Animals and Men - No 38

Magazine Overview

Animals & Men, Issue 38, is the quarterly journal of the Centre for Fortean Zoology (CFZ). The issue is priced at £3.00 and features a cover story on 'The Blue Dog of Elmendorf', 'The Original `Gorilla`', 'Big cats in Australia', and 'Cyclops cat', along with news and reviews.

Editorial

The editorial, written by Jonathan Downes (Director, CFZ), begins with the sad news of his father's passing at the age of 81. He expresses gratitude to CFZ members for their condolences and support. His father, a Naval man and instrumental in setting up the International Sea Cadet Corps, was honored by both the Sea Cadets and the CFZ at his funeral. The editorial announces that Downes has inherited a 50% share of the family home, securing a permanent base for the CFZ in rural North Devon, which will include a museum and laboratory. He also reflects on his father's interest in the CFZ's expedition to The Gambia, which was renamed the "J.T. Downes Memorial West Africa Expedition 2006" in his honor. The expedition team has returned, and a book about it is forthcoming.

The Faculty of the Centre for Fortean Zoology

This section details the structure and personnel of the CFZ. It lists the Permanent Directorate, including Hon. Life President Colonel John Blashford-Snell, Director Jonathan Downes, Deputy Director Graham Inglis, Zoological Director Richard Freeman, Assistant Director/Resident Artist Mark North, and others. It also lists the Board of Consultants, with specialists in various fields such as Zoology, Palaeontology, Ichthyology, and Cryptozoology, including notable figures like Dr. Karl Shuker and Loren Coleman. Regional Representatives for England, Wales, Northern Ireland, USA, and International locations are also listed.

Newsfile

DORTY MONKEY

This article reports on the scientific description of a new genus of monkey, *Rungwecebus kipunji*, the first new genus of monkey described in 83 years. Found in Tanzania, the Kipunji monkey has a distinctive Mohawk stripe of hair and is described as being about 90cm tall with grey-brown fur. Scientists warn that the animal is already under threat from logging and hunting. The discovery was made by an international team, with lead author Tim Davenport from the Wildlife Conservation Society. Genetic and morphological tests confirmed it was a new genus, not just a new species.

Troglodyte Times

This section explores discoveries in cave systems. Richard Freeman stumbled upon what might be a new species of luminous gnat larva in a cave in northwest Thailand in 2000, but no one has returned to search for it. The article highlights caves as potential sources for new species.

The Descent

Craig Wagnell discovered what he believes to be a new species of Campodeid diplurans in a cave, the location of which is kept secret. He initially photographed them in 2004 and is now revealing the find after receiving support for its novelty. The cave contains fossils, and Wagnell managed to collect six specimens after being advised to use blue cheese in traps. He also noted another white creature running around.

The Cave

Underground research has also identified a new genus of cricket in caves within the Grand Canyon-Parashant National Monument in Arizona. The discovery was made by J. Judson Wynne and Kyle Voyles. The new genus is yet to be named and was identified by cricket expert Theodore Cohn. It differs from other crickets in the structure of its cerci and reproductive zone.

I Must Go Down to the Sea Again.

This article details the discovery of a remarkably diverse range of extraordinary sea creatures in the permanently dark waters beneath the Bermuda Triangle. Scientists on the NOAA ship *Ronald H. Brown* have catalogued 500 species and analyzed the DNA of 220, revealing up to 20 new species. Dr. Peter Wiebe, the cruise's scientific leader, compares charting plankton to astronomers charting stars, emphasizing the importance of this research for understanding ocean health and climate change. The cruise also captured over 120 fish species, including rare male anglerfishes, possible new species of black dragonfish, and a fish known as "the great swallower."

Previously unknown species of hammerhead shark discovered

Scientists from Nova Southeastern University and the University of South Carolina have discovered a new, unnamed species of hammerhead shark in the southeastern Atlantic. It closely resembles the scalloped hammerhead (*Sphyrna lewini*), with DNA and vertebrae counts being the primary distinguishing factors. Mahmood Shivji, director of the Guy Harvey Research Institute, noted that this cryptic species may be less abundant and more susceptible to fishing pressure, with concerns that fishermen may be catching them without realizing they are a distinct species. The article also touches upon the issue of shark finning and the decline of hammerhead populations.

Not to be out done freshwater has some surprises as well......

