Animals and Men - No 25

Magazine Overview

Title: Animals & Men
Issue: 25
Publisher: The Centre for Fortean Zoology
Cover Headline: BERNARD HEUVELMANS 1916 - 2001

This issue of Animals & Men, number 25, is dedicated to the memory of Bernard Heuvelmans, a significant figure in Fortean zoology and the Hon. Consulting Editor of the magazine. The cover features a portrait of Heuvelmans with his birth and death dates. The magazine covers a range of topics related to cryptozoology and unusual animal phenomena.

Editorial

The editorial, written by Jon Downes (Director, Centre for Fortean Zoology), is poignant, marking the recent death of Bernard Heuvelmans. Downes emphasizes Heuvelmans' crucial role in the founding of the Centre for Fortean Zoology and the magazine itself. He acknowledges that Heuvelmans was not always an easy person to get along with but asserts that he was a great man whose life enriched his own. Downes apologizes for not including all the tributes sent in, as they would have filled several issues. He also announces that the magazine has undergone a makeover with new layout work by Mark North. Looking ahead, Downes mentions plans for the magazine's tenth anniversary, including the release of collected editions of the first ten issues and a special cryptozoological theme for the third annual Weird Weekend in Exeter in May 2002.

Contents and Key Articles

Newsfile

Compiled by Jon and Richard, this section covers various recent reports:

• Cold Turkey Has Got Me On The Run: A Bruijn's brush-turkey, a species not seen alive for sixty years, was caught and eaten by hunters on the island of Waigeo, New Guinea. The bird was later recognized as wanted, and its remains were preserved.
• New and Rediscovered:
• Jungle Bunny: The Indonesian National Parks service announced a sighting of the highly endangered Sumatra jungle rabbit.
• Shark Shambles: Confusion arose from an Australian Broadcasting Corporation announcement of a new species of spear-tooth shark. It was later clarified by Ben Roesch that these were new specimens of known species (Glyphis type A and C), not entirely new ones, though still important for scientific study.
• Chili Chupa: A report from Chile describes an encounter with a small, strange creature, about 40 cm tall, with unusual features like long teeth and a forked tongue. The creature was described as having little hair and a strong scent.

That Petrel Emotion

The ornithological journal Emu announced new species. Imber & Tennyson proposed a new petrel, *Pterodroma occulta*, with specific differences from *P. cervicalis*. The paper also discussed the classification of the Norfolk Island Green Parrot and the New Caledonian Red-crowned Parakeet as distinct species based on mtDNA sequencing.

Sympathy 4 The Devil

Reports from Hobart, Tasmania, suggest scientists are investigating the possibility of a remnant mainland population of Tasmanian devils in Victoria, Australia. Four dead devils have been found in Victoria, prompting DNA testing to determine their origin. Historical records indicate earlier sightings and captures of Tasmanian devils in Victoria, leading some to believe in a persistent mainland population.

Big Cats

This section notes a plethora of British Big Cat sightings. It also covers reports from Australia, including government documents detailing concerns about potential dangers from large cat sightings in Queensland, with traps being set. A farmer reported seeing a large cat-like animal with claw and teeth marks on a tree. A Sunshine Coast resident described an elongated, powerful animal resembling a cheetah but without spots. The EPA in Toowoomba noted sightings of "big cats", with one man reporting seeing what he thought was a panther.

A Plague of Lighthouse Keepers

The Eastern Cougar is reportedly making a comeback in Michigan, USA, with over 100 sightings reported. A report from the Michigan Wildlife Habitat Foundation suggests cougars might be returning, though the Michigan Department of Natural Resources states there is no physical evidence yet. While transient animals from Minnesota are possible, the possibility of a remnant population is being considered.

Man Beasts

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Funky Gibbon

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Kraut Krok

A peculiar story from Germany about a mystery crocodile hunt in the Rhine River. The 'crocodile' turned out to be a realistic wooden imitation, likely made by a woodshop worker. Despite this discovery, police continue to believe that a real crocodile may still be in the river, as the wooden one could not have accounted for all sightings.

Nicked Cayman

Reports of crocodiles in New York City, including a spectacled caiman found in Central Park and other alligator sightings in Richmond Creek and Brooklyn. These are believed to be escaped pets, with no evidence of a wild population.

Caiman Geddit?

Another caiman sighting, this time in Vienna, Austria, where a two-foot caiman was found sunning itself on the bank of the Danube River and captured.

