Bolide - Contributions 0038-0063

Magazine Overview

Title: BOLIDE
Issue: Contributions 0037 - 0063
Date: January 1978
Publisher: American Institute of Physics
Country: USA
Language: English
Cover Headline: Maximum energy liberation by ball lightning

This issue of 'BOLIDE' presents a compilation of reports and articles related to unexplained aerial phenomena, ball lightning, and other unusual atmospheric events. The content is primarily a list of cited works and brief descriptions, with some longer excerpts.

Article: Maximum energy liberation by ball lightning

This article, authored by B. N. Kozlov and presented by Academician Yu. B. Khariton, discusses the energy potential of ball lightning. It emphasizes the importance of using a large number of independent facts to determine the maximum energy capable of being liberated. The author cites cases of wood destruction by ball lightning, such as shattering of main topmasts and oak trunks, and the shredding of acacia trunks, to analyze the energy release. A revised computation suggests that the energy liberation by ball lightning is 130 MJ, falling within a range of 10-200 MJ based on wood parameters. The article contrasts this with the much lower energy liberation (1-100 W power, 1-10 kJ total energy) of ball lightning observed freely in the atmosphere. It notes that energy liberation is highly dependent on conditions, particularly electrical resistivity, with a theoretical maximum of 500 MJ when interacting with bodies of optimal resistivity (~300-500 Ω).

Reports and Sightings

Several other entries detail specific sightings and phenomena:

• Hessdalen Phenomena: Leif Havik reports on the Hessdalen phenomena in Norway. A planned Project Hessdalen Part Three in January 1987 was cancelled due to few reported sightings, with a project instead held in Dalarna, Sweden. Havik recounts his personal experience on January 2, 1987, observing an oblong yellow-white light moving from south towards northwest. He notes that while the phenomena still appear, they are not as frequent as in 1982-84. A list of sightings from January 1-12, 1987, includes oblong and globe-shaped lights of various colors.

• Ignis Fatuus in Gorbitz Forest: An account from Rev. Thomas Milner's 'Gallery of Nature' (circa 1860) details an observation of 'ignis fatuus' in a valley in Gorbitz, Germany. Mr. Blesson describes bluish-purple flames and blue flames observed over a marshy area. He conjectures that the flames are caused by continuously burning inflammable gas from bubbles rising from the marsh. Experiments with lighting paper suggest the gas is inflammable. The phenomenon was observed to approach and retreat, and could be extinguished but would renew at its source.

• Red Ball Lightning in Massachusetts: Mrs. Domenica E. Falcione reports a startling event on July 3, 1986. She observed a huge red ball in the sky, followed by an explosion so loud it sounded like a bomb. The incident caused significant damage, including blowing off a sprinkler system meter, denting a garage wall, damaging the fuse box, and affecting major appliances. Firemen and neighbors also witnessed the event. The encyclopedia refers to this as 'red ball lightning'.

• Lights in Carnarvonshire: An excerpt from 'Notes & Queries' (London, 1875) describes lights observed in Carnarvonshire, Wales. Eight lights were seen extending over 8 miles, moving in horizontal, perpendicular, and zig-zag directions. Their color varied from light blue to that of a carriage lamp or electric light. The observer questions if they are 'will-o'-the-wises'.

• 'Boule de Feu' du Brest-Paris: This entry, from 'Phénomènes Spatiaux' (June 1969), details an account from 'Ouest France' and 'Le Parisien Libéré' about a luminous spherical object, described as a 'boule de feu' (fireball), that followed the 'Armor' train from Saint-Brieuc to Rennes on December 18, 1968. The object, described as brilliant white, moved with the train, stopped at Lamballe, and was observed by numerous passengers. The article includes a detailed questionnaire and responses from a witness, exploring possible explanations such as optical illusions or the planet Venus.

• Other Entries: The issue also lists numerous other references and brief reports, including:
• 'Llowarch', 'Those lights in the sky' and 'A mine of experience'.
• M. Marmontel's 'Effets de tonnerre' (Effects of thunder).
• Count L de Sibour's 'The existence of luminous birds'.
• Urner Liddel's 'Phantasmagoria'.
• A. A. McGregor's 'Phantom lights'.
• J. H. Gurney's 'Ornithological report for Norfolk (1907)'.
• F. Lagarde's 'Une chasse à la palombe mouvementée au Col d'Aspin'.
• 'The bizarre story of a lightning strike' from 'Science et vie'.
• A report from the Museum of the Big Bend concerning 'Marfa Lights'.
• Further reports on ball lightning incidents and models.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this compilation are ball lightning, various forms of unexplained aerial lights (including 'ignis fatuus', 'boule de feu', and 'red ball lightning'), and the scientific or observational attempts to understand these phenomena. The editorial stance appears to be one of diligent archival and reporting, presenting diverse accounts and research findings without necessarily endorsing any single explanation, though there is a clear interest in rigorous scientific analysis, as exemplified by Kozlov's paper and the detailed investigation into the Brest-Paris sighting.

This document is an article from the Royal Geographical Society of Australia Bulletin, Volume 17, Issue 1, dated January 1982. Titled "A MYSTERY UNSOLVED - The Story of the Min Min Light", the article is authored by N.W. Bauer and details the enduring enigma of the Min Min Light phenomenon observed in Western Queensland, Australia.