Sting in the tail

A new species of freshwater stingray has been discovered in a river in western Thailand. The stingray, named *Himantura kittipong*, measures 60 centimeters in width and was first observed in 2004. Its survival is considered slim due to pollution, overfishing, and dam building in Thai rivers. The species was described by WWF freshwater biologist Chavalit Vidthayanon and Tyson Roberts of the Smithsonian Institute.

The landscape of our minds

A team of scientists believes they have discovered an undocumented species of trout high in the mountains of Mexico, which they have called the "Conchos Trout." Discovered in 2005, the species is visually distinct with heavier spotting on its back end and a more pronounced yellow coloration on its stomach. The research team, including Frank Pfeifer, a retired U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service scientist, has been investigating trout habitats in the Rao Conchos tributaries since 1997. They believe this trout may be the same species documented by a professor at Vanderbilt University in the 1880s, though the original specimens were lost.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue of Animals & Men are the ongoing discoveries of new and unusual species across diverse environments, from deep-sea creatures and remote cave systems to freshwater rivers and mountain streams. The journal maintains a focus on zoology and cryptozoology, highlighting scientific expeditions and research. The editorial stance, as expressed by Jonathan Downes, is one of dedication to the Centre for Fortean Zoology's mission, now bolstered by a permanent physical location, and a commitment to documenting and exploring the unexplained and the unknown in the natural world. There is also a clear emphasis on the importance of conservation for newly discovered species facing threats from human activities.

Title: ANIMALS & MEN
Issue: ISSUE 38
Document Type: magazine_issue

New Species and Rediscoveries

Frogs in Laos

Researchers from the World Conservation Society (WCS) have discovered eight new species of frogs in Laos over the past two years. Bryan Stuart, leading the team, told The Associated Press that Laos's amphibian fauna is poorly understood compared to neighboring countries, with many field trips yielding unknown species. These frogs inhabit intact forests, and their habitat is threatened by deforestation. Stuart emphasized the loss of biodiversity when forests are cleared.

Rediscovery in Remote Colombia

Scientists have sighted a spectacular South American frog, the painted frog (*Atelopus ebenoides marinkellei*), in a remote region of Colombia, which had been feared extinct since 1995. This species is found only in the Boyaca region. Conservationists believed it had gone extinct due to the fungal disease chytridiomycosis, which has caused significant harm to many amphibian species worldwide. The rediscovery offers hope that other amphibians may survive fungal attacks. Professor Carlos Rocha and a team from the Pedagogical and Technological University of Colombia (UPTC) in Boyaca spotted the frog in early May. Fabio Arjona, executive director of Conservation International in Colombia, stressed the need for urgent measures to save these amphibians.

Unusual Wildlife Encounters

African Fish Hunts on Land

Biologists have discovered an unusual eel catfish in the swamps of tropical Africa that hunts prey on dry land. It catches insects by arching its body out of the water and trapping prey against the ground. This adaptation allows it to hunt on land, as its aquatic suction method is ineffective. A team led by Sam Van Wassenbergh of the University of Antwerp submitted findings to the journal *Nature*, speculating that a similar strategy might have been used by early vertebrates emerging from the oceans.

Yeti Mouse and Everest Expedition

An expedition by Conservation International and Disney's Animal Kingdom to the Tibetan "Sacred Lands" in Southwest China and Nepal has announced the discovery of a pocket of extraordinary flora and fauna. Leeanne Alonso, the expedition's lead scientist, highlighted the discovery of many new and endangered species in this harsh environment. Finds included "Yak Killer" giant hornets, jumping "Yeti" mice, a new grasshopper species, baby blue-faced golden monkeys, hamster-like pikas, and several new species of frogs, insects, and ants. The results will be shared with governments and conservation organizations to develop protection strategies.

Seabirds in Disguise: New Penguin Species

A few thousand small penguins on the French islands of Amsterdam and St Paul in the southern Indian Ocean have been declared a new species, *Eudyptes moseleyi*. Pierre Jouventin, a scientist and film-maker, had claimed this 25 years ago, noting differences in mating songs and eyebrow length. His claims were initially dismissed but have now been vindicated by DNA tests. This discovery is significant as it makes the penguins a protected species, preventing their collection and sale.

Cryptozoology and Controversial Sightings

Marsupial Wolf in the Fold

Mick Stubbs reported seeing a large, cat-like creature with a long, thin tail on a roadway near Mullumbimby, North Coast. He described it as having a gold-colored coat, rounded ears, and bright gold eyes, and estimated its size at about 700 millimeters high. Stubbs believes it might be a Thylacine, an extinct species. He notes that over ten other people have reported similar sightings in the area.

