Cuadernos de Ufologia - 2a Epoca - No 15

Magazine Overview

Title: Cuadernos de Ufología
Issue: Nº 15, 2ª Epoca
Year: 1993
Publisher: REDACCIONES C.d.U.
Country: España
Language: Spanish

This issue of "Cuadernos de Ufología" (CdU) is dedicated to exploring the intricate relationship between the field of ufology and the genre of science fiction. The editors, Julio Arcas and Jose Ruesga, emphasize their commitment to a rational and balanced approach, aiming to strip away the mythical elements that have long surrounded the UFO phenomenon. They acknowledge the challenges of maintaining critical discourse amidst a public often swayed by sensationalism and misinformation.

Editorial: Entre Ufólogos "Sui Generis", Creyentes y Refutadores

The editorial, penned by Julio Arcas Gilardi and José Ruesga Montiel, reflects on the magazine's mission to re-establish itself with a focus on rational and balanced perspectives. They recall their initial project in 1986, aiming to demythologize the UFO phenomenon. Over the years, they have strived to foster critical thinking and systematic information gathering, distancing themselves from speculative and commercial approaches. The editorial laments the persistent 'old ghosts' of differing criteria, belief-based approaches, and the commercialization of the topic, which hinder a precise understanding. They assert that their chosen path, though less understood, prioritizes glimpses of truth over unprovable beliefs. The editorial also touches upon the role of commercial media and the public's appetite for sensationalism in perpetuating UFO myths. It specifically mentions the controversial nature of a dossier by advisor Ignacio Cabria, suggesting that its critical stance on UFO beliefs might provoke controversy.

Estudios: Lo Real y lo Ficticio en el Relato OVNI (The Real and the Fictional in UFO Narratives)

Authored by Hilary Evans (England), this extensive study examines the historical connections between science fiction and the development of UFO beliefs. Evans traces the origins of extraterrestrial narratives back to early 20th-century science fiction, particularly the works of H.G. Wells. He notes that in 1936, Wells, who had predicted an extraterrestrial invasion in "The War of the Worlds," also foresaw future events in his film "Things to Come." While Wells's work didn't explicitly feature extraterrestrials, the concept of alien threats was present.

In the United States, science fiction flourished due to a less immediate sense of external threat compared to Europe. The American cultural landscape, with its openness to spiritualism and other belief systems, provided fertile ground for imaginative narratives. Evans highlights how the "Golden Age" of science fiction in the 1920s, fueled by editors like Hugo Gernsback, presented ideas that were not merely imaginative but often predictive, shaping a mental climate where extraterrestrial contact was considered a plausible reality.

The pivotal event discussed is the 1938 Columbia Broadcasting System's Halloween broadcast of Orson Welles' adaptation of "The War of the Worlds." This broadcast, aired to an audience already conditioned by science fiction narratives, caused widespread panic, with many listeners believing they were experiencing a genuine Martian invasion. The article details the public's reaction, including abandoned homes and frantic calls, and the subsequent threats faced by Welles.

Evans connects this historical context to the post-World War II era, where technological advancements like V-rockets and the looming atomic threat, followed by the conflicts in Europe and the Pacific, kept the idea of external intervention alive. The "Foo Fighters" phenomenon during WWII also contributed to this. The article then pivots to the 1947 Kenneth Arnold sighting, which is presented as the catalyst for the "Flying Saucer Era." Arnold's report of objects flying at an unprecedented speed was widely interpreted as proof of extraterrestrial presence, despite potential for alternative explanations or modifications of the original account.

The article further explores how UFO reports, like the one from Guatemala involving "solid light beams," often mirrored imagery from science fiction. It compares early UFO sightings and illustrations with those found in science fiction magazines from the 1920s and 1930s, emphasizing the strong visual and thematic parallels. The author suggests that the public's perception of UFOs has been significantly shaped by the "Golden Age" of science fiction, creating a lasting mythos around flying saucers.

Dossier: Ufología en la C.E.I. (Ufology in the CEI)

This section focuses on ufology within the former Soviet bloc (C.E.I.).

Ufología en Rusia (Ufology in Russia)

By Boris Chourinov, this article delves into the history and nature of UFO observations in Russia. It notes that Russian UFOs are often characterized by "solid light beams" used to abduct humans. The article references a case from Guatemala as a typical example of this phenomenon.

Detección por Radar (Radar Detection)

Edward Ermilov discusses the use of radar in detecting UFOs, suggesting that radar observations have played a role in the study of these phenomena.

Instituto Investigador de Fenómenos Anómalos (RIAP) (Investigative Institute of Anomalous Phenomena)

Vladimir Rubtsov describes the RIAP, an organization dedicated to researching anomalous phenomena, likely including UFOs.

Forum

This section features reader contributions and responses to previous articles.

Aclaraciones al caso de Los Rodeos (Clarifications on the Los Rodeos Case)

Angel Luis Chinea Felipe provides clarifications regarding the well-known Los Rodeos UFO incident.

Comentarios a la "Nota Aclaratoria" (Comments on the "Clarification Note")

Ricardo Campo offers comments on a previously published "Clarification Note."

Aclaraciones sobre el C.E.I. (Clarifications on the CEI)

Pedro Redón Trabal provides further clarifications related to the CEI (former Soviet bloc) and its ufological context.

Bibliografía (Bibliography)

This section lists relevant books and publications related to ufology.

Collaborators and Representatives

The magazine lists its editors, advisors, collaborators, and representatives in various countries, including Argentina, Australia, the United States, Mexico, Portugal, and Spain. Notable figures include V.J. Ballester, Ignacio Cabria, Hilary Evans, Willy Smith, and various international ufologists.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

This issue strongly emphasizes the historical and cultural links between science fiction and the public's perception of UFOs. The editorial stance is clearly in favor of a rational, critical, and demythologized approach to ufology, distinguishing between verifiable phenomena and speculative beliefs or sensationalism. The magazine aims to provide a platform for serious study, free from the 'mythical baggage' that often surrounds the topic. The inclusion of a dossier on ufology in Russia and the former Soviet bloc indicates a broader international scope, while the forum section highlights reader engagement and ongoing debates within the ufological community.

This issue of La Domenica del Corriere, identified by its issue number '11', delves into the complex world of UFO phenomena, alien encounters, and the mythology that surrounds them. The magazine uses a combination of illustrations, historical references, and detailed witness testimonies to explore these topics. The content suggests a deep connection between reported sightings, fictional narratives, and the public's fascination with the unknown.

Cover and Visuals

The cover features a collage of illustrations, hinting at the diverse and often dramatic nature of UFO encounters. These visuals range from early depictions of alien spacecraft reminiscent of H.G. Wells' 'The War of the Worlds' to more contemporary portrayals of alien abductions and humanoid figures. The accompanying text on the cover and within the magazine often references 'C.F.' (likely referring to 'Conte de Fées' or fairy tales/fiction) as a source of these imagery and narratives, suggesting a long-standing tradition of such stories.

Thematic Exploration: UFOs and Fiction

The magazine posits that many elements of modern UFO accounts, such as alien beings with specific characteristics or the concept of abduction, have roots in earlier science fiction and speculative literature. It draws parallels between contemporary reports and illustrations from the 1930s, suggesting that the 'myth' of the UFO has evolved over time but shares common themes. The article "VICTORIA (ER): CASO EN EL 'HOGAR GENERAL SAN MARTIN'" by Dr. Roberto Banchs and Lic. Silvia C. Andretta is a significant portion of the issue, detailing a series of UFO sightings and events in Victoria, Argentina, starting in July 1991. This section highlights how the town became a focal point for UFO interest, attracting tourists and media attention.

The Victoria, Argentina Case

The Victoria case is presented as a series of events, including luminous phenomena, sightings of lights over rivers and fields, and visits from 'specialists.' The article emphasizes the role of local journalist Ramón Pereyra in documenting these events and how the town transformed into a hub for UFO enthusiasts. The narrative suggests that the phenomenon in Victoria has been ongoing for years, with Pereyra acting as a central figure in disseminating information.