Ontario's Anthropoids

Reports from northern Ontario, Canada, detail Bigfoot sightings, including 35-centimetre long footprints found on a native Indian reserve. Elders claim to have seen the creature 20 years prior, and stories have existed for centuries. A government officer also found an odd track, which he thought might be Bigfoot. Tales of a Sasquatch-like creature are common in Canada.

Out of Place

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The Orang Pendek Expedition

A British team discovered a footprint and hair samples of a primate thought to be the orang pendek in the jungles of western Sumatra. The findings are being sent for verification. The orang pendek is described as being 5ft tall with brown, orange hair, and having a human-like gait. The expedition leader expressed confidence that the creature exists, citing heard calls and unexplained trails.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine consistently focuses on cryptozoology, unexplained animal phenomena, and the exploration of creatures that fall outside mainstream scientific understanding. The editorial stance appears to be one of open-minded investigation into these subjects, providing a platform for reports and discussions that challenge conventional zoology. There is a strong emphasis on field reports, scientific investigation (even if preliminary), and historical accounts of mysterious creatures. The magazine also seems to foster a sense of community among its readers and contributors, as evidenced by the various consultants and regional representatives listed.

This issue of "Animals & Men" (Issue #25) focuses on a variety of unusual animal encounters and mysteries, with a particular emphasis on cryptids and unexplained phenomena. The cover story, "CROC SHOCK," details the discovery and capture of a three-foot alligator in Lake Elizabeth, USA. The magazine also features updates on lake monster sightings, including Nessie and Ogopogo, and includes a lengthy tribute to the pioneering cryptozoologist Bernard Heuvelmans.

Croc Shock

The main article, "CROC SHOCK," recounts the unusual incident on July 22nd when a three-foot alligator was discovered on the shores of Lake Elizabeth. Officer Randy Prudik of the local police department responded to the call, initially skeptical, but confirmed the presence of the reptile. The alligator was found in an alleyway and was safely captured by officers using garden gloves and a rope. It was then transported to the police station and housed in a metal kennel. Prudik speculates that the alligator was likely purchased as a small pet and later released into the lake by its owner as it grew too large to manage. He noted that while the alligator might have survived the current water temperatures, it would have died when they dropped. Attempts to find a home for the alligator included contacting the Milwaukee Zoo and the Brookfield Zoo, both of which declined. An exotic pet store owner in Mequon, Adam Aringer, offered to take the alligator to raise.

Aringer explained that abandoned alligators are not uncommon, often brought home by vacationers. He also noted that alligators, regardless of their upbringing, tend to become aggressive. He described the American alligator, which can grow to eight to 12 feet long and weigh up to 500 pounds, and its diet of mice, raw chicken, and eventually larger prey.

The section "BUT WOULD YOU BELIEVE THERE'S MORE?" briefly mentions other alligator sightings: a 3-foot alligator in a Fort Washington creek (The Montgomery Journal, July 26, 2001) and a 4-foot specimen found in a lake near Buffalo, NY. It also lists other alligator reports from WYFF News (June) concerning Lake Hartwell and Lake Bowen in North Carolina, and the Evansville Courier & Press (July 15, 2001) reporting up to three alligators in the Wabash River, and the Detroit News (July 17, 2001) about a 3 1/2-foot alligator found in a retention pond in Shelby.

Eibrah Horror of the Deep

This section details the discovery of a strange lobster on a New Zealand beach, described as "too ugly to eat." Identified as a tropical species, likely a humpbacked slipper lobster (Scyllarides haanii), it is believed to have drifted thousands of kilometers on ocean currents. Marine biologist Dr. John Booth noted it was the largest type of slipper lobster and the first record of its kind in mainland New Zealand, though it's rare and unlikely to breed there.

Lake and Sea Monsters

This article discusses theories about the Loch Ness Monster and other lake and sea creatures. Researcher Luigi Piccardi from Florence announced in the summer of 2001 that he had solved the riddle of the Loch Ness Monster, attributing it to geological instability and a prehistoric tradition of fear, a theory he also applies to other sacred sites.

Loch Ness Update

This section provides recent sightings of "Nessie" from the past year, contributed by Mark Frazer:

• August 5, 2001: An Aberdeen man reported seeing a large black form and a smaller black hump in Loch Ness.
• May 5, 2001: James Gray took five pictures of a head and neck emerging from the water near Invermoriston bay.
• January 10, 2001: Dougie Barbour photographed a wake moving against the current near the Clansman Hotel.

