Anomalia - 2a Epoca - No 06 - 2006

Magazine Overview

This document represents issue number 6 of the second era of the magazine "Anomalía," published in 2006. It is produced by Fundación Anomalía, with contact information provided for their postal address in Santander, Spain, and their website.

Patronato

The "Patronato" section lists the governing body of Fundación Anomalía. Key members include Matías Morey Ripoll as President, Julio Arcas Gilardi as Vicepresident and Director of Publications, and José Ruesga Montiel as Vocal and director of @nomalía. Other members listed with their roles are Martí Flò García (Vocal and Coordinator of Projects), Matilde González García (Treasurer), Luis R. González Manso (Vocal Traductores), Ricardo Campo Pérez (Vocal Rep. Relaciones Exteriores), and Joaquín Díaz Rodríguez (Secretary).

Equipo @nomalía

The "Equipo @nomalía" section details the core team responsible for the magazine and the foundation's operations. José Ruesga Montiel is the Director, with José Luis Ramírez Lagares as Adjunct to the director. Ricardo Campo Pérez serves as Editor-in-Chief, and Antonio Petit Gancedo is responsible for Documentation. Julio Arcas Gilardi handles graphic coordination, and Matías Morey Ripoll is in charge of graphic design. The "Maquetación" (Layout) team consists of José Ruesga Montiel, José Luis Ramírez Lagares, and Martí Flò García.

Consejo Editorial

The "Consejo Editorial" (Editorial Board) comprises Julio Arcas Gilardi (Santander), Ricardo Campo Pérez (Tenerife), Luis R. González Manso (Málaga), and José Ruesga Montiel (Sevilla). These individuals provide guidance and oversight for the magazine's content.

Sumario (Table of Contents)

The "Sumario" lists the articles and features included in this issue:

• Editorial
• El paseante de Sirio
• Onda Fundación Anomalía (by José Ruesga Montiel)
• Recuperación de los archivos de Carles Batet (by Matías Morey Ripoll)
• Un archivo OVNI único en su especie, inaccesible en un almacén (by Clas Svahn)
• Alienígenas londinenses (by Luis R. González Manso)
• Coloquio de EuroUfo, Châlons (Francia), octubre de 2005 (by Vicente-Juan Ballester Olmos)
• Entrevista con Jacques Patenet (by Marie Deseilligny)
• El Sur (by José Ruesga Montiel)
• Trece cosas sin sentido (by Michael Brooks)
• Marte muerto (by Matías Morey Ripoll)
• Encuentros incómodos del Tercer Tipo (by Martin Kottmeyer)
• Los sonidos del silencio (by Luis R. González Manso)
• OVNIs, sombreros, nubes y desvergüenza (by Mauricio-José Schwarz)
• El gran silencio (by César Esteban)
• El caso radar/película/visual de Bellefontaine, Ohio, 1952 (by Patrick Gross)
• Necochea (Argentina). Actividad ovni novbre-dcbre 2005 (by Guillermo Daniel Giménez)
• BIBLIOGRAFÍA

Para colaborar (How to Collaborate)

Fundación Anomalía seeks to advance ufology through various activities and welcomes external support. Readers can collaborate by becoming a "donante colaborador" (from 30 euros annually, for Spain only), "donante principal" (from 60 euros annually, for Spain and EU countries), or "donante benefactor" (from 90 euros annually). These donation tiers offer various benefits, including subscription to publications, activity updates, special discounts, tax certificates (IRPF/ISoc), access to the DTU, BCF book, and the database. Donations may also be tax-deductible up to 25% for IRPF and 35% for Impuesto de Sociedades. Further information is available on their website or via email and postal mail.

Premios y becas (Awards and Grants)

This section mentions "Premio Cuadernos de Ufología" (Ufology Notebooks Award), accompanied by an image of award trophies.

Publicaciones (Publications)

Readers can place orders for publications by visiting the website or sending an email.