The Min Min Light: An Enduring Mystery

The article begins by referencing the historical significance of the Wentworth family in Australia, particularly William Charles Wentworth, who was instrumental in early exploration and the development of New South Wales. It then pivots to the fourth William Charles Wentworth, who, in 1978, attempted to solve the mystery of the Min Min Light in Queensland but found the enigma remained.

The core of the article is dedicated to describing the Min Min Light, a phenomenon that has mysteriously appeared to hundreds of people in the Winton-Boulia area for almost a hundred years, only to disappear just as mysteriously. Sightings are most frequent near the location of the old Min Min Hotel. The phenomenon is typically described as a luminous oval, resembling a fluorescent football. Its behavior is erratic: it can be stationary, moving, advancing, receding, or hovering. It has been observed to move, bounce, and roll, but never comes close enough to be positively identified. Its light is not constant, and it appears to invite observers to follow it.

Numerous attempts have been made to chase the light, whether on foot, horseback, or in motor vehicles, but none have succeeded in getting close enough to determine its nature. The light has been observed to maintain a constant distance, receding when approached and following when the observer turns away. There is no specific distance at which it first appears; it can be seen from half a mile away or quite close, sometimes disappearing suddenly when it approaches within feet of an observer.

There are no regular times or seasons for sightings. The light has appeared in different months and under various moon phases. It is not a frequent occurrence, with years sometimes passing between sightings. The article emphasizes that the only 'recipe' for seeing the light is to be in the locality when and where it appears, dismissing the notion that it is related to alcohol consumption.

Despite hundreds of sightings and numerous proposed theories and explanations, no single explanation has been universally accepted. Scientists, photographers, and television crews have attempted to document the phenomenon, but the light has eluded them.

Eyewitness Accounts

The article presents several detailed eyewitness accounts:

• Henry G. Lamond's Account (1912): While managing Warenda Station near Boulia, Lamond encountered a greenish light on the road, about half a mile away. He described it as not being a car light due to its height and its floating, rather than traveling, motion. It cast a glow all around. When he stopped singing, his horse, 'Nellie', remained calm, unlike its reaction to a potential car. The light approached directly and got so close he could see the hairs on his arm. It then disappeared suddenly.
• Stockman's Account (post-Min Min Hotel destruction): A stockman, in a state of panic, reported seeing a strange glow in the Min Min graveyard that grew to the size of a watermelon and hovered. It began moving towards him, causing him to flee towards Boulia, with the light appearing to follow him until just out of town.
• Couple's Account: A woman and her husband, strangers to the area, reported seeing a mysterious light that intensified in brightness and moved away from them.
• Another Station Hand's Account: This individual reported seeing a light rise from the old hotel graveyard and move through the air for a considerable distance before disappearing.
• Old Resident's Account: An old resident and his mate observed a light on the plain, which hovered and bobbed for hours before disappearing at midnight. A search the next day revealed no tracks.
• Detective Sergeant Lyall Booth's Account (April-May 1981): While mustering on Werra Station near Boulia, Booth camped by the Bulla Bulla waterhole. He awoke around 11 p.m. to see a light approximately 1500-2000 meters to the northeast, initially mistaking it for a car headlight. He realized it was too far north to be on the main road. The light, initially white and below tree-top height, fluctuated in intensity and seemed to move. After about half an hour, he awoke again around 1 a.m. to see a similar light, now slightly yellow, about 1000 meters to the southwest. This second light was brighter than a dim gas light and appeared to be several feet off the ground, illuminating the area around it. It moved several yards and then remained stationary before suddenly diving towards the ground and disappearing. The camp cook, who was nearby, had seen nothing.
• Mr. Mike Egan's Account (circa 16 years prior to 1982): The local District Inspector of Stock reported seeing a light the size of the moon traveling beside his vehicle on a bush track near Monkira, which stayed with him even when he slowed down due to road conditions. He confirmed it was not the moon and that it disappeared as suddenly as it appeared.

The Min Min Hotel and its Location

The article notes that the Min Min Hotel was a change station for Cobb & Co. coaches. Descriptions of its construction vary, from slabs to corrugated iron. It was operational in 1912 but was reduced to rubble and empty bottles by 1918, likely having been burnt down between 1916 and 1918. The site, visited in 1980, now consists of broken glass and iron railings from nearby graves. The Winton-Boulia road has since been moved.

Physical Characteristics and Behavior

The phenomenon is consistently described as a light, often oval or football-shaped. Its color varies from greenish to white to slightly yellow. Its size is estimated to be comparable to a car headlight or a large watermelon, and it is observed to be several feet off the ground. Its behavior is characterized by its ability to move, hover, advance, and recede, often maintaining a consistent distance from observers. It does not appear to be a conventional vehicle light, as it floats rather than travels and casts a diffuse glow. The light's intensity can fluctuate, and it has been known to disappear suddenly.

Lack of Physical Evidence and Explanations

Despite the numerous sightings and the detailed descriptions, no physical trace evidence has ever been found. Investigations of sighting locations have revealed no tracks or indications of the light's nature or cause. The article concludes that the mystery remains unsolved, with no physical explanation readily available.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring theme throughout the article is the persistent and baffling nature of the Min Min Light. The editorial stance is one of presenting factual accounts and historical context, highlighting the lack of a definitive explanation and emphasizing the reality of the phenomenon for those who have witnessed it. The article aims to document the phenomenon and its history, acknowledging the mystery rather than attempting to definitively solve it. The inclusion of historical figures like William Charles Wentworth and the detailed accounts from credible witnesses lend weight to the reported sightings. The article implicitly suggests that the phenomenon is not easily dismissed as mere folklore or misidentification, given the sober and intelligent nature of many witnesses.