Thylacine Photograph Controversy

The controversy surrounding alleged "thylacine" photographs taken by German tourists Klaus Emmerichs and Birgit Jansen continues. Experts, including Leigh Winburn of The Sunday Tasmanian, have cast doubt on the authenticity of the blurry images, citing issues with autofocus, date discrepancies, and resemblance to a famous 1930s thylacine photograph. Emmerichs claims the blurring is due to a "night vision" function and that the images are genuine, embedded in his camera's hardware. They claim to have taken the photos in Cradle Mountain-Lake St Clair National Park, Tasmania.

Government and Military Investigations

"Gay Bomb" and Other Military Research

US military papers reveal investigations into a "gay bomb" designed to make enemy soldiers "sexually irresistible" to each other. Other proposed weapons included those to cause bad breath. The US defense department considered non-lethal chemicals to disrupt enemy discipline and morale, with a 1994 plan costing $7.5m, though it was never pursued. The US Air Force Wright Laboratory sought funding for research into "harassing, annoying and 'bad guy'-identifying chemicals" under the US Freedom of Information Act.

Obituaries

John Tweddell Downes I.S.O. (1925-2006)

John Downes, born in Plymouth in 1925, had a distinguished career. He served in the Merchant Navy during the Battle of the Atlantic, worked for the Ministry of Agriculture, and joined the Colonial Service in Nigeria. He later transferred to Hong Kong, rising to Assistant Colonial Secretary and founding the Hong Kong Sea Cadet Corps. He was made a companion to the Queen and awarded the Imperial Service Order. After early retirement due to medical grounds, he and his wife Mary settled in North Devon, where he managed local businesses and was active in the community. He renewed his love of the sea by commanding TS Revenge, a Bideford Sea Cadet Corps vessel. Downes was also an author, with works on African History and Devonshire dialect. He died peacefully in North Devon District Hospital on February 14th, aged 81, after a battle with Parkinson's Disease. He is survived by his sons, Jonathan Downes (Director of the Centre for Fortean Zoology) and The Rev'd Richard Downes (Chaplain to the Forces).

Darren McGavin (1922-2006)

Darren McGavin, born in San Joaquin, California, in 1922, was an actor known for his role as Karl Kolchak in the cult TV series "Kolchak The Night Stalker." The series, which ran from 1972-1974, featured Kolchak investigating paranormal phenomena. McGavin also had a major role in 1945 and appeared in films and television, including as detective Mike Hammer. He passed away on February 25th, 2006, at the age of 83 in Los Angeles. The article laments a recent poor remake of the series, stating that only Darren McGavin truly embodied the character of Karl Kolchak.

Cryptozoology Under Surveillance

Nick Redfern's new book, "On the Trail of the Saucer Spies," reveals how elements of the British Intelligence community, including Special Branch, Scotland Yard, and GCHQ, have monitored UFO researchers for decades. Redfern's source indicated that the surveillance was not to uncover the "alien truth" but stemmed from a conclusion that researchers were "hired" by subversive groups to uncover UK defense secrets, with UFO research serving as a "cover story." Redfern notes that John Downes, known for his Yeti and Loch Ness investigations, was also monitored to see if he was collaborating with certain Irish individuals of interest to the authorities.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The issue covers a wide range of topics including new species discoveries, cryptozoology, controversial sightings, and historical figures. There is a strong emphasis on conservation efforts for endangered species and habitats. The magazine also touches on government investigations into unusual phenomena and historical military projects. The editorial stance appears to be one of reporting on these diverse subjects with a degree of skepticism towards sensational claims while acknowledging the importance of investigation and discovery. The obituaries highlight significant figures in fields related to the magazine's interests.

This issue of "Animals & Men" (Issue 38) covers a range of intriguing topics, from personal accounts of government surveillance and harassment to extensive investigations into the phenomenon of 'big cats' sighted in various parts of the world, and a critical look at theories surrounding the Loch Ness Monster.

Government Surveillance and Harassment

The issue opens with a detailed account from an individual named Jon, who describes an unsettling experience at Plymouth Airport. While waiting for a flight with Tony 'Doc' Shiels, Jon and his companions were subjected to intense scrutiny by security guards, including 'Men in Black' and 'Special Branch' personnel. This harassment, which included the cancellation of Tony's flight and a request for Alison to move their van, left Jon feeling paranoid and questioning the motives behind the actions, suggesting it might be related to political events or their Fortean interests.