Editorial

The editorial, written by Julio Arcas Gilardi and José Ruesga Montiel, reflects on the passage of time and the tenth anniversary of Fundación Anomalía. It highlights the challenges and successes faced in establishing and maintaining the institution, emphasizing the collective will and effort of its members and supporters. The editorial also mentions the recent launch of the sixth version of the foundation's website and expresses optimism for the future, looking forward to the foundation's second decade.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine focuses on ufology and anomalous phenomena, presenting research, case studies, and historical analyses. The editorial stance appears to be one of dedicated pursuit of knowledge and the preservation of documentation related to ufology, despite obstacles. There is a strong emphasis on the collaborative effort and the importance of support from the community. The publication aims to foster the study and understanding of UFO phenomena.

Title: El paseante de Sirio
Issue: 6
Volume: 2
Date: December 20, 2005
Publisher: Fundación Anomalía

This issue of "El paseante de Sirio" features two primary articles. The first, "Muere el militar que escribió la nota de prensa del platillo volante estrellado en Roswell," reports on the death of Walter Haut, the US Army officer who authored the initial press release concerning the 1947 Roswell incident. The second, "OSCURIDADES DEL URITORCO," investigates the "terrestrial darkness" surrounding Cerro Uritorco in Argentina, a site renowned for its mystical allure and alleged UFO sightings, exploring the commercialization of its paranormal reputation, a tragic event, and the complex regulatory landscape.

Article 1: Roswell Incident and Walter Haut

The article begins by announcing the death of Walter Haut, an 83-year-old US Army officer who was instrumental in the initial reporting of the Roswell crash. Haut, who served as a public relations officer for the Roswell Army Air Field (RAAF), wrote the press release on July 8, 1947, that declared, "The RAAF captures a flying saucer on a ranch in the Roswell region." The text detailed how a local rancher found a "disk" and, after contacting the sheriff, it was retrieved by Major Jesse Marcel of the 509th Bomb Group's Intelligence Office. The recovered object was reportedly studied at the RAAF base and sent to higher authorities.

However, hours later, the RAAF issued a second statement retracting the initial report, suggesting the debris was from a weather balloon, which aligned with the rancher's findings of balsa wood and aluminum foil. The Roswell case faded into obscurity until the 1980s when William Moore and Charles Berlitz revitalized the myth with their book "El incidente," turning Roswell into a pilgrimage site for UFO believers.

A 1994 report by the US General Accounting Office concluded that the debris was part of Project Mogul, a secret program to detect Soviet nuclear explosions. Despite this, Haut reportedly maintained throughout his life that something "not of this Earth" had crashed in Roswell, according to his sister.

Born in Chicago but residing in Roswell since 1946, Haut never clarified his exact role in the incident during his lifetime. In the 1990s, he stated he wrote the press release under telephone orders from base commander Colonel William H. Blanchard. However, the Roswell Daily Record journalist who interviewed Haut attributed the order to Major Marcel. Philip J. Klass, in his book "The real Roswell crashed-saucer coverup" (1997), highlighted this contradiction, noting Marcel's assertion that Haut acted without authorization and was reprimanded by Washington. Haut left the Army shortly after the incident for "personal reasons," became an insurance agent, and in 1991 co-founded the Roswell UFO Research and Museum Center, serving as its first president.

Article 2: The "Darknesses" of Uritorco

This section focuses on Cerro Uritorco in Capilla del Monte, Argentina, exploring its transformation from a tourist destination to a hub for mystical and UFO-related tourism. The article, written by Rubén Morales, details how the area, once known for a rock formation called "El Zapato," gained renewed popularity through the writings of Professor Guillermo Alfredo Terrera about a "scepter of command" and a legendary indigenous ceremonial center, the "Valley of the Spirits." The myth of the subterranean city of Erks and a circular burn mark on the Pajarillos hills in 1986, presented as a possible UFO landing, further fueled this mystical reputation.