This document contains a French-language article from 'LA MÉTÉOROLOGIE', 4th Series, no. 28, published in October-December 1952. The main article, titled 'SUR UNE OBSERVATION DE « FOUDRE EN BOULE » FAITE EN AVION' (On an Observation of 'Ball Lightning' Made in an Airplane), is authored by M. BARATO UX, a former student of the École Polytechnique and pilot-aviator.

Observation of Ball Lightning in an Airplane

The article details an observation made by M. Barataux and his friend M. René Guyomard during an air trip from Orly to Cairo on November 23, 1948. The flight was on a T.W.A. Constellation aircraft named 'State Of Indiana', with scheduled stops in Geneva, Rome, and Athens.

During the flight, particularly after departing from Athens, the weather was very cloudy, with multiple layers of clouds observed. As they approached Africa, the cloud cover decreased, giving way to intermittent showers.

At 12:05 Paris time (13:05 local time), about half an hour before landing at Farouk aerodrome, M. Barataux felt a jolt beneath the cabin. His initial thought was that they had hit a dog. This was followed by a rubbing sound beneath the cabin, which he compared to wood scraping against a boat anchored in a current.

He looked out the window and saw a yellowish-orange fireball, slightly larger than a tennis ball, surrounded by a dark violet-grey layer about 2 to 3 centimeters thick. It had a short tail and a spiral aspect, indicating rotation. The object was moving almost at the same speed as the aircraft.

Suddenly, the ball exploded, emitting a flash of light in sectors, pale violet-grey, almost whitish, several meters in length, extending upwards and forwards. M. Guyomard, who also witnessed the event, compared it to a magnesium flash. Simultaneously, a loud detonation occurred, louder than a gunshot and resembling the burst of a large firecracker.

The altitude was measured at approximately 3,400 meters by a pocket altimeter, and the cabin was not over-pressurized. The explosion occurred about thirty centimeters from the side of the cabin.

After the explosion, they continued to observe for a moment to see if there was any smoke, but they did not question the stewardess to avoid causing alarm. Unfortunately, upon landing, they were directed towards administrative formalities, and M. Barataux was unable to contact the crew or examine the cabin.

M. Guyomard noted that the tail seemed to lift before or at the moment of the explosion, which M. Barataux did not notice.

M. Barataux's initial thought was a 'misfire' coinciding with a shift in luggage. It was only later, upon seeing a powerful thunderstorm formation to their right, that he considered the possibility of ball lightning, a phenomenon often described in ground-based accounts.

This thunderstorm formation, estimated to be about ten kilometers away and being carefully avoided by the pilot to the east, was described as a corset perhaps a kilometer in diameter at its base, extending up to the cirrus clouds. At that moment, the sky was clear for them.

Conclusions from the Observation

Based on these observations, the author draws two main conclusions:

1. Ball lightning possesses a certain mass, sufficient to cause a shock at a speed of 100 meters per second.
2. In this instance, the ball lightning was carried along by the airplane, evidenced by the time M. Barataux had to turn from his meal and look out the window, hearing the rubbing sound against the cabin, and being able to discern the phenomenon.

He further elaborates that the field of vision was very limited. Assuming a fifth of a second for observing the fireball and another fifth for the explosion, during which the ball traveled only about 50 centimeters, it implies a speed close to that of the aircraft, requiring considerable acceleration from rest. In reality, the total observation time was likely at least one, if not two, seconds.

The event felt as if a force had pressed the ball against the airplane, but the wind eventually pulled it away.

Summary of the Summary (RÉSUMÉ)

The French summary states that from an observation made during an air trip, the author concludes that ball lightning has mass. It also seems to be charged with an electricity that can be contrary to that of an airplane, leading to an attraction that cannot be overcome by a brutal acceleration, but which the force of the translating wind manages to surmount.

Summary of the Abstract (SUMMARY)

The English summary reiterates that from an observation made during an air trip, the author concludes that a ball-thunderbolt has mass. In addition, it seems to be charged with an electricity which can be contrary to that of an aeroplane, whence an attraction which cannot be overcome even by a fierce acceleration but which the power of a translating wind succeeds in surmounting.

Resumen (Spanish Summary)

The Spanish summary states that from an observation made during an air trip, the author concludes that ball lightning has mass. It also appears to be charged with an electricity that can be contrary to that of an airplane, from which an attraction arises that a brutal acceleration cannot overcome, but which the force of the translating wind manages to dominate.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

This issue also contains other articles related to meteorological phenomena and unusual aerial observations, suggesting a recurring interest in unexplained atmospheric events and their potential scientific explanations. The article on ball lightning in an airplane exemplifies the magazine's focus on documenting and analyzing such phenomena, seeking natural explanations rather than resorting to extraterrestrial hypotheses, as indicated by the other articles in the publication.

Title: Knowledge
Issue: September, 1913
Publisher: With which is incorporated Hardwicke's Science Gossip, and the Illustrated Scientific News.
Conducted by: Wilfred Mark Webb, F.L.S., and E. S. Grew, M.A.

This issue of "Knowledge" magazine, dated September 1913, features a prominent article on the existence of luminous birds, alongside excerpts from other publications discussing atmospheric phenomena and folklore.