Witness Testimonies from Hogar General San Martín

A substantial part of the issue is dedicated to the testimonies of individuals who witnessed an event at the Hogar General San Martín on August 13, 1991. The testimonies come from Roberto Pérez (a resident), Miguel Angel Dionisio (economic secretary), and Fidel René (celador-sereno). These accounts describe observing strong lights, descending figures, and a disc-like object. The witnesses describe the figures as having legs and moving as if in gravity, but with unusual upper bodies. They note the lights were bright and natural, not like vehicle headlights. The event lasted for a few minutes, and the witnesses were left in a state of shock and awe.

#### Roberto Pérez's Account

Pérez, a young man with a difficult background, describes seeing two lights that formed a triangle, followed by a single light from which two dark figures descended. He perceived them as having bodies and heads different from humans, with legs that moved as if walking. He initially thought they were human-like but later described their heads as raised. He also mentions seeing a white, disc-shaped object.

#### Miguel Angel Dionisio's Account

Dionisio corroborates the sighting of two lights moving in a circle, then a single bright light that descended near the road. He describes seeing two pairs of legs, appearing to be of normal size and wearing common pants, moving as if in gravity. He emphasizes that the light was localized and did not project like a spotlight. He also notes the figures were dark and the light had yellowish and reddish borders.

#### Fidel René's Account

René, a celador-sereno, also witnessed the lights and figures. He describes seeing two people, observing the lower part of their bodies from the waist down. He noted two pairs of legs, but could not distinguish their color. He states that the figures were not short like dwarves, and their size was normal. He also mentions seeing them in common pants. René's account differs slightly in that he did not observe the object itself as clearly as Dionisio, focusing more on the lights and the figures' legs.

Analysis and Interpretation

The issue presents an analysis of the interviews, noting Roberto Pérez's difficult personality and his feeling of being manipulated by the press. It highlights his unique experience of seeing more of the figures than the other witnesses. The magazine explores three hypotheses for the similarities between UFO accounts and fiction: coincidence, inspiration from extraterrestrials, or the unconscious transformation of fantasies into pre-existing ideas. The article concludes by suggesting that the UFO phenomenon has a long history, manifesting in different forms throughout human history but solidifying into the modern UFO myth in the last fifty years.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue are the persistent presence of UFO sightings throughout history, the uncanny resemblance between these sightings and fictional narratives, and the detailed recounting of personal experiences by witnesses. The editorial stance appears to be one of serious investigation into these phenomena, presenting witness accounts without immediate dismissal, while also acknowledging the potential for misinterpretation, psychological factors, and the influence of popular culture and fiction on perceptions. The magazine seems to lean towards the idea that while some aspects might be explained by fiction or psychological phenomena, there remains a core of unexplained events that warrant further study.

This issue of "BLUE BOOK PEARLS" focuses on analyzing UFO cases, with a prominent article by Dr. Willy Smith (Proyecto UNICAT) detailing the Anchorage, Alaska incident from May 1954. The magazine also includes discussions on witness testimonies, psychological interpretations of sightings, and critiques of historical UFO investigation projects.

Anchorage, AK Incident Analysis

The article by Dr. Willy Smith revisits a case from the May 1954 edition of "True" magazine, featuring an account by Captain Edward E. Ruppelt, former head of Project Blue Book. Ruppelt discussed seven cases that the project could not resolve. The specific incident analyzed occurred on February 16, 1953, involving a C-47 aircraft piloted by Major J. H. Lemon with Captain E. S. Cramer as instructor. At approximately 23:50 local time, near Turnagain Arm, south of Anchorage, Alaska, the pilots observed a round red light. This light moved parallel to their aircraft at an estimated speed of 300 knots. Initially below the horizon, it ascended, brightened significantly, and then stopped, hovering for five minutes. Elmendorf AFB Tower reported no other air traffic. The C-47 attempted an intercept, but the light accelerated, decreased in size, turned a brilliant red, and disappeared in 45 seconds on a course of 270-290. The incident lasted fifteen minutes, with the observers maintaining visual contact. The article questions why Ruppelt included this case, noting that it was not officially discredited at the time and that official Blue Book files indicated the light was unexplained. A report dated February 20, 1953, by Robert M. Gallart, initially classified the incident as B-6, meaning 'unexplained'.

A similar incident occurred the following night, February 17, 1953, at Elmendorf AFB, observed by five members of Air Police Squadron #39. This second incident, also in the Blue Book archives, is presented as a potential confirmation of the first, with the light described similarly.

Victoria, Argentina Case Study

The magazine presents an analysis of a case from Victoria, Argentina, which occurred on August 13, 1991. The article explores the subjective nature of reality and how a witness's account can elevate them to a 'protagonist' status. Four witnesses were involved, three of whom reported seeing "two pairs of legs (or paws)", while only Roberto Pérez claimed to have seen "two complete persons" with undulating movements. The analysis suggests that these figures might represent the witness's missing parents, fulfilling a psychological need. Miguel Dionisio is highlighted as a key witness who provided detailed information, though he is described as having histrionic and extroverted traits, possibly seeking validation. The incident is noted to have had consequences for all involved.

Psychological and Cultural Interpretations

Further analysis of the Victoria case delves into the idea that "I have to see it to believe it." It suggests that Miguel Dionisio's daughter's request to see UFOs might have influenced his experience. The article posits that the witness's personal history and cultural background condition their perception. The widespread reporting of unusual phenomena in Victoria is seen as a factor that may have led to an increase in reports and subsequent retroalimentación.

Critiques of Project Blue Book and UFO Investigations

Several sections critically examine the methods and conclusions of Project Blue Book. The article points out apparent discrepancies between Captain Ruppelt's article in 'True' magazine and the official Blue Book files, suggesting that some cases were omitted from Ruppelt's later book to avoid embarrassment. The authors argue that the purpose of Project Blue Book was not to find solutions but to mitigate potential danger by discrediting cases and ridiculing witnesses. The case of the February 16, 1953 incident, initially unexplained, was later reclassified as 'Astro (Vega)' or attributed to possible refraction, despite the pilots' descriptions being inconsistent with astronomical explanations. The article implies manipulation in the classification process, citing the re-evaluation of cases in September 1963 under Major Quintanilla, a period characterized by efforts to reduce unknown cases.

Other Articles and Sections

Observation OVNI desde Cataluña, 31/3/93

This section reports on a luminous phenomenon witnessed by numerous people in Catalonia, Spain, on March 31, 1993. The objects were later identified by scientific organizations, NASA, and NORAD as the re-entry of the third stage of the Russian rocket CYCLONE M.

UMMO: ¿Un Fraude en Busca de Autor?

This piece discusses the UMMO affair, a case that generated significant controversy. It references a previous dossier and mentions investigator José Luis Jordán Peña. Recently, Jordán Peña reportedly admitted to creating the UMMO myth, stating it began as an idea to contrast the 'Anubis syndrome' myth. The article expresses skepticism about the UMMO phenomenon and notes that Jean Pierre Petit, a scientist from CNES, defended its veracity.

II Encuentro Ufólogos Extremadura

This section covers the Second Extremadura Ufologists Meeting held in Villanueva de la Serena. The event featured presentations by various investigators, including Saturnino Mendoza and José Mª Casas Huguet, who discussed paranormal research and the phenomenon of abductions. A debate arose between Mendoza's theories and Huguet's mental theory of abductions. The session included a screening of the film "COMMUNION" based on Whitley Strieber's book.

De Aviones a Barcos Fantasmas

A brief mention of the "Sea Shadow," a stealth catamaran developed by the US Navy, is included, comparing its stealth technology to that of the "F-117" stealth aircraft.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue revolve around the analysis of unexplained aerial phenomena, the reliability of witness testimony, and the psychological factors influencing perception. There is a strong critical stance towards official investigations, particularly Project Blue Book, which is accused of manipulating data and discrediting witnesses. The magazine appears to advocate for a more open and thorough investigation of UFO cases, questioning the official explanations provided and highlighting the potential for psychological and cultural influences on reported sightings.

This issue of ANALISIS, dated June 1993, focuses on the event that never happened and delves into various aspects of ufology, including alleged cover-ups, historical cases, and the state of research in Russia and internationally.