Nick Redfern further elaborates on the theme of government surveillance, discussing how agencies like Special Branch compile files on individuals with Fortean interests. He criticizes the erroneous conclusions drawn by these agencies, suggesting that their research is often misinterpreted as a cover for subversive activities. Redfern argues that this unwarranted surveillance is a serious issue in an increasingly 'Big Brother' state and calls for it to be stopped.

Big Cats in the Bush?

A significant portion of the magazine is dedicated to reports of 'big cat' sightings, primarily focusing on Australia and the UK.

Australian Big Cat Sightings

Ruby Lang's article, "Big Cats In The Bush?", explores the belief that big cats, likely pumas and leopards, are roaming the Australian bush. Mike Williams, a researcher, has been investigating these sightings for five years, noting reports of unusual stock losses, attacks, and large tracks. He has collected evidence such as scat, spoor, and hair samples for analysis. Sightings have been reported across Western Australia, New South Wales, and Victoria. In Victoria, the Grampians mountain range has been a hotspot, with a Deakin University study concluding that big cats were present. Incidents include sheep carcasses found with evidence of predation and a prize bull, horse, and sheep being savagely slain in the Packenham district.

Reports from NSW, including areas like Hawkesbury and Kenthurst, have prompted the Department of Agriculture to create a website page to address the sightings. Dr. Johannes Bauer, an academic with experience in large cat surveys, concluded that the most likely explanation for the evidence in NSW was the presence of a large feline predator. Evidence from the Grose Vale area, where a domestic cat was killed, also pointed to a large, leopard-sized feline.

Several theories are presented for the presence of these cats in Australia: descendants of escaped pets or zoo animals, American gold miners' pets, feral cats (though genetically unlikely to grow to leopard size), US airmen releasing mascots, crashed circus vehicles, or releases from private zoos or individuals whose exotic pets outgrew their enclosures.

UK Big Cat Sightings

In the UK, the article "MYSTERY CATS DIARY" by an unnamed author (likely Jon, given the context) recounts his involvement in a big cat conference. He mentions speakers like Bob Trubshaw, John Michell, Nigel and David Spencer, and Jonathan McGowan. The author also shares his personal experiences and observations related to big cat research and conferences, highlighting the dedication of field naturalists and cryptozoologists.

Aquatic Monsters Log Book

Oll Lewis introduces the CFZ's aquatic monster study group, which aims to collate and examine reports of aquatic monsters. He addresses the ongoing debate about the identity of the Loch Ness Monster.

The Loch Ness Monster: Elephant Theory

Neil Clark, a Glasgow museum palaeontologist, proposes a theory that many Loch Ness Monster sightings could be explained by circus elephants swimming in the loch. He suggests that people would only see the trunk and back, mistaking it for a monster. While acknowledging this theory doesn't explain all sightings, it attempts to account for those involving a long protrusion and a hump. The author critically examines this theory, questioning its plausibility, especially concerning the risk to expensive animals and the difficulty of correlating sightings with circus visits, particularly from the pre-World War II era.

Champ of Lake Champlain

The issue also briefly mentions footage acquired by ABC in America, believed to show 'Champ', the monster of Lake Champlain. The video, analyzed by retired FBI forensic image analysts, was confirmed as genuine but its subject remains officially unconfirmed.

Conservative Planning

A short piece notes that papers released under the UK freedom of information act reveal that in the 1980s, Margaret Thatcher's government and Whitehall officials hatched a plan.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine consistently explores themes of unexplained phenomena, government secrecy, and the fringes of scientific and folkloric inquiry. There is a clear editorial stance in favor of investigating and reporting on these subjects, often challenging official explanations and highlighting perceived cover-ups or misinterpretations by authorities. The publication champions the work of researchers and enthusiasts in fields like cryptozoology and Forteana, encouraging the sharing of information and the pursuit of 'the truth' outside of conventional channels. The tone is often critical of government agencies and mainstream scientific dismissal of these topics.

Title: ANIMALS & MEN
Issue: ISSUE 38
Document Type: Magazine Issue

This issue of Animals & Men delves into a variety of intriguing topics, ranging from cryptozoology and unexplained phenomena to historical accounts of exploration and the origins of species.

