Vimana - 2a epoca - No 01

Magazine Overview

This issue of VIMANA, published by the Centro Investigador de Objetos Volantes Extraterrestres (C.I.O.V.E.) in Santander, Spain, is identified as issue IV and is dated July. The cover prominently features the title "VIMANA" and announces the "IV SIMPOSIUM FENOMENO O.V.N.I." (IV Symposium on UFO Phenomena), accompanied by an illustration of a large, futuristic spacecraft or station. The magazine is primarily in Spanish.

Editorial

The editorial section, titled "Editorial," marks the beginning of a new phase for VIMANA, positioning it among the growing number of ufological magazines worldwide. The publication's core effort is dedicated to connecting UFO enthusiasts with the best specialists and theories, aiming for a rigorous and scientific approach rather than sensationalism. The editorial acknowledges that the topic of UFOs has not been taken seriously by society and expresses the desire to provide readers with updates on the latest discoveries from esteemed ufologists. It also extends greetings to other ufological magazines and hopes for public acceptance of their endeavor.

Table of Contents (Sumario)

The "SUMARIO" lists the following articles and sections:

• Editorial
• Detección O. V. N. I. (UFO Detection)
• Fenómeno O. V. N. I., mimetismo o carnaval (UFO Phenomena, Mimicry or Carnival)
• Observaciones antiguas (Ancient Observations)
• IV Simposium Fenómeno O. V. N. I.
• Misteriosa detención instrumental (Mysterious Instrumental Detention)
• La Informática aplicada a la Ufología (Informatics Applied to Ufology)
• Noticias en onda corta (Shortwave News)
• Nuestros compañeros (Our Colleagues)
• Estudio de 177 Observaciones (Study of 177 Observations)
• O. V. N. I.s en la URSS (UFOs in the USSR)
• Análisis de un contacto (Analysis of a Contact)
• Bibliografía (Bibliography)

The table of contents also notes that VIMANA welcomes exchanges with similar publications in Spanish, French, English, and Italian.

Key Articles and Features

La Detección del Fenómeno O.V.N.I. (The Detection of the UFO Phenomenon):
This article delves into the physical characteristics of UFOs and the challenges in studying them. It highlights the need for rigorous methodologies to gather objective testimonies and evidence, such as footprints, burns, or radar records. The piece discusses the idea that UFOs might involve electromagnetic fields and references Captain René Plantier's 1950s theory about UFO propulsion using cosmic rays to generate a force field. Plantier's concept of "space energy" as the spontaneous birth of material particles is explained through a simple equation: Nada - X = Y.

Esquema del Aparato (Apparatus Diagram):
This section presents a simplified schematic for a UFO detection device. It describes how an abnormal oscillation of a magnetic needle (compass) can close a circuit, activating a signaling system. The apparatus uses a battery (A) to power a relay and a signalizer (optical or acoustic). The article notes that while simple, this detector has limited detection capacity and brief circuit duration. A relay is suggested to maintain the circuit once activated. The magnetic field produced by UFOs is described as unlike that of a permanent magnet, possibly resembling an oscillating solenoid. The article mentions that these fields can fluctuate between a hundred and several thousand Tesla.

Materiales (Materials):
This part details the construction of a simple magnetic needle detector. It requires a simple compass (metallic or ruby point), two metal rings, and a battery. The setup needs to be placed horizontally, free from vibrations and metallic interference. A relay is recommended to keep the signaling circuit active. The signalizer can be optical (bulb) or acoustic (buzzer). The article concludes by stating that the reliability of this "mini-detector" is low but deemed interesting for enthusiasts.

