BioFortean Notes - No 02

Magazine Overview

Title: BIOFORTEAN NOTES
Issue: VOLUME 2
Editor: CHAD ARMENT
Publisher: COACHWHIP PUBLICATIONS
Location: Landisville, Pennsylvania
Publication Year: 2011

This issue of BioFortean Notes, Volume 2, is a collection of articles exploring various unexplained phenomena and mysterious creatures, with a strong emphasis on historical accounts and cryptozoology. The publication is edited by Chad Arment and published by Coachwhip Publications.

Contents

The issue features several distinct articles:

• THE BROAD RIVER SEA SERPENT by John Hairr
• PROBING THE 1896 ST. AUGUSTINE CARCASS by Nelson Jecas and Renee Fratpietro
• IRISH SNAKES, WILD CATS AND OTHER MYSTERY ANIMALS by Richard Muirhead
• SONORAN SASQUATCH? by Alton Higgins
• THE HISTORICAL BIGFOOT: A SUPPLEMENT by Chad Arment

Article Summaries

THE BROAD RIVER SEA SERPENT

This article by John Hairr details a well-documented encounter with a sea serpent in the waters between Charleston, South Carolina, and Savannah, Georgia, during the mid-nineteenth century. The creature was first sighted on March 10, 1850, by passengers and crew of the steamer William Seabrook near the mouth of Port Royal Sound. The object, initially mistaken for a floating log, was observed to be alive and resembled a large animal, possibly a whale. Captain Peleg Blakenship of the William Seabrook adjusted course for a closer look. A correspondent from the Savannah Daily Georgian reported that the steamer approached within thirty feet, and the creature, described as 125 to 150 feet long with portions 8 to 10 feet above the water, was clearly visible before it submerged. The description emphasized it was "not at all, 'like a whale'." Subsequent reports from local newspapers, including the Savannah Morning News and the Charleston Courier, corroborated the sighting, with descriptions noting a dark, muddy color, a head resembling an alligator's, and a body with numerous bumps. The article also mentions a subsequent expedition led by Captain John Barnwell in early March 1850, which, while searching for the serpent in Port Royal Sound and Broad River, encountered and unsuccessfully attempted to capture four whales. This led some to suggest the original sightings were misidentifications of whales. However, the original descriptions explicitly stated the creature was unlike a whale. The article notes that later researchers like A.C. Oudemans and Bernard Heuvelmans were confused by conflicting accounts, some of which incorrectly linked the event to the whale encounter. A later sighting in St. Helena Sound, South Carolina, was reported by British traveler Amelia Murray approximately four years after the initial Broad River incident.

PROBING THE 1896 ST. AUGUSTINE CARCASS

This article by Nelson Jecas and Renee Fratpietro investigates the mysterious carcass that washed ashore in St. Augustine, Florida, in 1896. This event is often cited in discussions of unknown marine animals.

IRISH SNAKES, WILD CATS AND OTHER MYSTERY ANIMALS

Richard Muirhead's contribution explores unexplained animal sightings and folklore from Ireland, focusing on creatures like snakes and wild cats that are not typically found in the region or are associated with mystery.

SONORAN SASQUATCH?

Alton Higgins examines reports and evidence related to the existence of Sasquatch (Bigfoot) in the Sonoran region, questioning the possibility of this creature in that specific desert environment.

THE HISTORICAL BIGFOOT: A SUPPLEMENT

Chad Arment provides a supplementary piece that delves into historical accounts and records of Bigfoot sightings, offering a broader context to the ongoing mystery of this elusive creature.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in BioFortean Notes, Volume 2, revolve around cryptozoology, unexplained animal sightings, and historical mysteries. The editorial stance, as suggested by the selection of articles, is one of serious inquiry into phenomena that lie outside conventional scientific understanding. The publication aims to present documented accounts and encourage further investigation into these enigmatic subjects, treating them with a degree of credibility while acknowledging the challenges in definitive explanation.

This issue of Cryptozoology, Volume 2, Number 2, published in Spring 2011 by the International Society for Cryptozoology, focuses on a variety of unexplained phenomena and historical accounts of mysterious creatures. The cover story, "Probing the 1896 St. Augustine Carcass," highlights the ongoing scientific efforts to identify a large, beached carcass discovered in Florida.

Sea Serpent Sightings in the Southeastern United States

The issue begins with an account of sea serpent sightings along the southeastern United States coast. A passenger named Murray aboard the steamer Isabel, en route from Charleston to Havana, heard from Captain Rollins about his 1854 encounter with a sea serpent. The vessel William Seabrook was also involved in a previous encounter in 1850, under a different skipper. Captain Blakenship commanded the steamer Seminole in 1853, making trips between Savannah and Florida ports, and was later replaced by Captain Peat. According to Rollins, he, his crew, and passengers on the William Seabrook encountered a creature near the Savannah River mouth. They could not get as close as a previous encounter in 1850, as the animal dove. The following day, the Isabel followed the same route. Captain Rollins recounted to Ms. Murray that he had initially disbelieved reports, but then witnessed the creature himself. He described it as a monster as long as the Isabel, in rapid motion, rearing its snake-like body and head high out of the water before plunging down, leaving a swirling eddy. The fate of the creature after this flurry of activity is unknown, with speculation that it may have moved south to the Altamaha River area, known for sea creature sightings.

The 1896 St. Augustine Carcass Investigation

The article "Probing the 1896 St. Augustine Carcass" discusses the persistent interest in "globsters" – beached, rotting carcasses often suggested to be unknown sea creatures. The St. Augustine carcass, discovered in 1896, has garnered significant attention. Biologist A. E. Verrill initially described it as a new giant octopus (*Octopus giganteus*) but later withdrew the identification in favor of a beached cetacean. Modern scientific analysis, starting with Wood and Gennaro (1971) and continuing with Mackal (1986), suggested the samples were consistent with a cephalopod. However, more recent analyses by Carr et al. (2002) and Pierce et al. (1995, 2004) concluded that these globsters, even those with octopus-like appearances, are likely the remains of decomposing whales. The editorial note encourages continued investigation of such phenomena, emphasizing that even disproving a species' existence is a valid scientific outcome. The article details the collaboration history of Nelson Jecas and Renee Fratpietro of the Paleo-DNA Laboratory in analyzing samples from the 1896 carcass. Initial DNA analysis in 2006 using mitochondrial DNA regions classified a sequence phylogenetically within Mammalia, close to whales, but contamination from human and mouse DNA prevented positive identification. A subsequent analysis in 2008 of a new sample also revealed high contamination and no authentic DNA. In 2010, further testing with new extraction techniques and a cephalopod-specific region showed promise, but no DNA was detected. Subsequent attempts using cetacean-specific primers in 2011 also yielded only contaminating DNA. The identification of the 1896 carcass remains a mystery, with new plans being developed to continue the investigation.

Irish Snakes, Wild Cats, and Other Mystery Animals

Richard Muirhead contributes an article on Irish cryptids, including lake monsters, Alien Big Cats, and the Dobharchú (Master Otter). He focuses on more obscure and mythological creatures. Examples include a "fearful monster" described in an Irish tale with four thin legs, a bear-like head, and long horns, capable of traversing land and sea. The article also recounts the legend of the Man-Wolves of Ossory, where individuals could transform into wolves, with their human bodies remaining in a death-like state. It is stressed that if the human body was disturbed, the person would remain a wolf permanently. The text describes the wolf-form as savage and bloodthirsty, capable of ravaging livestock, and notes that wounds inflicted on the wolf would appear on the human form. The article also mentions stories of old women in Scotland and Wales, as well as Ireland, who could turn into hares, and who would bear the marks of any injuries sustained as hares upon their return to human form.

An exception to purely supernatural accounts is the report from "The Annals of the Four Masters" around 900 A.D. describing an animal like a Kentrosaurus or Stegosaurus, with "iron" nails on its tail, a horse-like head, and thick legs with strong claws.

