Cuadernos de Ufologia - 3a Epoca - No 34

Magazine Overview

This issue of "Anuario" from Fundación Anomalía, dated 2009 (Volume 34, 3rd Epoch), focuses on anomalous phenomena, with a prominent cover story titled "CONTACTO EN EL KAVANAGH" and a significant dossier on the "UMMO Affair." The magazine is published by Fundación Anomalía and is in Spanish.

Key Articles and Features

Contacto en el Kavanagh

The cover story highlights the Kavanagh building, likely referencing a UFO sighting or contact associated with it. Accompanying images show the building and a flying saucer, with a mention of Rio Janeiro, Brazil.

Dossier «ELLOS -Taxonomía»

This section delves into the classification and taxonomy of extraterrestrial beings, featuring an artistic representation of an "occupant" by Alexander Preuss. It also includes a "BREVE HISTORIA DEL ASUNTO UMMO" (Brief History of the UMMO Affair), detailing the origins and evolution of the UMMO phenomenon.

#### Breve Historia del Asunto UMMO

This extensive article, authored by José Juan Montejo, traces the history of the UMMO phenomenon, primarily in Spain. It begins by noting the first public mention of "UMMO" as a hypothetical planet in a Barcelona magazine in February 1966, linked to contactee Fernando Sesma. The article details the initial communications, the nature of the messages (including scientific, philosophical, and cultural information), and the various individuals and groups involved in receiving and disseminating these communications.

• Key points from the UMMO history include:
• Early Contacts: Fernando Sesma received the first "ummitas" communications, initially dismissing them as a prank. These included photographic evidence and announcements of landings.
• Key Figures: Besides Sesma, the article mentions numerous other individuals who received UMMO communications or were involved in research, such as Enrique Villagrasa, Dionisio Garrido, Alicia Araujo, Manuel Campo, Antonio Ribera, Rafael Farriols, and Enrique López Guerrero.
• Development of Groups: The article chronicles the formation of research groups, including the "Sociedad de Amigos" and later the "Erídani - Agrupación de Estudios Cosmológicos (A.E.C.)," which aimed to unify UFO research efforts.
• UMMO Themes: The UMMO communications covered a wide range of topics, including the nature of the UMMO civilization, their technology, philosophy, the concept of a "collective soul," and even predictions about potential nuclear threats.
• Challenges and Conflicts: The UMMO affair was marked by internal conflicts within research groups, suspicions of external surveillance (e.g., by the CIA), and differing opinions on the authenticity and interpretation of the UMMO messages.
• Evolution of the Phenomenon: The article notes the shift from technical and scientific reports to more personal "maintenance" letters and the eventual decline in direct UMMO communications, with a reactivation of interest in 1987.
• Publications: The article references various publications that covered the UMMO affair, including the magazine "Diez Minutos" and books by Antonio Ribera.

Other Content

The magazine also includes a section on "CÓMO PODEMOS AYUDAR" (How We Can Help), soliciting support for the Fundación Anomalía through donations and expertise. It lists various specialists needed, such as maquetación experts, web designers, and archivists, and encourages financial contributions.

There are also mentions of other topics like the "Viajero del alma: Emanuel Swedenborg," a "Catálogo de Abducciones atribuidas a OVNIs en Francia," and discussions on "Demonios medievales y alienígenas modernos."

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The overarching theme of this issue is the exploration of anomalous phenomena, with a particular emphasis on UFOs and extraterrestrial contact. The "Breve Historia del Asunto UMMO" suggests a detailed and historical approach to investigating such phenomena, presenting a chronological account of events, individuals, and the evolution of the UMMO case. The editorial stance appears to be one of serious investigation and documentation of these unexplained occurrences, encouraging research and support for organizations dedicated to this pursuit. The transition from Fundación Anomalía to Fundación Íkaros signifies a broader scope, aiming to encompass scientific, humanistic, and artistic dimensions of the unknown.

This issue of "Breve Historia del Asunto UMMO" (Brief History of the UMMO Affair), identified as issue number 92 and published by SEMANARIO, focuses on the UMMO phenomenon, detailing its history and key events from the 1970s and 1980s. The cover headline is "EL CASO UMMO" (The UMMO Case).

Chronological Account of UMMO Communications and Events

The article begins by detailing communications received in 1978, including a letter dated May 23, 1978, from Alicante, where 'ummitas' claimed to have been off-planet and returned, mentioning critical moments like the "mano cortada" (cut hand) incident and a 1973 nuclear alert. Another letter revealed the existence of two UMMO bases, one in Denmark and another in the Sierra Madrileña.

1980 saw a surge in interest in the UMMO topic, fueled by books and media coverage. A public meeting titled "Jornadas Conmemorativas y de Estudio del Planeta UMMO" (Commemorative and Study Days of Planet UMMO) was held in Alicante, attended by prominent researchers. During this period, some attendees were noted for their unusual behavior.

In April of the same year, Luis Jiménez Marhuenda received a letter from UMMO in Albacete, accompanied by a radioactive laminate, confirming the presence of two ummitas and expressing frustration with human behavior. Similar sentiments were expressed in another letter received by Jorge Barrenechea, which also offered condolences for the death of Jean Paul Sartre and a pessimistic outlook on humanity's future.

Communications ceased until 1983, with a maintenance letter in January 1981 addressing the risk of dogmatism. In 1983 and 1984, UMMO letters were received indirectly. One, dated February 27, 1983, from Kuala Lumpur, was delivered in person to P. Manuel Álvarez in Madrid, mentioning UMMO's control over postal and telephone communications of group members and predicting a bleak future.

In March 1984, Juan Aguirre received a UMMO letter with a Zimbabwe postmark, addressed to Rafael Farriols, reiterating the theme of telephone control and a strategy of discrediting opponents, concluding with a somber panorama of the socio-political situation and the risk of nuclear war.

Later in 1984, Juan Aguirre published "Los Escritos de UMMO" (The UMMO Writings), a compilation of UMMO reports, making them accessible to researchers.

From March 1987 onwards, a new phase of communications began, characterized by reports rather than letters, similar to the early period. These communications discussed collective consciousness, genetic mutations, and the arms race.

In March 1984, a second colloquium led to Juan Aguirre receiving another UMMO letter, this time addressed to Rafael Farriols, discussing group members' telephone control and a strategy of discrediting through evidence and counter-evidence.

In March 1987, four letters and two reports were received. The letters addressed intentions, offered condolences for deceased members, denounced fake letters, and discussed the exploitation of women. One letter announced a report on collective consciousness and detailed UMMO's involvement in the "mano cortada" case and efforts to recover a cromo-manganese instrument.

An announced report, addressed to Juan Domínguez, discussed the "buaue biaeii" or planetary collective soul, limit universes, and post-mortem experiences. A second report, received by Jorge Barrenechea, provided a synopsis of the "waam-waam" concept and the interaction between different cosmos.

In April and May, three new texts were received, addressed to Carmen Borrás, wife of Jorge Barrenechea. These discussed abortion, the prehistory and archaeological findings of UMMO, and the secular oppression of women.

In October 1987, a communication from the "mecanógrafo" (typist) was received, along with a transcription of a magnetic tape recording where 'ummitas' denied providing technical data for Juan Domínguez's television patent.

Two months later, a report was received concerning the repercussions in the "Pluricosmos" of violating natural and moral laws.

In January 1988, Jorge Barrenechea received a three-part report on "oemmiwoas" as cosmic avatars driving human evolution, comparing Ummowoa with Jesus Christ and confirming the authenticity of the Shroud of Turin. The same correspondent received another report detailing a plan for UMMO to seize power amidst a global threat of nuclear, plasma, or biotechnological warfare, and mentioning incidents in Australia and the US, as well as encounters with other alien civilizations.

During the following months, letters resumed. In February, Jorge Barrenechea received a letter defending Antonio Ribera and Fernando Sesma against plagiarism accusations. Another letter in English was sent to Juan Aguirre as a response to content published in a magazine.

In May, a brief communication about commercial contacts made by group members was received. In August, the focus shifted to the business nucleus, with thanks for publishing a vindication of Sesma and Ribera, criticism of injustices like Nelson Mandela's imprisonment, and acknowledgment of UMMO's intervention in the recovery of José Luis Jordán from an illness.

In the autumn of 1988, two unrelated events prompted reactions from the UMMO source. In September, an article in Cuadernos de Ufología suggested José Luis Jordán might be the creator of the Ummo affair. In October, international press reported that the Shroud of Turin was fabricated in the 14th century, which led to UMMO communications to Jorge Barrenechea.

In October and November 1988, a collective letter signed by several group members denied the extraterrestrial origin of the UMMO theme. A colloquium on the Shroud of Turin was preceded by letters denouncing a fraud and providing instructions for the event.

On November 20, 1988, two letters were read at the colloquium. One, received by Julio César Iglesias, presented the theory of "oemmiwoas" and lamented that the deception regarding the Shroud of Turin had deprived humanity of proof of the "Ummowoa" terrestrial. The other was an extensive report explaining the deception, acknowledging the Shroud of Turin was false but that a true one existed until 1929. It detailed how the Vatican allegedly replaced it with a careful reproduction made from 13th-century fabric.

