like Hilary Evans, finds it far-fetched. The Haven Fort Hotel, which owns Stack Rock, had issues with its cellar passage being flooded, leading to two men in diving equipment boarding it up. Later, Rosa reported seeing a bright orange, moon-shaped object over Stack Rock, with two figures descending into the sea. This was followed by reports of unmarked army trucks, troops, and frogmen in the area, with the official explanation being landslide repair.

Investigative Approaches and Critiques

Jenny Randles defends her book 'The Pennine UFO Mystery' against Steuart Campbell's criticism, particularly his assertion that her work is too broad and not focused enough. Randles argues that her approach of including various aspects of ufology, such as earth-lights and atmospheric phenomena, is necessary for a comprehensive understanding. She emphasizes her role as an intermediary between the UFO community and the public, aiming for honest reporting rather than sensationalism. She also defends her practice of citing other researchers, viewing it as essential for acknowledging their work and developing progressive thinking.

Randles explains her progression through different books: 'UFO Study' as a guide for investigators, 'Alien Contacts' exploring close encounter theory and the 'Quasi-Conscious' experience, and 'UFO Reality' which considered both UAPs and close encounters, defining the 'OZ Factor'. She admits that her books may lack neat answers because the subject itself is complex and evolving, and she is committed to retaining her integrity by acknowledging the uncertainties.

BUFORA and Public Involvement

The article includes a section on how the public can help BUFORA, calling for investigators in the London and Home Counties area and encouraging members to pass on UFO reports from local media. It highlights the importance of an open-minded, objective approach and a sympathetic attitude towards witnesses.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue revolve around the investigation of UFO phenomena, particularly in the West Wales region. There is a strong emphasis on witness testimony, the challenges of distinguishing between genuine sightings and hoaxes, and the importance of rigorous, ongoing investigation. The editorial stance, as represented by Jenny Randles, is one of cautious inquiry, acknowledging the complexities and uncertainties of the subject, and advocating for a balanced, non-sensationalist approach to reporting and analysis. The issue also touches upon the psychological aspects of witness accounts and the potential for misinterpretation or deliberate deception.

This document, identified as the second part of a two-part paper, focuses on the photographic evidence of widespread UFO activity in the Norwegian towns of Arendal and Hessdalen, building upon information from the February 1984 bulletin. It details a project initiated to investigate this phenomenon and seeks voluntary help and financial aid.

Photographic Evidence from Arendal and Hessdalen

The core of the paper is the analysis of photographic evidence gathered from five films shot between November 12th and December 1st, 1982, in Strømmen and other locations in Norway. The technical details of the photography are provided: a Minolta XG-2 SLR camera with a Vivitar 400mm/5.6 lens (mostly used with a UV filter) and Fujichrome 400 film. A Slik Master Standard tripod was used, and all photographs were taken outdoors.

The photographs were enlarged using a slide duplicator and tele-doublers, with some enlargements going through a 16x16 magnification. The resulting slides include originals and specially selected copies.

Analysis of Photographs

Photographs A4 and A5 are described as showing a bright red light blinking and pulsating, moving from south to north with a slight tossing motion. The blinking was irregular, with powerful and smaller blinks, and a shivering effect. The underside of the object also had a small, shivering red light. This object is suggested to be the cigar-shaped object seen on November 19th, 1982.

Slide A5 also shows an object with four lights in a square, with two larger lights at one end and two smaller ones at the other, plus an additional small light. These lights blinked simultaneously during a 10-second exposure. One blink on A5 is noted to start at the top and move left.

Slide A4x2 shows a star near the red blinking object, indicating the object tossed while the camera remained steady on its tripod. The red blinking object on Slide D2 is similar to that on A4/A5, showing movement and blinking in a rhythm and at sharp angles.

Slide A5x16C depicts a small UFO emerging from a larger craft. Blinks A, B, and C are enlarged, with B and C showing bluer colors and C lacking a fifth light.

When photographing A4 and A5, the camera was aimed at the red blinking object, estimated to be at a distance of 2-4km and at a 30-45° angle. Smaller lights on the object were not noticed at the time but had been seen earlier in a weaker form.

Slides A6 and A7 were over-exposed and uninteresting. Slide 9 shows a light above pine trees. Slides A10, A11, A12, and A13 show aeroplanes for comparison, with their blinking red, green, and yellow/white lights moving at regular intervals and in straight lines.

The camera shake during shooting is noted, resulting in a smooth, sinusoidal curve for plane lights, whereas UFOs moved in all planes.