Crocodile and Mystery Boar-Like Creature

The issue also touches upon the legend of an "Irish Crocodile" in Lough Mask, as mentioned by Roderick O'Flaherty. An account from 1674 describes a man encountering a beast resembling an otter, which then attacked him, dragging him into the water. The man fought back with a knife, and the creature fled. The beast was described as pitch-colored, with a black shiny skin. Old locals believed such creatures inhabited the lake, and a similar animal was reportedly found rotten in a cave years later. Cunningham and Coghlan (2010) note that this creature was unlike the common Irish otter. A more recent account from 1933 mentions an animal resembling a young crocodile found in Wexford, Ireland, sent to the Dublin Zoological Gardens. Another report from 1975 off Co. Wexford describes a monster resembling a lizard, about 20 feet long, seen by fishermen.

The section "Mystery Boar-Like Creature" discusses an illustration from the February 1781 Walker's Hibernian Magazine depicting a wild boar or auroch-like animal. Several such animals were reportedly found in late 1780 or early 1781 near Thomastown. The text suggests these animals were tame, with one instance of an animal following a traveler, John Carrol, for a mile. Carrol later found three such animals in a cave. The anomaly lies in their description: while pig-sized, their heads were armored with spreading horns, unlike the tusks of wild boar. The article briefly touches on the dimensions of Irish wild boar tusks and their historical presence.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

This issue of Cryptozoology consistently explores the intersection of folklore, historical accounts, and scientific investigation into unexplained phenomena. The editorial stance encourages a rigorous and open-minded approach to cryptozoology, emphasizing the value of scientific inquiry even when dealing with seemingly mythical creatures or ambiguous evidence like globsters. The recurring theme is the persistent human fascination with the unknown and the ongoing efforts to apply scientific methods, particularly DNA analysis, to unravel these mysteries, whether they stem from historical sea serpent sightings, enigmatic carcasses, or ancient legends of shape-shifters and cryptids in Ireland.

This issue of Fortean Times, dated December 2001 and identified as issue 152, focuses on the enigmatic "Irish Wild Cat" and other unusual animal sightings and folklore in Ireland. The cover features an illustration of a wild boar and poses the question: "The Irish Wild Cat - Fact or Folklore?" The magazine delves into historical accounts, expert opinions, and anecdotal evidence to explore the possibility of this elusive creature's existence.

The Irish Wild Cat: Fact or Folklore?

The central theme of the magazine is the investigation into the existence of the Irish Wild Cat. Dr. Derek Yalden, a noted mammalogist, is quoted stating that the Aurochs never reached Ireland, ruling out misidentification with that species. He also suggests that the illustration of a supposed wild boar might actually be a domestic pig with prominent tusks.

Further discussion revolves around the European Wildcat (*Felis sylvestris*), which orthodox zoology states has never inhabited Ireland. However, the magazine presents evidence suggesting otherwise, citing anecdotal and archaeological findings. Michael Vinney's work is mentioned, which includes possible reasons for the wildcat's presence, such as introduction for skins alongside other native animals like otters, pine martens, foxes, and red squirrels.

Dr. Karl Shuker, in his book "Mystery Cats of the World," discusses naturalist Thompson's interest in alleged wildcat sightings in Ireland, particularly in the mountains of Erris, County Mayo. Thompson himself reportedly saw a large cat, weighing over 10 lbs, which had been shot and resembled a European wildcat, except for its tail and fur texture.

Several historical accounts are presented. F.C. Wallace sighted an animal in County Galway in the 1880s that he believed was a magnificent wild cat, though no physical evidence was obtained. W.H. Maxell's "Wild Sports of the West" (1833) recounts an incident where a fierce cat, described as double the size of a common house-cat with exceptionally large teeth and claws, was killed.

Sir J.W. Wilde expresses skepticism, stating he never saw a wild cat in Ireland and that any he encountered were likely domestic cats gone wild. Mr. La Touche also communicated his lack of encounters despite being a sportsman and naturalist.

An interesting detail about the supposed Irish wild cat is the mention of a spike or nail on the end of its tail, as noted by Cunningham. This feature is also mentioned in relation to a wildcat encountered by Pap Murphy's uncle and father around 1940-1950 in County Mayo, where the animal was killed and described as having this nail-like appendage.

Newspaper and journal reports from various counties in Ireland are listed chronologically, detailing sightings and encounters with wild cats. These include reports from County Clare, County Cork (mentioning a wild cat shot in the Ogonnelloe district, and a description from Liss Ard), County Kerry (a fierce brute called Cat-Crainn), and County Limerick (three wild cats of monstrous size shot at Cragg-wood).

Other Cryptids and Animal Sightings

The magazine also touches upon other animal-related topics. The initial discussion about the wild boar and aurochs sets a precedent for exploring animals that may or may not have existed in Ireland. The article on the Irish Wild Cat also mentions the possibility of misidentification with the European bison (wisent or zubr), with Ronan Coghlan noting its current rarity and presence in Poland and some estates in England.

Irish Snakes

Challenging the persistent legend of St. Patrick driving all snakes out of Ireland, the magazine presents evidence of snake occurrences in Ireland from the early nineteenth century onwards. Several newspaper reports are cited:

• County Carlow: A postman named Sinnott killed a greenish snake with dark spots, measuring twenty-seven inches, in August 1909.
• County Cork: The Irish Naturalist reported a snake encountered near Blarney in January 1896, initially mistaken for an eel.
• County Dublin: The Dublin "Evening Mail" reported a snake about 18 inches long, resembling common English grass snakes, found in its office in May 1905.
• County Dublin: Another report from July 1906 mentions a three-feet long snake causing a sensational incident.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

This issue of Fortean Times maintains its characteristic exploration of unexplained phenomena, folklore, and historical mysteries. The editorial stance appears to be one of open-minded investigation, presenting various viewpoints and evidence without necessarily endorsing definitive conclusions. The magazine encourages readers to consider possibilities beyond conventional scientific explanations, particularly in the realm of cryptozoology and local legends. The recurring theme is the persistent presence of the unexplained and the enduring power of folklore in shaping our understanding of the natural world, even when scientific consensus suggests otherwise.

This document is a collection of articles and letters published in various Irish newspapers and journals, primarily from the early to mid-20th century, focusing on the presence and sightings of snakes in Ireland. The compilation highlights a recurring theme of snakes appearing in Ireland, challenging the traditional belief that the country is entirely free of them due to St. Patrick.

Garden Snakes (Irish Independent, July 9, 1906)

This article discusses a mild sensation caused by a snake discovered in a garden in Ranelagh, Dublin. It posits that the presence of snakes does not necessarily mean they are indigenous to Ireland, suggesting they could have arrived with foreign cargo, citing an example of a snake found in Liverpool Docks with bananas. The article notes that while snakes are common in England, Ireland has historically enjoyed immunity, and there's no reason to believe this will change.

An Epidemic of Snakes (Irish Independent, July 13, 1906)

A letter to the editor describes a snake being killed by boys on the steps of the Abbey Theatre in Dublin, suggesting an "epidemic" of snakes. The writer recounts seeing a small, dark brown snake, about two feet long, that appeared to have come from a nearby lane.

Opinions of Readers: Snakes in Ireland (Irish Independent, July 16, 1906)

This section includes a letter from a reader who expresses unease about the appearance of snakes. The writer recounts an experience while rabbiting near Coolock, where they encountered four snakes. Alarmed, they shot one, and to their amazement, a dozen snakes raised their heads and hissed before disappearing into a cornfield. The victim was examined and found to have died without a struggle.

Further Sightings and Encounters (Pages 2-3)

Additional accounts detail more snake sightings. One report from Dalkey mentions a seafaring man describing a snake as a "grass snake." Another letter describes a snake found in a cellar, coiled up and captured, which is now kept as a curiosity named "Dusty." A report from The Irish Times (July 22, 2006) notes the Dublin Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (DSPCA) seeking homes for 10 stray pets, indicating an upsurge in reptiles turning up in unwelcome places, with sizes ranging from 12cm to 2m.