Case Type I in Fraudalejos de Albarracín (Teruel)

This section details a specific UFO sighting that occurred in June 1975 in Fraudalejos de Albarracín, Teruel. Remigio Hernández and his son Bartolo witnessed an object described as a "platillo" (saucer) descending into a nearby orchard. The object had tubes emitting flames, and after it departed, a patch of scorched grass remained. The incident was later popularized by a song from the local music group "La Charanga del Tío Honorio."

The article presents four possible explanations for the event: extraterrestrial origin, confusion with a VTOL aircraft, a hoax by locals to promote tourism, or a fabrication by the investigators themselves.

The Rock Rural Movement

The article also discusses the "rock rural" music genre in Spain during the 1970s, highlighting "La Charanga del Tío Honorio" as a prime exponent. Their song "El ONI" (The ONI), which is the subject of the article, is discussed in the context of the UFO phenomenon's popularity at the time, with media coverage of sightings, particularly those involving rural witnesses.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes throughout this historical account are the persistent communications from the UMMO entities, the efforts of various investigators to document and understand these communications, and the impact of the UMMO phenomenon on ufology and popular culture. The editorial stance appears to be one of detailed historical reporting, presenting the events and communications as they were received and interpreted by those involved, while also acknowledging controversies and potential hoaxes within the UMMO affair.

This issue of 'Contacto en el Kavanagh' by Alejandro C. Agostinelli delves into a significant historical UFO case in Argentina, focusing on the events surrounding the Kavanagh Building in Buenos Aires. The article explores the intersection of ufology, spiritism, and historical context in the 1950s.

The Kavanagh Encounter

The central narrative revolves around the predicted encounter with an extraterrestrial craft on September 6, 1954, at the Kavanagh Building. The author recounts his attempt to access the building's terrace, highlighting the security measures in place and the building's historical significance. He contrasts the modern security with the past, when the rooftop was reputedly used by individuals seeking notoriety or escape.

The story is framed by the book "Los Platos Voladores. Origen, Estructura y Destino de los Platos Voladores," authored by the Duclout brothers. The book, first published in 1952, details a prophecy from a 'telepath from Ganymede' announcing a visitation within two years. The Duclout brothers claimed to have witnessed a craft from the Kavanagh building themselves.

Jorge Duclout is presented as a pioneer of scientific dissemination in Argentina and the first contactee in South America, allegedly communicating with a spirit related to Ganymede. The author's attempt to gain access to the Kavanagh terrace is met with resistance from building security, who are unpersuaded by his explanation that he is carrying only a book on UFOs.

The 'Engineer' and Spiritist Origins

The article traces the origins of the Duclout brothers' involvement with spiritism back to 1932. They were guided by a medium channeling a spirit named 'Don Juan,' who later introduced them to 'the Engineer.' This entity purportedly revealed advanced scientific concepts, including 'Spirotronics,' a technology for instantaneous communication and spiritual travel.

The Duclout brothers, along with a group of spiritualists, conducted sessions using an audio recorder to document their interactions with 'the Engineer.' They sought to validate their experiences and distinguish them from collective suggestion. The 'Engineer' revealed that flying saucers traveled at immense speeds, utilizing electromagnetic fields to overcome gravity, and could traverse the distance between Jupiter and Earth in under a year. The spirit also claimed that the flying saucers originated from Ganymede and tasked the Duclouts with writing a book to share this information.

To lend credibility to their claims, the 'Engineer' referenced Jonathan Swift's 'Gulliver's Travels,' suggesting that Swift had precognitively described Mars's moons. The Duclouts were advised to present their findings as a novel rather than scientific fact to avoid immediate scientific scrutiny, but they chose to present 'Los Platos Voladores' as factual accounts.

Details of the Contact and the Book

The spirit 'Engineer' provided details about Ganymede, describing its inhabitants as thirty-centimeter-tall beings with large brains, living for two hundred years, and perceiving the world in infrared. Their cities were subterranean, extending thirty kilometers deep. They had a government of twelve presidents and communal dining halls. They sought uranium on Mars and the Moon for their power plants, and their primary transport involved elevators capable of carrying a thousand passengers.

The dialogues with the 'Engineer' were recorded on nine reels of magnetic tape, representing the only material evidence of this 'fantastic experiment.' The fate of these recordings is uncertain, with speculation that they may have been lost due to the group's paranoia.

The Kavanagh Appointment

During a session on September 6, 1952, the 'Engineer' instructed the group to focus on a photograph of a flying saucer taken by Brazilian photographer Ed Keffel in Barra da Tijuca. The 'Engineer' suggested that by concentrating on the image, they could mentally enter the craft. It was later revealed that the Keffel photos were fraudulent, and the group might have been visualizing a model.

The Identity of 'The Engineer'

It is revealed that 'the Engineer' was, in fact, Jorge Duclout, the father of Jorge Alberto, Napy, and Georgina Duclout. Pablo Kittl Duclout, the grandnephew, confirmed this, stating that when his uncle Jorge was in trance, he spoke with his grandfather's voice. Jorge Duclout Sr. had moved to Argentina in 1886 and was involved in scientific and intellectual circles.

Pablo Kittl recalls that his grandmother, Valentina Brun, was wary of spiritism, viewing it as demonic, possibly due to her strict Catholic upbringing. He notes that his uncle Jorge experienced headaches after trance sessions, requiring him to rest in darkness. Kittl defends his uncle's actions as altruistic, contrasting them with those who exploit spiritism for personal gain.

The Duclout Brothers' Background

The article details the lives and achievements of the Duclout brothers. Jorge Alberto Duclout was a writer, inventor, and editor, known for his expertise in various scientific fields and his pioneering work in radio and television. He also had a career in filmmaking.

Napoleón Luis Duclout (Napy) was a writer, screenwriter, and film director, credited with directing Argentina's first 3D film. Both brothers were deeply interested in science and technology, influenced by their father, an engineer who was a pioneer in electromagnetism and aviation. They also experimented with radio transmission and were involved in founding the Albatros Gliding Club.

Tragically, both brothers died relatively young due to health issues attributed to prolonged exposure to X-rays from large lamps they used during their experiments. Jorge died at 56, and Napy at 53.

The 1954 Event and Astronomical Context

The article revisits the events of September 6, 1954, noting that the Duclout brothers dedicated twenty-four pages in their book to documenting the incident. Witnesses reported seeing a large, luminous sphere that moved erratically before disappearing over the Río de la Plata. The sound of a soft blowing, like air escaping a valve, was also reported.

Astronomical data for the night of September 6, 1954, is provided by Richard Branham, who noted that the Moon was 60% illuminated and Mars was highly visible. Manuel Borraz Aymerich suggests that the confusion might have arisen from misidentifying celestial bodies like the Moon and Mars, or possibly from aircraft. However, the Duclout brothers' account, presented as a punctual fulfillment of a spiritualist prediction, was seen by some as evidence of a planned event.

Media Coverage and Interpretations

The incident garnered significant media attention, with reports in Argentine newspapers like La Razón and Crítica, and coverage by the Brazilian magazine O Cruzeiro and the French magazine Radar. The article mentions that João Martins of O Cruzeiro revealed that 'Alberto,' the medium, was actually Jorge Alberto Duclout, the elder brother.

Martins reported that Jorge Duclout, in trance, had predicted the event and advised witnesses to bring compasses. The article notes that the Duclout brothers celebrated the 'successful' sighting in later editions of their book, including press coverage and witness testimonies.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The issue consistently explores the theme of contact with extraterrestrial intelligence, intertwined with the practice and beliefs of spiritism. It highlights how spiritualist beliefs provided a framework for interpreting unexplained phenomena in the mid-20th century. The author presents the historical context, the individuals involved, and the evidence (or lack thereof) with a tone that is investigative rather than definitively declarative, allowing readers to draw their own conclusions about the veracity of the claims. The narrative emphasizes the blend of scientific curiosity, spiritual exploration, and media sensationalism that characterized early ufology.

This issue of "Sociología marciana: una lectura social del fenómeno OVNI" (Martian Sociology: A Social Reading of the UFO Phenomenon) delves into the social and cultural dimensions of the UFO phenomenon. Authored by Luis Pablo Francescutti, it explores how the concept of Unidentified Flying Objects (UFOs) has been interpreted and integrated into societal discourse, particularly in the context of post-World War II anxieties and the rise of scientific and technological advancements.

Presentation

The article begins by situating the UFO phenomenon, noting its surge in popularity after 1947, following Kenneth Arnold's sighting. It highlights the dramatic increase in reported sightings, especially after the launch of Sputnik I, and the global spread of the phenomenon, particularly its association with the extraterrestrial hypothesis. The author points out that over half a century later, the lack of conclusive material evidence has reduced the UFO phenomenon to a body of discourse, termed 'ufology,' which assumes these objects are vehicles from other planets. By 1969, this corpus comprised nearly 2,600 books and articles, predominantly published in the United States.