IV SIMPOSIUM SOBRE EL FENOMENO O.V.N.I.:
This article reports on the IV Symposium on UFO Phenomena held in Santander from July 18-21. Organized by C.I.O.V.E., the event attracted a large audience, often exceeding the capacity of the Cine Kotska venue. The symposium featured prominent Spanish ufologists, including:

• Antonio Ribera: Discussed the "Current Situation of the UFO Problem" and "The Twelve Mortal Triangles."
• Jose Luis Jordan Peña: Presented "Myth and Reality of the UFO Phenomenon," aiming to debunk hoaxes and focus on the real aspects of UFOs.
• Manuel Pedrajo: Argued for the presence of extraterrestrials throughout human history and discussed "Uránidas," supporting his claims with observations.
• Juan Jose Benitez: Shared his extensive experiences from traveling 100,000 kilometers investigating UFOs.
• Miguel Alcover Iglesias: Spoke on "Contributions to the Problem of UFO Propulsion," focusing on the high speeds observed in UFOs.

Fenómeno O. V. N. I. (1.ª Parte) ¿MIMETISMO O CARNAVAL?:
This is the first part of an article that begins by referencing physicist Ing. Ros Emperador's prediction about the atom being an entire universe and the complexity of its interactions. It then shifts to discuss the "prophecies" of the Aquarian age, including androgyny, a return to paradise, and a single language. The article then introduces the "Appearance of the Uránidas," detailing a case from November 18, 1957, involving Cynthia Appleton in Birmingham, England. She reported being visited by a projection of an extraterrestrial being, described as a tall, blond young man. The projection communicated telepathically, warning her not to approach and stating it was projected from a flying saucer, which was itself transported by a larger artifact. The entity mentioned searching for "titio" in the ocean and described its world as a paradise. It also claimed Cynthia could detect them because her brain was susceptible.

O. U. N. I. IV Simposium Program:
This section provides the detailed program for the IV Symposium held at Cine Kostka from July 18-21. It lists specific presentations for each day, including topics like "Imaginary Planets," "Physical Proofs of the UFO Phenomenon," "UFOs in the USSR," and "A Scientific Response to the Phenomenon." It also mentions the screening of Erich von Däniken's film "The Message of the Gods."

En Nuestra Proxima Edicion (In Our Next Edition):
This section previews upcoming articles, including "A Tool for Scientific Ufology: Statistical Techniques," "The Observation of Cantareira (Brazil)," and "The UFO Phenomenon and Imaginary Planets."

Otras Publicaciones (Other Publications):
This lists other UFO-related magazines and their contact information, such as "STENDEK," "HIPERGEA," "CONTACTOS EXTRATERRESTRES," "INSOLITO," "GALAXIA," and "MUNDO DESCONOCIDO."

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue revolve around the scientific investigation of UFO phenomena, the presentation of various theories and hypotheses, and the reporting of eyewitness accounts and symposium proceedings. The editorial stance is clearly in favor of a rigorous, objective, and scientific approach to ufology, distinguishing itself from sensationalist or science-fiction-oriented content. The magazine aims to educate and inform enthusiasts by bringing together experts and reliable information, while also acknowledging the ongoing mysteries and the need for further research.

This issue of "FENOMENO O. V. N. I." (UFO PHENOMENON), presented as '1.ª PARTE' (Part 1), delves into various aspects of UFO phenomena, ancient accounts, and the Soviet Union's perspective on the subject. The cover features illustrations of three types of alien 'occupants'.

Ancient Accounts and Theories

The article begins by discussing a personal experience of a projection that communicated a secret about the atom's nucleus, leading to newspaper sheets being half-burned. It then connects this to a prophecy about humanity's development in the Aquarian age. The text explores the discovery of the atomic bomb and the destructive forces unleashed by man, referring to these as 'cosmic cataclysms'.

The author states their intention to present a generalized theory of the UFO phenomenon, drawing on over twenty years of study and coinciding with the views of other prominent researchers like Aimé Michel, Charles Bowen, Coral Lorenzen, Peter Kolosimo, Brinsley Le Poer Trench, and Antonio Ribera. The author also acknowledges the support of CIOVE, an organization for UFO research in Spain.

The concept of 'Uranians' (extraterrestrials) is explored, with the author recalling writing the first book on the subject in 1954 when public reaction was largely dismissive. The text suggests that humanity, in the Aquarian age, must prepare for its place in the cosmos.

