Approche - no 05 - Hiver 1974 1975

Magazine Overview

This issue of APPROCHE, a quarterly publication (N° 5, Winter 74-75) from the SOCIETE VAROISE D'ETUDE DES PHENOMENES SPATIAUX (SVEPS), delves into the realm of Unidentified Flying Objects (OVNIs) with a strong emphasis on rigorous investigation and scientific analysis. The cover prominently features the word 'OVNI' and the title 'APPROCHE', alongside an illustration of a UFO and the quote, 'These unexplained phenomena are the prefiguration of our future,' attributed to R. HARDY. The magazine is priced at 3 French Francs.

Editorial Stance and SVEPS Doctrine

The editorial, penned by J.-L. FOREST and F. CREBELY, outlines the doctrine of SVEPS. The organization was founded to clarify its objectives and methods. The editorial emphasizes that the study of UFOs is fundamentally bipolar, involving both the 'machine' (the OVNI) and the human witness. This duality dictates their approach, making ufological research a multifaceted activity requiring contributions from various scientific disciplines, including physics, chemistry, geology, meteorology, psychology, sociology, and history. SVEPS views UFOs as representing both 'mystery' and 'advancement,' suggesting an unknown technology or intelligence. They aim to understand the impact of this presence on human civilization and the potential interactions between human and extraterrestrial intelligence. The organization's long-term goal is to prepare humanity for its astronomical environment and potential encounters with beings whose modes of existence, thought, and ethics may differ radically from our own.

Key Investigations and Reports

The Carcés Sighting (February 10, 1975)

A significant portion of the magazine is dedicated to the detailed investigation of an incident in Carcés, France. Alain Fraisse, a 32-year-old merchant, reported seeing a dark, matte, cylindrical object with a raised, off-center section. The object, estimated to be about 15 meters long and 2 meters thick, hovered silently at an altitude of 5-6 meters above a wheat field. It displayed five or six illuminated 'hublots' and emitted a faint, non-diffusing light. During the sighting, Fraisse's car radio crackled and stopped, only to resume functioning later. The investigation, led by Monsieur CREBELY of SVEPS with the assistance of engineers COMPAIN and RETTERER, involved interviewing Fraisse, who was described as a credible and robust individual. Despite a thorough inquiry with local authorities and a revisit to the site with gendarmes, no physical traces were found. However, magnetic anomalies were detected around Fraisse's car and in the iron stakes supporting a nearby vineyard. The report notes that the Carcés region has a history of interesting cases, including one in 1957.

Other Sightings

• Sollies-Ville (January 6, 1971): Madame X observed a bright, elongated rectangular object with sharp angles and small antennas, described as white-gold and absolutely motionless, in the sky near the moon. It remained visible for about 30 minutes before disappearing.
• Sainte-Maxime (October 20, 1974): Three witnesses independently reported seeing a very luminous green and violet object, approximately the size of a quarter moon, moving rapidly and silently over the port. The object disappeared as if diving towards the 'Marines de Cogoline.' The witnesses were identified as Monsieur POUZADOUX, Monsieur TOUCAS, and Monsieur PORTA. POUZADOUX is credited with finding the other witnesses and filing a report with the gendarmerie, though the latter did not record the other testimonies.

Scientific and Technical Articles

"Enquete: Carces" (Investigation: Carcés)

This section details the Carcés incident, providing Fraisse's account, his vehicle's characteristics (Peugeot 404 with iodine headlights), and the investigative steps taken. It discusses the challenges of identifying the object, ruling out conventional aircraft or vehicles due to the lack of noise and visible traces. The report mentions the new moon on the night of the sighting and the clear weather conditions.

"Enregistreur Lumineux" (Luminous Recorder)

J.F. LANTRUA describes the design and principle of a 'luminous recorder' intended for periodic luminous phenomena. The device aims to transcribe luminous frequencies into electrical and then acoustic frequencies, making them interpretable by the human ear. It utilizes a spherical mirror, a photosensitive element, a pre-amplifier, and a magnetic recorder. The article includes a schematic of the device and an approximate cost of realization.

"Science et Vie" Review

This section briefly reviews the magazine 'Science et Vie,' praising its commitment to exploring new energy sources and challenging established scientific practices. It recommends the magazine to readers interested in scientific advancements.