Roland Barthes' interpretation of ufology as a product of the Cold War, a collective dream born from anxiety over nuclear arms, is presented. Barthes viewed UFOs as a modern myth, with aliens serving as quasi-religious messengers offering cosmic harmony and urging world leaders to abandon suicidal attitudes. However, the author argues that this interpretation is unilateral, acknowledging the role of nuclear fear but asserting that ufology is not solely an emanation of it, thus aiming to uncover other facets through a reinterpretation of UFO discourse.

The Ufological Discourse

In the years following the 1947 sighting, the American public initially considered the possibility of Soviet secret weapons. This was soon discarded, and by 1950, Major Donald Keyhoe popularized the extraterrestrial hypothesis. Keyhoe also linked UFOs to nuclear energy developments and accused the Air Force of concealing information. In 1952, George Adamski's testimony introduced the idea of landings and extraterrestrial encounters. Later, abductions became a common theme, notably with Whitley Striber's 1987 book 'Communion.' The article notes that within five years of the 1947 event, ufological discourse had largely solidified its dominant characteristics.

These characteristics include: adherence to the thesis of the plurality of worlds, suggesting inhabited planets beyond Earth; an evolutionary paradigm applied to extraterrestrial life, viewing planets as stages in evolutionary time; apprehension about the risks posed by scientific and technological development, particularly nuclear weapons and ecological threats; and a conspiratorial view of history, positing a conflict between a scientific-political-military establishment hiding UFOs and an alliance of aliens and 'contactees' seeking to reveal the truth.

The Controversy

The surge in UFO sightings in the 1950s and the widespread dissemination of ufological discourse generated significant controversy involving ufologists, the military, the government, and scientists. The US Air Force conducted three investigations: Project Sign (1948), Project Grudge (1950-52), and Project Blue Book (1952-1969). These projects, respectively, dismissed Soviet origin, attributed sightings to natural phenomena or misperceptions, and ultimately rejected the extraterrestrial hypothesis. Ufologists viewed the latter project as central to a conspiracy, accusing its promoters of withholding favorable information. These accusations led to US Congressional sessions in 1966 and 1968, which did not confirm the claims. Jimmy Carter's electoral promise to declassify UFO files and a discussion in the British House of Lords in 1979 also highlighted the public interest.

The debate primarily involved pilots and scientists on both sides, with official experts like Harvard astronomer Donald Menzel seeking to keep the discussion within scientific bounds and discredit ufologists as 'irrational' and 'charlatans.' Ufologists, in turn, denounced the 'obscurantism' of an elitist establishment, seeing themselves as champions of scientific truth suppressed by corporate interests. Allen Hynek was even compared to Galileo, a pioneer of science confronting established dogma.

The Scientific Community's Reaction

The scientific community's defensive reaction stemmed from a sense of insecurity, despite its growing power. The imposition of 'atomic secrecy' by the US government curtailed the independence of scientists, particularly nuclear physicists. This secrecy, driven by strategic motives, obstructed the free circulation of ideas, leading to the purging of dissenting figures like Robert A. Oppenheimer. The public's distrust of scientists was fueled by the perception of science as an esoteric domain accessible only to a few, and by fears of scientists acting as potential traitors who might share strategic knowledge with adversaries. The conflict between science and faith, particularly concerning creationism, also contributed to this distrust, creating a fertile ground for the UFO controversy.

Science Takes the Reins

In the 1960s, some scientists began to seriously consider the extraterrestrial hypothesis. NASA's exploration goals included investigating the possibility of life, and astrophysicists Giuseppe Cocconi and Philip Morrison explored communication methods with extraterrestrials. Frank Drake formulated the hypothesis that extraterrestrial civilizations numbered in the tens of thousands, leading to Project Ozma, aimed at searching for alien signals. In 1969, at Carl Sagan's instigation, the AAAS dedicated a session to the UFO phenomenon, effectively closing the door on the alien origin hypothesis from a scientific protocol standpoint. Scientists, led by Sagan, then shifted their focus to the search for extraterrestrial life through initiatives like the Pioneer X probe's message to aliens and the SETI program.

Official experts began to embrace the extraterrestrial hypothesis, sharing the belief in the plurality of worlds and an evolutionary perspective on life. They also exhibited a detachment from the risks associated with scientific-technical development, trusting in humanity's ability to solve problems. This marked a shift from ufology's passive waiting for salvation from space to science's active pursuit of the new frontier. The scientific community's legitimacy transcended national boundaries, as evidenced by a 1971 conference on the search for extraterrestrial intelligence involving US and Soviet academies.

The Ufology, Branch of the New Age

By the 1970s, science had solidified its dominance in the UFO topic, leading to a weakening of the extraterrestrial hypothesis. Data from the Viking Mars missions and Venus exploration did not yield evidence of life. SETI failed to detect any intelligent signals. The end of the Cold War saw the declassification of government archives, which, contrary to ufologists' claims, revealed that alleged UFO sightings were often clandestine spy plane flights. The Blue Book project was admitted to have produced 'false and misleading public statements' to quell public fear and protect national security projects. Alleged alien bodies were revealed to be mannequins used in secret aviation experiments.

This panorama, coupled with the decline of the nuclear threat as a primary stimulus, led ufology to adopt more transcendental positions. The material catastrophism of the 1950s evolved into a notion of spiritual, cataclysmic change, 'consciousness mutations,' and 'new thresholds for the species.' Ufology's discourse became integrated into the New Age movement, a blend of nature revivalism, orientalism, and parapsychology.

Abductions became a typical element of ufology during this phase, often involving narratives of imminent change for humanity or medical procedures performed by aliens, reflecting fears of scientific manipulation and concerns about war and ecological disasters.

Conclusion

The article concludes by summarizing the significance of the UFO phenomenon. Firstly, it served as a cognitive reaction to the societal impact of the scientific-technological revolution initiated by World War II, particularly the colonization of the sky by extraordinary apparatuses, filling a symbolic void left by secularization. Secondly, ufology highlighted societal perceptions of the scientific establishment, challenging its hegemony and foreshadowing later social movements that act as 'early warners' about technological risks. Thirdly, it demonstrated the interaction between social movements and institutions legitimized to produce scientific knowledge, showing how concepts from astronomy were popularized with catastrophic warnings, and how ufology legitimized the hypothesis of extraterrestrial life, a concept later adopted by official science. The author suggests that the convergence of ufology and scientific discourse on the existence of extraterrestrial life, though seemingly weak, reveals a shared paradigm that bridges science and parapsychology, challenging the strict separation between them.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes include the social construction of belief, the influence of media and cultural anxieties on interpreting phenomena, the tension between scientific authority and popular knowledge, the role of fear (particularly nuclear fear) in shaping discourse, and the intersection of science, religion, and esotericism. The editorial stance appears to be analytical and critical, aiming to deconstruct the UFO phenomenon not as a literal account of extraterrestrial visitation, but as a complex social and cultural construct reflecting broader societal concerns and transformations.

References

The issue includes an extensive bibliography citing numerous works on ufology, science fiction, sociology, and the history of science, including works by Barthes, Sagan, Klass, and others. A footnote indicates that the article originally appeared in "Las astucias de la identidad. Figuras, territorios y estrategias de lo social contemporáneo."

This issue of "El viajero del alma" (The Soul Traveler) focuses on Emanuel Swedenborg, a Swedish philosopher, theologian, and mystic, exploring his life, ideas, and alleged spiritual experiences. The magazine also features a catalog of alleged UFO abductions in France.

Emanuel Swedenborg: The Mystic and Philosopher

The article begins by introducing Emanuel Swedenborg's anthropological view of the divine, emphasizing the collective individuality of people united by love and conscious will. It delves into his concept of the afterlife, where individuals are not judged by an external entity but naturally find themselves in environments that reflect their internal state, or 'rule of love.' Those dominated by envy and avarice would seek infernal realms, while those guided by love would find celestial ones. This perspective is contrasted with institutionalized religions, suggesting an individual's spiritual state determines their post-mortem experience.

Swedenborg's views extended beyond the afterlife to contemporary events. He believed that biblical prophecies concerning the Last Judgment and the Second Coming had been fulfilled in his time, interpreting traditional concepts through his spiritual experiences. The year 1757 marked the end of the 'old' Christianity, and the Second Coming heralded a new era and the establishment of a new spiritual church in 1770. However, Swedenborg did not seek to found a new organization, hoping instead for a spiritual freedom that would oppose traditional Christian dogmatism, a sentiment compared to Aquarian religious perceptions.

A significant aspect of Swedenborg's work is his use of sacred hermeneutics to access hidden meanings, particularly in the Bible. Motivated by a rationalist's integrity and skepticism towards divine inspiration, Swedenborg concluded that the Bible lacked literal meaning. His solution was to treat it as a coded text, where each word held a different significance, a key revealed to him by heaven. This approach allowed him to acknowledge the validity of critics' points while simultaneously ignoring their implications, relying on immediate, unquestionable revelation.