• Several unusual events are recounted:
• A green ice ball appeared over Lisbon and disappeared after three days.
• A ball over two meters in diameter fell in Calcutta in 1908, emitting a foul odor.
• In Madras, fish fell from storm clouds.
• A prehistoric stone axe with inscriptions fell near Girona in 1936.
• The text mentions that since ancient times, beings have descended from the sky, including rotten flesh, blood packages, gelatinous balls, and stones with inscriptions.

The article then shifts to ancient history, referencing Beroso's account of amphibious beings from the Persian Gulf who taught humanity for thousands of years. These beings, like Oanes, are described as rational and kind, possessing two heads and teaching writing, arts, sciences, and the worship of God. The text also mentions the discovery of the Antikythera mechanism, a complex ancient calculator, as evidence of advanced knowledge in antiquity.

Egyptian and Historical References

The text touches upon Egyptian history, mentioning the 'discs of gold' from the great library of Alexandria and the writings of the gods. It highlights the cyclical destruction of libraries and the suppression of scientific knowledge by mystical leaders. The pharaoh Amenofis IV is discussed, noting his artistic representations and his devotion to the sun god. A quote from a scribe describes a 'circle of fire' that was worshipped.

Another pharaoh, Tutmosis III, is cited through the Tulli papyrus, describing a 'circle of fire' in the sky with a long body and no head, emitting a foul breath. This event led to fear and the observation of falling fish and birds.

The author urges a departure from rationalist thinking and a reawakening to the need for survival in a world increasingly influenced by a 'magical world' that seeks to control humanity.

UFOs in the USSR

The issue dedicates a significant portion to the phenomenon of UFOs in the Soviet Union. It explains that the USSR maintained silence on UFOs until the 1960s, initially viewing foreign reports and domestic sightings as psychological warfare tactics. The difficulty in minimizing or silencing testimonies is also noted, referencing the delayed translation of Dr. Donald H. Menzel's book.

With the end of the Cold War, information exchange between East and West increased, leading Soviet scientists to realize the importance of the UFO issue. Two international congresses in Moscow (1965 on telecommunications and 1966 on mathematics) touched upon unidentified satellites and UFOs, respectively. Jacques Vallée's conference on UFOs spurred Soviet researchers like Ziegel to publicly address the topic.

An investigation by Edward U. Condon's team in California and Colorado is mentioned. UFO activity reportedly increased in Poland, China, Czechoslovakia, and the USSR in 1966. The Soviet news agency TASS announced the detection of a radio source in the constellation Pegasus, with signals suggesting intelligent intent.

In 1967, a committee of cosmonauts was formed in the USSR to study UFOs, headed by Major-General Porfiri A. Stoliarov, with Dr. Félix Zigel and writer Alexander Kazantsev as vice-presidents. The committee aimed to expose pseudoscientific interpretations of strange phenomena and sought public collaboration.

This initiative garnered international attention, with the New York Times reporting on the similarities between the Stoliarov Committee and Condon's team. However, the Soviet Academy of Sciences expressed skepticism, and Vladimir Lechkoutsov denied the existence of any official UFO research organization in the USSR. The Stoliarov Committee eventually suspended its activities.

In 1968, Pravda published an official stance denying any UFO observations in the USSR that could not be explained, labeling those who claimed sightings as liars or lacking scientific training. This echoed the arguments made by Dr. Joseph Allen Hynek.

Donald H. Menzel's thesis, suggesting that UFOs are not related to distant civilizations but rather to other forms of intelligent life, was reiterated. The article concludes that Soviet ufology did not survive, and the topic remained dormant, possibly due to official concealment.

The text presents five conclusions about Soviet ufology:
1. The 'modern' Soviet UFO period began in 1946.
2. Soviet ufology shares characteristics with ufology worldwide.
3. UFO observations, though not officially announced, are diffused among the public similarly to the West.
4. Russian scientific media exhibit the same repulsion or avoidance of the UFO problem as in the West.
5. The UFO phenomenon is attributed to an extraterrestrial origin.