Nessie? Messy

This part of the article discusses the possibility of the Loch Ness Monster being a "decomposing basking shark." It references a strange carcass found on Paltry Beach in Newfoundland in January 2001. The creature, measuring about seven meters and covered in coarse white hair, was found by fisherman Ed Hodder. Another fisherman, Terry Hodder, also saw the remains. The description suggests a skeletal structure with a backbone and ribs, but no clear head or limbs. The stench was overwhelming. The article concludes that while it's difficult to be certain without clear photographs, the carcass is likely that of a large, decomposing basking shark.

Wind Up Working in a Gas Station

This article reports on Don Basaraba, a 20-year-old from Kelowna, who captured video footage of what he believes to be the legendary Lake Monster Ogopogo of Lake Okanagan. The five-minute video, taken on July 9, 2001, shows a serpentine shape about 800 meters behind his boat. Basaraba described it as having a black top and white underneath, shiny, and wiggling like a snake. The Kelowna Globe and Mail reported this event. The article also mentions a contest by the Kelowna Visitor and Convention Bureau, offering $2 million for indisputable evidence of Ogopogo's existence. Several submissions have been received, including Basaraba's tape, a 1994 snapshot, and sonar readings. John Singleton, executive director of the bureau, views the contest as a publicity stunt to bring notoriety to the region.

Attacks

Raven' Mad

This short piece from January 24th describes a peculiar incident in Pace del Mela, Italy, where a crow snatched half a million lire from a man withdrawing money from an ATM. Police are investigating, suspecting the bird may have been trained.

Radioactive Toy

This article reports on the unfortunate end of a conserved Osprey. The bird, ringed in Scotland in 1998, was killed by a fisherman in the Gambia river. The osprey's ring was found in the crocodile's stomach, confirming its journey to West Africa during its annual migration.

And Finally...

This section covers a controversial censorship issue. On June 12, 2001, The Electronic Telegraph reported that ITV had censored the name "Nigger," the famous black Labrador belonging to Guy Gibson, from the film version of the "Dam Busters" bombing raid. The name was used as a codeword and in a poignant scene where the dog was run over. ITV and Granada stated they wanted to avoid offending viewers, citing research that viewers now regard the word "nigger" as highly offensive. The article expresses disbelief at this censorship, suggesting the world has "gone completely mad."

Animals & Men #25: NEWSFILE XTRA: THYLACINE ROUNDUP

This extensive section focuses on the ongoing debate and research surrounding the potential survival of the Tasmanian tiger, or thylacine. It compiles various reports and viewpoints from the year.

• Official Extinction: The State Government of Tasmania officially declared the thylacine extinct, citing a lack of hard evidence for 50 years, the international criterion. However, the government supports "responsible" search efforts.
• Scat Analysis: Official records dating back to 1936 have been kept. Analysis of scats (droppings) submitted over the years has consistently revealed hair from dogs, cats, quolls, or Tasmanian devils, but never thylacine.
• Government Contingency: Michael Aird, Leader for the Government in the Upper House, stated that the response to a rediscovery would depend on the type and verification of evidence, land tenure, and public disclosure.
• Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery: Plans are underway for a $250,000 search for the tiger and a major exhibition, aiming to reclaim the tiger for Tasmania, drawing parallels to the "Tasmanian devil" being claimed by Warner Brothers.
• Bob Eeles's Claims: British scientist Bob Eeles claimed that the Tasmanian tiger exists in large numbers in north-eastern Tasmania, based on reports from credible individuals. He proposed a DNA testing project to analyze carnivore scats for thylacine DNA, intending to take samples to England.
• Scientific Dispute: An international dispute arose over Eeles's plans, with some Tasmanian scientists and authorities wanting to prevent foreign access to potential evidence. Eeles accused local scientists and government authorities of frustrating his project and trying to keep foreigners out. Sally Bryant, a zoologist with the Department of Primary Industries, Water and Environment, stated that Eeles had not submitted a formal permit application and that she needed to be satisfied about the reputability of the scientific institution involved.
• David Pemberton's Project: David Pemberton, curator of vertebrates at the Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery, announced a similar DNA scat project, asserting that the idea originated with his institution and involved all carnivores, not just the thylacine. He also expressed reluctance to allow Tasmanian wildlife material to leave the state.
• Expert Opinions: Tasmanian tiger expert Eric Guiler doubted the animal's existence, having never seen a scat in years of searching. Bob Paddle, author of a book on the last Tasmanian tiger, also believes it is extinct but would be "more than delighted to be wrong." Sally Bryant confirmed the official status as "Presumed extinct."
• Conservation Tool Debate: Dr. Pemberton acknowledged that the possibility of the thylacine's existence could be used as a conservation tool for habitat protection, but he would not promote doing so. He expressed his personal belief that the animal is extinct due to habitat destruction, though he conceded that "extinct animals reappear."