Book Reviews

• "En Quête des Humanoïdes" by Charles Bowen: This collective work, featuring contributions from prominent ufologists like Jacques Vallée and Coral Lorenzen, is described as a fundamental book for understanding the relationship between UFOs and humanoids. It is recommended as a foundational text for any ufology library.
• "Météorologie: Le petit guide" by P.E. Lehr, R.W. Burnett, and H.S. Zim: This guide is presented as a clear explanation of weather phenomena, covering clouds, winds, atmospheric pressure systems, and weather forecasting. It includes numerous illustrations and is recommended for those interested in meteorology.
• "Le Livre Qui Dit La Vérité" by Claude Vorilhon: This book is critically reviewed as a 'delirious' and 'scam-like' work that attempts to explain human history through the intervention of 'Elohim.' The reviewer dismisses its content, particularly the claim that Samson was telepathic and used his hair as antennas, and warns readers against it.

General Information

This section includes brief notes on the Mariner IX mission to Mars (finding no signs of life) and the use of sodium vapor rockets for measuring high-altitude winds. It also touches upon the concept of 'global energy' and the need to move beyond artificial distinctions.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue revolve around the scientific investigation of UFO phenomena, the importance of credible witness testimony, and the potential implications of UFOs for human understanding and evolution. The SVEPS organization positions itself as a serious research entity, employing scientific methods and interdisciplinary approaches. There is a clear stance against sensationalism, favoring a rational and evidence-based approach to the study of the unexplained. The magazine promotes the idea that ufology is not a fringe topic but a crucial field of study that can contribute to humanity's broader understanding of the universe and its place within it. The editorial emphasizes the 'bipolar' nature of the phenomenon (object and witness) and the universal scope of ufological research, suggesting that it touches upon fundamental questions about existence and consciousness.

This issue of "INTRODUCTION AUX MICRO-ORDINATEURS" is the second part, focusing on the software of the central unit, specifically the INTEL 8080 microprocessor. It is authored by Marc Marinello, an engineer and technical advisor.

L'UNITE CENTRALE: SON SOFTWARE

Marc Marinello explains that the essential characteristics of a computer depend on its instruction set. To help those with basic informatics knowledge understand the central unit's capabilities, this article presents the instruction set of the INTEL 8080. The instructions are shown in octal code, but mnemonic language is commonly used for program comprehension. An example given is the RET instruction, coded as 300 in octal or 11000000 in binary, signifying a return to the main program.

Marinello notes that while INTEL's proposed mnemonic language is complex, many people have developed simpler alternatives. He has chosen the system proposed by Professor Nicoud of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL) for its simplicity and clarity. The article includes a reference card for INTEL 8080 microprocessor instructions, detailing register organization, 16-bit word storage, instruction execution time, interrupt handling, and octal conversion. It also provides a comprehensive list of INTEL 8080 mnemonics with their corresponding octal codes, states, and functions, covering operations like data transfer, arithmetic, logic, and control transfer.

PRINCIPE DE FONCTIONNEMENT DE L'UNITE CENTRALE

This section, accompanied by a flowchart, describes how the central unit fetches, decodes, and executes instructions from memory. It uses an example of a 'Station' program, outlining a sequence of instructions for sensor selection, measurement, and data transmission. The flowchart illustrates the process from a new sensor to the transmission of results via MODEM, including decision points for normal measurement, alarms, and meteorological phenomena.

The text explains that each block in the flowchart represents one or more instructions. For instance, 'OUT A.MPX' is an instruction for sensor selection, where MPX is a multiple selector. The program resides in memory, which can hold up to 65,536 bytes. The length of the program is determined by the number of instructions, each varying in byte size (1, 2, or 3 bytes). The memory is divided into zones: 'PROGRAMM' for the program itself, and 'DATA' for measured results and comparison tables. The article concludes by stating that the next installment will cover the links between the Station and the CPU.

La RECHERCHE PSI et le PENDULE SCRIPTEUR

This article, translated by Y. Begnis, is based on an original work by Dr. R. J. Hardy, a founder and board member of the International Metapsychic Institute. It discusses PSI (Psi-Information) phenomena, which involve acquiring knowledge of objective reality or an individual's mental state outside of known sensory means or rational pathways.

The article highlights the difficulty of directly measuring paranormal phenomena with classical physics equipment, suggesting that only their manifestations can be captured. It links PSI phenomena to the neurophysiological system and instinct, particularly in higher beings. The development of this faculty is often aided by 'assistants' like crystal balls, cards, and pendulums.

Radiesthésie, using a pendulum, is presented as a divinatory tool that, when used rationally, can be an effective aid for paranormal awareness. Jean Auscher's 'scripto-pendule' method is described as an interesting research approach, focusing on the phenomenology of paranormal knowledge acquisition and physiological manifestations. Auscher's method involves interpreting pendulum signs, which then trigger a conscious response. The process involves the pendulum moving in response to subconscious excitation, leading to a trace on a transparent sheet placed over a map or diagram. The article details the different pendulum movements (waiting, oscillations, ovals, rotations) and their interpretations, relating them to healthy regions, general or localized troubles, and location identification.