Mysterious Aviation Incident

A detailed account is given of an incident involving an 'Aviaco' flight from Valencia to Bilbao. While flying over Santander at 12,000 feet, the aircraft entered a cloud, causing all instruments to fail: four RMIs and two MHR4Bs (integrated instruments with electronic compasses), two HZ4s (artificial horizons), the radar, and both VHF radios. The aircraft was unable to communicate with ground control.

Strangely, the DME (Distance Measuring Equipment), which counts miles, began counting backward from 24 miles, reaching zero and continuing to 9 miles past Bilbao, despite the aircraft's course being set for Santander. The autopilot also disengaged.

Upon exiting the cloud, all instruments returned to normal simultaneously. The incident is described as incomprehensible, as there were no internal failure warnings or emergency signals.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine consistently explores the UFO phenomenon from historical, scientific, and anecdotal perspectives. It appears to advocate for a serious consideration of UFOs, challenging conventional scientific skepticism and highlighting ancient accounts that suggest extraterrestrial contact. The editorial stance seems to be one of open inquiry, encouraging readers to share information and participate in the investigation of unexplained aerial phenomena. The article on Soviet ufology suggests a pattern of official denial and suppression of information, common across different political systems, while acknowledging the persistent public interest in the topic.

This issue of 'TES IBERICAS', Volume VI, Issue 18, dated December 1977, focuses on unexplained phenomena, particularly UFOs, and explores their study through scientific and technological means. The cover prominently features a headline about a mysterious flight between Bilbao and Santander, accompanied by an illustration suggesting a UFO encounter.

Flight Incident: Bilbao-Santander

The lead article details a perplexing incident involving an Aviaco 'Caravelle' aircraft flying from Bilbao to Santander. Upon entering a dense, white, lenticular cloud, all 12 instruments on the plane simultaneously failed. Despite the aircraft flying within the cloud for approximately seven minutes, the radar immediately became functional again once the instruments were disconnected. The most astonishing aspect was that the flight, which normally takes 10-12 minutes, took 35 minutes, with the fuel consumption matching this longer duration. The pilots described the cloud as lenticular, very thick, with a strong white luminosity, and long enough to take seven minutes to traverse. The article questions the cause of the simultaneous instrument failure, suggesting a possible connection to electrostatic phenomena.

Historical Parallels: Charles Berlitz and Commander Billson

To shed light on the instrument failure, the article references Charles Berlitz's book 'Sin rastro' (No Trace), recounting an experience of Commander Billson in a PBM aircraft on March 25, 1945. Flying from Banana River, Florida, towards Gran Bahama, Billson's aircraft experienced a similar total instrument failure, including the radio compass and magnetic compass spinning, and the radio becoming useless due to static electricity. The night became intensely dark, and Billson experienced violent vertigo. Upon returning to base, the instruments resumed functioning. The article notes that Billson's experience remained a mystery until the stories of the Bermuda Triangle became public, suggesting a potential link between discoidal clouds, immediate instrumental failure in aircraft, and electrostatic phenomena.

CIOVE do Brasil: A Ufological Endeavor

The magazine highlights the work of 'CIOVE do Brasil', an organization dedicated to the study of ufology in South America. It details the group's origins in 1968, stemming from the initiative of Rafael Durá Sempere, a Valencian who adopted Rio de Janeiro as his home. Over ten years, CIOVE do Brasil has become a recognized entity, known for its advanced criteria in UFO research, often surpassing those in the Iberian Peninsula. The article mentions their participation in symposia in São Paulo, where they engaged with respected Brazilian specialists like Professor Flavio Pereira and investigator Felipe Machado Carrión. The group has evolved from a single individual's effort to a comprehensive team of specialists from various scientific fields. Their work includes audiovisual presentations on Tiahuanaco civilization and UFO phenomena, projected to over 7,000 people. The article also acknowledges the photographic work of Anton Kittler on the archaeological complex of Dr. Cabrera Darquea in Peru and the 'Rancho das Estrellas' center.