The Existence of Luminous Birds

By COUNT L. de SIBOUR

The article begins by acknowledging the long-standing topic of luminous birds and the skepticism it often encounters. It asserts that the existence of such birds seems beyond dispute, particularly in England. Sir Digby Piggott is credited with drawing attention to luminous bird sightings in Cambridge in 1907. These unusual feathered creatures had also been noticed by others in the same county and were reported to the Continent via the French ornithologist M. Ternier. Earlier, in 1866, Mr. J. A. Harvie-Brown had mentioned "moving lights" in the same county, though these reports were largely dismissed as originating from country folk.

The increased frequency of apparitions in 1907 finally captured the attention of naturalists, especially in France, where similar cases had been observed in the Vosges and Pyrenees. Sir Digby Piggott reported that in February 1907, near Twiford, Norfolk, a gamekeeper killed a luminous bird identified as a common barn owl (*Strix flammea*). Further sightings occurred in October 1907, with one bird observed on the 19th and 22nd of December, exhibiting a luminosity so strong that the branches of the tree it perched on were visible. The light did not deter mice, as the bird was seen to drop upon them. The intensity of the light was comparable to a bicycle lamp seen from a considerable distance and diminished when the bird flew away from the observer, suggesting the luminosity was concentrated on the breast.

Mr. C. L. Harman reported seeing a luminous bird in the marshes of Haddiscoe on December 25th, 1907. Similar sightings continued through 1907 and 1908 but ceased in 1909. The article suggests the glow on the barn owl's breast is likely due to phosphorescence, and that the extinction of the light might be linked to the moulting of feathers.

Two theories are presented for the origin of this luminosity. Mr. Gurney proposed that the owls might have come into contact with phosphorescent wood, leading to phosphorescent bacteria attaching to their feathers. This theory was widely accepted, especially in Norfolk, and seemed to be supported when Lord Lindley reported a patch of phosphorescence on his property. The article notes that this theory is more plausible than one suggesting contact with luminous fungi, as the latter would likely affect wings and head more than the breast. It also points out that the tree-hole dweller theory is problematic, as similar cases have been observed in Canadian blue herons, which do not inhabit tree holes.

The phenomenon is not exclusive to wild birds, with cases also reported among domestic pigeons. The concentration of light on the breast is attributed to the finer, thicker feathers in that area, which are also harder for the bird to clean, thus retaining more germs and dust. The increase in light during flight might be due to a chemical reaction with the air producing superoxygenation, as agitation of phosphorescent particles intensifies their luminosity.

The article leans towards the fungi theory, citing recent observations by Señor Elorza in Spain, who saw luminous birds in cliffs. These birds, unlike barn owls, lived in cliff-holes and disappeared in May, coinciding with the spring moulting season. This suggests the possibility of another species exhibiting phosphorescence.

Looking back at earlier naturalists, the article mentions Pliny, who recorded luminous birds in the Hercynian forest, and Solin, who alluded to similar observations. Conrad Gessner's 1555 work on rare and admirable plants and other luminous things is mentioned, as is Thomas Bartholin's 1647 work, "De luce animalium," which compiled accounts of luminous animals, including birds. Bartholin's work includes quaint beliefs about the Phoenix and "Incendiaria avis," but also more probable observations, such as luminous fowls in Montpellier, France, in 1641.

Phantasmagoria or Unusual Observations in the Atmosphere (Excerpt)

By URNER LIDDEL (Received December 22, 1952)

This section, dated April 1953, discusses unusual atmospheric phenomena, particularly flying saucers. The author argues that most reports are psychological or due to misinterpretations of physical phenomena. He traces the origin of the "flying saucer" concept to a 1947 newspaper report but notes that unusual atmospheric phenomena were observed long before. Examples include the Star of Bethlehem and observations by early explorers like David Thompson, who described a globular object that broke apart, likely a meteor.

The author criticizes the tendency to exaggerate wonders, citing Lieutenant Bassett's 1885 observation that the human mind tends to magnify things, especially over the ocean. He discusses how reflections, mirages, and fog banks can create illusions. The article mentions Benjamin Franklin's frustration with people ignoring scientific knowledge about lightning. It also touches upon the "Mantell" case, where an Air Force officer died pursuing a "saucer," suggesting it could have been Venus or a balloon. The "Chiles-Whitted" incident involving Eastern Airline pilots is presented as a possible reflection of moonlight.

Liddell emphasizes that most reported incidents can be explained by standard physical concepts, including reflection, refraction, meteors, and diffraction. He dismisses sensational claims and highlights the role of optical illusions, atmospheric conditions, and psychological factors in misinterpreting sightings. The author concludes that there is no evidence to doubt the laws of physics or to support interplanetary travel, and that all reliably reported incidents can be explained with sufficient scientific data.

Phantom Lights (Excerpt from "The Ghost Book")

This section compiles various accounts of "phantom lights" and ghost stories, primarily from Scotland.

Phantom Lights in the Isle of Skye: An Edinburgh doctor reported seeing a bright light in the bay at Broadford, which approached him and then vanished, replaced momentarily by the apparition of a cloaked woman with an infant. The innkeeper later recounted a similar story of a shipwreck involving a dead woman and child.

The Gealbhan (Ball of Fire): In the Rannoch and Breadalbain regions of Perthshire, a phenomenon called the gealbhan, or ball of fire, has been seen skimming the surface of Loch Rannoch.

Ghost Lights on Loch Tay: Two bright balls of fire were reportedly seen speeding along Loch Tay on the night before the re-interment of two brothers, a course that the boat carrying the coffins later followed.