A Snake in Galway (Connacht Sentinel, August 8, 1933)

In Galway, a creature found in a tomato basket was initially thought to be a snake. It was about 3½ inches long, black with yellow spots, and had a large head and finned tail. However, it was later identified by Mr. Higgins, Assistant Professor of Natural History at University College, Galway, as a foreign species of caterpillar.

Snakes and Adders (Kerryman, March 14, 1953)

During a tour of Killarney golf links by Lord Castlerosse for American millionaires, a discussion arose about snakes in Ireland. The conversation touched upon the legend of St. Patrick banishing snakes, with one of the millionaires humorously acknowledging the lack of dangerous snakes in Ireland.

Armagh Visitors Discover Snake in Tralee House (Kerryman, September 2, 1994)

An 18-inch non-poisonous garter snake was discovered under the stairs of a rented house in Tralee by a family from Armagh. The snake, black with yellow stripes, was chased out and reported to the Gardai and army barracks. It was eventually taken to Tralee Garda station and then to Toby Hodd for his knowledge of snakes.

Search for Elusive Snake Comes to a Happy Conclusion (Kerryman, May 12, 2000)

A five-day search in Killarney concluded with the capture of a snake over one meter long outside a garage. The black and white snake was spotted in a toilet and later at a garage. National Park Rangers were involved, and the snake, initially thought to be a garter snake, was later identified as a harmless king snake, possibly an escaped pet.

Deadly Horn-Nosed Viper Found in Co. Kerry (The Irish Times, August 26, 2006)

A nine-inch horn-nosed viper, described as "highly dangerous," was found in a box of house tiles imported from Greece at a building site in Ballyduff, Co. Kerry. The snake is highly poisonous, with venom that can kill within two hours.

Snakes in Ireland (The Freeman's Journal, May 27, 1837)

An early report from May 27, 1837, mentions a two-and-a-half-foot grass snake found in Coolnamuck wood, near Carrick-on-Suir, and displayed by a medical gentleman.

Snake From Co. Wexford (Irish Independent, November 15, 1920)

A grass snake found in Co. Wexford was placed in the Dublin Zoo.

An Old Record for an Irish Snake (The Irish Naturalists' Journal, January 1946)

This entry discusses the acquisition of dilapidated remains of a snake by the National Museum. An inscription on a visiting card indicates it was an Adder killed by John Ryan in Co. Wicklow on September 4, 1903, measuring 3 feet. However, the specimen is identified as a Grass Snake, likely an escaped pet or introduced with merchandise.

Northern Ireland: Co. Antrim (Countryside-Monthly, September 1, 1906)

A 2-foot-long grass snake was reported killed in Ballymena.

An Invasion on the Boyne (Irish Independent, July 19, 1906)

This article reports on a snake sighting near the Boyne river. A specimen, described as about 4 feet long with a white spot on its head and a dark brown body, was encountered in a field. The writer expressed regret at not being able to capture it, as it was the only specimen they had ever heard of in the area.

Snakes (Animals and Men, 1997)

Contrary to popular belief, snakes have appeared in Ireland, likely introduced accidentally or deliberately. In 1831, six grass snakes were introduced to Co. Down from Covent Garden to test their survival. A snake was killed at Milecross, and another report mentions a female snake, 3ft 3 inches long, killed at Milecross. Grass snakes have recently been seen in Co. Down, demonstrating that snakes can survive in Ireland, with evidence of eggs found in an ovarium. Their presence was sometimes attributed to opposition to the Reform Bill of 1832.

A Stray Snake Near Coleraine (Irish Naturalist, June 1896)

On April 22nd, a lady killed a snake in her garden near Coleraine. It was identified as a Ringed Snake (Tropidontus natrix), measuring twenty-five and three-quarter inches. The specimen was preserved in spirits.

A Snake Mystery (Irish Independent, May 20, 1918)

A 10-inch snake was found in a hothouse at Omagh Rectory, with its origin unknown.

Worms and Frogs

This section notes that the slow-worm (a lizard) has become established in Ireland, likely introduced by humans around 1960, and has been seen in the Burren region of Co. Clare. It also mentions Lady Augusta Gregory's folklore collection, including stories of giant worms. Regarding frogs, it discusses the historical belief that they were not indigenous to Ireland, but DNA research suggests a native population existed before the Ice Age. Foreign frogs were introduced to the Dublin area in the 18th century.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring theme throughout these articles is the persistent presence of snakes in Ireland, challenging the long-held myth of a snake-free island. The articles collectively suggest that snakes are not indigenous but have been introduced through various means, often via trade and commerce. There is a mix of public reaction, from curiosity and mild alarm to genuine concern about poisonous species. The editorial stance, as reflected in the selection of these reports, is to document and present evidence of snake activity in Ireland, thereby contributing to a more nuanced understanding of the country's natural history and folklore.

This document appears to be an excerpt from a publication focused on natural history, folklore, and unusual animal sightings in Ireland. It compiles various reports and newspaper clippings spanning from the mid-19th century to the late 20th century, detailing encounters with animals that were mysterious, rare, or misidentified.

Water Pig The section begins with an account of a 'water pig' reported in the late 1960s in a swampy river in the west of Ireland, described as black and dog-sized. It speculates if it could have been a juvenile seal. Further sightings of a similar animal, resembling a walrus, are mentioned in Termon, Co. Mayo in April 2008, and in Lough Dubh in May 1962.

Bear This section focuses on 'bear scares' in Ireland, particularly those known as 'Newry Bear' scares. The earliest report is from The Freeman's Journal on August 8, 1886, detailing Guard Maxwell capturing a brown bear of the Asiatic variety near Madden Station, believed to be the famous Newry bear. A subsequent report from August 14, 1886, from the same newspaper, indicates a communication from Mr D. Maxwell denying his involvement in the capture.

Jumping to 1895, The Freeman's Journal reports on February 25th that the 'Newry Bear' was still uncaptured and causing damage, with search parties organized in the Camlough area. The animal's footprints were traced to a lake, and it was pursued. The reports mention numerous individuals involved in the search. A later article on February 26, 1895, from the same paper, notes that the bear had evaded detection, and a hunting expedition was being considered by the Hussars. By February 28, 1895, the newspaper expressed a sense of weariness with the 'Newry Bear' story, suggesting it had become a newspaper feature and that skepticism was growing, comparing it to a wild beast show incident.

A report from March 6, 1895, details a 'ludicrous incident' in a railway tunnel at Lisscommon, where men returning home heard a commotion and thought they were attacked by the bear, only to discover it was a large brown goat. Another report from March 29, 1895, from The Freeman's Journal, describes the capture of an escaped Newry bear at Caran, near Ballintubber, identified as brown and incapacitated. The people of the locality believed it to be the escaped Newry bear. Capt M'Turnan ordered the RIC to investigate.

In 1926, a bear scare occurred in Newbliss, Co. Monaghan, as reported by The Anglo-Celt on April 10, 1926. An animal resembling a bear was seen, but it was later identified as a badger and put on exhibition, according to The Irish Independent on April 30, 1926. The text notes that bears have not been found wild in Ireland for approximately 3000 years.

Deformed Mustelid? This section presents an illustration and account from 'The Naturalists' Notebook' for 1869, originally featured in Saunders's News-letter. It describes the capture of a curious animal in a rabbit snare in the demesne of the Marquis of Conyngham at Slane, County Meath. The animal is described as cat-sized with a long tail, a sharp snout like a weasel's, four large tusks, a mane, and twelve toes or claws on each foot. The current Marquis of Conyngham, in a 1997 conversation, had not heard of this animal but had read about wild cats in Ireland.

Pine Martens "Attacking Sheep" An article from the Connacht Tribune, March 14, 1936, discusses pine martens, described as a species of weasel almost extinct in Ireland. It notes that these animals, larger than squirrels, were once found in the Mourne Mountains and Wicklow hills but have largely disappeared. A recent capture in Augrane Wood, near Ballygar, by an employee of the Department of Agriculture (Forestry Section), brought publicity. The article suggests that pine martens might be responsible for sheep predation in some areas.