Loch Ness Monster and Other Marine Mysteries

The issue begins by detailing a planned, but ultimately abandoned, attempt to find the Loch Ness Monster. Civil servants had considered using trained bottlenose dolphins equipped with cameras and strobe lights. However, concerns about legal protection for the creature, potential ridicule, and finding loopholes in existing laws led to the scheme's cancellation. The government ultimately decided that proving the creature's existence was irrelevant.

Two other marine mysteries are presented. A large 1.7m (5 foot 8 inches) long cuttlefish caused a panic among holidaymakers in Chinquihue beach, Chile, after it appeared on the shore, attracted by warm waters. It was stoned to death by locals. In Malaysia, fishermen discovered the rotting carcass of a large, unknown animal, estimated to be over 7m (23 feet) long, near Kampung Pengkalan Sungai Udang. While initially baffling, photographs suggest it might be a large Indo-Pacific crocodile.

Bigfoot Notebook: Sonoma Video Hoax Debunked

Under the "Bigfoot Notebook" section by Paul Vella, the issue scrutinizes the alleged Bigfoot sighting in Sonoma County, California, accompanied by a video. The Alliance of Independent Bigfoot Investigators declared the video and story a hoax. Veteran investigator John Freitas noted inconsistencies between the video's mountainous peaks and Sonoma's geography. He stated that the subject's statements were consistent with someone fabricating a story.

Matt Moneymaker's Bigfoot Field Researcher's Organization (BFRO) initially proclaimed the video authentic, claiming it couldn't be a man in a suit and that they were negotiating video rights. However, illusionists Penn & Teller revealed on their TV show 'Bullshit' that they were behind the hoax. They explained they had filmed a man in a suit near their office, posted it online, and waited for reactions. The BFRO website's initial defense of the footage, citing its unique anatomy, is presented, followed by Moneymaker's post-broadcast denial of Penn & Teller's involvement, which was quickly removed.

The article criticizes the BFRO for jumping on anything that might make money and questions Moneymaker's surname. It highlights Penn & Teller's clever ploy, noting that while they didn't break laws by perpetrating the hoax, their claim of faking it would likely increase their show's ratings. The author concludes by questioning whether bigfoots exist or if witnesses have been lying or hallucinating, and whether Penn & Teller are full of it or trying to boost ratings.

Yeti Origins and Hobbit Species Debate

The issue traces the first western report of the Himalayan Yeti to an Irishman, Charles Howard-Bury, who in 1921 was mapping the Himalayas. While in the foothills, he spotted large footprints in the snow, which he attributed to an unknown large creature. The article questions what has been achieved in resolving this mystery over the past 85 years.

A significant portion is dedicated to the discovery of bones in Indonesia, initially hailed as a new, hobbit-like human species named *Homo floresiensis*. However, researchers Robert D. Martin and colleagues challenge this classification in the journal *Science*. They propose that the specimen, LB1, is a modern human suffering from microencephaly, a genetic disorder causing small brain size. Martin argues that LB1's brain size of 400 cubic centimeters is too small for a dwarf species and would indicate a creature only one foot tall. The presence of sophisticated stone tools, associated with modern humans, found at the site, further supports this theory. Dean Falk and other researchers, however, call Martin's assertions unsubstantiated and argue that LB1's brain size is consistent with adult microcephalics.

Recent Sightings and Historical Accounts

Recent sightings are summarized, with a note that the BFRO database will no longer be referenced due to concerns about its reliability. A newspaper report from May 18, 2006, details a Democratic candidate for county commissioner, Don Avery, who claims to have seen a Sasquatch in Washington State in the early 2000s. He described the creature as large, stocky, bear-like in hair but not face, and making high-pitched noises. Avery also claims to have seen a UFO in Gig Harbor, Washington, in 1979. His website, strange-experiences.com, has since been taken down.

An archival piece presents an early newspaper report from The Pinedale Roundup, Wyoming, in 1929, about a "Queer Beast" found by François De Loys in the Venezuelan jungles. Described as having an almost human head and being ape-like, it was photographed by a geologist. Dr. Georges Montandon, a French scientist, studied the findings and emphasized the animal's size, comparing it to an orangutan but larger than any known anthropoid in Latin America.

Another archival section from the Syracuse Herald-Journal (July 9, 1975) reports that Sasquatch, or Bigfoot, has been officially recognized in the "Washington Environmental Atlas." The atlas describes the creature as standing up to 12 feet tall, weighing up to 1,000 pounds, and having a stride of up to 6 feet. It notes the creature is agile, strong, and shy, leaving minimal evidence, and that hair claimed to be from Sasquatch was analyzed by the FBI and found not to have come from man or any known animal.

