JTAP - Vol 4 No 2 - Mar 1986

Magazine Overview

Title: The Journal of Transient Aerial Phenomena
Issue: Volume 4, No. 2
Date: March 1986
Publisher: The British Unidentified Flying Object Research Association Ltd. (BUFORA)
Country: United Kingdom
Language: English
ISSN: 0143-8840

Editorial

The Threads Start to Pull Together

S.J. Gamble, Director of Research, opens the editorial by stating the journal's purpose: to highlight significant advances and issue warnings, similar to other journals. He reflects on the journal's six years of publication, emphasizing that its core objectives remain to publish research articles and encourage the application of the scientific method to UFO study. Gamble notes that many people initially believed UFOs were extraterrestrial spacecraft, often without questioning the evidence. He points to the International Committee for UFO Research and the development of standardized definitions as positive steps. The editorial also mentions the work of Keul and Phillips on witness anamnesis and controversial views on the Hill abduction. Gamble suggests that JTAP has contributed to considering theories beyond simple extraterrestrial explanations, proposing at least four classes of explanation for UFO phenomena, including natural phenomena.

More recently, the journal has published work by Manfred Cassirer on the PSI/UFO interface, including research on 'Angel hair.' Gamble acknowledges that this part of Cassirer's thesis has been questioned by Bob Morrell. He notes that the field is beginning to see researchers propose theories that are then built upon by others, citing Cassirer's work as an example. The editorial emphasizes the importance of considering additional evidence and modifying original concepts to make progress.

Gamble then transitions to the theme of how different threads of research are coming together. He mentions the correspondence on 'Angel hair' as an example of researchers starting to consider evidence more objectively. He also highlights the publication of preliminary results from Keul and Phillips on their UFO Anamnesis work, which provides independent evidence supporting a previously published theory. Additionally, the issue includes preliminary results from Paul Fuller's survey on computer usage in UFO research. Gamble expresses disappointment at the very small number of survey responses, suggesting apathy among members. He notes that a recent government survey found a significant percentage of UK homes had microcomputers, implying a potential for greater engagement with computing in UFO research.

He reiterates the need for BUFORA members to respond to the survey, urging them to consider the implications of their apathy. The editorial concludes by suggesting that the journal is starting to see a great deal of overlap between UFO and psychic research.

Computers and UFology

This section, authored by Paul Fuller, Research Officer, explores the role of computers in UFO research and BUFORA's operations. Fuller begins by examining the results of a survey conducted in conjunction with the September 1985 issue of JTAP and the November 1985 BUFORA Bulletin, which aimed to assess readers' use of home computers.

Survey Abstract and Findings

Fuller notes the "very small number of responses" to the survey and discusses potential ways computers can be used to advance BUFORA's work. He highlights that BUFORA's Research Department has been seeking information about members' access to computing facilities to plan for computerisation. The aim is to understand the future of computing in the field and how it can assist the society.

Fuller expresses disappointment with the low response rate, attributing it to apathy or a lack of interest among members. He contrasts this with the widespread adoption of computers in UK homes. He outlines several advantages of computerisation for BUFORA:

1. Administrative Efficiency: Recording membership records, generating standard letters, and managing address labels can be streamlined, saving the membership secretary time and allowing for better monitoring of membership fluctuations.
2. Information Management: Creating a database of books and journals related to UFOs would help introduce new researchers to quality articles and combat sub-standard literature.
3. Production Efficiency: Computer technology can significantly improve the efficiency of producing the journal, allowing for easier editing, storage, and layout of text and graphics.
4. Research Undertaking: A comprehensive database of UFO and IFO reports, complete with relevant parameters, would greatly assist in research, enabling statistical analysis and providing a clearer picture of report characteristics. This would be invaluable when trying to persuade detractors.

Fuller emphasizes that without a proper, planned research effort, BUFORA might as well cease to exist. He stresses the importance of scientists reviewing existing literature, which computers can facilitate.

Questionnaire Results

Fuller reports that only six replies were received from a membership of over three hundred, deeming this response rate "pathetic." He acknowledges that this might be predictable but expresses his disappointment. He thanks the six members who responded: Mr. K. Carroll, Mr. J. Danby, Mr. H. Evans, Mr. S. Gamble, Mr. H. Kapherbeek, and Mr. N. Mortimer.