The magazine notes that the idea of finding hidden codes in the Bible is ancient, with modern examples like Michael Drosdin's 'The Hidden Code of the Bible.' Swedenborg's method is compared to similar strategies in the New Age movement, where personal experience is often overvalued.

Swedenborg's Encounters and Views on Other Worlds

Swedenborg's spiritual journeys extended to observations of inhabitants on other planets within our solar system, though he did not describe those beyond Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. These beings were described as human-like, with variations in physical form and characteristics. The article suggests that the 20th century saw a resurgence of such 'contact' experiences, aligning with ufological-religious beliefs.

Rationalist and Neoromantic Vision of Swedenborg

From a historical perspective, Swedenborg was largely overlooked by the rise of rationalism and empiricism in the 19th century. However, his work experienced a revival in the latter half of the 20th century, coinciding with a resurgence of magical thinking. Hanegraaff suggests a compatibility between Swedenborg's esoteric and romantic doctrines and Mesmer's theories on vital forces.

Immanuel Kant, in his critique of Swedenborg's 'Arcana Caelestia,' dismissed the work as nonsensical, stating it offered only a negative lesson about misguided paths. Kant attributed Swedenborg's visions to human hope for survival after death and predicted that such 'supernatural' beliefs would persist despite rational efforts to debunk them, citing examples like dowsing and astrology.

Lachman, however, offers a more empathetic view, tracing occult ideas in Western literature back to Swedenborg. He highlights Swedenborg's insights into the connection between breathing and concentration, and between lungs and brain, anticipating modern medical science and holistic therapies like Rebirthing.

Lachman's portrayal is critiqued for overlooking Swedenborg's extraterrestrial visions, which were dismissed when scientific exploration revealed the Moon and planets to be uninhabited. The article notes that later followers of Swedenborg, the 'contactees,' have increasingly relegated these beings to ethereal planes as scientific evidence contradicted their existence on physical planets.

Catalog of UFO Abductions Attributed to OVNIs in France

The latter part of the magazine is dedicated to a catalog of alleged UFO abduction cases in France, meticulously documented with dates, locations, witness accounts, and sources. These cases span from the late 1980s to the late 1990s and involve a variety of phenomena:

• 1989, Nevers: The G family reported seeing a luminous object, mist, and an approaching object, followed by inexplicable tracks (circles) in a meadow.
• 1990, Aix-en-Provence: A translator reported a scar similar to one previously seen, suggesting an implant.
• 1990, near Vence: A pastor discovered photos of a luminous sphere without memory of taking them.
• 1993, N/A: A woman experienced a luminous light and a sensation of being pulled from her bed.
• 1995, Bretagne: A couple with ufological interests reported an abduction experience involving a luminous object and examination.
• 1995/1996, Cahors: A case involving an abduction product with high aluminum content was mentioned.
• 1996, N/A: A woman reported seeing a luminous robot and a visitor passing through a door.
• 1997, N/A: A case involving a green mist and a force pulling someone from bed.
• 1997, Viry-Châtillon: A person heard a noise and experienced a green mist, feeling a force trying to pull them from bed.
• 1997, near Provins: Two individuals witnessed a triangular spacecraft descend and their vehicle was moved.
• 1997, Chantepie: An agriculturalist reported seeing a luminous object, experiencing paralysis, and a time lapse.
• 1997, Lyon region: An agent reported seeing stars and being taken by extraterrestrials for examination.
• 1997, near Annecy: A family reported an abduction experience involving a luminous object and examination.
• 1997, Bretagne: A couple reported an abduction experience involving a luminous object and examination.
• 1997, Haravilliers: A hunter reported seeing a large disc-shaped object and experiencing a time lapse and mental confusion.
• 1997, Fontenay-Trésigny: A woman reported observing luminous lights and later experiencing an abduction with implantation.
• 1998, Le Ruel, Haravilliers: A hunter reported seeing a large disc-shaped object and experiencing a time lapse and mental confusion.

The catalog also includes detailed accounts of physical marks, implants, and psychological effects reported by abductees. The authors often provide critical assessments of the cases, noting potential for misinterpretation, psychological factors, or even hoaxes, while acknowledging the conviction of the witnesses.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The issue consistently explores the intersection of spirituality, mysticism, and unexplained phenomena. It presents Swedenborg as a pivotal figure whose spiritual insights prefigure modern esoteric beliefs and UFO encounters. The editorial stance appears to be one of open inquiry, presenting both Swedenborg's complex theological and spiritual ideas and a detailed catalog of alleged UFO abduction cases. While acknowledging rational critiques (like Kant's) and potential for misinterpretation or psychological influence, the magazine gives significant space to witness testimonies and investigative efforts within the ufology community. The recurring theme is the human search for meaning beyond the mundane, whether through spiritual revelation or encounters with the unknown, suggesting a continuity in the human fascination with the transcendent and the extraterrestrial.

This issue of "Catálogo de abducciones atribuidas a OVNIs en Francia" is a comprehensive catalog of UFO sightings and abduction cases, primarily focusing on incidents in France. Authored by Claude Maugé, it meticulously documents a vast number of encounters, providing detailed accounts, witness testimonies, and attempts at classification and statistical analysis of the phenomena. The publication spans a significant period, from the early days of modern UFOlogy in 1947 through to the turn of the millennium.

Case Studies and Witness Testimonies

The catalog is structured as a chronological listing of cases, each with specific details. Several prominent cases are highlighted:

• The Deforge/Vallée Investigations: The magazine details investigations led by Gérard Deforge and Jacques Vallée, including the testimony of a witness named D, who reported a foul odor inside a UFO and experienced psychological effects like personality changes and intrusive thoughts. Another witness, K., described hearing an "air noise" and seeing "drops of light" from the UFO.
• The "D" Case: This witness reported experiencing physical symptoms such as irritated eyes and a brown spot on his cheek following an encounter. He also described a recurring "face" that imposed itself on him and believed he may have had a micro-chip implanted. Later, he expelled a "germ-like substance" from a boil, after which the intrusive thoughts diminished.
• Bernard Bidault Case (S145.T): In 2000, Bernard Bidault and his wife experienced a temporal distortion near Melun, France, where their car was followed by three MIBs (Men in Black) who warned Bidault to stop writing his book on mysterious disappearances.
• Early UFO Sightings (1947): The publication references the Kenneth Arnold sighting in 1947, which popularized the term "flying saucers." It also mentions early reports from Webster, Massachusetts, and Tacoma, Washington, describing unusual objects and small figures.
• Brazilian Contact Case (1947): The story of José C. Higgins in Brazil is recounted, detailing an encounter with tall, bald beings with large heads emerging from a flying saucer.
• The "Great Martian Panic" (1954): This period in France and Italy saw a surge in reports of UFO occupants, marking a turning point in European ufology.
• Early Abduction Case (1921): A case from Marseille, France, involving a child who was taken aboard a craft by two beings in suits is presented as one of the earliest known abduction accounts.

Classification and Typologies

The magazine delves into the attempts to classify UFO occupants and encounters. It references early statistical studies, such as Michel Carrouges' analysis of 53 landing cases, which identified a triple duality in pilot descriptions: small vs. human-sized, "spacesuits" vs. ordinary clothing, and incomprehensible vs. terrestrial languages.

Jacques Vallée's "A Descriptive Study of the Entities associated with Type I Sightings" is also discussed, which compiled 80 sightings and categorized 153 entities, noting a preponderance of small beings.

The concept of "Humanoids" as a descriptor for UFO occupants, popularized by the FSR in 1966, is mentioned. The publication also touches upon the idea of extraterrestrial life evolving and visiting Earth, influenced by spiritualist movements and theories of cosmic evolution.

Theoretical Considerations

The issue explores the theoretical underpinnings of the extraterrestrial hypothesis (HET). It discusses the growing acceptance of the possibility of extraterrestrial life within the scientific community following World War II, referencing the Drake Equation and early estimations of communicating civilizations in the galaxy. The debate around the nature of these intelligences, whether they are purely non-human or possess human-like characteristics, is also touched upon, citing the work of researchers like Frank Salisbury and the implications of the Antonio Vilas Boas case.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue include the detailed cataloging of UFO sightings and abductions, the classification of alien entities, and the historical development of ufological research. The editorial stance appears to be one of serious documentation and analysis of witness accounts, presenting a wide range of cases and theories within the field of ufology. The publication aims to provide a comprehensive resource for understanding the phenomenon of UFOs and alleged extraterrestrial encounters, particularly within the French context.

This document, titled "Ellos: Taxonomía y filogenia de los visitantes" (They: Taxonomy and Phylogeny of Visitors), is a detailed exploration of the classification and study of alleged extraterrestrial beings encountered in UFO phenomena. Authored by Luis R. González, it delves into the history of attempts to categorize these entities based on their physical characteristics, behavior, and alleged origins, drawing heavily on research and publications from the 1970s and 1980s.

Historical Context and Early Classifications

The article begins by referencing early scientific debates about the possibility of humanoid life beyond Earth, citing figures like George Gaylor Simpson. It then moves into the burgeoning field of ufology, noting early attempts to create 'robot portraits' of alien occupants, which were categorized based on morphology and behavior, such as 'dwarf-like beings with helmets' and 'caucasian-like beings in one-piece suits' often associated with 'Men in Black' (MIBs).