The Original Gorilla

Chris Clark's article, "The Original Gorilla," explores ancient voyages of discovery, predating the Portuguese navigators and Vikings. It mentions Pharaoh Necho's Phoenician fleet circumnavigating Africa around 600 BC, Darius's expedition navigating the Indus, and a Persian attempt to circumnavigate Africa anti-clockwise. The Greek sailor Pytheas of Massalia's voyage around 320 BC, reaching Britain and possibly the Arctic Circle, is also discussed. The article highlights the account of Carthaginian admiral Hanno, who sailed down the west coast of Africa into the tropics. His achievements were recorded in an inscription in the temple of Baal at Carthage, later copied and translated by Greek travelers.

One section of Hanno's account describes seeing the coast at night full of flames, with a large flame rising to the stars, identified as Mount Cameroun. The article notes that Hanno encountered an almost reached the Equator and encountered an island with a lagoon inhabited by women with hairy bodies, whom interpreters called 'gorillas.' These women bit and clawed their captors, and their skins were brought back to Carthage. The author questions whether this description truly fits a gorilla, noting that gorillas are not known for throwing stones, do not swim, and large males are not good climbers.

In 1847, Dr. Thomas Savage, in Gabon, encountered a skull identified by natives as a monkey-like animal. Recognizing it as a new species of great ape, he learned from natives and brought back a skeleton. He named the creature 'gorilla,' inspired by Hanno's voyage and encounter with hairy creatures.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue revolve around the investigation of unexplained phenomena, cryptozoology, and the critical examination of evidence and claims. The magazine demonstrates a skeptical yet curious approach, particularly evident in the debunking of the Sonoma Bigfoot video and the scientific debate surrounding *Homo floresiensis*. There is a clear emphasis on distinguishing between genuine reports and hoaxes, and on questioning sensationalist claims, especially those made by organizations like the BFRO. The inclusion of historical accounts and scientific challenges suggests an editorial stance that values thorough investigation and critical analysis of both modern and ancient mysteries. The magazine also shows an interest in the origins of species and the historical context of discoveries.

Title: ANIMALS & MEN
Issue: 38
Publisher: CFZ Press
Country: United Kingdom
Document Type: Magazine Issue

This issue of "Animals & Men" delves into a variety of intriguing and often bizarre topics related to unknown animals, folklore, and potential evolutionary anomalies. The articles explore historical accounts, modern sightings, and the debunking of hoaxes, offering a blend of cryptozoological investigation and skeptical analysis.

The Agogwe and Ancient Encounters

The issue begins by examining historical accounts of creatures that might be mistaken for gorillas, referencing T.H. Huxley's essay "On the Natural History of the Man-like Apes" (1867) which questioned the identification of the modern gorilla with the creature described by Hanno. It then moves to Heuvelmans' "On the Track of Unknown Animals," which features a chapter on the "Little Hairy Men," or "agogwe," described as small, brown, hairy, man-like creatures seen in East Africa in the first half of the twentieth century. Two typical accounts from Tanzania are presented: one describing small, furry creatures like little men, about four feet high, clad in russet hair, and another detailing "little red men" hurling pebbles from craggy heights. The article suggests that the Carthaginians, who encountered creatures described by Hanno, might have encountered these agogwe rather than gorillas, noting that they were described as "hairy bodies" and not human.

Further exploration of these creatures extends to Gabon and the Ivory Coast, with Heuvelmans believing that the creatures seen in Tanzania, Ivory Coast, and Mozambique are essentially the same species distributed across Africa. An elephant hunter named Dunckel is said to have shot a small, unknown primate with reddish-brown hair in 1947. The article also touches upon the fascinating speculation that 2,500 years ago, the skins of three Australopithecines, a human ancestor that lived in Southern Africa as recently as 500,000 years ago, may have hung in the temple of Baal in Carthage.

A bibliography is provided, listing Herodotus's "The Histories," B. Cunliffe's "The Extraordinary Voyage of Pytheas the Greek," and B. Heuvelmans' "On the Track of Unknown Animals," along with online resources for Hanno's voyage and T.H. Huxley's essay.

Cyclops Cat: A Hoax?