An Appreciation of Bernard Heuvelmans (1916 - 2001)

This tribute by Loren Coleman honors the life and work of Bernard Heuvelmans, widely regarded as the "Father of Cryptozoology." Heuvelmans passed away on August 22, 2001, at the age of 84. The article details his early life, his education at the University Libre of Brussels where he earned a doctorate in zoological sciences, and his early fascination with natural history and unknown animals, inspired by science fiction.

Heuvelmans's career included writing scientific works, escaping German captivity during WWII, and working as a professional jazz singer. He settled in Paris in 1947 and continued his prolific writing career. His interest in unknown animals was significantly sparked by an article about potential dinosaurs. He began systematically gathering evidence for his "dossiers" on undiscovered animals.

His seminal book, "Sur la piste des betes ignorees" (On the Track of Unknown Animals), published in 1955 and later translated into English, became a landmark work. The book's rigorous scientific approach earned him respect. He is credited with coining the term "cryptozoology" in 1959. Heuvelmans corresponded with numerous cryptozoologists worldwide and was recognized as the "master of cryptozoology."

The article highlights his influence on other researchers, including Tom Slick, for whom he served as a confidential consultant. He examined the "Yeti skullcap" and declared it a ritual object. His extensive files on Slick's expeditions were later published.

Heuvelmans's subsequent works included "In the Wake of the Sea-Serpents" (1968), which covered marine unknowns, and other books on surviving dinosaurs and relict hominids. His Center for Cryptozoology, established in 1975, was moved to Le Vesinet and housed his extensive library and files. He was elected president of the International Society of Cryptozoology in 1982.

Despite facing challenges such as lack of institutional sponsorship and having to self-fund his research, Heuvelmans aimed to make his books "fascinating for the largest possible audience." He donated his archives to the Museum of Zoology of Lausanne in Switzerland. In his final years, he was bedridden but continued to work on his multi-volume encyclopedia. Heuvelmans wished to be remembered as "The Father of Cryptozoology," a title he will undoubtedly retain for his significant contributions to the field.

The article concludes with a list of Heuvelmans's major books, spanning from 1955 to 1995, and a brief mention of his collaboration with Boris F. Porchnev on "L'homme de Néanderthal est toujours vivant."

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue of "Animals & Men" are the unexplained, the unusual, and the mysterious in the animal kingdom. The magazine showcases a range of phenomena, from the tangible (alligators, strange lobsters) to the legendary (lake monsters) and the elusive (thylacine, unknown animals). There is a clear editorial stance that supports the investigation of these phenomena, even if they defy conventional scientific explanation. The tribute to Bernard Heuvelmans underscores the magazine's commitment to cryptozoology and the pursuit of knowledge about creatures that exist outside mainstream zoology. The "And Finally..." section, with its commentary on censorship, suggests an editorial leaning towards freedom of information and a skepticism towards overly cautious or politically motivated media practices. The overall tone is one of curiosity, wonder, and a willingness to explore the fringes of the known world.

This issue of 'Animals & Men' (#25) is dedicated to the life and work of Bernard Heuvelmans, a renowned cryptozoologist, and features several obituaries and articles on scientific topics.

Bernard Heuvelmans: The Ultimate Researcher into Unknown Animals

This section, written by François de Sarre, a zoologist, is a personal tribute to Bernard Heuvelmans, who passed away. De Sarre recounts his early fascination with Heuvelmans's books, particularly 'Sur la piste des Bêtes ignorées', which inspired his own career in zoology. He shares personal anecdotes, including an encounter with an unusual snake on a Tunisian island and a discussion about giant murenae, which reminded him of Heuvelmans's work. De Sarre also mentions his meetings with Heuvelmans on the Ile du Levant and their discussions, including the extraordinary report about the Minnesota Iceman, which Heuvelmans considered strong evidence for the existence of relic Neanderthals.