It highlights the work of researchers like P.M.H. Edwards, who studied 'alien languages,' and Geneviève Vanquelef, who based her classification on Jacques Vallée's catalog, categorizing occupants as 'humans, intermediaries,' 'small ones, technicians,' 'large ones, observers,' and 'strange ones, generally passive.' The text also mentions the comic book 'Ceux Venus d'Ailleurs' by Lob and Gigi, which presented 12 portraits of humanoids described in classic cases.

Morphological and Behavioral Studies

The article details various studies attempting to classify humanoids. Otto Binder's 'Occam's Razor' approach suggested extraterrestrial origins due to the diversity of descriptions. James M. McCampbell's book 'Ufology' analyzed occupant behavior, noting classifications by size, with small beings (around one meter) being common, often described with large, bald heads and prominent eyes. The text points out the similarity of these descriptions to Adamski's 'Venusians' from 1952.

Pierre Delval, director of the bulletin 'Ouranos,' classified extraterrestrials into four categories: dwarf humanoids, Mongolian humanoids, clawed humanoids, and flying humanoids. The article also discusses studies from different countries, including Spain, Brazil, Argentina, Australia, and Canada, each offering their own typologies and statistical analyses of sightings.

Key Researchers and Their Contributions

Several researchers and their works are prominently featured:

• Jacques Vallée: His catalog of landing cases and later works like 'Pasaporte a Magonia' and 'Secuestrados por extraterrestres' are referenced for their attempts to classify and analyze UFO phenomena.
• Jader U. Pereira: His taxonomic study from 1970 is noted as a significant work in French ufology.
• Geneviève Vanquelef: Analyzed UFO occupants and their behavior in articles for 'Lumières Dans La Nuit' (LDLN).
• James M. McCampbell: His book 'Ufology' (1976) focused on occupant behavior and classification by size.
• Pierre Delval: His book 'El gran libro de los OVNI' (1977) offered a four-category classification of extraterrestrials.
• Roberto E. Banchs: Conducted studies on Argentine humanoids, including negative cases (those with conventional explanations).
• Keith Basterfield: Analyzed 67 cases in Australasia, emphasizing data depuration and proposing psychological explanations like hypnopompic and hypnagogic visions.
• Mark Moravec: Compiled the 'The UFO-Anthropoid Catalogue,' documenting cases of beings associated with UFOs.
• Ted Bloecher and David Webb: Organized the 'Humanoid Study Group' (HSG) and compiled extensive databases of humanoid reports, leading to classifications based on the association between the entity and the UFO (Types A-G).
• Paolo Toselli: Studied the 'armament' of humanoids, categorizing cases based on the use of objects by the entities.
• Ahmad Jamaludin: Proposed a classification of alien intelligence levels.
• Eric Zurcher: Authored 'Les apparitions d'humanoides,' a significant work on the topic.
• Brad Steiger: Published 'Gods of Aquarius: UFOs and the Transformation of Man,' which touched upon the cultural background of iconography.

The Rise of Abductions and New Research Trends

The article notes a shift in research focus towards abductions starting around 1975. It describes the initial diversity in descriptions of abductors, ranging from dwarfs to reptiloids, and the eventual standardization into the 'Gray' stereotype. The text also mentions the formation of groups like the 'Australian Entity Study Group' and the 'European Working Team' dedicated to cataloging and analyzing these phenomena.

Specific Case Studies and Observations

Several specific cases and observations are highlighted:

• A 1955 newspaper clipping from the Waco Tribune Herald about 'Clawed Humanoids.'
• An observation from Lago Argentino, Argentina, in 1950, of beings seen through a UFO's dome.
• A photograph of a humanoid taken in Falkville, Alabama, in 1973, during a significant wave of sightings.
• An observation from Pontejos, Cantabria, in 1969, of an entity inside a UFO.
• The Pascagoula abduction case in Mississippi (1973), where a couple reported being examined by 'gray mummies.'

Methodological Challenges and Criticisms

The article frequently discusses the challenges in classifying UFO occupants, including the subjective nature of witness testimony, the risk of misinterpretation, and the difficulty in distinguishing between genuine encounters and psychological phenomena or hoaxes. It points out the tendency for researchers to impose their own frameworks onto the data, sometimes leading to arbitrary classifications.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring theme throughout the document is the persistent effort to understand and classify the diverse entities reported in UFO phenomena. The editorial stance appears to be one of critical analysis, acknowledging the vast amount of data but also highlighting the methodological difficulties and the need for rigorous depuration of cases. The article emphasizes the evolution of research from simple descriptions to more complex statistical and sociological analyses, while also noting the ongoing debate about the nature and origin of these alleged visitors. The shift towards studying abductions and the potential for psychological explanations are also significant points of discussion, reflecting the changing landscape of UFO research.

This issue of "Ellos: Taxonomía y filogenia de los visitantes" (Them: Taxonomy and Phylogeny of Visitors) delves into the complex and often contradictory world of classifying alleged alien beings encountered by humans. The publication, authored primarily by Luis R. González, explores various taxonomic systems and statistical analyses of abduction and encounter cases, drawing from a wide range of research and literature.

Classifying Occupants: Early Attempts and Bullard's Thesis

The article begins by presenting a classification of occupants attributed to Hal Crawford's drawings, including "Alfa" (small Grises), "Beta" (Nordics, dark-skinned Orientals, and "Women of the Virgin Mary"), "Gamma" (ape-like entities), and "Delta" (shape-shifters). A central thesis presented is that these are not extraterrestrials but manifestations of an "Intelligence" that shares our planet and guides human development towards a new "Aquarian Age."

Statistical Studies on Abductions

Thomas Bullard's comprehensive study, "UFO Abductions: the measure of a mystery" (1987), is highlighted. This work analyzed over 300 incidents, focusing on 144 strict abductions. Bullard's sensational finding was a coherent order of eight scene types in abductions: capture, examination, conversation, ship tour, journey to another world, theophany, return, and aftermath. The article also notes Bullard's statistical findings on the morphological and etiological aspects of the "model alien," predominantly the "Grises," with specific point allocations for features like head size, eye size, and skin color. However, it's pointed out that only a small percentage of described beings met Bullard's criteria for the "ideal" alien, and he later acknowledged "national versions" with taller, human-like beings in South America and Europe, contrasting with the shorter humanoids prevalent in the United States.

The Influence of "Communion" and Diverse Morphologies

The publication of Whitley Strieber's "Communion" in 1987 is discussed as a significant event that popularized the "Grises" image. The article notes how the human imagination and witness accounts led to a proliferation of new morphologies. Linda M. Howe's "Glimpses of Other Realities" (1993) is cited for its illustrations of various alien types, including small and normal-sized Grises, tall humanoids with and without red hair, Mantis-like beings, Reptiloids, Bigfoot-like creatures, Men in Black, and translucent beings.

Katharina Wilson and the "Alien Jigsaw"

Katharina Wilson's book, "The Alien Jigsaw," featuring twenty portraits of different beings, is mentioned as an example of the ongoing challenge in defining the phenomenon. The article suggests that each time ufologists believe they have found a definitive key, the richness and diversity of new findings overwhelm them.

The MUFON Abduction Transcription Project

Between 1992 and 1998, the MUFON (Mutual UFO Network) sponsored the "Abduction Transcription Project," led by Dan Wright. This project transcribed 925 tapes from 262 North American abduction cases. While only partial reports were released, the 1995 findings on entities described in 142 cases are discussed. These included "dwarfs" (under 120 cm) and occasional taller beings, as well as "Nordic" types. Notably, many beings were described as having grey skin, large black eyes, and a generally compassionate or positive behavior, which the article suggests might be influenced by the project's focus and the investigators involved.

"Faces of the Visitors" and Credibility Assessments

Kevin Randle and Russ Estes' "Faces of the Visitors" (1997) is presented as another contribution, which, despite the authors' skepticism and acknowledgment of media influence, still considers the possibility of genuine experiences. The book categorizes 54 cases into Visitors, Contactees, Abductees, and Photos, and includes credibility estimates. Three cases with credibility ratings above 6 are highlighted: Kelly-Hopkinsville (1955), Las Cruces (1972), and Roswell (1947).

"The Field Guide to Extraterrestrials" and Phenotype-Based Classification

Patrick Huyghe's "The Field Guide to Extraterrestrials" is discussed for its attempt to classify cases based on observable physical characteristics rather than cultural interpretations. The article lists various classes and types of beings, including humanoids, Grises, giants, non-classical types, animal-like beings, Reptilians, Amphibians, Insectoids, Birds, Robots, and immaterial entities.

Jader U. Pereira's Catalog and Jader U. Pereira's Statistical Analysis

Jader U. Pereira's catalog and statistical study of occupant cases, initially published in the French bulletin "Phénomènes Spatiaux" in 1970 and later expanded, is detailed. This work classified beings into several types, including normal humans, small humans, masculine beings with long hair, beings with wrinkled skin, beings with disproportionate heads, and cyclops. The analysis included temporal distribution, location, and witness statistics.