This section investigates a viral image of a one-eyed kitten, reportedly born in Redmond, Oregon, and named Cy. The kitten, which also lacked a nose, died within a day. Medical authorities identify the condition as "holoprosencephaly," which causes facial deformities. However, the article expresses suspicion about the authenticity of the photo, with zoologist Richard Freeman noting several inconsistencies. He points out that the eye resembles that of a herbivore rather than a cat, and that cats are born with their eyes closed, unlike the large, open eye in the photo. The article suggests the image is likely a hoax employing image manipulation software, comparing it to other recent hoaxes like the giant shark and the giant domestic cat.

The Bald Dog of Elmendorf

Jonathan Downes recounts his investigation into the phenomenon of the "chupacabra," initially encountered in Puerto Rico in 1998. His early theory that the creature was supernatural was later proven wrong. He discovered that the term "chupacabra" originated in 1994 in a Canovenas bar, coined from Spanish words meaning "suck" and "goat," to describe a predator that attacked livestock. The term became a catch-all for various strange creatures, losing its specific meaning.

The article then focuses on an incident in Elmendorf, Texas, in early 2004, where a rancher named Devin Macanally shot a strange, bluey-grey, dog-like animal that had been killing his poultry and calves. The corpse was photographed and circulated online, with some suggesting it was a chupacabra. Macanally himself believed it was a strange dog-like creature, not paranormal, noting its lack of hair. However, the article details how Whitley Strieber contacted Macanally for DNA analysis, which was later reported as deteriorated and unidentifiable.

Downes's own investigation, prompted by a TV producer interested in a series on paranormal investigation, led him to Macanally's ranch. He examined the skull and bones of the shot animal, noting they were harder and more resilient than typical canid bones and that the skull had a small sagittal crest. He also examined skulls of coyotes suffering from mange, finding that the hair loss patterns did not match the Elmendorf creature. Downes proposes that the Elmendorf beast might not be a mangy coyote but could represent the beginnings of a new species evolving from the coyote, a concept he presented to the film crew, much to their disappointment.

He notes that the hair loss pattern on the Elmendorf creature was distinct from that seen in animals with demodectic or sarcoptic mange. The article also mentions that Macanally's friends and neighbors had seen similar animals for years, and that on at least one occasion, a mother was seen with two cubs, all bald and blue. The animal shot by Macanally was in the second trimester of pregnancy.

Downes concludes that while he is convinced the Elmendorf beast is not a coyote with mange, he is unsure of its exact nature. He acknowledges that while some reports of hairless dogs might be mange, the accounts of live sightings across the region suggest something more. He accepts Macanally's invitation for the CFZ to investigate further.

CFZ People and New Arrivals

The final section of the magazine includes updates on "CFZ People." It congratulates Darren Naish on becoming a Doctor, with his thesis on theropod dinosaurs. It also welcomes Nick Redfern, who is considering moving back to England from the US. The "New Arrivals" section announces changes in the CFZ Permanent Directorate: Oll Lewis as Ecological Director, Suzi Marsh as Corporate Fund Raiser, David Phillips joining the Directorate, and Helen Bond being unanimously voted onto the Directorate.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine consistently explores the boundaries between folklore, cryptozoology, and scientific explanation. There is a clear interest in unexplained phenomena and unknown creatures, but also a strong undercurrent of skepticism, particularly in debunking hoaxes and offering rational explanations for reported mysteries. The "Elmendorf beast" article exemplifies this approach, presenting a case that initially appears paranormal but is ultimately analyzed through the lens of potential evolutionary processes and zoological observation, while still leaving room for further investigation. The CFZ's involvement suggests a commitment to exploring these fringe topics, even when the evidence points towards mundane explanations or complex biological processes rather than supernatural or extraterrestrial origins.

Title: ANIMALS & MEN
Issue: 38
Publisher: CFZ COMMUNICATIONS
Country: UK
Language: English
ISSN: 1354 0647

This issue of ANIMALS & MEN delves into a variety of unexplained phenomena, cryptid sightings, and related media reviews. It features personal accounts from readers, discussions of folklore, and critiques of television programs and books.

Letters to the Editor

Illinois Black Panther Sighting Joe Stewart from Michigan recounts an experience from the mid-nineties in Michigan's Lower Peninsula, in an area known as the oil fields. While hunting with his father, he spotted what he described as a black panther. He had heard stories of such a creature from local hunters for decades but had never seen one himself. He observed the animal from the front shoulder to the tip of its tail. He noted that the area was unusually devoid of squirrels and other wildlife at the time of the sighting.