Heuvelmans's early philosophical books, such as 'L'Homme parmi les étoiles' and 'L'Homme au creux de l'atome', are mentioned as his spiritual testament. His extensive library and archives, comprising 20,000 documents, are now housed at the 'Centre de Cryptozoologie' in Le Vésinet, near Paris, and are accessible at the 'Musée cantonal de Zoologie' in Lausanne, Switzerland, where a department is dedicated to him. The author expresses a commitment to continue Heuvelmans's work.

Bernard Heuvelmans: Last of the Scientific Romantics

Richard Freeman writes about Bernard Heuvelmans, describing him as a scientist who created a new discipline, cryptozoology, and was a 'scientific romantic'. Freeman notes that Heuvelmans's books, 'On the Track of Unknown Animals' and 'In the Wake of the Sea Serpents', were seminal works in the field. He contrasts Heuvelmans's speculative approach with modern scientific minds that are often 'imprisoned in dogma'. Freeman laments that much of Heuvelmans's work remains untranslated and defends him against recent detractors, predicting his lasting legacy. He also mentions the recent vindication of Heuvelmans's ideas by the discovery of the pygmy elephant in the Congo.

Obituaries

Joan Amos (1921-2001)

This obituary, written by Jon Downes, remembers Joan Amos, a veteran British UFOlogist. Amos became interested in UFOlogy later in life after a hospital sighting. Her cottage became a meeting place for UFOlogists. Downes recalls her homespun wisdom and good humour, which helped him through difficult times. He also reveals that he promised Amos not to disclose certain information during her lifetime regarding her research into animal mutilations and abduction cases in the South West of England, the results of which were published in the 1997 CFZ Yearbook. Amos was later injured in an accident and became immobile.

Tove Jansson (1914-2001)

Ian Simmons writes about Tove Jansson, the creator of the Moomintrolls. Simmons recalls being captivated by 'The Finn Family Moomintroll' in primary school and shares his lifelong connection to Jansson's work, including visiting the Tove Jansson Museum in Tampere, Finland. He highlights Jansson's ability to incorporate complex emotions like fear and despair into her stories, making them resonate with children and adults. Jansson's work is described as unique and imaginative, with characters that grow and mature. The Moomintroll books, which ceased in 1970, are celebrated as a legacy that opens minds to the possibilities of imagination.

E.T. Hall (1923-2001)

This obituary details the life of E.T. Hall, an Oxford University professor who exposed the Piltdown Man hoax and worked on dating the Shroud of Turin. Hall directed the Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art at Oxford. His X-ray fluorescence techniques proved that the Piltdown Man bones were stained to appear fossilized, and he discovered evidence of filed orangutan teeth in the jawbone. The article notes that his XRF analysis was likely the first practical use of the technique for academic or commercial purposes.

Sir Fred Hoyle (1915-2001)

Chris Moiser writes about Sir Fred Hoyle, a prominent astrophysicist and cosmologist. Hoyle's early theories, including the 'steady state' universe, are discussed, as well as his work on Panspermia, the idea that life originated in space and was transported to Earth by comets and meteors. The article mentions his popular science series 'The Nature of the Universe' and his novels. Hoyle's ideas, though initially met with skepticism, gradually gained acceptance as scientific discoveries progressed. His work is credited with clarifying the theory of the Big Bang and exploring concepts like viral epidemics spreading through atmospheric transmission.

Congratulations

This section announces recent births and a marriage within the 'CFZ' community. Darren and Tony Naish welcomed their first child, Will Darren. Claudia Simmons, daughter of Ian and Rachel, was also born. The issue also notes the marriage of Nick Redfern to Dana.

Earliest Human Ancestor? Not Likely!

Dr. Lloyd Pye challenges the prevailing scientific narrative on human evolution, particularly the timeline for the emergence of bipedalism and the 'common ancestor' of apes and humans. He argues that the dating of new fossil discoveries, averaging 5.5 million years old, fits within the accepted window but is based on assumptions rather than provable calculations, particularly regarding mitochondrial DNA mutation rates and physical anthropology.

Pye critiques the 'dogma shuffle' in science, where conclusions become entrenched despite contradictory evidence. He discusses the traditional theory that climate change forced primates out of forests onto savannas, leading to bipedalism and increased hand dexterity. However, he points out inconsistencies, such as the discovery of 'Lucy' (Australopithecus afarensis), who was bipedal but had a chimpanzee-like brain, and the discovery of Ardipithecus ramidus and Australopithecus anamensis in forested environments, which contradicts the savanna hypothesis.