It explains that the operator's subconscious state is key, with the pendulum's movement being directly provoked rather than consciously willed. The cycle involves the pendulum waiting, subconscious unlocking, excitation, movement, subconscious blocking, and finally, objectification through a trace. The article also notes that successful research often depends on a sympathetic link between the operator and the subject, and that cases that are very grave or present themselves imperiously tend to yield better results.

DETETECTION and INSOLITE et CREDIBILITE

This section presents a case study of a PSI detection experiment conducted in the presence of J. Auscher and Dr. Ferrie, involving four patients. Each patient's medical condition was unknown to the operator. The results of the detection are compared with the medical diagnoses from sealed envelopes.

For Monsieur G., the detection correctly identified dorsal and lumbar vertebrae issues, matching the medical report of scoliosis and generalized vertebral arthrosis. For Madame T., the detection noted liver, gallbladder, and pancreas issues, aligning with the medical diagnosis of diabetes and ignored pancreatic hypofunction. Madame R.'s detection indicated gallbladder and liver issues and a sluggish descending colon, corresponding to a diagnosis of slight hepatic insufficiency. Monsieur R.'s detection identified spinal column troubles, including dorsal and lumbar issues, which matched the medical report of a past fracture and potential reaction zones.

The article "INSOLITE et CREDIBILITE" by Albert Adell Sabates discusses the importance of evaluating both the witness and the reported event in UFO investigations. Sabates, an engineer, balances practical investigation with theoretical research, focusing on numerical evaluation of UFO observations using parameters like credibility and strangeness, proposed by J. Hynek. The goal is to establish stable criteria for objective and arithmetic evaluation of UFO sightings, contributing to the classification of the phenomenon. The article references several international UFO research reports and studies, emphasizing the need for rigorous methodology and the challenges posed by sensationalism and erroneous judgments.

LES PLANETES

This section provides an overview of the solar system, starting with the Sun and the bodies orbiting it. It explains that planets reflect sunlight and are visible due to their apparent diameter. The planets orbit the Sun in nearly circular paths, mostly aligned with the ecliptic.

The planets are classified as inferior (Mercury, Venus) and superior (Mars, asteroids, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto). Mercury is difficult to observe due to its proximity to the Sun. Venus is the brightest planet after the Sun and Moon, exhibiting phases like the Moon. Mars is recognizable by its reddish color, and telescopic observation reveals polar caps and seasonal changes. Jupiter is the largest planet, with its four main satellites visible through binoculars. Saturn is known for its rings, with Triton being its largest satellite. Uranus appears as a faint star, and Neptune and Pluto are too distant to be observed without instruments.

The article aims to help observers locate celestial bodies and avoid common errors, emphasizing visual spotting rather than detailed study.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine consistently explores the intersection of technology (microcomputers, programming) and the unexplained (UFOs, PSI phenomena). The editorial stance, particularly in the "PLANS D'ACTION" section, emphasizes a serious, research-oriented approach to UFO investigation, advocating for rigor, critical thinking, and a focus on objective evaluation rather than sensationalism or mythomania. There's a clear desire to elevate the understanding of these subjects beyond mere curiosity or escapism, promoting a more scientific and grounded perspective. The publication also shows an interest in astronomy, providing accessible information for the general public.

This issue of 'Approche' magazine, published in French, delves into the complex field of ufology with a primary focus on developing a rigorous methodology for analyzing and classifying Unidentified Flying Object (UFO) sightings. The central theme revolves around 'Insolite et Credibilite' (Strangeness and Credibility), aiming to move beyond subjective assessments towards a more objective, quantifiable approach.

Methodological Framework for UFO Analysis

The core of the issue presents a detailed proposal for a UFO case evaluation system, spearheaded by Albert-Adell Sabates, an engineer with expertise in UFO investigations. Sabates' approach is heavily influenced by Professor J. Hynek's work, particularly the concepts of 'strangeness' (sigma) and witness 'credibility' (pi). The article argues that while many have touched upon the reliability of UFO reports, a definitive, easily applicable method for classification has been lacking. Sabates aims to fill this gap by creating a system that yields numerical values, allowing for rapid assessment of a case's significance.

He posits that Hynek's chosen factors, 'sigma' and 'pi', are the most critical for extracting representative values from observations. The proposed system will integrate these factors into a coordinate system with well-defined zones and scales, facilitating a more structured analysis.