Of the six respondents, five owned computers, and one had access to computers at work or college. Four owned different types of home computers (Apple II, BBC Model B, Commodore 64, Spectrum Plus), with a total storage of 320Kbytes. Four respondents' computers had the capability for communication with other computers, though only three owned modems. Three respondents owned elementary statistical packages, and two had higher education studies in computing. The respondents were geographically dispersed, making collaboration difficult.

Fuller concludes that BUFORA must make a policy decision regarding its commitment to computing in the coming years, as enthusiasm will not sustain the effort indefinitely. He notes that computers have the potential to revolutionize BUFORA's operations and thinking, offering a chance to save effort and money that can be concentrated on investigations and research. The major problem identified is hardware incompatibility, but BUFORA should plan its strategy to make the most efficient and reliable use of existing expertise. He suggests that BUFORA should record report data on its own computer to ensure consistent access and build expertise.

An editorial note from BUFORA Council acknowledges the advantages of developing a firm computing policy and states that at the December 1985 Council meeting, it was agreed to investigate the possibility of purchasing their own computing equipment.

Computing Survey

A plea is made for members to complete the survey form (included on pages 39) to help BUFORA plan its computerisation efforts. The survey asks about computer ownership, access, model, memory, operating system, data storage, communication capabilities, statistical programs, and willingness to be involved in future UFO data recording. It also requests details of technical, professional, or academic qualifications.

Anamnesis As A Method Of Assessing Witness Reliability

Introduction by Stephen Gamble, Director of Research

This article introduces two papers related to the Anamnesis test, developed by psychologist Dr. Keul for assessing the reliability of UFO event reports.

Abstract

The Anamnesis test is presented as a method for evaluating the credibility of UFO witness reports. Two short papers are included: one describing the thinking behind the test, and another presenting recent results.

Introduction

Stephen Gamble recalls his proposal in the September 1985 issue of JTAP that UFO witnesses should be regarded as recording instruments, necessitating a method for calibrating their abilities and limitations. He argues that studying UFO reports should be akin to a criminal investigation, requiring a range of investigative tools and methods to determine the cause of events. While physical evidence and forensic science results are important, they are secondary to the witness's testimony. Gamble references Hendry's work on trace cases and Ted Phillips' catalogue of 715 cases, noting that many of these cases involved mysterious traces found on the ground but no actual UFO witnessed.

In such cases, the study of the "witness" becomes paramount to understand why they perceived certain traces as part of UFO phenomena. The article introduces the UFO Anamnesis test, developed by Austrian psychologist Alexander Keul, as one method for studying UFO witnesses. Keul has collaborated with Ken Phillips on projects applying this technique in Austria and the United Kingdom.

The following pages reproduce two abstracts describing further work on the Anamnesis test and the research of Keul and Phillips. The first abstract is from Keul's address to ASSAP investigators in November 1985, and the second describes some preliminary results of their studies. The authors retain copyright, and requests for reprints should be sent directly to them.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue revolve around the advancement of UFO research methodology. There is a strong emphasis on moving beyond simplistic explanations and embracing scientific rigor. The journal advocates for a more objective and evidence-based approach, as seen in the discussion of witness reliability and the potential of computerisation for data analysis. The editorial stance appears to be one of encouraging critical thinking, thorough investigation, and the integration of new tools and techniques, such as psychological assessment methods and computer technology, to better understand the complex phenomenon of UFOs. There's a clear call for greater member engagement and a more proactive approach to research within BUFORA.

This issue of the "Journal of Transient Aerial Phenomena" (Volume 4, Issue March 1986) focuses on the critical topic of "Anamnesis and witness reliability" in UFO research. The journal, published by BUFORA, highlights the importance of understanding the human element in UFO sightings, moving beyond purely physical explanations. The issue includes a detailed case study of a close encounter in Scotland and discusses the methodologies and challenges of investigating such phenomena.

Anamnesis and Witness Reliability

The lead article, "Anamnesis and witness reliability," by Alexander Keul, emphasizes that UFO research has often neglected the human being as the primary source of information. Keul proposes that a dedicated section be established to study psychological and physiological explanations for UFO origins. He notes that in February 1985, he found openness among ASSAP and BUFORA members to research human effects in UFO phenomena. Keul personally believes that not all UFO phenomena can be explained by physical or psychic means, advocating for a broader understanding that includes philosophy and religious science. The article begins by defining Anamnesis, a Greek word for remembrance, and relates it to understanding a witness's background, including their marital status, beliefs, and memories.