The Event That Never Happened (El Suceso Que Nunca Ocurrio)

The main article on pages 32-33 investigates a sensationalized report from two young men in the Canary Islands who claimed to have witnessed a military operation near Teide on October 12, 1992. They described seeing yellow Jeeps and large military trucks, road blockades due to landslides, and a powerful beam of light illuminating Teide. They interpreted this as a covert military operation to retrieve an object that had fallen from space, likening it to a Spanish Roswell. However, investigations by Diario de Las Palmas and official sources, including the Government Civil and the 151st Civil Guard Command, found no evidence of unusual phenomena or military activity. The official explanation for the road closures was safety measures following a rockfall. The article concludes that the young men's story is likely a product of "excess imagination" and that any rational investigator should consider the event fraudulent unless proof is provided.

Ufology Conference in Curitiba

Page 31 reports on the II International Ufology Conference held in Curitiba, Brazil, from June 10-13, attended by over 400 people. Dr. Roberto Banchs from Argentina, who was an invited speaker, observed that the primary research topic was alien abduction, with a speculative hypothesis suggesting mass abductions, micro-system implants, and genetic manipulation to create a new race. Banchs expressed concern about the potential psychological dangers of such theories, including feelings of persecution and loss of reality, warning that individuals might be susceptible to joining cult-like groups.

UFO Survey of the Civil Guard

Page 34 details a national survey of the Spanish Civil Guard (Guardia Civil) aimed at collecting information on UFO sightings. The project, coordinated by V.J. Ballester Olmos and Joan Plana of the Centro de Estudios Interplanetarios (CEI), seeks to systematically gather and analyze reports of anomalous atmospheric phenomena witnessed by members of the Civil Guard. CEI specialists will use rigorous scientific methods for analysis. The article also appeals to readers who know of UFO sightings involving military personnel to report them for investigation.

Statistical Map and Alternative Movements

Also on page 34, the "Statistical Map" section introduces the "Siddartha/Aura" association, composed mainly of psychology students, which aims to disseminate information about the New Age movement. Siddartha/Aura is calling for UFO research groups to submit information on past, present, and future UFO cases to create a statistical map of the Iberian Peninsula, correlating UFOs with Marian apparitions, Templars, and Dolmens.

MUFON's Financial Growth and the Gulf Breeze Case

Pages 35 discusses the MUFON UFO Journal and its financial success, particularly in relation to the controversial Gulf Breeze UFO case. The article notes a significant increase in subscriptions following the publication of the Ed Walters UFO photographs in November 1987, which reportedly boosted MUFON's income substantially. The author criticizes MUFON's editorial policy for promoting what they consider "fantasies" and for not allowing dissenting voices, suggesting that the organization's focus on financial gain may compromise its scientific integrity.

Boris Chourinov and Ufology in Russia

Pages 36-37 introduce Boris Chourinov, a Russian ufologist who became involved in the field in 1975. Chourinov, a linguist by training, has authored books on UFOs and the Soviet Union, including "Paradoja del siglo XX" (Paradox of the 20th Century). He is described as having the largest private library on ufological matters and has been a consultant for films. The article highlights the limited availability of information on Soviet ufology in the West, citing Ion Hobana and Julien Weverbergh's 1972 book as a key source, though it only covers cases up to 1971. Another book by J.L. Degaudenzi is dismissed as "science fiction."

Historical UFO Cases in Russia

Pages 38-40 present historical UFO sightings and phenomena in Russia. The article details the 1663 Rob-Ozéro (Rob Lake) incident, where a large, flaming object was observed for an extended period. It also mentions UFO reports from 1913-1914, characterized by sightings of "dirigibles" and "planes" with powerful projectors. The famous Tunguska event of 1908 is revisited, with the article noting that after initial theories of a meteorite, science fiction author A. Kazantsev proposed in 1946 that the Tunguska "meteorite" might have been a Martian spaceship that exploded during an attempted landing.

Paleocontact Theory

Page 40 touches upon the Paleocontact theory, referencing the work of N. Rynine, Modest Agrest, and Viatchélav Zaïtsev. These researchers explored the idea that Earth has been visited by extraterrestrial beings in the past, using arguments based on biblical passages, Hindu epics, and ancient legends. Zaïtsev's work, particularly his hypothesis that Earth has been visited by "gods from the cosmos," is noted as being well-known in Russia and influencing Western researchers like Jacques Bergier and Erich von Danïken.

Stalin Knew?

Page 40 briefly mentions a 1952 CIA report by Marshall Chadwell concerning intelligence problems related to UFOs in the USSR, suggesting that the Soviet silence on UFOs was a concern for the United States.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The issue consistently questions sensationalized UFO reports, emphasizing the need for evidence and rational analysis, as seen in the Teide incident article. There's a critical stance towards organizations that may prioritize financial gain over scientific rigor, exemplified by the MUFON analysis. The historical accounts, while presented, are often framed within the context of scientific investigation and the challenges of interpreting past events. The overall editorial stance appears to be one of cautious skepticism towards unsubstantiated claims, while acknowledging the genuine interest in UFO phenomena and the importance of rigorous research, particularly in the context of Russian ufology.

This issue of 'DOSSIER' focuses on the history and development of ufology within the Soviet Union, spanning from the Stalin era through the 1960s and 1970s. It details key figures, significant sightings, and the often-fraught relationship between UFO research and the Soviet scientific and political establishment.

The Early Years and Stalin's Involvement

The issue begins by addressing the 'present level of Russian knowledge regarding the phenomena,' 'possible Soviet intention and capabilities to utilize the phenomena to the detriment of US security interests,' and 'the reasons for silence in the Soviet Press regarding flying saucers.' It posits that before 1991, it was difficult to present UFO events chronologically due to academic detractors. However, a significant revelation is attributed to Dr. Valéry Bourdakov, who claimed that Stalin was aware of unusual observations. In 1947, Stalin allegedly tasked S. Korolev with studying foreign books and periodicals on UFOs. Korolev reportedly concluded that flying saucers posed no threat and were not a secret weapon of an enemy, suggesting the phenomenon existed and warranted further study. The text notes that while Korolev was interested, he did not have time to pursue the matter further in his lifetime. This information is presented as crucial, suggesting a complex interplay between UFO proponents, scientists minimizing the issue, and journalists seeking sensational news.

The narrative then shifts to the post-Stalin era, noting that Stalin died in 1953 and Soviet ufology 'was born in 1956.' His successors, it is implied, had more pressing concerns than a few ufologists.

Yuri Fomine and the Rise of Ufology

In 1956, Yuri Fomine, a candidate for a doctorate in sciences, became intrigued by articles on unidentified flying objects. He began studying the subject and gave popular lectures. The text suggests that a method to discredit serious interest in UFOs was to portray it as unserious. The 'Pravda' newspaper, in January 1961, declared the non-existence of the problem and labeled believers as 'imbeciles.' Yuri Fomine reportedly faced pressure to publicly recant his views but persisted.

The Korb-Ozero Incident

A significant case detailed is the Korb-Ozero incident, described as unparalleled in world ufology. On April 27, 1961, a forest ranger named Vassili Brodski examined the area around a frozen lake. He discovered an elongated trench that led into the lake. Military specialists were called in, and they found a 27-meter long, 15-meter wide, and 3-meter deep trench with no displaced earth. Submariners noted that the lakebed was displaced by an unknown force, leaving a 20-meter long footprint and a mound. Granules of black, friable material were found, which exhibited a metallic sheen and resisted acids, suggesting an artificial origin. The submerged ice was green, and the military kept the case secret until 1967.

Accumulating Observations and the Menzel Influence

The issue highlights the translation of Donald H. Menzel's 'Flying Saucers' in 1961 and its subsequent influence in the Soviet Union in 1962, where it was used to dismiss UFO sightings as misidentifications of mundane objects. The book became a 'Bible' for anti-UFO proponents.

Félix Ziguel: A Central Figure

The magazine dedicates significant attention to Félix Ziguel, a professor of mathematics and astronomy who founded scientific ufology in the Soviet Union. Despite the prevailing skepticism, Ziguel actively pursued the study of UFOs. He organized the first Soviet section for UFO research in 1967 at the Aviation and Cosmonautics House. Following a television appearance, numerous reports of observations flooded in, but the section was soon shut down, making publication difficult.

Ziguel continued his work, facing censorship and academic opposition. He published books, including 'The Inhabited Cosmos,' though often in expurgated versions. In 1974, he formed another group to study UFOs and organized a special seminar, 'OVNI 77.' Despite facing criticism and harassment, Ziguel remained dedicated, leading a group of enthusiasts and compiling extensive collections of UFO observations.