Corpse Candles at Taagan: In Wester Ross, "Corpse Candles" (supernatural lights or tongues of flame) were seen at Taagan, believed to be a forewarning of death. Eventually, two children drowned in the Holly Pool where these lights had been observed.

Lights in Wester Ross and Sutherland: The regions of Wester Ross and Sutherland are noted for numerous accounts of supernatural happenings, including unexplained lights.

Gruinard District Light: Jack Harrison reported a strange light in the Gruinard district of Wester Ross, observed by Hector MacLeod and others. This light, described as a ball without rays, appeared to travel from the heights above the road toward an islet and then disappeared suddenly. It was also observed by John Gunn.

Light near Gruinard House: When Gibb was altering Gruinard House in 1930, an English maid committed suicide at a nearby islet. Following this, a workman reported seeing the light regularly, along with a phantom funeral, leading locals to associate the light with the suicide.

Light in Upper Loch Torridon: A light reported in Upper Loch Torridon, near Ob Mheallaidh, sometimes resembles a ship's light but is also seen moving rapidly. Seven people reportedly witnessed it emerging from Ob Mheallaidh.

Ghost of Bearnn Eile (Lewis): In Carloway, a light is associated with the murder of an Irish pedlar in the mid-eighteenth century. The light reportedly travels from the spot where the pedlar was killed to an old well where his money was hidden. Murdo MacDonald's cousins found a purse with old coins after digging near the well, and the light has not been seen since.

Phantom Light on Carloway Fiord: A motor-boat on Carloway fiord was associated with a weird light hovering about it, leading locals to avoid fishing with it due to its association with fatality.

Uncanny Light at Sandwick: Kenneth MacDonald recalled seeing a huge light flare up on a peaty moss near Sandwick when he was a boy. This light terrified the boys and was later associated with the death of a man from exposure at that spot.

Light on Stoneyfield Road: Morrison and the farmer's son at Stoneyfield saw a strange light running ahead of their trap on the Stoneyfield road. The light could not be overtaken and disappeared near Holm Farm. Later, the farmer drowned.

Ghost Light on Luing: James Campbell saw a bright light on the island of Luing in 1890, which followed the course of a stream and approached him at speed before vanishing.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue are the investigation of unexplained natural phenomena, the distinction between scientific observation and folklore, and the psychological factors influencing perception. The "Knowledge" magazine, through its articles, generally adopts a rational and scientific approach, seeking physical explanations for reported anomalies. The article on luminous birds, while presenting historical accounts, leans towards scientific explanations like phosphorescence. The "Phantasmagoria" section explicitly debunks sensational claims about flying saucers, attributing them to optical illusions and misinterpretations. The "Phantom Lights" section, while recounting folklore and ghost stories, presents them as cultural narratives and potential omens, often with a historical or anecdotal basis rather than a definitive scientific explanation. The overall editorial stance appears to be one of promoting scientific inquiry and critical thinking when confronted with unusual phenomena, while also acknowledging the existence and cultural significance of folklore and eyewitness accounts.

This issue of 'The Ghost Book' focuses on the phenomenon of 'Phantom Lights,' presenting a collection of anecdotal accounts from various regions of the United Kingdom, with a strong emphasis on Scotland. The content spans from historical reports to more recent sightings, exploring the mysterious and often unsettling nature of these unexplained luminous events.

Latheronwheel and Lybster Incident

The issue begins with an account from Latheronwheel, Caithness, where a bright, diffused light was observed on the cliffs for three consecutive nights. This was followed by a severe storm that led to the loss of two fishing boats. A body recovered from the sea below the cliffs was identified as a young fisherman, prompting locals to interpret the light as a supernatural prognostication of the disaster.

Benbecula and the Eyot Light

In Benbecula, one of the Outer Hebrides, islanders reported a vivid phantom light on an eyot in Loch Olavat during the summer of 1938. They believed it to be an omen of death. Tragically, the day after the light's last appearance, an angler named Mr. Swanson, who had gone to the eyot, suffered a seizure and died.

Lewis Shieling Encounter

An account from a Lewis shieling describes a strange occurrence where two young men poaching on the Barvas moor saw a bright, stationary light in an unoccupied shieling. The light repeatedly extinguished when they approached and was later accompanied by faint ghostly music, causing the men to flee.

Harris and Leuchcan Lights

Reports from Harris mention ghost lights seen on shieling sites. The light at Leuchcan is noted for its persistence over the last half-century, with one incident in 1944 where people mistook it for a signal before it vanished.

Luminous Owls and Scientific Inquiry

A significant portion of the issue is dedicated to luminous Barn-Owls, particularly in Norfolk. These sightings, initially met with skepticism, were eventually attested. Frederick Rolfe, a gamekeeper, reported seeing a shining bird that he later identified as a Barn-Owl, which he subsequently shot and found to be emitting light even after death. The general idea in Norfolk is to attribute this luminosity to touchwood found in trees, possibly due to mycelium-forming fungi. Mr. W. P. Pycraft suggests another theory involving feather fungi. The text notes that similar luminous birds have been seen elsewhere, including in Cambridgeshire.

Corpse Candles and Omens of Death

The concept of 'Corpse Candles' is explored, particularly in Wales and Scotland. Farmer John Thomas of Carmarthen reportedly saw a light resembling a candle flame that moved along the ground and later entered his house, coinciding with the illness and death of his children. This phenomenon is presented as a warning sign. Similar lights were seen in the Carmarthen area, often disappearing under the doors of cottages where death had recently occurred.