Eric Zurcher's "Les apparitions d'humanoïdes"

Eric Zurcher's work, "Les apparitions d'humanoïdes: 202 rencontres du 3ème type. 28 portraits-robots," focuses on French cases. Zurcher attempted a classification based on stature, equipment, and appearance, identifying groups such as humans, dwarfs, hairy beings, masculine beings with long hair, beings with suits, cyclops, unclassifiable anthropomorphs, and non-anthropomorphs. The article mentions Zurcher's consideration of the "mimetic behavior" of the phenomenon and its parallels with science fiction and mythology.

Other Taxonomies and Related Phenomena

The article broadens the scope to include other areas of study that involve classifications of non-human entities. This includes the "fairies and elves" from folklore, the "Old Hag" phenomenon studied by David J. Hufford, cryptozoology (the study of mysterious creatures), and urban legends like the "phantom hitchhiker." It also touches upon the depiction of aliens in science fiction literature and games.

Analysis of Statistics and Conclusions

The issue presents various statistical analyses of abduction cases, including witness demographics, object characteristics, and occupant behavior. Conclusions drawn suggest a coherence in descriptions of beings and craft despite geographical and temporal separation. The article notes that while the physical characteristics and behavior of the creatures can vary, their weapons are generally non-lethal. It is suggested that intellectual contact is possible without risk of microbial contamination, but mass or official contact is seemingly avoided.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

A recurring theme throughout the issue is the persistent effort to classify and understand the diverse phenomena associated with UFO occupants and abductions. The editorial stance appears to be one of critical inquiry, presenting various research findings and classifications while acknowledging their limitations and the inherent difficulties in establishing definitive truths. The article emphasizes the need for rigorous data collection and analysis, while also exploring the cultural and psychological influences that may shape witness accounts. The complexity and elusiveness of the phenomenon are consistently highlighted, suggesting that it remains a profound mystery.

This issue of "Ellos: Taxonomía y filogenia de los visitantes" (Them: Taxonomy and Phylogeny of Visitors) explores the classification and characteristics of extraterrestrial beings, drawing parallels between science fiction, ufology, and historical accounts of demonology. The content spans pages 156 to 175 and is authored primarily by Luis R. González, with contributions and references to numerous other researchers and authors.

Alien Classification in Science Fiction

The article begins by referencing Patricia Monk's "Alien Theory" (2006), which proposes several classifications for alien forms: homologous (similar to humans), analogous (familiar forms like animals or plants), heterologous (distinct from terrestrial forms), and completely exotic or unclassifiable. It also categorizes fictional alien contact into four types: First Contact (initial encounters), Established Contact (repeated encounters), Hypothetical Contact (discovery of alien artifacts), and Contact in the Dark (unaware of contact).

Literary and Fictional Alien Types

Further classifications are presented, including the "Bug Eyed Monsters" (B.E.M.), tracing their origins to early 20th-century science fiction. Other types include the humanoid (human-like but alien), the "little green man" (varied forms), and the "empowered alien" (archetype of the Other).

Marvel Universe Aliens

The "Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe #15" (March 1987) is cited for enumerating 128 alien races, categorized by form: Humanoids (58), Semi-humanoids (26), Reptilians/Serpentoids (21), Insectoids/Aracnoids (9), Marine (3), Amoeboids (2), Plant-based (2), Technological (3), and Others (4). The distribution is noted as similar to that of abducting ufologists, with plant and marine-based aliens being less frequently reported.

Ufonaut Typologies and Historical Parallels

Alvin H. Lawson's work is discussed, particularly his "Alien Roots: Six UFO Entity Types and Some Possible Earthly Ancestors" (1978), which identified six types of ufologists: Humans, Robots, Humanoids, Animals, Exotic Entities, and Apparitional Entities. Lawson found parallels for these in mythology, folklore, religious texts, and literature.

The Entity Enigma

Hilary Evans' books, "Visions, Apparitions, Alien Visitors" and "Gods, Spirits, Cosmic Guardians," are highlighted for their comparative studies of the entity enigma. Evans argues against single-category explanations (monocategorical approaches) for sightings, suggesting a continuous spectrum from familiar apparitions to clearly alien entities. He analyzes experimental cases like imaginary abductions and discusses how cultural and social factors influence the perceived form of these entities.

Medieval Demonology and Modern Abductions

A significant portion of the issue draws parallels between medieval demonology and modern UFO abduction phenomena. The "Malleus Maleficarum" (1486) and Remy's "Demonolatreiae" (1595) are presented as foundational texts for understanding historical views on demonic encounters. The article notes that medieval inquisitors debated issues remarkably similar to those discussed by modern ufologists, such as the possibility of procreation between humans and demons, and the abduction of people to secret locations.

Transvexiones and Demonic Encounters

Medieval abductions, termed "transvexiones" or "local movement," involved the transport of individuals, body and soul, often by force or with consent. These encounters were sometimes described as "carnal connections" (sexual relations) or "lujuria." The concept of "imaging," used by modern investigators to describe the aliens' ability to alter perception, was known to inquisitors as "glamour" (enchantment).

Similarities in Concepts

Many concepts from the 15th century resonate with modern abduction research, including levitation, spontaneous lactation, multi-generational encounters, and physical marks. The medieval practice of locating "magical" elements hidden under the skin is compared to modern discussions of alien implants.

Mental Abductions vs. Physical Abductions

Medieval demonologists, like modern abductologists, were divided into skeptics (who attributed experiences to mental hallucinations) and "true believers." The idea that some witches were transported only in imagination, while others were physically transported, mirrors contemporary debates about whether abductions are purely mental or physical experiences.

Alien/Demonic Physiology and Behavior

The article discusses the perceived lack of physical bodies for demons, suggesting they were composed of air. This contrasts with modern views of aliens, though both are described as not requiring respiration in the human sense. The communication methods of demons, described as agitating air within their bodies to produce sounds, are compared to the telepathic communication reported by abductees.

Diet and Metabolism

Sprenger and Kramer's analysis of demonic eating processes, involving mastication, deglutition, digestion, and expulsion, is contrasted with the idea that aliens may absorb nutrients through their skin, as proposed by David Jacobs. This suggests a convergence of conclusions between medieval demonologists and modern abduction researchers based on similar speculative evidence.

Control and Deception

Both demons and aliens are depicted as capable of using telepathic and hallucinatory powers to manipulate perception, making individuals see, think, and feel things that are not real. They can also impersonate animals or other humans.

Temporal Aspects of Encounters

While medieval texts suggest a long history of demonic encounters, David Jacobs notes that evidence for alien abductions dating back centuries is difficult to find, though he acknowledges the possibility.

Sexual Activity

The "Malleus Maleficarum" extensively discusses the procreation between demons and humans, a topic that also features in discussions about alien-human interactions.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring theme throughout this issue is the striking similarity between historical accounts of demonic encounters and modern UFO abduction phenomena. The authors suggest that these parallels are not coincidental and may point to a common underlying reality or a shared psychological framework. The editorial stance appears to be one of open inquiry, exploring these connections without necessarily endorsing either the supernatural or extraterrestrial explanations definitively, but rather highlighting the persistent human fascination with non-human entities and encounters.

This issue of "Demonios medievales y alienígenas modernos" (Medieval Demons and Modern Aliens) explores the striking parallels between historical accounts of demonic interactions with humans and contemporary reports of alien abductions. The magazine delves into how these seemingly disparate phenomena share common themes, particularly concerning reproduction, hybridization, and the manipulation of human beings.

Demonic Encounters and Alien Abductions: A Comparative Analysis

The issue begins by examining the medieval text "Malleus Maleficarum," which details how demons were believed to interact with humans. According to these accounts, demons could adopt human forms, seduce or rape humans, and collect semen for various purposes, including artificial insemination and the creation of hybrid beings. The text highlights the medieval understanding that demons lacked physical bodies but could manifest them through condensation of 'vapors' to engage in such acts.

This medieval perspective is directly compared to modern abduction literature. Experts like David Jacobs and John Mack are cited for their research into alien abductions, where similar themes emerge. Abductees report experiences of aliens collecting sperm and eggs, fertilizing them, and implanting hybrid fetuses. The article points out the striking similarity in the methods described, such as the extraction of semen via machines or illusory sexual encounters.

The Role of Reproduction and Hybridization

A significant portion of the magazine is dedicated to the concept of reproduction and hybridization. Medieval demonology proposed that demons could impregnate human women, leading to the birth of changelings or children with unusual characteristics. These changelings are compared to the 'hybrid' offspring described in alien abduction cases. The "Malleus Maleficarum" suggests that demons could collect semen and use it to impregnate women, or even interfere with human reproduction by rendering couples impotent.

Modern abduction research echoes these themes. Abductees often report that their eggs and sperm are collected, and that they may carry hybrid fetuses. The article notes that abduction researchers have concluded that the process of hybridization is a key element of alien agendas, mirroring the reproductive goals attributed to demons in medieval times.