A detailed list of CIOVE members is provided, including their roles, ages, and nationalities. Notable members include Rafael Durá Sempere (Delegate), Omar de Campo Verde (Casuistics Advisor), Arthur Claude Horst (Astroarchaeology), Osni Schwarz (Astrophysics and General Secretary), Chen Yung (Physics-Mathematics), Anton J. Kittler (Photography), and Laura Jane Pereira de Sousa (Public Relations).

Scientific News and Discoveries

Frost on Mars

The issue features a photograph from the 'Viking-2' probe, taken on September 25, 1977, showing frost formation on the Martian surface. This frost appears around rocks at temperatures of -80°C during the Martian night and disappears during the day as temperatures rise to -10°C. Scientists hypothesize that it is not simple frozen carbon dioxide but a variety of gas composed of six water molecules and one CO2 molecule, a finding of interest for understanding Martian soil and planetary history.

The Tunguska Event

Referencing Guy Israel's book 'El Sistema Solar', the article revisits the 1908 Tunguska event in Siberia. It presents a theory suggesting that the massive explosion was caused by a simple cometary nucleus penetrating the atmosphere. Analysis by the Universities of Tomsk and Kiev indicates the presence of silicate microspheres consistent with carbonaceous chondrites. The theory posits that the comet's head, upon entering the atmosphere, heated porous and volatile material, particularly water, causing it to explode into infinitesimal particles, releasing an estimated 10 to 20 megatons of chemical energy, mimicking a nuclear bomb.

Explosions in the Bermuda Triangle

In December 1977, five large explosions occurred in the Atlantic Ocean, several kilometers offshore, surprising North American scientists. Initially thought to be sonic booms, this explanation was discarded. The current hypothesis suggests these were massive underwater methane bubbles erupting from the seabed and igniting due to static electricity generated by their rapid ascent. Geologists consider these phenomena potential precursors to earthquakes.

Archaeological Discovery in Yucatan

A 3.4 cm long magnetite rod was unearthed in the Yucatan Peninsula. Archaeologists deduce from this artifact that the Olmec civilization may have used a compass 1,000 years before the Chinese, significantly earlier than previously believed.

Vital Alsar's Atlantic Expedition

Explorer Vital Alsar is currently on his Atlantic crossing, aiming to reach Santander by the end of September. During his previous Pacific crossing with three rafts, he reportedly observed a unidentified flying object (UFO) in a spindle shape that followed the expedition for several hours. The article notes that Thor Heyerdhal also witnessed a similar UFO emerging from the depths during his 'Kon-Tiki' expedition in 1947.

Gravitational Wave Research

The article discusses ongoing research into gravitational waves, building upon the work of physicist Majorana in 1930 and later experiments with Foucault pendulums. Recent research at Louisiana University employs a new technique involving a cooled aluminum cylinder coated with a niobium-titanium alloy, operating near absolute zero (-272°C). This setup aims to detect gravitational waves by observing their potential to modify matter. The technique, developed by Dr. Joseph Weber, has reportedly detected simultaneous 'events' in multiple detectors, suggesting the passage of gravitational waves.

Supernova of 1006

The issue recounts the exceptional astronomical event of 1006 when a star of extraordinary luminosity appeared, illuminating the Earth for three months. Descriptions from the Benedictines of Saint Gallen note its variable appearance, sometimes contracting, sometimes dilating, and even disappearing. The event was interpreted as a favorable omen by Chinese astrologers due to its yellow color, associated with the ruling Song dynasty, but as a bad omen by Arabs, who linked it to Scorpio, a sign considered inauspicious for Muslims. The article speculates that such explosions might have influenced terrestrial flora and fauna, potentially causing species extinction and initiating ice ages.

Informatics Applied to Ufology

This section explores the application of computer science to the study of UFO phenomena. It explains that computers process information through input and output, and for ufology, languages like Fortran are suitable for programming. The article details how Fortran simplifies problem-solving for computers and discusses the representation of information, noting that the variety of symbols used (Latin alphabet, digits, special characters) allows for richer data encoding.

The process of information treatment, or processing, is described, leading to the desired result or output. The utility of computers in UFO research is emphasized, highlighting their speed in data processing, efficient organization of available information, and enhanced data management. An example is given of automated UFO detection stations networked globally, allowing for instant information sharing about sightings worldwide, thus aiding in pattern analysis.