References

The article cites several references related to witness reliability, physical data handling, and selected UFO cases, including works by Gamble, Hendry, Digby, Phillips, and Keul.

The Human Factor in UFO Research

Keul argues that investigators should not dismiss UFO reporters as "cranks" but rather consider them as "normal average citizens." He suggests that psychopathology is not the final solution for understanding UFO reports, as it can blur the picture. The article stresses the need for a comprehensive approach that includes psychosocial variables alongside physical UFO features. A large-scale attempt to record these variables, combined with physical evidence, is proposed. Keul expresses happiness that ASSAP was preparing an updated "UFO Witness Anamnesis" as a standard investigation sheet, supported by BUFORA.

Rorschach Test Analysis

An analysis of Rorschach test results from 33 British and 26 Austrian UFO sighters, along with 25 Austrian non-sighters, is presented. The study aimed to find significant differences in psychosocial details between UFO reporters and the general population. While age and ESP categories showed statistically significant differences, the overall findings suggest that UFO witnesses are not significantly different from the general population in most aspects, except for a higher prevalence of older individuals reporting distant events and a higher "ESP potential" among close encounter witnesses.

Preliminary Conclusions

Preliminary conclusions suggest that ESP might be a significant variable in UFO phenomena, with a potential correlation between higher ESP potential and more intense UFO cases. However, the symbolic content of UFO material in Rorschach tests did not differentiate between witnesses and non-witnesses.

Close Encounter in Scotland: A Follow Up

This section details a report by the Midlands UFO Research Organisation (MURO) on a close encounter experienced by Robert Taylor in November 1979 near Livingston, West Lothian. Taylor, a forester, reported an object hovering near his home, which caused damage to his trousers and emitted an acrid smell. The report includes an introduction by S.J. Gamble, BUFORA Director of Research.

Abstract

The abstract summarizes that the encounter involved damaged trousers, and the results of a study on these trousers are presented.

Introduction to the Case

On November 9th, 1979, Robert Taylor encountered an object hovering a few feet above the ground. The sighting had interesting features, including effects on ground markings and damage to his clothing. Allen Hynek classified this as a "close encounter of the second kind."

The Incident Details

Taylor left his home to inspect forests and was accompanied by his dog. He turned off the main road onto a forest track. Rounding a corner, he saw a large, stationary, hovering domed object. The object was about 100 meters from the M8 motorway. Two small, mine-like objects appeared from underneath the larger object and approached Taylor, attaching themselves to his trouser legs. This caused him to lose consciousness. Upon recovering, the objects were gone, and he found he could not stand.

Aftermath and Investigation

Taylor managed to return home and was later persuaded by his doctor to visit the hospital for X-rays. His trousers were taken away by the police for forensic examination. Later, investigator Steuart Campbell obtained the torn trousers on behalf of BUFORA. Charles Lockwood, Research Projects Officer for BUFORA, collaborated with MURO on a detailed study of the trousers.

Visual Observations of Trousers

The MURO report describes the trousers as heavy-duty black serge. Tears were observed on the outside and on the left hip pocket, which was rectangular and marked with figures but undamaged. The tears were parallel, with angles suggesting they were caused by the offset of fibres. A small puncture was found near the seam. The report also noted numerous dog hairs and mud patches on the trousers.

Practical Tests

Practical tests were conducted on similar blue serge material. The tests suggested that tearing depended on the nature of the puncture and the area of support. The material ripped at about 6.35 kg when placed on a hook. The thickness of the trousers was compared to similar material. The tests indicated that tearing began at 15.9 kg applied, suggesting that a sudden jerk could initiate a tear more easily than a slowly applied weight. Factors like temperature and moisture were considered as potential influences.

BUFORA Information on PRESTEL

BUFORA had provided information about UFOs on EASTEL's PRESTEL section for several years. However, EASTEL withdrew from PRESTEL on February 28th, 1986, making BUFORA's pages unavailable.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

This issue strongly advocates for a more holistic approach to UFO research, emphasizing the psychological and personal experiences of witnesses (Anamnesis) alongside the investigation of physical evidence. The journal highlights the need for collaboration between different research groups and the importance of rigorous, yet open-minded, investigation. The editorial stance appears to be one of encouraging further research into the human factors involved in UFO phenomena, acknowledging that not all cases may have simple physical explanations and that a broader scientific and psychological perspective is required.