Key Sightings and Investigations

Several specific sightings are detailed:

• Bologoye, 1964: Assistant Professor V. Zaitsev observed a large, bright metal disc flying alongside a TU-104 aircraft.
• N/A (Lens-shaped disc): Astronomers estimated a lens-shaped disc to be 325 feet across, with a central sphere and three surrounding spheres that rotated and moved away.
• Elista, June 17, 1966: Geophysicists observed a reddish, disc-shaped object that fell rapidly, changed color, and transformed into a bright blue cloud.
• Sujumi, 1965: L. Tsékhanovtich observed a strange object emitting flashes.
• Ogra, July 26, 1965: Astronomers observed an unusual star-like object that resolved into a disc with spheres.
• Perjúshkovo, October 20, 1984: An investigation into a 'close encounter' is mentioned.
• Tchékov, August 20, 1977: Witnesses reported a footprint after observing an object.
• Strokina, May 3, 1978: A doctor observed a cigar-shaped object.
• Istra, July 16, 1979: A witness reported a mushroom-shaped object with two beings nearby.

Government Reactions and Committee Dissolution

The issue describes the formation of a UFO committee in 1967, led by General P. Stoliarov and with Félix Ziguel as his deputy. However, this committee never met. A UFO Section was created within the Cosmonautics Committee of DOSAAF in October 1967. Following a television announcement about the section, it was dissolved by the Central Committee of DOSAAF in November 1967, with the organizers not even invited to the meeting.

Despite the dissolution, the narrative suggests that the government did not entirely abandon the study of UFOs. A decree in October 1967 reportedly created a 'Permanent Cosmonautical Commission of the USSR' to study UFOs, with Professor Félix Ziguel named.

International Cooperation and Soviet Stance

In 1968, Professor Félix Ziguel received a letter from Dr. Frederick Seitz, President of the US National Academy of Sciences, exploring the possibility of cooperation between Soviet and Colorado UFO projects. However, no answer was received, and a UN official opined that no UFO study was being conducted in the Soviet Union. Low also met with a Soviet Embassy official in Washington to express interest in cooperation, but no further contacts were made.

The 'Pravda' newspaper published an article in February 1968 stating that no unidentified objects had been observed over Soviet territory that could not be explained. It dismissed witnesses as liars or lacking scientific training. The Soviet Academy of Sciences subsequently denounced the UFO commission, citing 'sensationalist tendencies' and 'unscientific spirit.'

Later Developments and Vladimir Ajaja

The issue touches upon the publication of 'The Inhabited Cosmos' in 1972, which notably excluded chapters on UFOs and did not feature Ziguel. A second volume of 'Observaciones OVNI en la URSS' was prepared in 1975, described as a supplement to the first, noting that systematic UFO information gathering had ceased after February 29, 1968.

In 1977, Vladimir Ajaja emerged on the Soviet ufology scene, giving well-received lectures. Despite criticism from some academics, his popularity grew. The text suggests that Ajaja's work was largely based on Félix Ziguel's compiled information, and that he may have used the UFO phenomenon for personal gain.

The Petrozavodsk Incident

The Petrozavodsk incident, occurring on September 20, 1977, involved a phenomenon described as a 'medusa' that emitted light beams over the city. It transformed into a clear semicircle and moved towards Lake Onega, where a red and blue hole appeared on the surface. Meteorological services reported no similar phenomena, and the cause remained an enigma.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes throughout this issue are the persistent interest in UFO phenomena within the Soviet Union, the challenges faced by researchers in a restrictive political climate, and the often-contradictory official responses. The editorial stance appears to be one of documenting the history of Soviet ufology, highlighting key individuals like Félix Ziguel and presenting various sightings and investigations, while also acknowledging the skepticism and suppression encountered.

This issue of 'Dossier' focuses on UFO phenomena and ufological activities within the Soviet Union, spanning from the late 1970s to the late 1980s. It highlights specific incidents, the challenges of research in a closed society, and the evolution of ufological discourse.

The Petrozavodsk Incident and Official Reactions

The issue begins by detailing the Petrozavodsk incident of September 20, 1977, where numerous witnesses reported seeing a luminous sphere. The report notes that the initial TASS dispatch was similar to other witness accounts, but a subsequent article in 'Pravda' attempted to downplay the event by suggesting it was a large meteorite, attributing this to 'scholars.' The article questions the identity of these scholars and points out the attempt to minimize the event's significance.

Ufological Research and Organization Efforts

The magazine discusses the attempts to organize ufological research in the USSR. In 1981, a symposium was held in Kiev, followed by efforts in Leningrad to unite dispersed ufological groups. These efforts were often hampered by ideological interference, leading to clandestine meetings. By 1984, a more solid commission was proposed, headed by V. Troitsky, but internal conflicts and a desire to control archives led to its fragmentation. The text mentions that over 13,000 letters documenting observations were collected but have since been lost.

Key Incidents and Witness Testimonies

Several specific cases are presented:

• Helsinki: A luminous sphere was observed by airport control.
• Leningrad: Astronomers observed a sphere moving from south to north.
• Petrozavodsk: An ex-pilot reported a UFO moving from east to west.
• Carelia (1980): Two forest guards reported an encounter with a 'pale and cadaverous' extraterrestrial after witnessing an unusual landing. This case is presented with skepticism regarding V. Ajaja's sensationalized retelling.
• Tslachtchévo (1980): A witness claimed to have been taken into an invisible object and saw two beings.
• Moscow Region (1980): A pilot observed a hovering 'saucer' emitting a powerful beam.
• Bielorrusia (1984): A freight train encountered a luminous sphere, causing the train to become uncontrollable.
• Bielorrusia (1984): Two Aeroflot aircraft crews observed a UFO, leading to a tragic outcome for one of the pilots.

Hypotheses and Theoretical Discussions

The issue explores various hypotheses regarding UFO origins, including the extraterrestrial hypothesis (HET), which was popular among some Soviet ufologists like Alexander Kazantsev. It also touches upon F. Ziguel's views, noting the communication barriers between Soviet and Western ufologists. Theoretical discussions on multidimensional space and the nature of matter are also presented, suggesting that our current understanding of physics might be incomplete.

The Role of Individuals and Media

The publication critiques the sensationalism introduced by certain figures, particularly V. Ajaja, who is accused of fabricating details and seeking personal gain. The role of the media, including official agencies like TASS and newspapers like 'Pravda,' is examined, highlighting how information was controlled, manipulated, or satirized.

International Connections and Perceptions

Efforts by Soviet ufologists to connect with their Western counterparts are discussed, including V.I. Sanarov's requests for publications. The article notes that while Soviet ufologists possessed significant information about Western research, the language barrier and translation issues often led to misunderstandings.

The 'Cosmos' Exhibition and the End of an Era

A significant event was the 1988 'Cosmos' exhibition in Moscow, the first national exhibition dedicated to UFOs. Despite the lifting of censorship, the article suggests that some organizers were overlooked, and sensationalism continued to play a role. The issue also marks the death of ufologist F. Ziguel in November 1988, described as the end of an era.

Post-Glasnost Ufology

The period following the lifting of censorship in May 1989 is characterized as a 'renaissance' that quickly devolved into 'degeneration.' The article points out how some individuals exploited the new openness to profit from the public's interest in the paranormal and occult, leading to a proliferation of unsubstantiated claims and sensationalist reporting.

Specific Cases and Critiques

Further details are provided on specific cases, including the alleged 'hidden saucer' found in Estonia, which led to a government investigation and subsequent prohibition of publication. The article also critiques the sensationalist approach of V. Ajaja, who is accused of altering facts and creating elaborate narratives. The issue touches upon the complex and often contradictory nature of Soviet ufological research, where genuine scientific inquiry sometimes coexisted with charlatanism and propaganda.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue include the struggle for transparency and scientific rigor in ufological research within the Soviet Union, the impact of political and ideological control on the dissemination of information, and the persistent tension between genuine investigation and sensationalism. The editorial stance appears critical of unsubstantiated claims and manipulative practices, advocating for a more grounded and evidence-based approach to the study of UFO phenomena, while acknowledging the existence of unexplained events.