The article questions the logic of primates relinquishing physical strength for bipedality without an overwhelming environmental reason. It highlights that the Miocene epoch, spanning 20 million years, saw numerous ape species, most of which went extinct without global catastrophes. Pye suggests that some Miocene apes may have been bipedal much earlier than currently accepted, challenging the idea that bipedality was a singular evolutionary lynchpin for humanity. He posits that the current anthropological framework faces a 'quintessential dilemma' in explaining the discrepancy between the evidence and established theories.

The Skeleton in the Closet

This section continues the critique of human evolution theories. Pye argues that the discovery of fossils in forested environments, like Ardipithecus kadabba, contradicts the idea that prehumans evolved on savannas. He suggests that if primates evolved in forests, there would be no compelling reason to abandon arboreal life for bipedalism on the savanna. Pye proposes that the current understanding of human evolution is flawed and that anthropologists, acting as gatekeepers, are reluctant to accept alternative explanations that challenge Darwinian evolution.

Once Upon a Time

Pye discusses the Miocene epoch, noting the diversity of ape species that existed and their eventual extinction, leaving only six types. He questions the logical scenario of such a mass extinction without global catastrophes. He points out that much of our knowledge of Miocene apes comes from limited fossil evidence, such as jawbones and teeth. He challenges the classification of all Miocene apes as quadrupeds, suggesting that some may have been bipedal much earlier than currently believed, a notion that he anticipates will be met with strong resistance from anthropologists.

The Agony of the Feet

This section further explores the evolution of bipedalism. Pye suggests that as hands became specialized for tasks, they were no longer used for locomotion, leading to increased reliance on hind limbs. This, coupled with brain growth, is presented as a reciprocal spiral driving human evolution. He reiterates the problems posed by 'Lucy' and other fossil discoveries that do not fit the established narrative of brainpower increasing with bipedality and hand freedom. The discovery of Ardipithecus ramidus and Australopithecus anamensis, both bipedal and found in forested areas, further undermines the savanna hypothesis.

Twisted Knickers

Pye concludes by reiterating that there is no definitive way to prove all Miocene apes were quadrupeds. He asserts that it is possible some were bipedal as early as 20 million years ago, based on established facts and logic. He anticipates that this suggestion will be met with strong opposition from anthropologists, using the British idiom 'get their knickers in a twist' to describe their likely reaction.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue include the legacy of Bernard Heuvelmans and the field of cryptozoology, obituaries of notable scientists and forteans, and a critical examination of evolutionary biology and anthropology. The magazine appears to adopt a stance that challenges established scientific dogma, particularly in the fields of human evolution and the study of unknown animals, encouraging readers to question conventional narratives and consider alternative interpretations of evidence.

This issue of "Animals & Men" (Issue #25) delves into a variety of intriguing and often controversial topics, ranging from paleoanthropology and cryptozoology to folklore and biological warfare. The magazine challenges conventional scientific views and explores unexplained phenomena, presenting a blend of speculative theories and historical accounts.

Hominoids and the Miocene Ape Hypothesis

The lead article questions the established anthropological view of human evolution, particularly the lineage of species like kaddaba, ramidus, and Lucy. It posits that anthropologists are looking in the wrong direction by focusing solely on later hominids. Instead, the author suggests looking back to the Miocene epoch, proposing that Miocene apes are ideal candidates for the origin of various hominoids, including Bigfoot and Sasquatch. The article argues that the possibility of these creatures existing is more logical and probable than the current dogma that all Miocene apes were quadrupeds and many went extinct. It criticizes the scientific community for ignoring evidence that doesn't fit their established theories, suggesting that the public might be more open to these ideas than scientists believe.

A New Dolphin Hybrid

This section reports on a bizarre new kind of delphinid hybrid observed in the south-west Atlantic. Photographed in December 1998, the animal was seen associating with Dusky dolphins. It is described as being about 2.2 meters long, ventrally pure white, dorsally black, with black pectoral flippers and a small dorsal fin. The creature's appearance is noted as being reminiscent of Lissodelphis peronii but different in several features, also recalling Lagenorhynchus species. The most plausible conclusion presented is that it is a hybrid of Lissodelphis peronii and Lagenorhynchus obscurus, marking the first record of such a hybrid, though crosses between other delphinid species have been documented.