B Film Analysis

Film B yielded a series of photographs showing four lights in a square within a cylinder of light that sometimes shaded the UFO. This cylinder engulfed the weakest blinks, suggesting it was more than a lens flare. Enlarged copies sometimes showed lens flare due to the copying light and the non-multicoated duplicator.

Slide B5 shows four blinks: the first green with a lighted form, the second a double-blink with the UFO shaded by a cylindrical cloud, and the third showing the form of the first blink within the cloud. Blink four shows forms similar to blink three but without the cloud. Slides B6 and B9 show something similar to B5, while B7 and B11 were over-exposed. B12 and B13 show some forms, and B15 contains interesting features.

Slide B16 shows a yellow/red, shivering light that moved swiftly in all three planes, making 90° turns with large blasts of light, suggesting immense energy consumption. This behavior, seen by many witnesses in November 1981, is considered impossible for planes, balloons, or helicopters.

The paper suggests such movement could be driven by electro-magnetic or gravitational power, allowing the object to curve space around itself.

C Film Analysis

Slides C1 and C2 show rapid jumps, but not due to camera instability, as stars are visible. The tele-lens covered a small part of the sky, and the 5-10 second exposure captured bright stars. Some photos were taken in semi-darkness.

Slides C1 and C2 appear to show an object with two red and yellow shivering lights. C3 shows an oval, domed object with a green ring at the base, a form also seen in other photographs (A5, B5, B6, B15, B16, C7, C11, C14, C32, D8). C7 shows a typical half-moon shape of a strong blink, with a dome visible.

C9 shows small blinks similar to C36x64c. C11 shows a shape with a blue dome and brim, and a yellow/green brim, possibly reflecting light or being the top of a cylindrical blast.

C14 appears to show C3 from different angles. C18, though over-exposed, seems to show a large, lit cylinder with a UFO. C21 shows four blinks, one with a saucer shape. C24 and C25 show after-blink traces but were under-exposed, as were C26 and C27. These objects moved up and down and at right angles.

C28 shows half-moon shaped blinks in beautiful colors, suggesting the UFO danced or moved directly towards the lens. A diagram illustrates the movement paths.

D and E Film Analysis

D1 likely shows a UFO with one light that becomes three in a square, resembling A4/A5 and C1/C3. It moves rhythmically with sharp angles. D2x4 shows a star. D3/D4 are under-exposed, showing only short traces. D7 is difficult to analyze, and D8 shows blinks, one similar to C3.

E1 and E2 also show blinks, mostly weak, but E2x128c includes a blue light emerging from the top and bottom, possibly seen on C11.

One photograph from Lillestroem, north of Oslo, is included, one of about 10 taken years ago. Two photographs from Hessdalen are also included: Tdlx8 shows a cigar-shaped UFO, and Td2x32 resembles C3.

Conclusion and Observations

The conclusion is that a large cigar-shaped object with huge lights (yellow/white, red) visited the area during 1981-82, accompanied by three oval objects (7-10 meters long) seen in other locations. The form of these objects is indicated in C3, Td2, and A5, with underside structures shown on A5 and B5.

Arne Wisth, a freelance journalist, took 25 good UFO photographs in Hessdalen with a 1000mm super-telephoto lens, which closely resemble those taken by the UFO NORWAY team.

Since the start of the wave up to August 1982, landings with physical traces and close encounters have been recorded. New photographs have been produced, with only a few investigated in depth.

The definite form of the UFOs (seen in C3, Td2, A5) suggests they are constructed objects, not natural phenomena, and their movement confirms this. Their size indicates they likely carry a crew.

The article questions why an advanced civilization would show interest in Norway's sparsely populated areas, given its limited military capabilities. It dismisses the idea of aliens visiting selected people or programming minds due to Hessdalen's low population and the frequent movement through uninhabited valleys.

The possibility is raised that aliens are preparing for something in these areas. UFO NORWAY plans further expeditions to photograph objects and conduct measurements to exclude atmospheric phenomena.

Airship Sightings (Pre-1947)

The article also delves into pre-1947 UFO sightings, specifically focusing on the American 1896-97 wave of "airship" sightings. It references Jerome Clark and Loren Coleman's book "THE UNIDENTIFIED." The Fresno Semi Weekly Expositor reported on December 7th, 1896, about an inventor named George Jennings and his airship made of aluminium, powered by electricity, with issues in steering and stability.

Another inventor, E.H. Benjamin, associated with lawyer George D. Collins, patented a craft. Collins described a 150ft long craft with canvas wings and a bird's tail rudder, capable of controlled ascent. He claimed it traveled 60 miles in 45 minutes.