This issue of DOSSIER, spanning pages 61-70, focuses heavily on the complex and often contentious landscape of ufology in Russia and the former Soviet Union during the late 1980s and early 1990s. The content is primarily in Spanish, with some English excerpts. It details internal conflicts, alleged fraud, and the rise of 'ufological tourism,' particularly highlighting the activities of Valery Ajaja.

Key Articles and Content

The 'Ajaja Phenomenon' and Ufological Scandals

The central theme revolves around Valery Ajaja, depicted as a controversial figure in Russian ufology. Several articles accuse him of self-promotion, financial impropriety, and spreading misinformation. The text details how Ajaja allegedly manipulated organizations, forged signatures (including that of P. Popovich), and presented fabricated cases and photos as genuine evidence. His activities are contrasted with the efforts of genuine researchers and organizations aiming to bring scientific rigor to the field.

Formation and Conflicts within Ufological Organizations

The issue chronicles the establishment of ufological associations in post-Soviet Russia, such as the 'Association Ufologica' and the 'UFOS (Ufological Society)'. It highlights the internal power struggles and disputes, particularly within Ajaja's association, where financial irregularities and a lack of adherence to statutes are reported. The UFOS, established in March 1992, positions itself as a scientific and cooperative body, actively opposing Ajaja's methods and aiming to clean up the reputation of Russian ufology abroad.

Marina Popovich and 'Ufological Tourism'

Marina Popovich, a former Soviet Air Force Colonel and cosmonaut, is featured prominently. Her presentations and claims, particularly regarding UFO sightings in the Soviet Union, are discussed. The concept of 'ufological tourism' is introduced, suggesting that international congresses have become a platform for self-promotion rather than serious scientific inquiry, with individuals like Ajaja and Popovich benefiting from this trend.

Specific UFO Cases and Investigations

Several alleged UFO incidents are mentioned:

• Voronezh Sighting: A report from TASS mentions a large shining ball or disk seen hovering over a park in Voronezh.
• Perm Incident: A journalist and a ufologist from Perm are mentioned, with the latter abandoning ufology.
• Underwater UFO Base: A case involving Captain Nikolai Petrov of the destroyer 'Vladimir Vorobiev' reporting an underwater UFO base is detailed. This incident, occurring in the Sea of Japan in January 1990, is presented as well-documented but is also linked to Ajaja's past promotion of similar cases.
• Stolovaia Mountain Incident: A photo of a supposed extraterrestrial aircraft shot down over Mount Stolovaia in March 1983 is discussed, with Valery Uvarov providing details.

Critiques of Ufological Practices

The articles express strong criticism of the methods employed by some ufologists, particularly Ajaja. They point out the lack of logic, seriousness, and scientific grounding in many declarations, which they argue inflict harm on the field. The issue also touches upon the challenges faced by researchers in navigating a landscape filled with sensationalism and personal agendas.

International Interactions

There are references to interactions with international ufological communities, including invitations to symposia in Japan, the USA (Tucson, Berkeley, Las Vegas), and Germany. These events are often portrayed as opportunities for Russian ufologists to gain international exposure, sometimes through questionable means.

Legal and Bureaucratic Aspects

The role of the Russian Ministry of Justice is mentioned in relation to the registration of ufological organizations. The UFOS emphasizes its legal registration and contrasts it with Ajaja's alleged unregistered associations.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue are the pervasive nature of fraud and misinformation within ufology, the commercialization of the field through 'ufological tourism,' and the struggle to maintain scientific integrity amidst sensationalism and personal agendas. The editorial stance is clearly critical of figures like Valery Ajaja, portraying him as a central antagonist whose actions have damaged the credibility of Russian ufology. There is a strong emphasis on exposing these deceptions and advocating for a more rigorous, scientific approach to the study of UFO phenomena. The articles suggest that while the Soviet Union's dissolution created new opportunities, it also exacerbated existing problems within the ufological community, leading to increased internal conflicts and a proliferation of dubious claims.

This document is a scanned issue of a publication titled "DOSSIER," featuring content primarily in Spanish, with some English correspondence. The issue number appears to be 71, and it includes a date of June 16, 1992, associated with Dr. Vladimir G. Azhazha. The document is heavily focused on UFO phenomena, controversies within the Soviet UFO Association, and personal disputes among ufologists.

Correspondence and Disputes

The issue opens with a letter addressed to "My Dear Friend Vladi" from "Colman and Yoland," dated June 10th. This letter confirms receipt of a "slanderous letter" about Vladi's activity within the Soviet UFO Association, allegedly sent by Sergey V. Romanov. Colman and Yoland express their intention not to offend Vladi and emphasize their long-standing friendship. They dismiss Romanov's accusations as "concocted and fabricated lies," citing Vladi's continued directorship of the Soviet UFO Association as proof of General Pavel Popovich's satisfaction with his work. The letter also touches upon personal intimidation and the acceptance of scientists in the UFO field. A postscript from Jacques Vallée, also in Spanish, references a French proverb about dogs barking while the caravan passes, suggesting a dismissal of baseless criticism. He also notes the inimitable capacity for slander attributed to V. Ajaja.

Another section features a letter from Dr. Vladimir G. Azhazha, identified as an academic and Director of the Soviet UFO Association, addressed to his "Mi querido amigo Vladi." Azhazha confirms receiving a defamatory letter about Vladi's activities within the Soviet UFO Association, sent by V. Romanov. He reiterates that his response was not intended to offend and that Romanov's personal insults went beyond their established relationships. Azhazha stresses that the "whole case is an 'internal affair' of the Soviet UFO Association" and that General Pavel Popovich would preserve the organization's prestige. He asserts that Vladi's continued directorship validates his stance and dismisses Romanov's accusations as invented lies. Azhazha shares his own experiences of intimidation as a military UFO research scientist and suggests that Vladi's acceptance as a UFO scientist is contingent on facing such accusations. The letter concludes with warm regards to Vladi, his wife Alla, and Yolanda.

Analysis of V. Ajaja and Ufological Hypotheses

The document critically examines the work and statements of V. Ajaja. It questions his claims about UFOs originating from Earth and traveling through space, referencing his statements about the "Intergalactic Spacecrafts operation." The text suggests that V. Ajaja uses letters from Jacques Vallée and Colman S. Von Keviczky as a "cover" and disseminates them widely, along with a "military certificate," to bolster his claims. The article details how Sergey Romanov, an aviation engineer and veteran ufologist, attempted to keep foreign researchers informed about Russian UFO news by translating a letter from Valéry Khatchanov. However, Romanov's efforts were apparently misguided.

The role of General Pavel Popovitch is portrayed as that of a puppet manipulated by V. Ajaja. The text alleges that Popovich, as ex-president of the former UFO Association, allowed Ajaja to act without control, violating statutes and falsifying documents. A newspaper article in "Troud" is mentioned as having published unflattering content regarding foreign ufologists' beliefs. The authors contrast the alleged actions of individuals like Von Keviczky, Vallée, and Haines with those of Ajaja, implying a double standard in how such actions are perceived.

Ufological Claims and Criticisms

The article scrutinizes various ufological claims, particularly those attributed to V. Ajaja. It questions the origin of his statistics on abductions, noting his vague response that he "read it somewhere." Ajaja's claim that his center sent photos of missing persons to mediums, resulting in 5,500 abductions out of 91,000 disappearances, is presented as a significant, potentially national-level tragedy. The text also references reports of missing children in Italy to provide context.

Media Influence and Ufology

The section "LOS MEDIAS Y LA UFOLOGIA" discusses the influence of American media, citing Hilar Evans, Hopkins, and Strieber as figures who shaped public opinion, leading to reports of "abductions." It suggests a cyclical relationship where media sensationalism is met with sensational stories from the public. The article notes that in Russia, the ET hypothesis is not dominant, and socio-psychological explanations are more prevalent in Europe. The text criticizes the Russian ufological community for not engaging with socio-psychological theories.

Specific Cases and Hypotheses

The document mentions the "El Colegio Invisible" and "Operation Trojan Horse" hypotheses. It highlights a theory about "field forms" proposed by Kaznatchéev, which Ajaja reportedly discussed with seriousness. The text also touches upon the idea of "OVN-esferas" (invisible spheres) and refers to Luciano Boccone's book "UFO - la realta nascosta." The issue of "black spheres" observed in Volgogrado and Moscow is presented with photographic evidence.