Argyllshire Encounters

In Argyllshire, Dr. Alan Macartney heard from his host, Donald MacDougall, about a strange experience near Ardmaddy Castle. Donald saw a light moving across a field, which he initially assumed to be a bicycle lamp, but it disappeared mysteriously. He later learned that others had also seen similar phenomena on that path.

Callert House and Loch Leven

The issue mentions a round ball of fire seen issuing from a window in Callert House, situated on the north shore of Loch Leven. This phenomenon, described as a sphere like a large football, travelled horizontally above the loch before dropping into the water. Several colleagues of the late Hugh G. MacColl, a scientist, had witnessed this.

Balliveolan House and Loch Creran

A similar light is reported rising from Balliveolan House at the head of Loch Creran. It appears to ascend from the roof, travel down the loch, and then extinguish in the water. Local residents, including an old gardener named John MacPhee, have repeatedly witnessed this.

Pennine Light

In England and Wales, the Pennine Light is described as a phenomenon frequently seen in mountainous country. Travellers on the road between Scrafton and Witton in Yorkshire report a stretch of road that is brilliantly lit as if by powerful headlights, but no car materializes. The light vanishes when the observer turns onto the major road.

Other Notable Sightings

Other accounts include a strange ball of light seen by Alasdair Drummond near Loch Duntelchaig in Invernessshire, which appeared to be an oversized football hanging in the air. The issue also touches upon a luminous ash stump observed by Lord Lindley.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes throughout this issue are unexplained luminous phenomena, their association with omens of death or misfortune, and the human tendency to seek explanations, whether scientific, folkloric, or supernatural. The editorial stance appears to be one of documenting these accounts without necessarily endorsing any single explanation, presenting them as intriguing mysteries that have captured public imagination for generations. The inclusion of scientific perspectives, such as theories on luminous fungi and bird luminescence, alongside anecdotal evidence, suggests an open-minded approach to the subject matter.

Title: Lumières Dans La Nuit
Issue: n°93
Date: Mars-Avril 1968 (March-April 1968)

This issue of "Lumières Dans La Nuit" (Lights in the Night) features a collection of articles and eyewitness accounts related to unexplained aerial phenomena and atmospheric electrical events, primarily focusing on UFO sightings and ball lightning. The magazine aims to document and explore these occurrences, often presenting them with a mix of personal testimony and scientific inquiry.

Une chasse à la palombe mouvementée au Col d'Aspin

This article recounts an unusual experience that occurred in September or October 1965 near the Col d'Aspin in the French Pyrenees. The narrator and a friend, out for a pigeon hunt in the early morning, witnessed a strange, bright, round light in the sky. Described as having an apparent diameter and a white, neon-like glow, it hovered above the crest of the Mauné. The light then emitted a white, filiform, zigzagging beam that descended vertically, disappearing behind the ridge. Shortly after, a second, identical light appeared, repeating the same process. The witnesses were stunned and felt a sense of unease. Later, as they proceeded with their hunt, they observed six "flying saucers" moving in single file across their field of vision. The experience convinced the narrator, who previously did not believe in UFOs, of their reality.

The Bizarre Story of a Lightning Strike

This short piece, attributed to 'Science et Vie' (February 1981), details an extraordinary event involving Edwin A. Robinson, an American truck driver. In 1971, after a motor accident that left him blind and partially deaf, Robinson was struck by lightning while under a poplar tree. Within twenty minutes, his sight and hearing were fully restored. A subsequent test confirmed perfect vision, and remarkably, he also regained his hearing. As an added bonus, Robinson, who had been bald since age 35, grew a thick head of hair.

Marfa Lights

This section explores the mysterious Marfa Lights, phenomena observed in the Big Bend region of Texas. The lights, described as blinking, moving vertically and horizontally at high speeds, and appearing in white, blue, and red, have defied explanation for generations. The article mentions observations from the abandoned airport near Marfa, where the lights flicker against the Chinati Mountains. Fritz Kahl reportedly chased them in an airplane, and they receded into Mexico. Local accounts describe the lights as harmless, sometimes following people and animals. The earliest reported sighting dates back to 1883. The article delves into various folklore explanations, including fallen stars, Apache warrior ghosts, and the spirits of Indians guarding buried treasure. It also lists numerous proposed natural explanations, such as mica, ground gases, mercury vapor, bat guano, reflections, and static electricity.

How to Report Ball Lightning

Authored by Ronald B. Standler of the State University of New York at Albany, this article addresses the rarity and difficulty of studying ball lightning. It highlights that scientists have struggled to gather sufficient data due to the phenomenon's unpredictable nature. Professor Leonard B. Loeb is quoted emphasizing the lack of quantitative data and the speculative nature of current theories. The article stresses the importance of accurate reporting by witnesses, providing detailed instructions on what to observe and record. Key elements to document include the ball's angular size, trajectory, speed, color, brightness, structure, sound, heat, odor, and any absent characteristics. Witnesses are advised to measure distances, note any damage caused, and record meteorological conditions. Professor Bernard Vonnegut is identified as a contact for submitting reports.