Marsupial Mouse? From the Meath Chronicle, September 18, 1915, this report details a sportsman, Mr Gilbert Crosbie, finding a strange 'freak' animal in a wood at Maperath. Described as a trifle larger than a young rat, with a brown back, white belly, thin legs, a rabbity head, hare's ears, a short tail, and a pouch under its throat, it was being bitten by a weasel. Mr Crosbie intended to send it to Dublin for stuffing.

Dog-Fox Hybrid? Reported in the Kerryman on May 13, 1983, this is an account of an unusual animal, a cross between a dog and a fox, shot by members of the Currow Gun Club. The animal had the head and tail of a fox and a dog-like body with coarse, thick hair.

Unknown Pig-Like Animal An article from the Nenagh Guardian, February 16, 1898, describes a mysterious quadruped seen near Derrylahan, Roscommon. It resembles a pig in shape, larger, with a red shaggy coat, pointed extremities, sheep-like feet, and prominent eyes. The animal had excavated a large burrow and appeared unconcerned by human presence. Dogs accompanying a shooting party became terrified of it.

Elk? The Killeshadra News of March 20, 1954, mentions James Leddy finding animal remains with "elk-like horns" while ploughing. The text clarifies that the term 'elk' can refer to the moose in Europe and the wapiti in America.

Coypu The Roscommon Herald of February 25, 1939, reported the story of a coypu. A separate account describes a man named Meneely shooting wildfowl near Belfast when an animal the size of a collie attacked him. His gun was unloaded, but he killed the creature, which was later identified as a coypu, a South American rodent, its presence in Ireland being a mystery.

Insects This section references Gerard Boate's 'The Natural History of Ireland' (1652) and includes a letter from Dr. Thomas Molyneaux to the Lord Bishop of Clogher concerning swarms of insects that had infested parts of Connaught. The letter, dated 1697, details the ravages caused by these insects, which had spread as far as the Shannon River.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance The recurring theme throughout this document is the reporting of unusual, unexplained, or misidentified animal sightings and phenomena in Ireland. The editorial stance appears to be one of documenting these accounts, often citing newspaper sources and historical records, while also acknowledging skepticism and providing scientific or zoological context where possible. The publication seems to have an interest in folklore, cryptozoology, and the natural history of Ireland, presenting a collection of intriguing, and sometimes perplexing, reports from various periods.

This document is a supplement to "The Historical Bigfoot" by Chad Arment, focusing on historical records and newspaper accounts of apelike creatures reported in North America and Central America prior to the popularization of the terms Bigfoot or Sasquatch. It includes newly uncovered reports and stories from previously noted sighting clusters, acknowledging that many historical newspapers are yet to be digitized.

Part I: The Historical Bigfoot: A Supplement

Chad Arment's supplement aims to present historical accounts that, while not definitive proof of Sasquatch existence, could reflect historical encounters if scientific proof emerges. He notes that many stories may be rumors, misidentifications, hoaxes, or tall tales, and that even truthful accounts are influenced by cultural expectations. However, he argues these stories are valuable for statistical investigation.

Sonoran Sasquatch?

Authored by Alton Higgins, this section explores the popular identification of Western Canada and the Pacific Northwest as the abode of the Sasquatch. It also discusses the Texas Bigfoot Research Conservancy's advocacy for the species' existence in Texas, Oklahoma, Arkansas, and Louisiana. Higgins notes that while legends exist in other parts of North America, reports from south of the U.S. border are rare, possibly due to language differences and less technological connectivity. However, Mexican and Central American folklore does contain references to creatures comparable to Sasquatch descriptions. Zoologist Ivan T. Sanderson compiled early commentaries on hidden hominoids, including the "Sisemité" in Mexico and Central America (Guatemala, Columbia, Belize, Nicaragua, and Honduras).

Legends of the Sisemité predate European settlement, describing a hair-covered, mountain-dwelling, bipedal primate resembling humans but larger and heavier. Natives believed it could abduct women. Variant names for the Sisemité translate to "spirit of the mountains" or "guardian hill spirit." Mark Sanborne's research in Belize suggests the Kekchi' Mayans regarded the Sisemité as a rare animal, not supernatural, and an indicator species of healthy ecosystems.

John Bindernagel's book "The Discovery of the Sasquatch" includes an account of an American prospector in Darién Province, Panama, around 1920, who encountered a Sasquatch-like creature. The prospector described it as a huge manlike ape with human-aligned toes, which he shot and killed.

Jesuit Missionary Accounts from Sonora

This section examines writings from Jesuit missionaries in 18th-century Sonora, Mexico, as described by David E. Brown in "The Grizzly in the Southwest." Father Ignaz Pfefferkorn, a German Jesuit who served among the Pima Indians from 1756 to 1767, is highlighted as a reliable observer. His work, "Descripción de la Provincia de Sonora," provides valuable information for historians and anthropologists.

Pfefferkorn's writings on Sonora bears are discussed, noting descriptions of black, grey, and reddish bears. He mentions that the reddish "cinnamon bear" was likely the Mexican grizzly (Ursus arctos nelsoni). Higgins proposes that Pfefferkorn's accounts of bear depredations, particularly those based on indigenous tribal members' reports, may inadvertently include early descriptions of Sasquatch interactions with humans. One passage describes bears as a menace to livestock, capable of attacking horses, cows, and oxen, and delighting in eating maize. It also states that a bear defends itself by throwing stones with great force, even throwing them backwards.

Higgins questions whether Pfefferkorn, while believing his Indian collaborators, secretly doubted their identification of the nocturnal rock-throwing visitors, suggesting they might have been describing Sasquatch activity rather than grizzly bear behavior.

Blood-Sucking Spider

A brief mention is made of a belief in Clare, Ireland, concerning a special type of spider known as the "Blood sucking spider." This spider was believed to grow to the size of a piglet and attack children at night, citing Cunningham and Coghlan (2010).

References

The document includes extensive lists of references, primarily from historical newspapers and books related to cryptozoology, folklore, and natural history, spanning from the 18th century to the early 2000s. Notable references include works by Agnes M., Anonymous (various historical publications), David E. Brown, George M. Eberhart, Ivan T. Sanderson, Mark Sanborne, and Father Ignaz Pfefferkorn.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this document are the investigation of historical accounts of cryptids, particularly Sasquatch and similar apelike creatures, and the exploration of folklore and anecdotal evidence from various regions. The editorial stance, as presented by Chad Arment, is that while historical accounts are not proof, they are valuable for potential future statistical investigation and may offer insights into the origins of cryptozoological legends. There is a focus on distinguishing between folklore, misidentification, and potentially genuine, albeit poorly documented, encounters with unknown species. The document also touches upon other anomalous animal reports, such as the "Blood-sucking spider" of Ireland, suggesting a broader interest in unexplained phenomena within the context of folklore and natural history.

This document is a collection of historical newspaper clippings detailing various sightings and encounters with 'wild men', ape-like creatures, and mysterious beasts across the United States, spanning from 1852 to 1930. The reports are presented as a compilation, likely for a publication focused on unexplained phenomena or historical curiosities.

Arkansas An account from the Arkansas Whig, June 17, 1852, discusses a 'Wild Man of the Woods' reported roaming the Mississippi bottom. This individual is described as over 7 feet high, shy, and possessing the habits of a wild animal. A humorous anecdote from the N. Y. Day Book suggests a similar wild man was once captured, tamed, and made an editor.

California The Weekly Sentinel of August 27, 1873, reports on a 'Wild Man' seen near Tulare, California, for the past three years. This individual is described as a white man, over six feet tall, naked, covered in long black hair, with long gray whiskers, and finger nails several inches long. He was seen picking thimbleberries and was startled by a witness. The report notes he is a terror to local Indians and is believed by some to be the devil or a ghost. A subsequent report from the San Francisco Bulletin, October 2, 1873, states that this 'wild man' has been captured and is described as a nondescript resembling a bear but lacking arms and forelegs, walking upright. It is suggested this captured creature might be a deformed bear.