Creatures and Encounters

Stories about "creatures that drag themselves exhausted" are discussed, including alleged encounters between "ulonautas" (UFO occupants) and Soviet soldiers. A specific case from Gdynia, Poland, in 1959, describes the discovery of an exhausted being on the shore, which later died. Another report from the "National Examiner" in 1968 about a "Space monster found dead" is also mentioned.

The Language Problem in Ufology

A significant portion of the text is dedicated to the "EL PROBLEMA DEL IDIOMA" (The Language Problem). It criticizes Jacques Vallée for misinterpreting a case of UFO observation in the USSR from the magazine "Ogoriok," mistaking a discoplane built by Dr. Soukhanov for a genuine UFO. The article argues that understanding multiple languages, particularly English and French, is crucial for serious ufological research, and that a single-language approach limits the field.

The Return to Hypotheses

This section contrasts the extraterrestrial (ET) hypothesis with the socio-psychological hypothesis, noting the prevalence of the latter in Europe. It suggests that in Russia, ufologists are often unaware of these distinctions. The text also discusses the concept of "parallel universes" and the work of ufologists like A.Kousovkine and Luciano Boccone.

UFOs in the USSR and Russia

The document details various UFO observations and research activities in the Soviet Union and Russia. It mentions the investigation of "black spheres" in Moscow and the alleged discovery of a large object over an airport. The text also discusses the phenomenon of "crashed UFOs," citing a case from Korb-ozero in 1961 where a UFO allegedly crashed and its occupants were recovered by the KGB.

Critiques of Russian Ufology

The article expresses strong criticism of certain aspects of Russian ufology, labeling some individuals as "ufólogos-basura" (trash ufologists). It describes the "Ajaja-Sanarov-Ouvarov-Marina Popovitch" phenomenon as a "catastrophe." The author reflects on a 1991 presentation in Lyon, describing the situation in the Soviet Union as a "festival of the enlightened, of contactees, of people who tell whatever they please," calling it a "theater of the absurd."

Notes and References

The latter part of the document consists of extensive notes and references, citing numerous books, articles, and publications related to UFO research, primarily focusing on Soviet and Russian cases and authors. These references provide a detailed bibliography for the claims and discussions presented throughout the issue.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes include the alleged fabrication of evidence, personal disputes and slander within the ufological community, the influence of media on public perception of UFOs, and the challenges of international communication and understanding in ufology. The editorial stance is critical of sensationalism and unsubstantiated claims, particularly those associated with V. Ajaja, while advocating for rigorous scientific inquiry and multilingualism in the field. There is a clear skepticism towards certain Russian ufologists and their methods, contrasted with a more measured approach to international UFO research.

This issue of the magazine, identified as issue number 14 and potentially volume 14, is dated January-February 1991. The main cover headline is "DETECCION OVNI POR RADAR" (UFO Detection by Radar), presented as a "DOSSIER". The article is authored by Edward A. Ermilov, who is identified as a Candidate for Doctorate in Sciences and Assistant Professor from Nizhny Novgorod, Russia. The magazine is published by "CdU" and appears to be from Spain, with the original language being Spanish.

Detection of UFOs by Radar

The lead article by Edward A. Ermilov explores the challenges and scientific basis for detecting UFOs using radar. Ermilov notes that a total consensus on the origin and physical nature of UFOs has not yet been reached, but studies of visual and radar analyses, as well as environmental and technological effects, suggest a type of UFO that can be modeled as metal or metal-plasma. He mentions that witnesses often report a glow around accelerating metallic UFOs, which can be masked during the day, and suggests this might be interpreted as NO2 within an ionized air layer. The accompanying field could cause this ionization.

The article cites several publications describing UFO tracking by visual and radar means, including incidents at Washington D.C. airport in July 1952, British air bases Bentwaters and Leakerheath in August 1956, Turin airport in November 1973, and a pursuit by F-4 jets of a UFO at Shackrocky air base in Iran in September 1976. It also mentions continuous tracking in test fields, with examples from a pilot school in Borisoglebsk (1982-1984) and a 1989 incident at Ikutsk airport where air traffic controllers had to reroute commercial flights due to UFO interference.

Ermilov provides examples of UFO radar detections, including a March 1990 case near Nizhny Novgorod where a UFO was detected moving at 6 km/sec, executing a 90° turn at 4 km/sec, and then reducing speed. He acknowledges the ambiguity in UFO information, noting that sometimes objects are visually detected but not by radar, and vice versa, especially during the day. He suggests that advanced coating techniques, similar to those used on stealth aircraft, might explain the lack of radar capture for metallic objects. He also proposes that layers of air with different thicknesses around a UFO could explain why they are sometimes invisible to radar.

The article delves into the physics of radar detection of UFOs, discussing the role of plasma. The reliability of radar detection depends on the plasma's absorption and reflection properties, related to electron concentration (N) and temperature (T). UHF plasmatrons are mentioned as normal plasma generators. A formula for critical plasma frequency (fcr) is presented, indicating that radio waves below this frequency are reflected, while those above are refracted or partially reflected. Radio waves are also absorbed at the collision resonant frequency (fr). The presence of external magnetic fields can induce cyclotron vibrations (fi and fe) in the plasma, which can affect radio wave behavior.

Ermilov concludes that changes in electron concentration can alter the critical frequency, leading to sudden changes in UFO radio visibility. He suggests that certain radar systems (e.g., m-dm range) might detect UFOs while others (e.g., sm range) might not. He posits that impedance differences can be explained by plasma emitting radio waves, and that radar data can be compared with visual detection cases. The article suggests that differences in radio-visibility, changes in the "blip" size on the indicator, and temporary loss of signal should be interpreted as characteristics of UFO tracking. The pulsation of plasma around moving or suspended UFOs can broaden the reflected signal spectrum due to the Doppler effect, invalidating MTI systems and causing the radar to capture "blips".

Other Sections and Contributors

"Estudios OVNI" (UFO Studies) and "Estudios SETI" (SETI Studies)

Page 4 introduces the Research Institute of Anomalous Phenomena (RIAP), founded in 1992 by Compañía Aeroespacial VERTICAL. RIAP is an independent research center focused on UFO and SETI studies. It collaborates with the Academy of Cosmonautics of the CIS and the Russian Academy of Sciences. RIAP aims to be a crystallization center for researchers working on specific problems, involving scientists from universities and other institutions. The institute's research is funded by VERTICAL, research contracts, grants, and donations.

RIAP's main research lines in UFO studies include:
1. Developing methods and strategies for active UFO tracking using optical, infrared, and radar systems.
2. Instrumental studies of alleged landing sites, biological impact sites, and UFO samples.
3. Creating an efficient system for reconstructing anomalous events from witness testimonies.
4. Developing a unified UFO database and an expert system for identifying GUFOS (Genuine UFOs).
5. Developing physical models of GUFOS.
6. Psycho-physiological studies of contactees and abductees.
7. Studies on the history of Soviet Ufology.

In SETI studies, RIAP focuses on searching for extraterrestrial intelligence, moving beyond traditional radio astronomy. Their research includes searching for external manifestations of advanced technological civilizations (e.g., sporadic radio emissions, infrared radiation) and for alien artifacts in the Solar System and beyond. The SETI department, headed by A.V. Arkhipov, is involved in mapping microwave and infrared celestial data and is conducting a program to search for Alien Artifacts on the Moon (SAAM).

"Aclaraciones al Caso de Los Rodeos" (Clarifications on the Los Rodeos Case)

Pages 7-10 feature a detailed discussion and defense of the UFO incident that allegedly occurred on October 27, 1990, at Los Rodeos airport in Tenerife. This section is a response to an article by Ricardo Campo, which questioned the case. The author, Angel Luis Chinea Felipe (Tenerife), clarifies that his previous article on the case, published in the bulletin "Estigia", was not based on personal investigation but on information from other sources, including the newspaper "Diario de Avisos" and radio programs.

Chinea Felipe refutes several points made by Ricardo Campo. He argues that Campo failed to interview all the witnesses, specifically the secondary witnesses (J.D.R.'s father and brother), which would have been crucial for validating any claim of a fraudulent case. He also disputes Campo's assertion that there were no other witnesses, citing numerous calls and testimonies received by radio programs on the night of the event.