The "Mother Goddess" and Feminine Influence

The issue also explores the recurring theme of a powerful feminine entity in both demonological and abduction narratives. Medieval texts mention figures like Diana (or Herodias) as the queen of witches, associated with fertility. Modern abduction accounts frequently feature a "Mother Goddess" or "Goddess of Fertility" figure, which some researchers, like Whitley Strieber and Betty Andreasson Luca, believe plays a significant role in alien encounters. This connection suggests a continuity in the archetypal feminine divine or powerful female presence across different belief systems.

Psychological and Cultural Interpretations

The magazine discusses how both medieval and modern phenomena might be interpreted through psychological lenses. The idea that supernatural entities adapt their appearance to match the witness's beliefs is explored. For example, medieval witches might see goat-like figures, while modern abductees might encounter science-fiction-like aliens. This suggests that the cultural context and individual psychology play a role in shaping the perceived reality of these encounters.

Skeptics are also presented, who argue that UFO phenomena have a cultural basis and are anthropomorphic, reflecting the concerns of different eras. They propose that pre-sleep states (hypnagogic and hypnopompic) might trigger vivid dreams that are difficult to distinguish from reality.

Surgical Operations and Control

Another parallel drawn is between medieval accounts of 'surgical' interventions by supernatural beings and modern abduction experiences involving medical procedures. The "Malleus Maleficarum" describes angels performing operations to remove sexual impulses from men. Similarly, abductees report undergoing procedures, sometimes described as metaphorical or symbolic, that are interpreted as attempts to control or alter their sexual drives or reproductive capabilities.

Seed Collection and Ecological Themes

The magazine also touches upon the theme of "seed collection." Medieval texts suggest demons travel the Earth to collect seeds and genetic material to propagate different species. This resonates with modern abduction accounts where aliens are observed collecting plant and rock samples, and some abductees report seeing "magnificent gardens" or "forests" within alien craft, suggesting an ecological or biological interest.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The overarching theme of this issue is the persistent parallels between historical demonological beliefs and contemporary alien abduction phenomena. The magazine presents a comparative analysis, suggesting that many core elements—such as sexual encounters, reproduction, hybridization, and the intervention of non-human intelligences—remain consistent across centuries and cultural contexts. The editorial stance appears to be one of exploring these connections seriously, highlighting how ancient narratives might offer insights into modern mysteries, and vice versa. The issue emphasizes that despite the shift in terminology from "demons" to "aliens," the underlying human experiences and the narratives constructed around them share remarkable commonalities.

This issue of the magazine focuses on the "Gerald, Michel, Jacques. Los avistamientos de Fort-de-France (1965)" case, exploring the UFO sightings that occurred in 1965 and their potential connection to Project HARP. The article delves into the testimonies of witnesses, scientific analyses, and various interpretations of these events.

The Fort-de-France Sightings

The primary focus is on the events of September 20, 1965, when a luminous phenomenon was observed from Fort-de-France, Martinique. Michel Figuet, a witness and later a researcher, provides a detailed account of his observation. The phenomenon was described as a white incandescent sphere with white smoke, exhibiting a zig-zagging trajectory. It later reappeared, performed loops, and disappeared. Another similar observation was reported on September 23, 1965.

Project HARP and Chemi-luminescence

The article extensively discusses Project HARP (High Altitude Research Project), led by engineer Gerald Bull. This project, based in Barbados, aimed to study the upper atmosphere by launching rockets that ejected trimethyl-aluminum (TMA). The TMA reacted with atmospheric oxygen, creating a luminous trail through chemi-luminescence. These trails, particularly those from the "Martlet 2" projectiles, were observed from Martinique and are considered by some to be the source of the UFO sightings.

The text details the technical aspects of HARP, including the use of a 16-inch cannon and the ejection of TMA at altitudes up to 140 km. It also mentions the effects of the cannon's sound and vibrations on the local population in Barbados.

Jacques Vallée's Analysis

Researcher Jacques Vallée, who was collaborating with astronomer J. Allen Hynek, is presented as a key figure in analyzing these events. Vallée's work, particularly his book "Confrontations," is discussed. He suggests that UFOs might not be extraterrestrial spacecraft but rather a physical manifestation of a non-human consciousness. His analysis of the Fort-de-France case, along with other UFO reports, is explored, including his work on "ortoteny" (the alignment of UFO sightings).

Scientific and Pseudoscientific Perspectives

The article touches upon various perspectives on UFO phenomena. It contrasts scientific investigation with pseudoscientific explanations like regression therapy and psychoanalysis, critiquing the latter for using the "unconscious" as an explanation for the inexplicable.

It also discusses the challenges in estimating the luminosity and distance of UFOs, citing a commission's conclusion that human estimations are often unreliable and that assumptions of isotropic emission might be inappropriate for technological artifacts.

Key Figures and Related Events

Besides Bull, Figuet, and Vallée, other individuals and events are mentioned:

• Manuel Borraz: The author of the article, who investigates the case and explores potential mundane explanations.
• Jérôme Sériel: A pseudonym for Jacques Vallée, author of a science fiction novel.
• Impey Barbicane and Julio Verne: Referenced in the context of fictional space travel, highlighting the historical interest in reaching celestial bodies.
• Werner von Braun: Mentioned in relation to concerns about "manipulations of Divine Creation" in space exploration.
• Carl Sagan: Credited with convincing the AAAS to dedicate a session to Velikovsky's theories.
• Velikovsky: His theories on the origin of life on Earth are briefly mentioned.
• Fletcher: A NASA director and proponent of the theory of multiple worlds.
• Aimé Michel: His hypothesis on the alignment of UFO sightings is discussed.
• J. Allen Hynek: Scientific advisor to the U.S. Air Force on UFO matters.
• Aberdeen Jones: A politician who blamed the HARP project for increased birth rates.
• Jean Prachan and Alain Lefeuvre: Authors whose books on UFOs are referenced and corrected by Figuet.
• Claude Poher: An astrophysicist who co-authored a study on UFO observations and later spearheaded the creation of GEPAN.
• Charles Murphy: Gerald Bull's associate, who continued his work after Bull's death.
• Saddam Hussein: Mentioned in relation to Project Babilonia, an Iraqi supergun project.

The article also briefly touches upon the death of Gerald Bull in 1990 and the subsequent confiscation of materials related to his "supercannon" projects.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes include the scientific investigation of anomalous aerial phenomena, the challenges of distinguishing between natural events and potential technological artifacts, and the role of witness testimony versus scientific analysis. The editorial stance appears to favor a rigorous, evidence-based approach to UFO research, while acknowledging the limitations of current scientific understanding and the persistence of unexplained phenomena. The article highlights the importance of detailed investigation, as exemplified by the work of Figuet and Vallée, and critically examines both scientific and pseudoscientific explanations.

This issue, identified by page numbers 218-219, focuses on the 1965 UFO sightings in Fort-de-France, Martinique, under the title "Gerald, Michel, Jacques. Los avistamientos de Fort-de-France (1965)". The primary author is Manuel Borraz, who meticulously investigates the case, drawing connections to the High Altitude Research Project (HARP) and its 'Martlet' missile launches.

The Fort-de-France Sightings and the HARP Connection

Borraz begins by noting the difficulty in finding precise information about the Fort-de-France sightings, particularly regarding the correct date and time. He contrasts the widely circulated version by Jacques Vallee with details from Michel Figuet's 1984 publication, "Lumières dans la Nuit," highlighting that Vallee's accounts, though more prevalent online, lack specific temporal details that Figuet provided. The article points out that while the Martinique observation is mentioned on various websites, only one source indicates a specific date (the 53rd, which is likely a typo or misinterpretation) and none mention the correct time.

The core of the investigation revolves around the 'Martlet 2' projectiles used in the HARP project. Borraz explains that these projectiles, launched from Barbados, released trimethylaluminum (TMA) during their ascent, creating luminous trails. He references technical reports and online databases, including those from astronautix.com and Jonathan McDowell's 'Launch Vehicle Database,' to detail the 'Martlet' launches, particularly those occurring around September 20-23, 1965. A specific report, "UPPER ATMOSPHERE WINDS FROM GUN LAUNCHED VERTICAL PROBES (BARBADOS, 20-23 SEPTEMBER 1965)," is cited, though not fully accessible. The article notes a potential error in the coordinates for the Barbados station in some reports.

Borraz discusses two specific launches on September 20, 1965: one at 19:30 AST (local time) and another at 20:52 AST. The 19:30 launch is directly linked to Figuet's observation of a descending trail, while the 20:52 launch is associated with an ascending phenomenon. He speculates that these differing observations might have led Figuet to perceive the phenomenon as repeating in an "inverse" direction. The trajectory of the 'Martlets' is described as moving away from Fort-de-France, and the observed trails remained at a considerable distance.

Technical Details and References

The article provides extensive footnotes detailing the sources and elaborating on various aspects of the HARP project, Gerald Bull, and related UFO literature. It references publications like "A Brief History of the HARP Project," "Wilderness of Mirrors," and Jacques Vallee's own works, including "Forbidden Science" and "Challenge to Science: The UFO Enigma." The technical specifications of the 'Martlet' projectiles are mentioned, along with their launch sites and the nature of their atmospheric releases.