Local Leviathans: Monsters of the British Isles

This extensive section, authored by Neil Arnold, explores the rich folklore and historical accounts of mysterious creatures, particularly 'leviathans,' in the South-East of England, focusing on Kent, Sussex, and Essex. It examines peculiar carvings in ancient churches and cathedrals that depict creatures like dragons, winged beasts, and giant felines, suggesting these might be historical accounts rather than mere artistic interpretations or symbols of good versus evil.

The article traces legends of sea-serpents, dragons, and other serpentine creatures that were believed to inhabit rivers and coastal areas. It recounts specific incidents, such as a battle between two enormous reptilian creatures on the banks of the River Stour in 1449, and the appearance of a huge creature in Bures, Suffolk, in 1405. The author questions the lack of detail in many reports and whether these accounts represent real creatures, forgotten dinosaurs, or modern imaginations.

Further accounts include a 'dragon' in Fittleworth, Sussex, described as a large snake that emitted a terrifying hiss and stench, and a 'puck bird' that was considered an omen of doom. The text also touches upon the legend of the Loch Ness Monster and other aquatic anomalies, suggesting that many sightings might be misinterpretations of known animals or genuinely unknown species.

Recent sightings are also discussed, including a mysterious smooth-skinned monster in the River Darent in 2001, initially suspected to be a Wels catfish. The section also revisits the 'Water-horse' legend, with accounts of long-necked creatures sighted in the Thames Estuary and off the coast of Folkestone, comparing them to plesiosaurs and large seals.

Secret Archives: The Foot-and-Mouth Crisis

This article by Nick Redfern examines the 2001 foot-and-mouth disease outbreak in the UK through the lens of potential biological warfare. It references declassified US government documents from March 1947 to late 1948, which reveal concerns about a potentially hostile nation crippling the US food chain by deliberately infecting cattle herds with foot-and-mouth disease. The documents highlight the vulnerability of the US to such attacks and the potential for widespread psychological disturbances. They outline various methods for covert introduction of diseases, including water contamination, infected bait, and contamination of soil and veterinary equipment. The article notes the eerie parallels between the envisioned scenarios in 1948 and the actual events of the 2001 outbreak in the UK, such as a reduction in meat supply and disruption of the economic balance.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue revolve around challenging established scientific narratives, exploring the unknown, and examining historical accounts that fall outside mainstream acceptance. The magazine adopts a stance that encourages critical thinking and openness to alternative explanations for phenomena that are often dismissed or ignored by conventional science. There is a consistent thread of questioning authority and dogma, whether in anthropology, zoology, or government policy. The editorial approach seems to favor the presentation of anecdotal evidence, folklore, and speculative theories alongside more factual reporting, inviting the reader to consider possibilities beyond the commonly accepted.

Title: Animals & Men
Issue: #25
Date: June 13, 2001

This issue of Animals & Men delves into a variety of intriguing and often disturbing topics, ranging from potential biological warfare threats to cryptozoological mysteries and detailed book reviews.

US Biological Warfare Operations

The magazine opens with a stark examination of US biological warfare (BW) operations, presenting a formerly Top Secret US Government document. The document outlines the objectives of a research and development program in offensive special BW operations, including the creation of new agents, dissemination methods, and dosage estimations. Crucially, the conclusions of a committee report on the use of diseases as biological weapons highlight the vulnerability of the United States to such attacks and the lack of authorized defensive measures. The article suggests that the current foot-and-mouth crisis, while seemingly accidental, could be viewed through the lens of these potential threats, emphasizing that a country can be brought to its knees by means other than conventional warfare.

Dorset Horse Ripping

A significant portion of the issue is dedicated to a disturbing case of animal mutilation in Dorset, England, referred to as "Dorset Horse Ripping." The incident involved a new-born foal, intended as a gift for a four-year-old boy, which was taken from its mother and brutally slaughtered in a nearby field. The foal's stomach was ripped open, internal organs removed, and an ear was slashed off. The precision of the cuts suggests the work of a human perpetrator rather than another animal. The owner, Peggy Hughes, expressed shock and distress, describing the act as the work of someone "very sick in their mind." The incident is noted for its similarity to injuries first described in the USA over thirty years prior, lending it a fortean significance. A £3,000 reward was offered for information leading to an arrest.