The Omaha Globe Democrat of April 10th, 1897, alleged John O. Preast was experimenting with airships for ten years. The article also recounts an encounter on April 19th where two farmers provided water to four occupants of a landed airship. The next day, an airship landed near Uvaldo, Texas, and its occupants, including one named Wilson, collected water. Captain Akers, mentioned by Wilson, was reportedly living in Fort Worth in 1876-77.

Trace Cases - Let's Restate Them

This section, authored by Maurizio Verga, defines and discusses "trace cases" in UFOlogy, specifically focusing on "close encounters of the second kind" (CE2) involving durable physical effects on living beings or inanimate matter. The focus is on ground traces, vegetation disturbances, and "fragments."

Ted Phillips Jr's definition of trace cases is presented: any report involving an object on or near the ground with no immediate natural explanation, followed by a physical disturbance on the ground. High strangeness cases are an extension of this definition.

Verga expresses doubts about the subjective factors and indispensable requisites for demonstrating the completeness of an investigation.

A Definition

Verga proposes his own definition for "trace cases": "Any event where the discovery of traces on ground (vegetation and other materials) and/or of substances having various nature and constitution has been associated to what is conventionally known as 'UFO phenomenon', both (when) its manifestation has been reported or only supposed."

He uses the term "UFO phenomenon" rather than "original stimulus" to acknowledge that people often associate traces with an "alien" presence and the broader UFO myth.

High Strangeness Trace Cases

Verga defines "high strangeness trace cases" as events thoroughly investigated (multiple witnesses, site investigations, trace examination, specialist contact) by investigators shortly after occurrence, verifying traces personally. Both witness accounts and physical evidence must be sifted to eliminate conventional causes.

Restriction

A significant restriction is the investigator's confidence level, as subjective elements are hard to eliminate. A case fitting this definition is not necessarily genuine but may have enough quality for preliminary study.

Verga criticizes the superficial examination of conventional explanations by investigators, often presenting it as a "careful examination."

He concludes that reports falling within this alternative definition are acceptable for a preliminary survey but warns against over-valuing them, stating it has often proved fatal.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue revolve around photographic evidence of UFOs, the technical aspects of capturing such evidence, and the analysis of various aerial phenomena observed in Norway. The concept of "trace cases" is explored in depth, with a critical examination of definitions and investigative methodologies. The issue also touches upon historical airship sightings in the US, suggesting a long-standing interest in aerial anomalies. The editorial stance appears to be one of detailed investigation and cautious analysis, emphasizing the need for rigorous evidence and methodology while acknowledging the mysterious nature of the phenomena discussed. There is a clear effort to present factual data and expert opinions, encouraging further research and voluntary participation in ongoing projects.

This issue of the BULLETIN, published by BUFORA, is dated September 1984 and is identified as Volume 10, Number 3. The cover headline focuses on "The Adamski/Rodiffer Film," suggesting a deep dive into historical UFO sightings and the potential involvement of George Adamski.

The Adamski/Rodiffer Film

The lead article discusses a man named Wilson, who was acquainted with the magazine's author and was reportedly working on aerial navigation with the goal of astonishing the world. Wilson is described as a finely educated man who devoted his time to his investigations. The story of these historical sightings and the mystery surrounding Wilson are woven into the fictional novel "GENESIS" by W.A. Harbinson. The novel suggests Wilson studied at MIT and Cornell, becoming an aeronautical genius who designed and built airships. Wilson himself is quoted as stating, "We mixed half truths with lies" to protect secrets. The article claims that by 1904, "we had crossed the Pacific, and our lights, which were seen by the Navy, were called natural phenomena." The piece poses questions about whether Wilson visited Britain in 1909 and 1913, and whether he was the true mastermind behind a marvellous aerial vehicle, or if others like Preast, Jennings were.

A letter from Mrs. D. Eakins of Woodchurch, Kent, elaborates on the Adamski/Rodiffer film. She met Madeline Rodiffer in Montreal in 1968 or 1969, when Mrs. Eakins was a member of the Montreal UFO Society. During a private viewing of the film, it reportedly showed several "Adamski-type" UFOs flying above treetops and following a highway. Mrs. Eakins describes the film as being in colour, very clear, and accurate, noting that the trees swayed with the wind and convection currents from the UFOs. She believes that if the film were a fake, it would have required extreme effort to create. The film received significant publicity in Canada. A public viewing in Montreal was attended by approximately 2000 people, with many turned away. Mrs. Eakins recalls Madeline Rodiffer as kind, sincere, and perhaps eccentric, claiming the US government stole her film for analysis and that it was the only one the government couldn't prove was fake. Mrs. Eakins also notes meeting many North American UFO enthusiasts between 1968-69 who believed the US government was secretly involved with and concerned by UFO sightings.