A WHAT-Is-IT (California) A report from the Galveston, Texas, Daily News, March 25, 1888, details an encounter near the American river where a man named Brooks was confronted by a strange animal about four and a half feet high, walking erect, and covered in long black hair. Brooks believed it to be a large ape or gorilla, possibly escaped from a menagerie or a human deformity. A hunting party was proposed.

Colorado The Colorado Springs Gazette, March 30, 1878, mentions prospectors describing a 'terrible wild man' in the Sangre de Cristo range, approximately seven feet high, large, strong, and clothed in deer pelts. A capture attempt was planned.

Connecticut The Barre, Massachusetts, Gazette, July 25, 1893, recounts an incident where sportsman Cortis Wilbur encountered a creature in the woods near Stamford, Conn. Wilbur described it as a large animal digging roots, which then straightened up to the size and statue of a seven-foot man, covered in matted hair, and emitting an unearthly yell before fleeing with inhuman speed. Wilbur was convinced it was a gorilla or the devil. A search party was formed, finding footprints similar to bare human feet, but the creature was not found. Local belief suggested it might be a lunatic.

Delaware A headline from the Tucson, Arizona, Daily Citizen, December 9, 1901, reports a 'Fierce Gorilla Laid Out A Biker' near Bethel Camp Ground, Delaware. A huge gorilla had escaped from a circus at Stafford, Delaware, on September 28, and had been terrorizing residents. Frank Biles was attacked by the gorilla, thrown from his wheel, and struck. Biles shot at the animal and escaped. A posse of fifty men searched for the escaped gorilla.

Florida The Newport, Rhode Island, Daily News, June 3, 1881, describes excitement in Orange county, Florida, over a mysterious beast making nocturnal raids. One negro claimed to have seen the animal, described as seven to eight feet tall, standing erect, and screeching loudly. Evidence of depredations was found, including a dead dog and sheep entrails near a cave. A search party was being organized.

Illinois An article from the Illinois Inter Ocean, December 8, 1891, reports on a 'wild man' hunt in Louden Township that failed to find the individual. It was speculated that the 'wild man' might be a local citizen playing a prank. A later report from the Freeport, Illinois, Journal-Standard, July 25, 1929, details a sighting of a 'Wild Ape' in the woods near Derinda township. A young man saw an ape leave the road and dash into the trees, noting its shape, tail, and other characteristics. A searching party was organized due to fears for the community's safety. However, a subsequent report from the same paper, July 31, 1929, suggests the 'ape' might have been a whiskered 'Billy' goat belonging to a local resident, Archie Ehler, who pastured his goat on the Moffett farm.

Indiana The Indiana State Journal, January 26, 1898, reports on a panic in the Menden neighborhood due to a 'ferocious wild animal'. The daughter of Mel Russell described it as looking like a baboon or gorilla, too large for a monkey. Charles Patterson noted tracks with toe-nails eight inches long. John Brough saw it at night in a tree, and it fled when approached. Speculation ranged from a monkey to a panther or a crazy man. The Valparaiso, Indiana, Vidette-Messenger, February 8, 1929, details another hunt for a mysterious black beast that raided the A. A. Akins farm, killing one pig and carrying off another. Leonard Akins, 20, surprised the animal, describing it as walking on its hind legs, with pointed ears and ferocious teeth, and as big as a man. It was suggested that a canvass of circuses and zoos in Southern Indiana might reveal if a wild beast had escaped.

Iowa The Mason City, Iowa, Globe-Gazette, November 20, 1930, reports on a hunter, G. C. Bain, tracking an animal described as an ape or gorilla near Council Bluffs. The beast was said to have escaped from a circus over a year prior and had been seen by farmers up to 50 miles away. Tracks near Lake Manawa were described as unusual. Parents were accompanying children to school due to fear. A follow-up report from the same paper, November 21, 1930, mentions J. Miller, a farmer, who saw something 'ambling' through corn rows, described as almost as tall as a man, shaggy, and broad. Miller's farm borders the Missouri river, where G. C. Bain was searching.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance The recurring theme throughout these collected reports is the persistent appearance of unidentified, often large and hairy, humanoid or ape-like creatures across various regions of the United States over an extended period. The editorial stance appears to be one of documentation and presentation of these historical accounts, allowing readers to draw their own conclusions. There is a clear interest in cryptids and unexplained animal sightings, with a focus on the details of the encounters, witness testimonies, and the speculative explanations offered by contemporary newspapers. The collection highlights the enduring fascination with the unknown and the 'wild man' archetype in American folklore and reporting.

This issue of "The Unexplained" (Volume 1, Issue 1, November 1930) compiles a series of historical accounts and newspaper clippings detailing alleged sightings of ape-like creatures, gorillas, and 'wild men' across the United States, primarily from the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Terrifying Anthropoid Just a Wee Monkey (Helena, Montana, Independent, November 22, 1930)

This article reports on a supposed gorilla in Lake Manawa flats, Iowa, that had been described as large as a man. However, a local boy claimed to have seen the animal at close range and identified it as a common-sized monkey. A Colorado trapper, G. C. Bain, who was attempting to trap the creature, found monkey tracks.

Wild Gorilla Seen (Carroll, Iowa, Carroll Daily Herald, August 24, 1932)

This piece recounts a report from Ottumwa, Iowa, where three men claimed to have seen a wild, man-like animal with fur and a white stripe down its back, jumping on a log. The mystery was later solved when it was revealed to be a farmer, Andy Meyers, dressed in a horse hair coat and fur mittens, attempting to get honey from a bee tree.

Huge Gorilla Seen by Boy (San Antonio, Texas, Express, August 3, 1929)

This report from Independence, Kansas, details a claim by a 12-year-old boy, Charles Shepherd, who reported seeing a 'gorilla six feet tall with short feet and long hands' near Rock Creek. The boy fled crying, and the animal reportedly attempted no violence but followed him. Officers found no footprints. A similar 'gorilla' report was also mentioned from Nowate, Oklahoma.

Wild Man Seen (Cincinnati, Ohio, Daily Enquirer, July 10, 1868)

This article from Louisiana describes a 'wild man' seen in the woods about a mile west of town in Livingston County. Described as about seven feet high with large, ferocious eyes and covered in long black hair, the creature was reported to be bullet-proof, having survived several shootings. Various speculations circulated, including it being the Devil, Christ, a ghost, or an escaped animal from a menagerie. The report also notes a panic among Negroes, with twenty-four leaping from a freight train out of fear. The author expresses skepticism, suggesting it might be 'scare' rather than actual danger, and speculates it could be a device to intimidate Negroes.

A Frightened Hunter (Greenville, Pennsylvania, Shenango Valley Argus, November 4, 1876)

This section relays a story from Calais, Maine, about Samuel Spaulding of Springfield, who claimed to have encountered the devil face to face while hunting. He now secludes himself at home. The story is corroborated by the fact that he no longer ventures into the woods. The creature is described as Satanic in appearance. The article questions why Spaulding did not fire his gun if it was indeed the devil.

A Terror in the Woods (San Francisco, California, Call, November 27, 1895)

This report from Bangor, Maine, details a 'wild man' causing great consternation in the lumber region of the west branch. Several lumbermen disappeared, and their bodies were found terribly mangled. One lumberman claimed to have been attacked by the 'wild man' and defended himself with his ax. The creature is described as nearly animal-like, with a long, shaggy beard, and covered in a huge, skin coat. The general belief is that it is a sportsman who has gone mad. Lumber camp crews were organized to hunt the man, hoping to capture him by shooting him in the leg.

'Varmint' Reported Seen Near Preston (Cumberland, Maryland, Evening Times, July 8, 1940)

This article describes a search for a 'varmint' in Preston, Maryland, which had caused an uproar over the weekend. Harmony citizens pointed to unearthly screechings and large unidentified tracks. James Wright tentatively identified the creature as an orangutan after seeing it near a clump of woods. A posse of 100 armed men searched the area. State police, however, concluded that the reports had grown from rumor and were improved with each telling.