Cryptozoology and Fortean Phenomena

The magazine features several articles and mentions related to cryptozoology and unexplained phenomena:

• Phelps Lake Fish: Charles Paxton identifies a fish from Phelps Lake, Saskatchewan, Canada, as a charr (Salvelinus sp.), noting its adipose fin and the white edges of its anal and pelvic fins, suggesting the genus Salvelinus.
• Lough Learne Wurrum: The issue revisits the legend of the Lough Learne Wurrum, linking it to historical figures like O'Donohue Mor and Patrick Kelly's 1981 photograph. The area is also associated with old copper mines and Rudolph Raspe, author of "The Surprising Adventures of Baron Munchausen."
• Morgawr and Megamouth Shark: An anniversary is noted for the photographing of Morgawr in the Helford and the first photographing of the Megamouth Shark on the same day in 1976.
• Loch Ness: Mike Grayson plans a visit to Loch Ness in May 2002, expressing interest in photographing "Nessie" and the "beastie of Loch Shiel."
• The Sasquatch Triangle Revisited: A review of Don Keating's self-published book details his investigations into Sasquatch from 1977 to 1992, focusing on eyewitness reports, footprints, and a controversial film allegedly showing a white Sasquatch.
• The Planet of the Sasquatch: A comic strip by Mark North depicts a future where Sasquatch rule North America and a child claims to have seen a human, with the implication that the sighting might be a hoax or a Sasquatch in costume.

Book Reviews

Several books are reviewed, offering insights into various subjects:

• The Last Tasmanian Tiger: The History and Extinction of the Thylacine by Robert Paddle: This book is praised as a comprehensive and well-researched work on the thylacine, challenging common narratives about its extinction and behavior, and suggesting it was a social animal that may have been tameable.
• The Monster of the Madidi: Searching for the Giant Ape of the Bolivian Jungle by Simon Chapman: The review describes this as a compelling account of an expedition into the Bolivian jungle to find a creature called the "Mono ray" or king monkey. The book details the challenges faced by the explorer, though he did not find the monster.
• Animal – The Definitive guide to the world's wildlife edited by David Burnie: This large, informative encyclopedia is recommended as an invaluable reference work for both zoologists and laymen, despite minor errors.
• The Butterflies of Hong Kong by M.J. Basscombe, G. Johnston, F.S. Bascombe: A brief mention suggests this book is for enthusiasts of butterflies and Hong Kong.
• The Sasquatch Triangle Revisited by Don Keating: Reviewed again, this book is noted for its focus on Sasquatch investigations in Ohio and its inclusion of early communications with John Green.
• Animal – The Definitive guide to the world's wildlife by David Burnie: This book is described as a sumptuous and informative guide to the planet's wildlife, suitable for a general audience.
• The Butterflies of Hong Kong by M.J. Basscombe, G. Johnston, F.S. Bascombe: This book is recommended for those interested in butterflies and Hong Kong.
• Encyclopaedia of Dinosaurs edited by Philip J. Currie and Kevin Padian: This academic work is lauded for its detailed entries by leading paleontologists, covering various aspects of dinosaur study.
• Newts and Salamanders of Europe by Richard A. Griffiths: This book is presented as a fascinating proto-cryptozoological text, opening up possibilities for creatures like the tatzelwurm.

Letters to the Editor

The "Letters to Yer Editor" section includes correspondence from readers:

• Tony "Doc" Shiels comments on the Phelps Lake fish, agreeing with the identification and offering further details.
• Jon expresses his enjoyment of the "Joy Division letters to the editor."
• Dave, Luton, also enjoyed the letters.
• Mike Grayson writes about his upcoming trip to Malaysia for research in traditional zoology, humorously requesting "telepathic communication with giant alien insects" and detailing his experiences with cryptozoology.

Editorial Comment

The "Editorial Comment" simply states: "Richard Shut Up," likely a playful jab at the frequent contributions of Richard Freeman to the book reviews section.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine consistently explores the intersection of the unexplained, cryptozoology, and fringe science with documented events and scientific inquiry. The editorial stance appears to be one of open-minded investigation, presenting information from various sources, including scientific reports, eyewitness accounts, and historical legends, while also critically reviewing relevant literature. There is a clear interest in challenging conventional explanations and exploring the boundaries of known zoology and history. The inclusion of both serious investigative pieces (like the BW report) and more speculative content (like Sasquatch sightings) reflects a broad definition of "Fortean" phenomena.