Investigator Training Workshop

An announcement details an "INVESTIGATOR TRAINING WORKSHOP" scheduled for Saturday, July 7th, 1984, at Tufnell Park Hall in London. This was a joint meeting between BUFORA and ASSAP. The programme included an introductory talk by Ken Phillips, BUFORA's Training Officer, followed by "PROJECT 1: THE UFO ANAMNESIS TEST" and "PROJECT 2: Conclusions on the Anamnesis Test." Further details were available from Ken Phillips in Milton Keynes.

Obituary: Lou Zinsstag (1905-1984)

The issue includes an obituary for Lou Zinsstag, co-author of "George Adamski - The Untold Story." She passed away in Basle, Switzerland, on January 19th, 1984, at the age of 79. Her interest in UFOs began in 1954, and she became Adamski's Swiss representative in 1957, serving until 1964 when disagreements over Adamski's claims led them to part ways. The obituary highlights "The Untold Story," co-written with Timothy Good, as containing invaluable information about Adamski. Zinsstag also had articles published in FSR in 1958 and 1961. Timothy Good is quoted praising her energy and love of travel, arts, and animals. She was related to Carl Jung and had written about his early life. Her extensive collection of UFO books, photographs, and articles was donated to Basle University for research purposes. The obituary concludes that ufology has lost a vital personality.

BUFORA Operations and Publications

Several sections detail BUFORA's activities and publications:

• Distribution Agent Wanted: BUFORA is seeking a distribution agent in the south-eastern or south-western areas of the UK to handle its publications, the BULLETIN and JTAP. The role involves inserting journals into envelopes, applying labels, and posting them. It is a voluntary position, ideal for a retired member.
• Editor-in-Chief Wanted: Following Bob Digby's departure for Saudi Arabia, BUFORA is looking for a new Editor-in-Chief for JTAP, the BULLETIN's sister publication. The applicant needs good journalistic and writing skills and will be involved in preparing and selecting papers for the bi-annual journal. This is also a voluntary post.
• Special Offer BUFORA Publications: A list of publications is offered at special rates to members, including "Close Encounter at Livingston," "UFO Investigation," "Congress '79," and "Vehicle Interference Project." Applications should be sent to Robin Lindsey, Librarian.
• 21st Anniversary Memorabilia: Lionel Beer has copies of a four-page leaflet detailing BUFORA's history, along with special red lapel badges. Details are provided for ordering these items.
• Membership Renewals: The majority of membership renewals are due on August 31st, with a subscription increase effective September 1st, 1984. Members who recruit a new member before September 1st can renew at the old rate of £12.50, as can their new recruit.

Fireball/Meteor Sightings

Readers wishing to report fireball sightings are directed to contact Dr. John Mason, who is involved with the British Fireball Survey and is a lecturer at Imperial College, London.

Ley Hunters Moot

Information is provided for the Ley Hunters Moot, hosted by the magazine EARTHLIGHTS, to be held in Shrewsbury from July 28th to July 30th, 1984. The event will take place at the Shrewsbury Music Hall, with details on costs and booking information provided.

Book on Rendlesham Forest UFO

A new book titled "SKYCRASH - A Cosmic Cover Up" by Brenda Butler, Dot Street, and Jenny Randles is announced. It is set to be published by Neville Spearman Ltd. in the early autumn and will examine official evidence and documentation on the Rendlesham Forest UFO incident of December, 1980. An evening lecture on October 6th, 1984, will revisit the incident, with Brenda and Dot Street as the main speakers.

Editorial Stance

The British UFO Research Association (BUFORA) explicitly states that it "does not hold or express corporate views on UFO phenomena. Contributions reflect only the views of the editor or the authors." Original material is copyright to the contributor and BUFORA, and other copyright holders must be clearly marked.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

This issue of the BULLETIN demonstrates BUFORA's commitment to investigating UFO phenomena through various means, including film analysis, training workshops, and the publication of books and reports. The focus on historical cases like Adamski, alongside contemporary events like the Rendlesham Forest incident, highlights a dedication to exploring the breadth of UFO research. The magazine also serves as a platform for member engagement, volunteer recruitment, and information dissemination regarding events and publications within the UFO community. The editorial stance is clear: contributions represent individual authors' views, not necessarily the organization's official position, emphasizing a commitment to open discussion and research.