The Factor of Strangeness ('Sigma')

Sabates meticulously outlines ten key factors that contribute to the 'strangeness' of a UFO phenomenon, emphasizing that these must be distinct from conventional explanations like balloons, meteorites, or known celestial bodies. The goal is to identify truly anomalous events.

1. BRUIT (Noise): The absence of sound from an observed craft is considered strange, especially given that most aircraft produce noise, and even supersonic flight typically generates a sonic boom. While some UFOs are reported with bizarre sounds, the lack of sound is a significant indicator.
2. LUMIERE (Light): A craft appearing as a complete source of light, rather than having standard illumination (position lights, landing lights), is deemed strange. Unlike conventional aircraft that reflect sunlight or have fixed lights, UFOs may exhibit unusual light behaviors, including continuous, solid-looking beams.
3. FORME (Shape): Any shape that deviates from known conventional structures is considered strange. This includes experimental terrestrial craft if they are advanced and unknown.
4. VITESSE (Speed): Observing craft with speeds that appear unusually slow or extremely fast is a key factor. This is particularly relevant for observers accustomed to conventional aircraft speeds.
5. EVOLUTIONS (Movements): Anomalous movements, such as hovering without apparent propulsion, floating, or instantaneous acceleration/deceleration that defy known physics (like overcoming inertia or gravity), are considered strange.
6. TEMPS D'OBSERVATION (Observation Time): Continuous observation of an unusual phenomenon for over 25 seconds, without diminishing astonishment, is noted. While 25 seconds might be short for a professional, it's significant for a layperson.
7. QUANTITE (Quantity): The observation of multiple forms with identical or different structures, exhibiting equally strange characteristics, adds to the strangeness factor.
8. CONDITIONS METEOROLOGIQUES (Meteorological Conditions): Observing a phenomenon under optimal vision conditions, free from potential misinterpretations caused by rain, wind, hail, or snow, is crucial. Adverse weather can obscure or distort observations, making them less reliable.
9. LUMIERES SECONDAIRES (Secondary Lights): The perception of luminous phenomena that complement the main object and appear unusual in nature or behavior. These might be lights that seem to disappear behind the object's volume, suggesting they are part of its structure, or continuous beams of light.
10. EFFETS SECONDAIRES (Secondary Effects): Any strange occurrences affecting living beings or machines during an observation that lack scientific explanation. Examples include stopped watches, malfunctioning engines, reduced light intensity, radioactivity, unexplained animal deaths, or illnesses.

Sabates deliberately omits factors like 'Physical Evidences and Humanoids' (Vallee's typology) as they represent only 8% of total cases and might detract from the reliability component. He believes that focusing on the witness's reliability is paramount for certain types of cases.

The Factor of Credibility ('Pi')

While not detailed in this excerpt, the article implies that witness credibility is equally important. The system aims to provide objective and arithmetic evaluations of each UFO observation, which is vital for classifying the phenomenon. Sabates stresses the need to universalize and refine these evaluation methods beyond current concepts.

References and Related Studies

The article cites several key references and studies in the field of ufology, underscoring the international nature of the research:

• Thomas OLSEN: His work on outstanding UFO sighting reports is referenced, including a chapter on 'Reliability. Indices.'
• Claude POHER: Statistical studies on 1,000 UFO testimonies are mentioned, published in France.
• J. Allen HYNEK: His book 'The UFO Experience: A Scientific Inquiry' is cited, published in Chicago.
• Vincente-Juan BALLESTER OLMOS: A Valencian researcher whose work is acknowledged.

These references highlight the long-standing effort (over 25 years) to document and analyze UFO phenomena, often in the face of skepticism and the human tendency to seek easy explanations for the unknown.

Editorial Stance and Future Directions

The magazine, through this article, advocates for a scientific and methodical approach to ufology. It emphasizes the importance of objective data collection and analysis, moving away from anecdotal evidence and sensationalism. The editorial stance supports rigorous investigation, acknowledging the challenges but stressing the necessity of developing standardized tools for evaluating UFO reports. The article concludes by stating the intention to order these 'strangeness' components on an axis within a coordinate system, awaiting further study to define valuation zones.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue are the scientific study of UFOs, the development of objective classification systems, and the critical assessment of witness reliability. The editorial stance is clearly in favor of a systematic, data-driven approach to ufology, aiming to legitimize the field by applying rigorous analytical methods. The magazine encourages continued research and the refinement of evaluation techniques, acknowledging the contributions of international researchers and advocating for a unified language in discussing UFO phenomena.