This issue of the Journal of Transient Aerial Phenomena, dated March 1986, features a cover story titled "Close Encounter in Scotland." The magazine delves into UFO research, case analysis, and methodological approaches.

Close Encounter in Scotland

This section discusses a case involving Robert Taylor, who reported lying unconscious on the ground near reported spheres. Further work suggested includes using a dummy to match the witness and simulating reported events to improve sighting simulation techniques. The use of a microscope for examining evidence on trousers was also considered, though it was found to have limited value without expertise. Ultraviolet light revealed fluorescence from stitching on pockets and small flecks of dust and fibres. Infrared spectrometry was suggested for further investigation.

June 1976 Fireball

This article by Stephen Gamble, Director of Research, presents preliminary results from a small research project based on BUFORA case reports. The project aimed to create a comprehensive index of reports and to investigate the hypothesis that some UFO reports are misidentified meteors. The study focused on cases from June 6th, 1976, identifying eight reports that occurred between 22:30 and 22:40. These reports described bright lights, some with trails, and were evaluated as fireballs or bright objects. The article details the investigators and locations of these cases, including Herne Bay, Whitstable, Colchester, Kidsgrove, Longton, Crooklands, and Stroud.

Methodology and Future Work

The author stresses that these are preliminary results and that further work is needed. The research involves constructing a hypothesis that UFO reports might be misidentified meteors. The objective is to examine the catalogue of reports to see if any cases have been evaluated as meteors. The computer is to be used to search the catalogue and compare findings with original case reports and newsclippings. The article also discusses the importance of a suitable research environment, clear objectives, and testable hypotheses. It suggests that researchers should not dismiss ideas without evidence and should focus on obtainable objectives.

Making Progress in Research

This ongoing series discusses the challenges and strategies for advancing UFO research. The author emphasizes the need for a scientific approach, clear objectives, and testable hypotheses. It highlights the importance of building upon previous work, such as creating comprehensive databases of UFO sightings and analyzing historical data. The article suggests that researchers should aim to produce verifiable results and that the scientific community should not dismiss UFO phenomena without proper investigation.

Research Infrastructure and Collaboration

The article discusses the need for a viable research environment, including adequate facilities and basic research support. It points out that much research in the UK is done on short-term contracts, which can hinder long-term progress. The author suggests that researchers should leverage existing resources, such as university libraries and specialized databases like BLAISE. The need for a comprehensive index of UFO literature is also emphasized, with BUFORA working on expanding such an index. The article calls for collaboration and encourages researchers to share their findings and participate in joint projects.

New Technology and BUFORA News

The "BUFORA NEWS" section announces that JTAP publications have moved into the 1980s with the use of microcomputers for preparing issues. It also notes an error in the previous issue's page numbering. Under "RESEARCH OPPORTUNITIES," BUFORA is expanding its research efforts and is interested in individuals who want to participate in projects, particularly those involving the application of specific techniques in UFO phenomena or the study of UFO theories. Researchers are invited to contact BUFORA headquarters with details of their qualifications and experience.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue include the rigorous analysis of UFO cases, the distinction between UFOs and natural phenomena like meteors, and the development of systematic research methodologies. The editorial stance promotes a scientific and evidence-based approach to UFOlogy, advocating for clear objectives, testable hypotheses, and the utilization of available resources and technology to advance the field. There is a clear emphasis on the importance of collaboration and the need for a structured research environment to overcome the challenges in UFO research.

This issue of The Journal of Transient Aerial Phenomena, dated March 1986, is published by BUFORA and focuses on rigorous scientific investigation into UFO phenomena. It includes news, correspondence, and articles that aim to elevate ufological research beyond speculation.

Editorial and Journal Aims

The "Aims and Scope of the Journal" section outlines the publication's commitment to scientific analysis and evaluation of UFO phenomena. It acknowledges that ufological research often borders on speculation but strives to provide a platform for scientists and researchers to present ideas, investigation results, and statistical analysis. The journal seeks to incorporate a broad approach, clear commentary, and scientific rigor, aiming to be an authoritative international forum that enhances knowledge of the cosmos and benefits mankind.