The article further explains how computers can simplify data in archives by assigning codes, protecting information, and keeping files updated. It describes how computers can restructure files with new data, potentially classifying information based on new patterns. Computers can also be programmed to discard information that does not meet specific criteria, ensuring the purity of the UFO sighting database. The ability to organize data by various modes (date, type, geography) is also highlighted.

Finally, the section discusses the statistical analysis of UFO waves or historical data using computers to gain a better understanding of the phenomenon. It argues that while a person can perform these tasks, a computer does so with significantly greater speed and precision, which are crucial for studying UFO phenomena.

Algorithm for Inserting Records

A technical explanation is provided for an algorithm to insert a record (RGTO) into a sequential file. It details the process of reading records, comparing them, and writing them to a new file, ensuring that the pointers correctly link the records in sequence. This section includes diagrams illustrating the intercalation process and the logic for inserting records into a file.

Analysis of a Contact: Part 1

This section begins an analysis of 'contact' with 'extraterrestrials', defined as beings from outside our time or dimension. It suggests that throughout history, humans have sought communication with such beings, adapting their methods to their own beliefs and logical structures. In the current era of space travel, these beings are referred to as 'extraterrestrials'.

The article posits that contact with these ultradimensional beings, regardless of the era, is inherently extraterrestrial because our contemplation is directed towards non-terrestrial interlocutors. It mentions that in past eras, these beings were perceived as angels or devils, and neutral spirits or 'phantoms'. Communication methods then, while complex, were not as complicated as modern communication sciences. The article identifies 'cabal' as the primary language for communicating with ultradimensional beings, stating that it continues to yield results.

It draws a parallel between modern 'extraterrestrial messages' and 'extraterrestrial writings' with historical accounts of 'devil's writing', citing the case of Father Urbano Grandier of Loudun. The article suggests that historical communication with spirits involved a system of language based on mathematical principles, referring again to cabal. It also touches upon other related sciences, now lost, that were based on logical systems.

The author notes that modern semantics and structuralism, as exemplified by linguists like Chomsky and Bertrand Russell, echo the principles of cabal and ancient logical systems, emphasizing their continued utility for communicating with the 'indefinable'. The article concludes that the study of the unusual, including extraterrestrials and UFOs, is fundamentally a science of communication, and that language evolution is key to understanding it.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine consistently explores the intersection of unexplained phenomena, particularly UFOs, with scientific inquiry and technological advancements. There's a clear emphasis on presenting factual accounts, even if speculative, and analyzing them through logical and systematic approaches. The inclusion of computer science in ufology, alongside astronomical and archaeological news, suggests a broad, interdisciplinary perspective. The editorial stance appears to be one of open-minded investigation, seeking rational explanations while acknowledging the profound mysteries that remain.

The magazine also seems to have a focus on international contributions and collaborations, as seen with 'CIOVE do Brasil' and the reporting on events and discoveries from various parts of the world. The recurring theme of historical parallels, linking ancient beliefs and experiences to modern UFO phenomena, is also notable.

This issue of "FENOMENO O. V. N. I." is presented as the first part of a series, focusing on the historical context and modern observations of Unidentified Flying Objects (UFOs). It delves into the idea that language can extend beyond spoken or written words to encompass physical movements and patterns, drawing parallels between ancient constructions and modern sightings.

Language and Communication Theories

The magazine explores the concept of 'essential language' and how it might be represented through pictograms or even 'routes' and movements, citing the Nazca lines in Peru as an example. It also references ancient sites like Stonehenge and the Egyptian pyramids as forms of teaching that do not require traditional writing. The idea is presented that humans walking on the ground can create signs that form a language, readable from above, a concept attributed to Louis Charpentier.

Fernando Sesma's work is highlighted, particularly his attempt to communicate with extraterrestrials by creating ground signs. He reportedly received responses, though the authenticity of this contact is questioned. The article discusses the possibility of extraterrestrials being among us or using human intermediaries for communication, and the challenges in verifying such claims.