Ape Wild in Woods (North Adams, Massachusetts, Transcript, July 18, 1902)

Residents of North Adams, Massachusetts, were excited by the presence of what was believed to be an escaped ape in the woods south of the tunnel road. The animal was seen on three occasions and described as an ape of unusual size, weighing at least 100 pounds. A peculiar noise, described as a shriek and a squeal, was heard. Frank Jones witnessed a large black animal pursue his daughter and a young man. He described it as a large black ape. Jones and Mr. Vaughn organized a hunting party to capture or kill the animal. The descriptions consistently pointed to a large ape with black shaggy hair, possibly from a circus.

Marthas Vineyard Searching for Ape (Boston, Massachusetts, Daily Globe, August 23, 1915)

This dispatch from Chilmark, Marthas Vineyard, discusses the question of an ape roaming the island's woods, causing unease among vacationists. Two men reported glimpses of a large, unwelcome visitor. A track in the sand resembled a child's footprint, and a turkey nest was found despoiled of its eggs. Mr. Tilton described the creature as 'heavy limbed and black,' about three feet high, with a big, rounded head and prominent white teeth. George D. Eustis reported his dogs becoming uneasy and pursuing something into the woods. He later saw a dusky figure, about three feet tall, lumbering with a sidewise motion. A footprint found at Valleydale Farm resembled that of a child, similar to the ape kept as a pet by Dr. C. R. L. Putnam. Mrs. Putnam offered to assist in capturing the ape. The possibility of an ape having dropped from a passing ship is considered.

Michigan Reports

Blonde Bear-Man is a Deer Thief? (Eagle River, Michigan, Telegram, February 25, 1917)

This report from Ironwood, Michigan, mentions renewed reports of a 'Blonde Bear-Man' seen walking across Cloverland Drive. A recent report involved two men who allegedly watched a giant man in a blonde fur suit steal a deer. Local officers suggested it might be a white bear or timberwolf, while the hunters insisted it was a bipedal creature. The Sheriff's Department stated that if it was a man, he would be charged with petty larceny.

Mysterious Animal Disappears from Athens (Ludington, Michigan, Daily News, July 19, 1926)

An animal of uncertain size and origin that had been present near the Pine Creek swamp near Athens for about two weeks had made no reappearance. Reports of the beast were numerous but lacked foundation. The only confirmed incidents were an attack on Harley Inman, an attack on a dog belonging to Ed Harbaugh, and the killing of sheep on the Michaels farm.

Mysterious Animal is Reported Ranging Country Around Burlington Again (Ludington, Michigan, Daily News, July 22, 1926)

This is a brief mention of a mysterious animal being reported in the Burlington area.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring theme throughout this issue is the reporting of unexplained creature sightings, primarily focusing on ape-like beings and 'wild men.' The magazine presents these accounts as reported in various newspapers, often with little to no editorial commentary on their veracity, allowing the reader to draw their own conclusions. The collection suggests a widespread interest in such phenomena during the period covered. The editorial stance appears to be one of documenting these reports, presenting them as curiosities and mysteries without definitively confirming or debunking them, thus maintaining an air of the unexplained.

This document comprises scanned pages from the Evening Chronicle, primarily featuring articles from July 22, 1926, with additional reports from August 1926 and older accounts from 1868, 1873, and 1924. The central theme revolves around sightings of mysterious, ape-like, or beastly creatures in Michigan, sparking local hunts and public interest.

Article Summaries

"HUNT FOR APE NEAR LYON LAKE" (Evening Chronicle, July 22, 1926)

This lead story details a series of events and sightings near Lyon Lake, Michigan. John Henry, a rural mail carrier, reported being attacked by a mysterious animal he believed to be a wolf. Shortly after, four men from Marshall reported seeing an "ape" or "large monkey" in the Lyon Lake marsh. This led to a large hunt involving about a hundred men with firearms. Sheriff George Colby offered a $25 reward for any wolf killed or captured, but expressed disbelief in the ape story, calling it "hot air." However, he did believe John Henry's account of an attack. The article also mentions a previous report by two youths, Paul Noonan and Arthur Cowles, who claimed to see a "large, hairy thing" climb a tree near Lyon Lake. Other witnesses reported seeing where the animal had wallowed in marsh grass, and two women claimed to see it climb a tree. An examination of a tree revealed torn bark, suggesting something had climbed it, and tracks were visible down to the road.

"Two Boys Saw Huge Animal" (Evening Chronicle, July 22, 1926)

This article elaborates on the account of Paul Noonan and Arthur Cowles, who saw an ape or large monkey in a swamp east of M-29 near Lyon Lake. They described it as standing on its rear foot, waving its fore feet, and being about five and a half to six feet tall and weighing around 200 pounds. They saw it for about two minutes before leaving. The report of the sighting spread quickly, leading to a large search party organized by Deputy Sheriff Orlo Fish. Reports of an ape being shot and weighing 180 pounds were later found to be without foundation. The boys had been swimming in the lake and were walking home when they saw the animal.

"ATHENS POSSE FOILED AGAIN" (Evening Chronicle, August 16, 1926)

This article reports on a general alarm in Athens, Michigan, after Glenville Coffman announced he had seen a "wild beast" lurking in the area. Over 25 armed citizens joined a search near the Coffman farm. No trace of the animal was found. Mr. Coffman could not definitively identify the creature, saying it could have been an ape or a bear. One group of hunters followed tracks for two miles, mistaking them for a bear's. Ed Harbaugh, a farmer, expressed belief that the animal was lurking near his farm and suspected it of "sucking the milk from my cows."

"MYSTERIOUS BEAST AGAIN SEEN NEAR BATTLE CREEK" (Daily News, August 20, 1926)

Floyd Bowman, a farmer near Battle Creek, Michigan, reported seeing a "black, fur-bearing beast, about four feet high" that disappeared into the underbrush. His dog had been attracted to the creature. This "thing" was credited with attacking a farmer near Athens, a mail carrier near Burlington, and several dogs, as well as killing sheep. Descriptions varied, from an ape to a lynx. Two Marshall youths claimed to see it climb a tree. The huckleberry crop in the Pine Creek swamp was affected, as people were afraid to enter the marshes.

"MISSISSIPPI - THE 'WHAT IS IT' OUTDONE" (Vicksburg Herald, March 26, 1868)

This is an older account from Warren County, Mississippi, describing an "extraordinary creature" discovered in the forests. Local negroes reported seeing a creature that was about eight feet high, with large eyes, no nose, no upper lip, and long teeth. Its tracks indicated it could move in two directions at once. The creature was described as having stiff, wiry hair and a unique chest structure. It was said to have appeared suddenly, causing consternation. A hunting party encountered the creature, which attacked and killed two dogs with immense strength and tusks. One hunter fired at it without apparent effect.

"MISSOURI - WHAT IS IT? A STRANGE, WILD CREATURE" (Bulletin, January 28, 1873)

This report from Hallsville, Missouri, describes a strange, ferocious creature resembling a gorilla that had alarmed residents for weeks. It was said to haunt deep thickets and shelving rocks. The creature was described as over five feet high, with short crooked legs, a long body, long arms with talon-like fingers, a short thick neck, a large savage head with blood-shot eyes, and a mouth extending ear to ear filled with fangish teeth. Its body was covered in brownish hair, and its aspect was described as terrible and ferocious. It did not seem to seek direct attacks on humans but would rush out with roars, chasing people and causing poultry and shoats to disappear.

"APE ROAMING in E. Joplin; ATTACKS DOG" (News Herald, July 28, 1924)

This article from Joplin, Missouri, recounts a story from Joe Frakes, a watchman at Miners Park, who claimed a large ape made nocturnal visits. His dogs got into an altercation with the ape, leaving hair as evidence. The ape reportedly escaped by climbing seats, leaping to a roof, and then disappearing. Frakes believed the ape had escaped from its owner and had already killed one dog.