Chinea Felipe criticizes Campo's reliance on official denials from entities like Famet and the airport authorities, stating that such denials are common and expected in UFO cases due to official "hypocrisy". He dismisses Campo's suggestion that the phenomenon might have been spectacular beacons, pointing out that beacons are stationary, unlike the observed luminous object. He also challenges Campo's characterization of the witnesses as "someone not accustomed" to such phenomena, noting that they live near the airport and one of them is an airport employee.

Furthermore, Chinea Felipe addresses Campo's claim that the phenomenon moved towards La Laguna, stating that the primary witnesses did not affirm this direction. He suggests it might have moved towards "Punta del Hidalgo". He also refutes Campo's idea that a witness to a subsequent event might have been influenced by the Los Rodeos incident, questioning how this witness would have known about the "supposed" case prior to its reporting.

Chinea Felipe also corrects Campo's statement about the lack of information regarding anomalies caused by the phenomenon. He clarifies that while he mentioned "rumors" of anomalies in electronic equipment at the control tower, he did not affirm them, unlike Campo's implication. He also points out that Campo's research was limited to only two sources (the "Estigia" article and one from "Diario de Avisos"), neglecting other available sources like radio programs and another article from "Diario de Avisos". This limited research, he argues, led Campo to incorrectly state that there were no known testimonies beyond those he consulted.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue revolve around the scientific investigation of UFO phenomena, particularly through radar detection and the application of physics principles like plasma dynamics. There's a strong emphasis on rigorous methodology and the challenges of obtaining reliable data in a field often plagued by skepticism and misinformation. The magazine also champions the defense of UFO cases against dismissive criticism, as exemplified by the detailed rebuttal of the Los Rodeos incident. The editorial stance appears to be one of advocating for serious, scientific inquiry into anomalous phenomena, while also acknowledging the complexities and potential for misinterpretation.

Organizations Mentioned

CdU, VERTICAL, ACADEMIA DE COSMONÁUTICA DE LA COMUNIDAD DE ESTADOS INDEPENDIENTES, ACADEMIA RUSA DE CIENCIAS, MUFON, CUFOS, FUFOR, CEI, Famet, Comandancia de Ofra.

Key Persons Mentioned

Edward A. Ermilov, Vladimir N. Salnikov, Vladimir V. Rubtsov, A.V. Arkhipov, Ricardo Campo, Francisco Padrón, J.D. (hijo), Julio Domínguez, V.J. Ballester Olmos.

Locations Mentioned

Nizny Novgorod (Russia), Borisoglebsk (Russia), Ikutsk (Russia), Washington D.C. (USA), Bentwaters (UK), Leakerheath (UK), Cambridge (UK), Turin (Italy), Shackrocky (Iran), Teherán (Iran), Tenerife (Spain), Los Rodeos (Spain), Puerto de la Cruz (Spain), Barcelona (Spain), Punta del Hidalgo (Spain), La Laguna (Spain).

Themes

Radar detection, UFO characteristics, Plasma physics, Ufology, Case study.

Tags

UFO, radar, detection, plasma, anomalous phenomena, UFO sighting, UFO case, Los Rodeos, Tenerife, Ermilov, RIAP, SETI, Ufology, investigation, witness testimony.

Object Characteristics

Shape: metallic appearance, cloud-like, luminous, elongated cloud, nave. Color: orange, red, green, yellow-red. Behavior: accelerating, camouflaging, hovering, changing direction, rapid movement, stopping. Speed estimate: 6 km/sec, 4 km/sec. Altitude estimate: high altitude. Electromagnetic effects: ionization, plasma, radio wave reflection/refraction/absorption, Doppler effect.

Key Incidents

July 19, 1952 (Washington D.C. airport), July 26, 1952 (Washington D.C. airport), August 13, 1956 (Bentwaters and Leakerheath air bases, UK), November 30, 1973 (Turin airport, Italy), September 19, 1976 (Shackrocky air base, Iran), 1982-1984 (Borisoglebsk pilot school), October 28, 1989 (Ikutsk airport), March 28, 1990 (Nizny Novgorod area), October 27, 1990 (Los Rodeos, Tenerife).

Notable Quote

"No existen que nosotros sepamos, testimonios referentes al caso". refiriéndose a más testigos que hubieran podido ver el extraño fenómeno de la zona. Usted mismo lo ha dicho “no existen, que usted sepa”, que lo sepamos los demás ya es otra cosa bien diferente.

Notable Quote Speaker

Ricardo Caruncho Núñez

FAQ

1. What is the main focus of the 'DETECCION OVNI POR RADAR' article? The article focuses on the scientific and technical aspects of detecting UFOs using radar, exploring the physical characteristics of UFOs and their interaction with radar systems, including plasma physics.
2. What are some of the challenges in detecting UFOs with radar? Challenges include the ambiguity of radar signals, where sometimes visual sightings are not captured by radar and vice versa, and the potential for objects to be camouflaged or appear as local reflections.
3. What is the significance of plasma in UFO detection by radar? Plasma, particularly its electron concentration and temperature, affects radio wave absorption and reflection, influencing how a UFO appears on radar. The article explains the critical frequency and collision frequency of plasma.
4. What is the RIAP and what are its objectives? RIAP (Research Institute of Anomalous Phenomena) is an independent research center focused on UFO and SETI studies. Its objectives include developing methods for UFO tracking, studying landing sites, reconstructing anomalous events, and creating a UFO database.
5. What is the 'Los Rodeos' UFO case discussed in the magazine? The case refers to a UFO sighting on October 27, 1990, at Los Rodeos airport in Tenerife. The article defends the case against claims of being dubious, presenting witness testimonies and refuting criticisms.

This issue of FORUM magazine, identified by page numbers 91-100, delves into a controversial UFO sighting and the subsequent investigations, primarily focusing on a case at Los Rodeos Airport. The publication appears to be a Spanish-language periodical dedicated to ufology and related phenomena. The articles critically analyze witness testimonies, the methodologies of UFO investigators, and the challenges of establishing the credibility of such reports.

The Los Rodeos Sighting and Witness Testimony

The central event discussed is a UFO sighting that occurred at 00:05 on October 28, 1990, at Los Rodeos Airport. The author, Francisco Padrón, presents his investigation into this event, which he initiated after reading an article by Ricardo Campo. Padrón interviews the primary witnesses: J.D.R. (father) and his sons, including J.D. (son) and a younger son named Juanmi.

J.D.R. (father), who has 26 years of experience at the airport, describes seeing a large, silent object with yellowish, fixed lights. He emphasizes that it was not an airplane, helicopter, or any known technology. The object was described as enormous, moving slowly and silently, and its shape was approximated as being like two DC-9 aircraft. He recalls that the night was clear, and the object was visible perfectly. He also mentions that his younger son suffered a minor panic attack due to the sighting.

J.D. (son) corroborates his father's account, adding that the object was about 100-200 meters away and moved horizontally. He notes that neither he nor his family read UFO literature, making their testimony less likely to be influenced by preconceived notions. He recounts that after the sighting, they stayed on the rooftop all night hoping to see it again and even tried to photograph it. He also mentions that his younger brother, Juanmi, was scared.

Crucially, the witnesses deny that there were only a few witnesses, as suggested by Ricardo Campo. They claim that other locals, like 'el Gomero,' Eusebio, and Francisco, also witnessed the event, and that the sighting was a topic of discussion the following day.

Critique of Ricardo Campo's Investigation

A significant portion of the magazine is dedicated to critiquing Ricardo Campo's investigation into the Los Rodeos sighting. Padrón argues that Campo's article, published in CdU, was based on flawed methodology and excessive skepticism. Padrón contends that Campo failed to gain the witnesses' trust, partly due to his confrontational approach and preconceived notions.

Campo reportedly tried to 'catch' the witnesses in contradictions, which led to frustration and anger. J.D. (son) states that Campo implied they were lying and inventing the story. Campo's attitude was perceived as an attempt to 'trap' them, possibly influenced by a desire to expose a fraud. The witnesses felt that Campo did not approach the investigation with respect or an open mind.