Notes for Contributors

Detailed guidelines are provided for authors wishing to submit manuscripts. Contributions should be in English, typed double-spaced on A4 paper with wide margins, and submitted in duplicate. An abstract of approximately 100 words is required. Illustrations should be kept to a minimum and include relevant details. Tables should be prepared for photo-offset reproduction. References should be quoted in the text and grouped at the end. The Editorial Board reserves the right to seek advice from referees and to accept, revise, or reject manuscripts. Book reviews and letters are also considered.

BUFORA NEWS

This section highlights several key points:

• Research Experience: Twenty years of serious UFO study is valued, potentially more than a PhD in astrophysics, emphasizing practical experience.
• Production Assistant Needed: BUFORA is seeking a production assistant to help with the production of JTAP, involving material submission to referees and retyping. This is an honorary position with a small budget to offset expenses.
• Additional Referees Required: Since its inception in 1979, the Journal of Transient Aerial Phenomena has relied on referees to review submitted papers. BUFORA wishes to expand its panel of referees and invites individuals with relevant experience and qualifications to write to Steve Gamble.
• Research Appointments: Two honorary vacancies exist within the research department: Head of Research Section (focusing on psychological/physiological phenomena related to UFOs) and Research Membership Officer.
• References: Two key references are cited: Hill, P.A. (1983) on the interface between UFO reports and new information, and Gamble, S.J. (1984) on the future of research.

Correspondence

This section features several letters:

Towards a PSI/UFO Interface

Steve Gamble responds to Manfred Cassirer's paper, specifically his comments on "angel hair." Gamble argues that the "vanishing angel hair" phenomenon in a 1957 Florida case might be attributed to a conglomerate of material held together by static electricity, suggesting it could be a natural phenomenon rather than paranormal. He criticizes Cassirer's interpretation and points to other cases, like the Puente, California, angel hair case, which he suggests are not well-explained by Cassirer's approach. Gamble also mentions a "white gelatinous substance" described in relation to angel hair, contrasting it with ectoplasm and suggesting a link to spiders, specifically the Teqenaria genus, and their cribellate webs. He notes that these spiders might disintegrate when preserved in alcohol, potentially explaining some observations.

R.W. Morrell's Comments

R.W. Morrell from the Nottingham UFO Investigation Society also comments on the "angel hair" phenomenon. He discusses major problems in the study of angel hair, referencing publications by NUFOIS and OSEAP. Morrell emphasizes that while many reports are unsatisfactory, there is one fact that stands out: the need to avoid mystification and seek mundane explanations. He critiques Cassirer's attempt to introduce paranormal interpretations.

Solar and Extraterrestrial Life: A New Hypothesis

Ali F. Abutaha proposes a new hypothesis about intelligent life on the Sun. The author questions the basis of this hypothesis, stating that UFO data are merely minor confirmations and are otherwise useless to Abutaha. The hypothesis suggests that neutral atoms in the Sun's convection zone could form molecules necessary for life, driven by mechanisms that bring them together. Abutaha implies that such differentiation, similar to that on Earth, has occurred on the Sun. The author of this critique argues that solar temperatures are too high for the necessary chemical combinations to occur and that there is no reason to believe stars contain such molecules. He further argues that liquid water, essential for life, cannot exist at solar temperatures and pressures, and that the proposed mechanisms are not scientifically justified.

BUFORA LECTURES

Announcements for upcoming lectures are provided:

• May 3rd, 1986: Lecture by Mark Birdsall of Yorkshire UFO Society (YUFOS).
• June 7th, 1986: Lecture on the Marian events in Ballinspittle by Lionel Beer.

Lectures are held at London Business School on Saturday evenings at 6:30 pm, with entrance fees of £1 for BUFORA members and £2.50 for non-members.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue revolve around the critical evaluation of UFO phenomena, the importance of scientific methodology, and the distinction between evidence-based research and speculative interpretation. The journal's stance, as reflected in the editorial and correspondence, is to promote a rigorous, scientific approach to ufology, encouraging detailed investigation, peer review, and the exploration of mundane explanations before resorting to paranormal or extraterrestrial hypotheses. There is a clear emphasis on the need for well-documented cases and a cautious approach to extraordinary claims, as seen in the critiques of the "angel hair" and "life on the Sun" hypotheses.