"NEVADA - A STRANGE CREATURE." (Daily Union, November 8, 1879)

This brief mention indicates a story about two hunters being chased by a "Wild Man" in the Antelope Mountains, California.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring theme throughout these articles is the reporting and investigation of unusual, often ape-like or beastly creatures. The editorial stance, particularly in the 1926 Michigan reports, leans towards skepticism regarding the more fantastical claims (like the ape) while giving some credence to more conventional explanations (like wolves or stray dogs), as exemplified by Sheriff Colby's statements. However, the detailed descriptions and witness accounts, even if sometimes contradictory, highlight a public fascination and a genuine effort by local authorities to address these reports, whether through hunts or investigations. The inclusion of older, more sensational accounts from Mississippi and Missouri suggests a long-standing interest in such mysterious beings.

This document is a collection of newspaper clippings and reports detailing alleged sightings of strange, often ape-like or wild man creatures across the United States, spanning from the late 19th century to the mid-20th century. The reports are presented as news items from various regional publications, compiled to document these unusual encounters.

Antelope Valley Encounter The issue begins with a report from the Eureka (Nev.) Leader, November 1st, detailing a startling story told by William Shegan to a Leader reporter. Two hunters, Peter Simons and John Gore, while hunting in the rugged mountains of Antelope Valley, encountered a huge, hairy object, described as half man and half beast. The creature sprang from behind a cliff and moved with great speed. One hunter fired, and the creature, seemingly hit in the arm, screamed and charged. The hunters fled, reporting that the creature resembled a man in general appearance, was wild-eyed and fierce, with long, hairy arms, and looked like a full-grown gorilla. Shegan's story also revives an old tale of a lunatic who escaped and lived in the Sierra Nevada. He mentions a similar creature, minus the grizzly beard, was discovered by hunters about fifteen miles from Antelope months prior. The hunters were positive it was not an illusion but a genuine, fierce wild man.

New Jersey Reports Under the heading "QUEER BEAST IN JERSEY," reports from October 20, 1899, mention a mysterious animal on Marble Hill near Phillipsburg, New Jersey. Described as ranging from the size of a sheep to a cow, it crashed through brush and made a "Hoo-hoo" sound. A similar animal was reported near Lambertville a year prior. A wheelman named Shields investigated but found no traces. Two chestnut hunting parties were reportedly put to flight by the strange roaring.

New York Sightings A report from the Marion, Ohio, Daily Star, May 23, 1881, mentions a mysterious beast, reportedly eight feet high, occupying a cave on Mr. Green's farm in Florida, New York, and killing farm animals. Another report from the Cincinnati, Ohio, Commercial Tribune, November 6, 1886, details fears in Seatucket, Long Island, of a gorilla lurking in the woods. Farmers worked armed, and children were afraid to go out. Incidents included a sheep found dead with its throat mangled and its back broken, and chickens with their heads torn off. An almost human footprint was found. The creature was later identified by Farmer Jun Addis as being about five feet high, with thin legs, full arms, a little head, covered in hair, and tailless. The village suspected a gorilla escaped from a Coney Island menagerie.

A report from New York, NY, The World, September 12, 1900, titled "ARMED FARMERS HUNT WILDMAN," describes Mrs. Matt Starr spotting a gigantic, hairy animal eating cucumbers. It rose on two feet and chased her until her husband and son intervened. Local men pursued it, finding eaten corn cobs and broken stalks. They vowed to hunt it.

North Carolina Account From Petersburg, Virginia, Index and Appeal, August 26, 1875, comes a report from the Newbern Journal of Commerce about a strange animal seen near Kits Swamp, North Carolina. Asa Grandy described it as a nondescript with a human-like face, a long snowy beard or mane, a body resembling a baboon, and human-like feet and limbs. It was about five feet high. This creature had been preying on poultry, vegetables, and corn. In one incident, Asa encountered the being with two children in its paws, but a blow felled it, and it escaped into the woods. The forest was searched extensively.

Ohio Incidents An Associated Press report from Massillon, Ohio, Evening Independent, August 6, 1925, discusses excitement in Lock Run over an animal resembling an ape or gorilla. Tracks indicated leaps of ten feet. Residents were fearful, and there was talk of calling for state aid. Another report from Zanesville, Ohio, Signal, August 11, 1932, details two fox hunters, Harry Prouty and Dewey Hughes, seeing a strange animal in a tree on the William Osborne farm. They described it as having odd hands and feet. This sighting occurred after Sheriff William Curtis received reports of an ape on the Henry Hardesty farm.

Pennsylvania Cases A report from Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, Herald, October 15, 1801, mentions a singular nondescript animal near Northumberland town, described as about five feet high, moving erect, with a human-like face, hairy body, and man-like arms and hands with beast-like claws. An attempt to capture it failed. Another report from Indiana, Pennsylvania, Weekly Messenger, October 3, 1888, discusses rumors of a gigantic animal resembling a gorilla near Big Run. Tracks measured over sixteen inches long with distinct toe marks and claws, suggesting a gorilla. The animal had not been sighted, but hunters acknowledged being baffled.

From Olean, New York, Democrat, August 14, 1894, a story titled "Giant Wild Man Said to be Roaming the Wilds" recounts Jud Burrows' boys being scared by a giant about seven feet tall, covered in long, matted hair. The creature held their dog with ease. It then rushed towards the river and disappeared. An armed search party failed to find it. The creature was described as having high broad shoulders, extraordinarily long arms, a large head, and thick, dark hair. The dog was found with broken ribs and punctured hide.

Further Pennsylvania reports include "GORILLA PROWLS AT GRIFFIN MINE" from Uniontown, Pennsylvania, Morning Herald, October 19, 1926, where employees at Griffin Mine claimed to see an animal resembling a gorilla. "GORILLA SEEN IN WOODS IN ADAMS CO., SUNDAY" from Lebanon, Pennsylvania, Daily News, February 2, 1927, describes motorists in Gettysburg reporting a gorilla jumping over their automobile on a bridge. Finally, "WILL BEGIN SEARCH FOR STRANGE CREATURE" from Chester, Pennsylvania, Times, January 22, 1932, mentions John McCandless and eight armed men planning a hunt near Lyndell for a creature believed to be a maniac.

South Carolina Incident A report from Charleston, West Virginia, Daily Mail, February 6, 1938, titled "GORILLA-LIKE BEAST ACCOSTS NEGRO FOLK," details an epidemic of monsters spreading to the Negro community in Rock Hill, South Carolina. A mysterious beast resembling a gorilla was reported by frightened residents. It was described as a "fierce, fur-covered animal." One report stated the beast killed and ate a calf and attacked a person, ripping off clothing.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance The recurring themes throughout these reports are the sightings of large, hairy, humanoid or ape-like creatures, often referred to as wild men or gorillas. These creatures are frequently described as powerful, fast, and sometimes aggressive. The reports highlight the fear and excitement these encounters generated in local communities. The editorial stance appears to be one of documenting these phenomena as reported news, without explicit endorsement or skepticism, presenting the accounts as they were published in various newspapers of the time. The collection suggests a widespread interest in and reporting of such mysterious beings across different regions of the United States during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

This issue of 'The Unexplained' (Volume 1, Issue 1, dated March 9, 1893, with a cover date of March 9, 1893, though later articles span up to 1930) presents a collection of historical newspaper reports detailing sightings and encounters with purported 'wild men,' ape-like creatures, and other mysterious beings across the United States. The magazine's focus is on unexplained phenomena, presenting these accounts without definitive conclusions, allowing readers to ponder the nature of these reported events.

Tennessee

The issue opens with a report from the Richmond, Ohio, Gazette, dated March 9, 1893, detailing the discovery of a "giant wild man" in the woods near Gallatin, Tennessee. The individual was described as seven feet tall and weighing 300 pounds, with the body found in the "big woods."