Padrón quotes Campo's article, where Campo suggests that scientists should 'unmask frauds' and 'dispel erroneous beliefs.' Padrón interprets this as Campo applying a 'think the worst and you'll be right' mentality rather than a balanced investigative approach. He also points out that Campo's initial interview with J.D.R. (father) was met with refusal because of Campo's negative attitude, and the father advised his son not to speak with Campo and his companion, who had previously expressed skepticism and accused Francisco Padrón of fabricating stories for personal gain.

Rumors of Airport Anomalies

The magazine also addresses rumors of possible anomalies in the airport's electronic equipment. Padrón mentions that a flight controller casually mentioned seeing frequent beacons on the runway, though she did not directly link it to the sighting. More significantly, a cashier at an airport establishment reportedly told a witness that her electronic cash register was completely damaged the morning after the sighting. Another contact, a controller at the same airport, allegedly mentioned that the control tower's electronic apparatus was 'damaged' on the morning of October 28, 1990. However, Padrón emphasizes that these are just rumors and have not been substantiated as proof.

Methodological Considerations in Ufology

The articles delve into broader issues of ufological methodology. Padrón argues that investigators should be objective, respectful of witnesses, and allow for the possibility of methodological errors in their own surveys. He criticizes ufologists who, while claiming to be serious and scientific, exhibit excessive skepticism or credulity, leading to biased conclusions.

Padrón advocates for a balanced approach, suggesting that investigators should be open-minded and thorough. He expresses concern that some investigators may be driven by a desire for recognition or financial gain, leading them to sensationalize cases or dismiss genuine phenomena. He also touches upon the idea that some witnesses might be influenced by prior knowledge of an event or by the investigator's demeanor, citing an article by Daniel Alberto Perisse on the ufologist-witness dynamic.

Conclusion and Editorial Stance

The author concludes that Ricardo Campo's investigation was characterized by ineptitude and excessive skepticism, leading to unfair judgments of the witnesses. Padrón asserts that his own investigation, based on direct conversations with the witnesses, has provided him with sufficient evidence to believe their accounts. He emphasizes that his intention is not to create animosity but to encourage a more rigorous and respectful approach to ufological research.

The magazine seems to adopt a stance that supports the credibility of the witnesses in this specific case, while also calling for more professional and unbiased investigative practices within the ufology community. It highlights the importance of distinguishing between genuine unexplained phenomena and potential hoaxes or misinterpretations.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

Recurring themes include the critical examination of investigative methodologies in ufology, the importance of witness credibility, the role of skepticism versus open-mindedness, and the potential for bias in reporting UFO cases. The editorial stance appears to favor a more thorough and respectful approach to witness testimony, challenging overly skeptical or dismissive attitudes that may hinder genuine inquiry. The publication also seems to be a platform for debate and correction within the Spanish ufology community, as evidenced by the 'Nota Aclaratoria' and its response.

This issue of "Cuadernos de Ufología" (Issue 101) focuses on clarifying the status of the Centro de Estudios Interplanetarios (CEI) and reviewing significant works in the field of ufology. The magazine features articles and reviews that delve into the history, research, and literature surrounding UFO phenomena, with a particular emphasis on Spanish and European contributions.

Clarifications on the CEI

The lead article, titled "ACLARACIONES SOBRE EL 'C.E.I.'" (Clarifications on the CEI), is written by Pedro Redón Trabal, President of the CEI. He addresses assertions made by Ignacio Cabria in his book "Entre Ufólogos, Creyentes y Contactados," which suggested potential inaccuracies regarding the CEI's recent activities. Redón Trabal confirms that the CEI is still active, operating from its March 1968 location and retaining most of its members, who consider the CEI "something more than an association." While acknowledging a decrease in external activity due to economic difficulties and general disinterest, he highlights the CEI's ongoing internal work, particularly in maintaining its extensive archive-library. He also mentions the work of CEI members Vicente-Juan Ballester Olmos and Joan Plana on related materials, and the research of Jesús Suárez on Iberian UFO sightings involving photographic and cinematographic evidence. The CEI has supported independent researchers like Ricardo Campo Pérez and Luis R. González. Redón Trabal notes that the CEI has been in existence for 36 years, previously published the magazine STENDEK, and possesses a substantial archive, expressing confidence in overcoming current challenges.

Book Reviews

"Entre Ufólogos, Creyentes y Contactados" by Ignacio Cabria García

José Ruesga Montiel reviews Ignacio Cabria García's book "Entre Ufólogos, Creyentes y Contactados: Una historia social de los OVNIS en España." Montiel praises the book's artisanal and meticulous edition by Julio Arcas. He notes that while Cabria, a former ufologist, left the field some years ago, his work offers a unique perspective on the social history of ufology in Spain. Written from Maputo, Mozambique, the book is described as a valuable contribution due to its anthropological viewpoint and the author's dual role as a former actor and observer of the UFO phenomenon. Montiel highlights the book's objective yet interpretive nature, presenting information without manipulation and drawing on historical archives and personal experiences. He commends Cabria's critical and sometimes harsh analysis, which stems from his anthropological background. The review suggests that the book covers the social trajectories of those involved in the UFO phenomenon, including divulgators, witnesses, journalists, and scholars, from its origins to its modern myth status. The book is accompanied by photographs and references, providing a comprehensive overview of ufology in Spain. Despite Cabria's potential disillusionment leading to social and psychological explanations, Montiel recommends the book for its informative content, suitable for skeptics, rationalists, believers, and contactees alike.

"OVNI, Hacia una Antropología de un Mito Contemporáneo" by Thierry Pinvidic and others

Julio Arcas Gilardi reviews this substantial 576-page work, edited by Editions Heimdal in 1993. Gilardi notes that this book represents a significant shift in European ufology, moving away from the American focus on abductions and "little grises" towards a more balanced approach incorporating social sciences. The book aims to provide a new discourse on UFOs, challenging both extreme rationalists and orthodox ufologists. It emphasizes the contributions of socio-psychology and anthropology in understanding the phenomenon and its witnesses. The review details the book's structure, starting with a historical overview by Claude Maugé, followed by discussions on key cases like Kenneth Arnold's sightings, the Belgian UFO wave, and the Voronej incident. It also touches upon the use of monkeys in space experiments and the analysis of UFO accidents. The book delves into statistical data, critiques of previous research, and the distinction between identified and unidentified phenomena. It incorporates social, anthropological, and psychological perspectives, with contributions from researchers like Ron Wéstrum focusing on the human factor and societal perception of UFOs. The review notes that the work is European-centric and suggests that Spanish contributions might have been overlooked.

"Forbidden Science: Journals 1957-1969" by Jacques Vallée

V.J. Ballester Olmos reviews Jacques Vallée's "Forbidden Science: Journals 1957-1969," published by North Atlantic Books in 1992. Olmos expresses his long-standing admiration for Vallée, an astrophysicist and computer scientist known for his profound and scientific texts on ufology. The book comprises Vallée's personal diaries from age eighteen to December 1969, covering his formative years, university life, relationships, and early career. It details his experiences in France, his move to the United States, his collaboration with Dr. J. Allen Hynek, and his involvement with the "Invisible College." A significant portion of the diaries addresses the US Air Force's handling of UFO cases through Project Blue Book, offering critical reflections and complaints. Olmos highlights Vallée's intimate portrayal of Hynek, his honesty, fears, and authority. The book is described as a journey between Europe and America, and between the heart and reason, showcasing Vallée's intellectual restlessness and deep sensitivity. The review mentions Vallée's interest in the esoteric and occult knowledge of his youth, questioning whether this influenced his philosophical outlook. The book also contains revelations about the Socorro landing, the Hill abduction, and secret USAF investigations. Olmos concludes by highly recommending the book, calling it a "delight" and a valuable resource for anyone interested in ufology, despite potential points of disagreement.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue revolve around the historical development of ufology, the organizational structures involved in its study, and the critical analysis of UFO literature. The editorial stance appears to be one of promoting rigorous, scholarly research, particularly from social science perspectives, and encouraging a deeper understanding of the phenomenon beyond sensationalism. The magazine actively engages with its readership by publishing clarifications and reviews, fostering a dialogue within the ufological community. There is a clear appreciation for well-researched and interpretative works, especially those that offer unique perspectives on the social and cultural impact of UFOs.