Related Books and Ufological Context

Beyond the primary investigation, the issue features several book reviews that provide context on the broader field of ufology:

• "El Hombre del Traje Blanco" by Herikberto M. Q.: This review discusses a youth novel that incorporates UFO themes, including illustrations of 'Ummite' flying saucers and a skeptical ufologist character. The reviewer notes the author's background as an artist and his exploration of 'adaptive convergent evolution' theories.

• "A Desconstrução de um Mito" by Ubirajara Rodrigues and Carlos Alberto Reis: This book, reviewed by Alejandro Agostinelli, is presented as a critical analysis of classic ufology, particularly in Brazil. It challenges common UFO myths and hypotheses, including the extraterrestrial hypothesis, and advocates for a more rigorous and scientific approach. The review highlights the book's critique of 'Frankenstein ufology' and its examination of the evolution of UFO explanations.

• "De Outros Mundos. Portugueses e Extraterrestres no século XX" edited by Joaquim Fernandes: This compilation of essays explores Portuguese ufology from various perspectives, including historical, psychological, and sociological. The review notes the multidisciplinary approach and the book's focus on the concept of 'the other among us.'

• "Invasores" by Alejandro Agostinelli: Reviewed by Luis R. González, this book is praised for its journalistic approach to UFO phenomena in Argentina. The reviewer commends Agostinelli for treating witnesses and their accounts with respect, aiming to provide a comprehensive view rather than debunking. The book is noted for its exploration of various cases, including alleged alien contact and cattle mutilations.

• "Invasores: mi viaje a través de una serie de coincidencias asombrosas" by Mariano Chinelli: This personal reflection by Chinelli details his journey into collecting editions of 'El Eternauta,' a seminal Argentine comic, and his encounters with collector Santos Domínguez Koch. Chinelli discusses how his interest in collecting was inspired by Koch and how coincidences, such as a snowfall on July 9th, mirrored events in 'El Eternauta,' leading him to question the nature of coincidence.

• "En el camino de Charles Fort" by Oscar A. Galíndez: This review connects Agostinelli's "Invasores" to the work of Charles Fort, suggesting that both works offer a novel philosophical perspective on extraordinary events and phenomena, encouraging readers to consider possibilities beyond conventional explanations.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The issue consistently emphasizes the importance of rigorous investigation, critical analysis, and the careful examination of evidence in the study of UFO phenomena. It highlights the challenges of misinformation and the need for precise data, particularly in historical cases. The reviews of the books suggest a growing trend towards more critical and scientifically-oriented ufology, both in Spain and internationally, while acknowledging the enduring fascination with the subject. The editorial stance appears to favor a balanced approach, encouraging open-mindedness while demanding evidence-based reasoning, and celebrating the efforts of researchers and collectors who contribute to the field.

This issue of *Cuadernos de Ufología* (Issue 11) focuses on reviews and discussions surrounding Alejandro Agostinelli's book, *Invasores: Historias de extraterrestres en la Argentina*. The magazine itself is published by Fundación Anomalía, an organization dedicated to the study of anomalies and their influence on popular culture.

"Nueva Filosofía" and the Journalistic Approach to Ufology

The opening section, titled "Nueva Filosofía," reflects on the unique approach of Agostinelli's book. The author of this piece argues that Agostinelli's work introduces a "new philosophy" to ufological journalism by treating the phenomenon not just as a news item but by delving into its broader implications and the psychology of witnesses. The author contrasts this with the traditional journalistic circuit, which often reports UFO sightings as isolated events without exploring their subsequent interpretation or societal impact. The piece emphasizes the importance of understanding the information's public and intelligible relation to facts, as defined by Eliel C. Ballester. It suggests that *Invasores* fills a gap by not hastily categorizing every reported sighting as an anomaly and by investigating the stimuli that lead witnesses to share their experiences. This perspective is described as a "different and broader perspective on information."

The author also mentions having maintained silence on the topic due to professional functions but has since reformulated their perspectives with an open mind towards scientific clarification. Despite inter-school rivalries in ufology, the author is willing to supply documentation, even if it might be used to discredit their own research, stating a commitment to exploring the phenomenon without preconceptions.

Reviews of "Invasores"

Several individuals contribute reviews and commentary on Agostinelli's book *Invasores*:

Carlos Domínguez's Perspective

Carlos Domínguez praises Agostinelli's journalistic style, describing it as "detective-like" and respectful of the facts. He notes that the book captivates readers not by proving the existence of aliens but by focusing on the fascinating protagonists and their extraordinary stories, such as a woman falling in love with an imaginary being or someone translating the *Martín Fierro* into an alien language. Domínguez highlights that the book's charm lies in its ability to maintain reader interest chapter by chapter, with each chapter evoking different reflections and sentiments. He concludes that *Invasores* is a "great book" that transcends its subject matter.

Diego Zúñiga's Fieldwork for "Invasores"

Diego Zúñiga recounts his experience assisting Alejandro Agostinelli with fieldwork for *Invasores*. This involved traveling to Chile to interview Armando Valdés, a subject of a well-known abduction case, and Pablo Kittl, a contactee. Zúñiga details the journey to Temuco to meet Valdés, who eventually confessed that his abduction story was fabricated. They also met with Pablo Kittl, who provided information for the book. Zúñiga mentions Agostinelli's dedication, including extensive travel and research, to gather these stories.

Jordi Ardanuy's Assessment

Jordi Ardanuy describes *Invasores* as a "marvelous book" by his friend Alejandro Agostinelli. He acknowledges his potential bias but asserts the book's quality. Ardanuy notes that *Invasores* covers significant UFO events in Argentina, presenting them exhaustively yet avoiding excessive academic jargon, making it accessible to a broad audience. He quotes Daniel Riera, who states that "people are the raw material for the work of good journalists." Agostinelli, according to Ardanuy, understands that the protagonists are human beings with virtues and flaws. The book is characterized by its tact and delicacy in handling sensitive topics, even when debunking falsehoods, aiming for understanding and knowledge rather than insult.

Ardanuy highlights the story of the Kavanagh skyscraper incident in Buenos Aires (1954) as particularly interesting. He also discusses the case of Vidal, noting how Agostinelli provides updated details on this well-known urban legend. The reviewer also touches upon the summary of the "chupacabras" phenomenon in Argentina, finding the explanations conventional.

Ariel Ledesma Becerra's "Third Type" of Book

Ariel Ledesma Becerra categorizes *Invasores* as a "third type" of book, distinct from those written by ufology enthusiasts or strict skeptics. He argues that Agostinelli takes his subjects seriously, viewing them as passionate individuals with imagination, regardless of whether their ideas are correct. The book focuses on direct contact with individuals, aiming to understand their experiences and the context that shapes them, rather than ridiculing them. Ledesma Becerra contrasts this with typical skeptical books that might expose "charlatans" but sometimes treat imaginative individuals with less respect than those who invent maliciously. He praises the book for its balance, avoiding the pitfalls of both fervent believers and overly critical skeptics.

Ledesma Becerra also commends Agostinelli's humility and his ability to learn from his interviewees, making the book a valuable resource for understanding the phenomenon from a human perspective. He quotes Stephen Jay Gould, emphasizing the importance of studying even misguided but imaginative individuals.

Saurio's Review

Saurio identifies the unique aspect of *Invasores* as its focus on life stories and the people involved, rather than solely on the UFO cases. The book is described as having a rational bias in its explanations, which Saurio finds commendable for providing balance without alienating readers. He notes that the human component is the book's most striking feature, often evoking a sense of profound sadness due to the palpable loneliness of the protagonists, who find hope in the idea of secular deities. Saurio also points out that Agostinelli largely ignores famous Argentine ufologists like Fabio Zerpa and Antonio Las Heras, focusing instead on the direct experiences of individuals. He finds the book entertaining and humorous, avoiding the trap of overly academic or self-important writing. Saurio concludes that *Invasores* is an "essential book" for anyone seeking a different perspective on the UFO phenomenon.

"Cuadernos de Ufología" and Fundación Anomalía

The issue also includes information about *Cuadernos de Ufología*, described as a specialized publication focused on contemporary legends related to space investigation, exobiology, and extraterrestrial myths. It is noted for its in-depth dossiers and critical stance on UFO casuistry and explanations. The magazine is available through subscriptions via donations to Fundación Anomalía. The donation form and contact details for Fundación Anomalía are provided, along with information about their mission, which includes promoting the study of anomalies, preserving archives, and disseminating research.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue revolve around the nature of journalistic inquiry into ufology, the importance of human experience in understanding anomalous phenomena, and the critical yet empathetic approach to witness testimonies. The editorial stance, as reflected in the reviews and the magazine's own description, favors a balanced perspective that acknowledges the human element and avoids both dogmatic belief and dismissive skepticism. The publication aims to provide a platform for rigorous investigation and thoughtful analysis of UFO-related topics, emphasizing the cultural and psychological impact of these phenomena.