Texas

Under the heading "MAN OR GORILLA? A Strange Creature Discovered Near Comanche," a report from the Fort Worth, Texas, Gazette, dated October 2, 1895, describes an encounter near Cherokee creek in San Saba county. A young man named David Henry reported seeing an animal sitting like a man, which he initially mistook for a negro or Mexican. The creature then approached him and, when pursued, ran on all fours. Henry struck the animal with a rock, and it fled up a tree, biting the bark. Tracks found resembled a bear's but with hand-like paws. Another young man, Ben Harrell, also reported seeing the "beast."

Vermont

A brief report from Oshkosh, Wisconsin, dated December 3, 1877, references the Standard, Vt., and the Patriot, describing a "wild man of the woods" in Vermont who was four feet high, covered in hair, had fiery red hair, ran like a deer, and yelled like a hyena.

Virginia

"THE APE ABROAD AGAIN" section, citing the Raleigh Register, December 16, 1921, discusses a tale from a Pocahontas, Va., boy who claimed to have seen a "new terror of the woods." An unknown monster reportedly followed his trail at night. The report speculates that the creature might be an ape that had been summering in abandoned manganese mines near Tip Top.

Washington

An account from the Portland, Oregon, Oregonian, November 11, 1876, features a letter from R. W. Hall to the Echo concerning a "mysterious wild person" near Olympia. Hall described seeing a creature on the beach covered in light hair, about three feet high, with a child's face and piercing light blue eyes. It moved with great speed and was elusive. Local Indians reportedly had seen a similar object twice before.

West Virginia

This section contains multiple reports:

• "APE CROSSES RIVER INTO WEST VIRGINIA": From the Cumberland, Maryland, Evening Times, July 15, 1920, this report mentions an "ape information" story from Parkersburg, W. Va. Two individuals on an expedition to Gravel Bank, Ohio, heard about an ape that ran across the road and up a hill. They also heard from oil men who saw the ape on the West Virginia side, describing it as larger than an ordinary man.
• "APE VISITS THE CITY": The Charleston, West Virginia, Daily Mail, August 1, 1920, reports an ape, possibly escaped from a circus, seen multiple times in the community, even visiting homes near the depot and a schoolhouse.
• "ANIMAL, THOUGHT APE, ATTACKS BOY OF 9": The Syracuse, New York, Herald, August 18, 1920, details a mysterious animal described as an ape terrorizing Tyler county, West Virginia, for ten days. It reportedly attacked a 9-year-old boy.
• Charleston, West Virginia, Daily Mail, August 29, 1920: This report mentions a full-grown ape, possibly escaped from the Cincinnati Zoo, seen near New Martinsville, heading towards Charleston. It was seen crossing the road near Roneys Point.
• "TYLER COUNTY APE NOW HAS A FAMILY": From the Charleston, West Virginia, Daily Mail, July 16, 1923, this article revives a two-year-old ape story. Two men from the Manufacturers Light and Heat company reported seeing a mother ape with six young ones clinging to her side near a cliff in Tyler county. Footprints were found, but the ape evaded capture.
• "OFFERS REWARD FOR CAPTURE OF HUGE APE ALIVE": The Uniontown, Pennsylvania, Morning Herald, September 2, 1925, reports that R. S. Reid, a newspaper editor, offered a $250 reward for the capture of an ape frightening residents of Ten Mile, Hesper, and Sago.

Wisconsin

• Milwaukee, Wisconsin, Daily Free Democrat, March 14, 1856: This report, referencing the Waupaca Ledger, describes a "Wild Man in the Woods" discovered near Jenny Bull Falls, Marathon county. He was covered in reddish hair, extremely fast, and seen browsing in trees. Inhabitants believed him to be an escaped lunatic.
• San Francisco, California, Bulletin, September 21, 1867: This article, referencing the Sentinel of August 17th, details a mystery in Oak Creek, where farmers were losing poultry and lambs to a carnivorous animal. One farmer, armed with a rifle, encountered a creature that walked on all fours and stood erect like a man. It shrieked like a boy and fled. The next day, the farmer found tracks resembling human feet with claws. Lieutenant Kendrick investigated, and they encountered the creature again, described as having a human face but resembling a brute, moving with wild cat-like leaps.

Part II: Strange Primates

This section presents two cases of captured primates:

• "STRANGE ANIMAL TAKEN; HAS HANDS LIKE HUMAN'S": From the Lancaster, Ohio, Daily Eagle, February 21, 1927, this report introduces "Mr. Itt," a strange animal captured in the Gyp hills of Texas by C. E. Miller. Mr. Itt is described as 30 inches high, weighing 20 pounds, with silky black and white hair, human-shaped hands, a dog-like face, white cuffs, and a stump tail. He eats vegetables, is frightened by birds, and dislikes meat. He is speculated to be a coon, bear, monkey, or skunk.
• "NIGHT RAIDING PHANTOM SIMIAN CAPTURED IN BLOODY SKIRMISH": The Reno, Nevada, Evening Gazette, November 6, 1930, details a 17-year-old youth, Donald Gardner, capturing a sixty-pound baboon in Oregon. The baboon had been causing trouble for farmers by stealing chickens, and ape tracks were found in the area.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring theme throughout this issue is the reporting of unexplained encounters with creatures that defy easy classification, often described as "wild men" or ape-like beings. The magazine adopts a stance of presenting these historical accounts as reported, without offering definitive explanations or debunking the claims. The editorial approach is to compile these intriguing, often sensational, reports from various newspapers, leaving the interpretation to the reader. The use of diverse geographical locations and time periods suggests an ongoing interest in such phenomena across different regions and eras.

This document appears to be a promotional issue or catalog from COACHWHIP PUBLICATIONS, featuring various books related to cryptozoology and unexplained phenomena. The content is primarily composed of book covers, titles, authors, ISBNs, and brief descriptions, along with a short anecdote about an ape attack.

Featured Books and Topics

Caribbean Monk Seals

This section highlights the book "CARIBBEAN MONK SEALS: LOST SEALS OF THE GULF OF MEXICO AND CARIBBEAN SEA" by JOHN HAIRR. The book is described as "THE HISTORY OF AN EXTINCT SPECIES AND ITS INTERACTIONS WITH HUMANITY THROUGH THE CENTURIES."

Mokele-Mbembe: Mystery Beast of the Congo Basin

Another featured publication is "MOKELE-MBEMBE: MYSTERY BEAST OF THE CONGO BASIN" by WILLIAM J. GIBBONS. The book's subtitle indicates it is "IN SEARCH OF A DINOSAUR-LIKE CREATURE IN THE DEPTHS OF THE CONGO RIVER BASIN."

The Historical Bigfoot

"The Historical Bigfoot" by Chad Arment is presented with the tagline "Cavemen Roam the Rockies?". The description states it covers "Tales and stories of wild men and giant apes in North America before ‘Bigfoot’ entered popular culture." The cover art includes elements like "RANCHERS BEGIN WILD MAN HUNT ALONG ROCKIES" and "TERRIBLE SASQUATCH ABROAD IN THE LAND."

Cryptozoology: Science & Speculation

Also by Chad Arment, "Cryptozoology: Science & Speculation" is described as focusing on "The rational, ethnozoological, and methodological foundations to cryptozoological investigation." The ISBN for this book is 1-930585-15-2.

Anecdotal Account

A brief narrative describes an incident where "Gardner senior lost his trousers in the conflict that followed and both were severely bitten." The text specifies that "the ape was finally subdued with ropes and chains and taken to a Portland zoo." The image associated with this text, marked "NEA", depicts a monkey and possibly related scenes of conflict or capture.

Publisher Information

Throughout the document, the publisher is identified as "COACHWHIP PUBLICATIONS" with the website "COACHWHIPBOOKS.COM".

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes are clearly cryptozoology, mystery beasts, extinct species, and legendary creatures like Bigfoot and Mokele-Mbembe. The editorial stance, as inferred from the book descriptions, appears to be one of serious investigation and exploration of these topics, particularly evident in the description of "Cryptozoology: Science & Speculation" which emphasizes rational and methodological foundations.