Historical UFO Accounts

The issue presents historical accounts of UFO-like phenomena, dating back to ancient times. It includes descriptions from Roman chronicles and other historical documents that depict aerial objects and unusual celestial events. A specific engraving from Basel, dated 1566, titled "Grabado V," is shown, illustrating a depiction of a UFO.

UFOs in Andalusia (Spain)

A significant portion of the magazine is dedicated to a detailed catalog of 177 UFO observations in Andalusia, Spain, spanning from 1966 to 1968. Each entry provides:

• Case Number: (e.g., CASO 28, CASO 29)
• Date and Time: (e.g., 29-5-66 20:00)
• Location: (e.g., Sevilla, Entre Casares y Estepona (Málaga))
• Witnesses: Names and brief descriptions of the observers.
• Object Description: Shape, color, size, luminosity, and behavior of the observed object.
• Details: Altitude, speed, sound, and any other relevant observations.
• Source: The publication or entity from which the information was obtained.

Examples of these sightings include:

• Case 28 (Sevilla, 1966): An oval object with a fire-like color observed for two minutes, moving at high speed.
• Case 29 (Málaga, 1967): A red-glowing artifact, about five meters in diameter, illuminating a park at low altitude.
• Case 30 (Sevilla, 1968): An oval, bright orange object, about 1 to 1.20 meters in diameter, observed during a hunting trip.
• Case 31 (Jaén, 1968): A circular object, described as silver with intense metallic shine, observed at a significant altitude.
• Case 32 (Sevilla, 1968): A wingless, elongated, cigar-shaped object, white and silver, passing silently overhead.
• Case 33 (Sevilla, 1968): A similar cylindrical object observed shortly after the previous one.
• Case 34 (Sevilla, 1968): A bright white, dome-shaped object, followed by a round, bright, orange object.
• Case 35 (Sevilla, 1968): An oval object resembling a small bus with lights on top.
• Case 36 (Sevilla, 1968): A strong light woke a witness, revealing a large, star-like object moving slowly.
• Case 37 (Sevilla, 1968): A disc-shaped object, about 20 cm in apparent size, moving at high speed with a green light.
• Case 38 (Sevilla, 1968): A round, reddish object with a strong intermittent light, which suddenly descended.
• Case 39 (Huelva, 1968): An object from the sea, plate-shaped with a reddish light, moving at high speed.
• Case 40 (Huelva, 1968): An object larger than a star, round, reddish-yellow, with frequent intermittent flashes.

The UMMO Case and Bibliographical Review

The magazine also discusses the "UMMO" case, referencing a book by Father Enrique López Guerrero titled "MIRANDO A LA LEJANIA DEL UNIVERSO." This book is described as a theological thesis that attempts to reconcile Church doctrine with the UMMO phenomenon. The case originated from declarations published in the newspaper "ABC" in Seville in 1968, claiming that "UMMO-WOA" was Christ incarnated on Earth from the planet UMMO. The article notes that this sparked considerable public interest and led to the formation of groups receiving UMMO reports. It also mentions parallel investigations by Dr. William Spaulding and Claude Poher, who concluded that key photographic evidence related to the UMMO case (San José de Valderas photos) was fraudulent. The review suggests that while the theological content is outside its scope, the book presents documentary value and may inadvertently expose the potential fraud within the UMMO claims.

Editorial Stance and Themes

The issue emphasizes the importance of historical context in understanding UFO phenomena, suggesting that current interpretations often stem from fear of the unknown, similar to how ancient peoples attributed celestial events to gods. It advocates for a broader, historical-social perspective to analyze UFO evolution and interpretation. The magazine aims to provide a framework for understanding UFOs by examining past events and extrapolating cautiously for the future. It concludes that while the phenomenon is complex and often incomprehensible, a scientific approach, despite challenges, is necessary. The recurring themes include the historical presence of UFOs, the nature of language and communication, and the analysis of specific UFO cases, particularly those in Spain and the controversial UMMO case.