More Ball Lightning Incidents

This section presents several brief eyewitness accounts of ball lightning and similar phenomena:

• Great Bowden, Leicestershire (circa 1882-1884): During a thunderstorm, a family in a horse-drawn cab witnessed a fireball rolling towards them. An explosion occurred as it passed under the cab, tipping it into a ditch and blinding the horse, though the occupants were only shaken.
• Blackrock, County Cork (1915/16): A large red ball, described as two to three times the size of a football, entered a classroom through an open window and ascended the chimney, accompanied by a loud thunderclap that split the building.
• Kent (circa 1927): The witness described round globules of fire, about the size of coconuts, bouncing over apple trees during a gale and heavy rain, with no thunder.
• Vale, Guernsey (1933): While cycling at night, the observer saw a ball of fire bouncing along the top of a hedge.

Ball-lightning model

This scientific article by B. M. Smirnov from the I. V. Kurchatov Institute of Atomic Energy proposes a model for ball lightning. The model suggests that the radiation observed in ball lightning is due to the decomposition of ozone, which reacts with nitrogen oxides. These species are present in elevated concentrations after electrical atmospheric phenomena. The article details a kinetic study of the processes involved, focusing on the decomposition of ozone and nitrogen oxides in excited air. It posits that this chemical decomposition releases energy and warms the air, contributing to the phenomenon's characteristics. The study aims to compare the calculated decomposition time of ozone with the observed lifetime of ball lightning to validate the chemical hypothesis. Transport phenomena are acknowledged as important for shape and dimensions but are excluded from the lifetime analysis.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue revolve around the unexplained, the mysterious, and the scientific investigation of atmospheric and aerial phenomena. The magazine appears to adopt a stance that encourages the collection and documentation of eyewitness accounts, while also seeking to provide scientific perspectives and potential explanations. There is a clear interest in phenomena that challenge conventional understanding, from UFO sightings to the enigmatic ball lightning. The inclusion of both historical folklore and contemporary scientific research suggests an editorial approach that values a broad spectrum of information on these subjects.

Title: The Cambrian News
Issue Date: November 14, 1986
Document Type: Magazine Issue

This issue of The Cambrian News features a blend of scientific inquiry into atmospheric phenomena and personal accounts of unexplained events.

Scientific Articles on Ozone Decomposition and Atmospheric Physics

The issue includes detailed scientific analysis of ozone decomposition in air, particularly in the context of excited air and its potential relation to ball lightning. The articles present tables of chemical reaction rate constants (Table I, II, III, IV, V) and equilibrium constants, focusing on the role of nitrogen oxides. Key reactions discussed include:

• O + O + X → O₂ + X
• O + O₂ + X → O₃ + X
• O + O₃ → 2O₂
• NO + O₃ → NO₂ + O₂
• NO₂ + O → NO + O₂
• NO + NO₂ + X → N₂O₃ + X
• NO₂ + NO₃ → N₂O₅

These reactions are analyzed to understand how ozone concentration and air temperature are affected. The research explores the time scales for equilibrium establishment and the decomposition half-life of ozone under various initial conditions (Table V). The energy released during ozone decomposition (approximately 1.5 eV per molecule) is noted as a factor in warming the air, which in turn accelerates ozone decomposition. The maximum achievable ozone concentrations are discussed, noting that natural conditions are unlikely to produce the high concentrations observed in laboratory experiments.

The scientific section also touches upon the hypothesis of the chemical nature of ball lightning, referencing early ideas by Francois Arago and suggesting that ozone decomposition could be a plausible mechanism, though the glow of ball lightning remains a puzzle.

Personal Accounts of Unexplained Phenomena

Purple Furry/Spiky Bubble (Fleetwood, England)

This account, dated December 3, 1979, describes a spherical object, about six inches in diameter, that floated down a chimney into a room during a thunderstorm. The object was described as a dull purple, covered in a furry/spiky emission, about one inch thick, with spikes two inches long. It appeared semi-transparent and made no sound. It drifted towards the television screen, covering six feet in about four seconds, before disappearing with a loud crack/pop sound and leaving a smell of electrical discharge. The witness, James Huntington, is cited from 'More Ball-Lightning Reports' in the Journal of Meteorology, U.K.

Fireball (Homestead, Florida, USA)

Written by Hillard J. Piekos, this letter recounts an experience from many years prior in Florida. The author describes a fireball, approximately 6 to 8 inches in size and whitish, that entered a screened-in window, made two 90-degree turns within the house, and exited through another screened window without causing any damage. The author, who had previously been skeptical of UFOs, became a believer after a daylight sighting on three separate occasions after retiring from the USAF. He describes the fireball's movement as controlled and not resembling natural phenomena.

A Mine of Experience (Dylife, Wales)

This article, written by Janet Bord, details an experience of a man named Jeff who explored an old mine in the Dylife area in 1984. While in a mine level, Jeff heard a humming sound unlike anything he had heard before, which he initially thought was another person. He then saw a white or pale blue glowing shape, about the size of a small man, which seemed to be the source of the humming. When he switched his light back on, the shape had vanished. Later that evening, an older man told Jeff that in his youth, he and his friends had seen lights emerge from the same mine level at night, which would rise into the air and move off. The article suggests a possible connection between Jeff's 'phantom hummer' and these flying lights.