A Day in the Life of a Tree This section includes a brief note from Jon, to whom a photograph was posted on a paranormal newsgroup. A girl named Kim shared an old photo from her grandmother's, showing an object that looked like it had fake bunny ears strapped to it, and asked, "What is IT?" Simon from Minneapolis commented that it looked mildly like an agouti but seemed unlikely.

Demonstration Time

Sally from Eastbourne writes to Jon, mentioning Chris Moiser's cutting from the Scotsman and the 'Eastbourne warthog'. She is investigating local papers and has contacts, including tenants of Bullock Down, for information.

Take a Load Off Your Feet

Vic Harris, a friend of the recipient Jon, shares an account from August 2004 in Bristol, UK. While teaching his daughter Megan to ride her bike in a park, he observed a large black shape moving slowly across the sky. The following day, the object reappeared at the same time. Vic's wife, Geraldine, initially dismissed it as a black bag caught in the wind, but later admitted it was unusual. Vic described the object as jet black, matt, triangular in shape, and appearing to flap its rear points. He estimated its size to be 35 to 50 feet across. The object disappeared rapidly when a police helicopter approached.

Until I Die

This section features correspondence from Martin Pickersgill regarding the Tokoloshe, a creature from southern African folklore. Pickersgill describes it as a 'water sprite' but notes that many who have seen it consider it a physical beast. He directs the reader to Google Earth coordinates near Johannesburg, South Africa, where a large opencast mine is located. He recounts two encounters with the Tokoloshe in 1969. The first involved seeing a dark, possibly hairy, tailless creature about 3-4 feet tall. The second encounter involved multiple Tokoloshes causing a disturbance at a caravan park, jumping on roofs and leaving monkey-sized footprints. Pickersgill suggests the creature is arboreal and possibly a Pongid (ape). He also mentions his plans to target Johannesburg newspapers for information and the need for an African interpreter.

Don't Go Near the Water

Chris Kraska from Ohio comments on a photograph, stating, "Looks like fun. I'm 90% sure this is genuine." The accompanying caption describes a "four-metre great white approach" as a "fairly tube experience."

Reviews

The Short Man of Sumatra: A Primatologist's search for a new species of great ape in Central Sumatra This section reviews a documentary by Hugh Hartford and Anson Hartford, released in 2006. The review highlights Murray Collins' search for the Orang Pendek, a cryptid believed to be a new species of bi-pedal Great Ape in Sumatra. The documentary explores local legends and interviews witnesses, including Debbie Martyr, a zoologist who has seen the creature multiple times. The review notes the potential evolutionary significance if the Orang Pendek exists and mentions discoveries of ancient short humans on Flores, Indonesia.

Hunting the American Werewolf by Linda S. Godfrey This is a review of Linda S. Godfrey's book, which expands on her previous work about the Bray Road werewolf. The book is described as a comprehensive guide to various werewolf-like phenomena, including dog-headed creatures, skinwalkers, and shape-shifters, across the United States and globally. The reviewer praises the book's extensive collection of eyewitness accounts and its exploration of werewolf lore.

The Sycophant

You Couldn't Make It Up! This piece discusses the cryptozoological establishment's reaction to the TV show "Penn and Teller's Bullshit!" The author recounts spending days at Loch Ness filming a segment for the show. The show's remit is to expose unscientific or pseudoscientific ideas. The author notes that Penn and Teller dressed up as Jon and Richard (presumably the show's hosts) and that the CFZ (Centre for Fortean Zoology) participated for three reasons: financial need, covering expenses for other Loch Ness activities, and because they are fans of Penn and Teller, whose brand of libertarianism aligns with their own. The article includes a quote from Penn Jillette about wearing "Richard Freeman Undercrackers."

The Cryptozoology Files

This comic strip by Mark North depicts a scene at Loch Ness. Penn and Teller are shown discussing the Loch Ness Monster, with Teller expressing skepticism and Penn stating that the "undercrackers" are made of chrome steel. The caption indicates that Richard and Jon went to Loch Ness to hunt the beast for the "Penn and Teller's Bullshit" show, with Penn and Teller unaware they were being used as live bait.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine consistently explores the unexplained, focusing on cryptids, UFO sightings, and folklore from around the world. The editorial stance appears to be one of open-minded investigation, presenting personal accounts and media reviews without necessarily endorsing every claim. There is a clear interest in cryptozoology and Fortean phenomena, with a willingness to engage with popular media and scientific inquiry, as evidenced by the discussion of the Penn and Teller show and the book reviews.