The Min Min Light (Queensland, Australia)

Authored by Pam Shilton, this article discusses the Min Min Light, a mysterious phenomenon reported in the Australian outback of Queensland for centuries. Described as an unmistakable light, a luminous fluorescent shape that fades and brightens, it has mystified men and is revered by Aboriginals. Various explanations are offered, including static electricity, lightning, fireballs, and owls with luminous feathers, but these are generally dismissed by witnesses. The light is said to be oval, moving in irregular circles and spirals, sometimes ascending and descending. One witness described it zig-zagging along a ridge and illuminating a tree trunk. Another account tells of a stockman being terrified by a large glowing object that followed him. The article notes that the Min Min Light is not just a legend, with recent sightings reported by correspondents O. W. Marlay and Mick Power in 1980, who observed the light at a distance without it disturbing horses. The article also mentions a 1912 encounter where a horse showed no fear of the light, unlike its reaction to a car.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue revolve around unexplained aerial phenomena and the scientific investigation of atmospheric events. The articles present a contrast between rigorous scientific analysis of chemical processes in the atmosphere and anecdotal evidence of mysterious lights and objects. The editorial stance appears to be one of open inquiry, presenting both scientific data and personal testimonies, encouraging further research into these enigmatic occurrences, particularly ball lightning and the Min Min Light. The scientific articles aim to provide a theoretical framework for understanding some atmospheric phenomena, while the personal accounts highlight the persistent mystery of unexplained sightings.

This issue of 'Weather' (Vol. 39, No. 9, September 1984) features an article titled "BALL LIGHTNING STRIKES TWICE*" by B.H. Bailey of the Atmospheric Sciences Research Center, State University of New York at Albany. The issue also includes an index of "Spooklights" compiled by Nigel Watson and a note regarding the discontinuation of the "BALL LIGHTNING NEWSLETTER" by Mark Stenhoff of TORRO.

Ball Lightning Strikes Twice*

This article presents the detailed written accounts of two separate ball lightning experiences by Mrs. Patricia Townsend, a resident of Haymarket, Virginia, USA. These incidents are notable for occurring in the same room of her home in two consecutive summers, being observed by the same person, and in both cases, the ball lightning struck the person.

The First Incident (Summer 1977)

Mrs. Townsend recalls the first incident occurring on a Sunday morning during a severe thunderstorm. While standing in her kitchen, she heard a tremendous crack, the outside lit up like a floodlight, and a loud swooshing noise was heard. A large red ball with yellow and white appeared and hit her on the chest with the force of a fist, causing her to fall to the floor. She was unsure if she was knocked unconscious. The phone became dead after the incident. She experienced pain in her chest for several days. She described the ball as being made of a soft burlap-type material with a fuzzy texture.

The Second Incident (June 21, 1978)

The second event occurred on June 21, 1978, at approximately 6:30 PM EDT, during another heavy rainstorm. As Mrs. Townsend was closing the storm door, she heard a hissing sound with crackling undertones, and the outside lit up like a floodlight. A fireball, estimated to be about a foot across with jagged yellow and white edges, entered the kitchen and hit her in the face with great force, sounding like rifle fire. She experienced crackling and spitting sounds in her head, felt her bones melt away, and fell backward. She felt numb and distant, and her speech was slow and slurred for a time. She also noted a peculiar taste in her mouth, like acidity or sourness, and her throat felt dry and sore. She again described the ball as being made of a fuzzy textured fabric, dull surfaced yet luminous.

Follow-Up Information

Investigator B.H. Bailey received Mrs. Townsend's descriptions in the autumn of 1978 and prepared follow-up questions, receiving responses in January 1980. The follow-up provided details about the house's setting in a wooded neighborhood and confirmed no visible effects on Mrs. Townsend's body or clothes. A doctor consulted after the 1977 event was skeptical. Mrs. Townsend later recalled an odor associated with the 1978 event: that of a match that has just been struck.

A Third Occurrence?

Mrs. Townsend hinted at a possible third ball lightning event in the summer of 1979. While upstairs, she and her dog heard loud crackling noises and a muffled explosion from downstairs, possibly from the kitchen. She was scared to investigate but found nothing to indicate lightning had been present. She was not sure, but believed it was lightning again.

Index of Spooklights

This section, prepared by Nigel Watson, is an index of various reported phenomena, including lights, luminous owls, fireballs, and other unexplained aerial events, with dates, times, and locations spanning from 1866 to the 1950s, and some later entries up to 1923. It references various locations across the UK and some in France and Spain.

Note About Two Sightings Published in the Second Fascicule of "Bolide"

This note by Claude Maugé discusses two sightings, Durtal (bol-0033) and Yffiniac-Rennes (bol-0036). The Durtal sighting is analyzed in relation to the Moon hypothesis, suggesting the object's characteristics fit the Moon under specific meteorological conditions. The Yffiniac-Rennes sighting is linked to the "chasing ball syndrome" caused by astronomical stimuli, such as Venus. Maugé questions whether all such sightings, particularly those attributed to astronomical phenomena, warrant attention in publications like "Bolide."

TORRO Ball Lightning Newsletter Discontinuation

A letter from Mark Stenhoff, Director of the TORRO Ball Lightning Division, dated February 7, 1987, announces the discontinuation of the "BALL LIGHTNING NEWSLETTER" (BLN). Due to a lack of contributions, it is felt that a more effective means of publication would be the "JOURNAL OF METEOROLOGY," edited by Dr. Terence Meaden. Subscribers are urged to subscribe to the JOURNAL, and information on subscription rates and the address for subscriptions is provided.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring theme is the detailed reporting and investigation of unexplained aerial phenomena, particularly ball lightning. The editorial stance, as indicated by the note from the editor regarding Mrs. Townsend's account, acknowledges the difficulty in publishing such accounts due to their subjective nature but emphasizes the importance of recording repeated occurrences in a specific location. The TORRO organization appears dedicated to collecting and researching such data, even as their publication methods evolve.