In the 1980s, Capilla del Monte became a center for mystical groups seeking "programmed encounters" with "superior brothers," coordinated by figures like Francisco Checchi and Dante Franch, and influenced by figures like Sixto Paz Wells and the Rama Mission from Peru. Night vigils to spot lights over the hills became common. Dr. Angel Cristo Acoglanis is mentioned as a precursor who organized spiritual tours.

The article notes a shift in Capilla del Monte's economy, moving from general tourism to a focus on the Uritorco's perceived energetic and healing properties. Mayor Gustavo De Figueredo acknowledges the economic impact, stating that the town has evolved from having healers to offering alternative therapies and massages, reflecting an increase in the visitors' purchasing power. He aims to attract "four and five-star" tourism, prohibiting "medium and low-category" investments.

Tragedy on the Mountain

A tragic event occurred on October 18, 2004, when 21-year-old Matías Puget and his girlfriend, N.G., ascended Cerro Uritorco. They met Roberto Ariel Arévalo, a local guide. While searching for firewood, Puget disappeared and was later found dead at the bottom of a ravine. Judicial sources suggest Arévalo struck Puget with a flashlight, causing a fractured foot before he fell. This incident prompted Capilla del Monte authorities to consider regulating ascents to the cerro.

Ownership and Legal Disputes

Cerro Uritorco, spanning 983 hectares, is owned by Sonia Beatriz Anchorena de Crotto and her sister Mercedes. The ascent is managed by concessionaire Aldo Seibaa, with whom the owners are engaged in a legal dispute over alleged breach of contract. In November 2004, the Capilla del Monte Deliberative Council voted to expropriate the cerro from the Anchorena sisters to incorporate it into public heritage, leading to further legal action against the Municipality.

As of February 17, 2006, these litigations were ongoing. A local resident described the situation as a "predatory and anti-ecological business" due to the lack of sanitary services, security personnel, and park rangers.

New Regulations and Their Implementation

Faced with unresolved legal issues and the approaching 2006 tourist season, the Municipality implemented new regulations for ascending the cerro. These include requirements for communication equipment, rescue gear, medical emergency services, civil liability insurance for the concessionaire, visitor registration, and waste disposal bags. Pets are prohibited, and camping is forbidden. Visitors must start their descent by 3 PM.

However, the article highlights inconsistencies and poor implementation of these regulations. The concessionaire, charging $7 per visitor, has posted numerous handwritten, error-filled signs that contradict the official ordinance. These signs impose arbitrary restrictions on age, footwear (prohibiting sandals and flip-flops), and even clothing, with threats of excessive fines. The concessionaire also fails to provide receipts, insurance, or emergency personnel as mandated by the ordinance.

The article describes the poor state of the facilities, including a leaking refuge with a wobbly toilet and overflowing trash containers. The "stations" along the path are poorly marked due to fallen signage. Despite the official prohibition of camping, the "Valley of the Spirits" area, once considered suitable for camping, is now empty of tents, indicating agreement on this point between the municipality and the concessionaire.

The authors recount their experiences, noting the lack of proper documentation and the concessionaire's failure to adhere to the ordinance's requirements. They contrast the expected "four-star" service with the reality of a "fourth-rate" service.

Fundación Anomalía Updates

This section provides updates from Fundación Anomalía. It announces the launch of the sixth version of their website, designed with a minimalist style, featuring detailed descriptions of their projects and past achievements. The website also includes access to their publications like "Micromegas" and "Perspectivas." A significant development is the donation of the "ÍCARO" collection, comprising over 100 works by the late artist Fernando Calderón López de Arroyabe, which will form the nucleus of the future ÍCARO Center-Museum Fernando Calderón. The collection is valued at 25 million pesetas.

Fundación Anomalía is a non-profit organization dedicated to promoting the study of UFO influences on popular culture, preserving archives, and disseminating research. They are also involved in awarding prizes and grants for research in these fields.

Additionally, the foundation is promoting the "Proyecto Méliès," an initiative to collect science fiction films and TV series related to extraterrestrial visits, space exploration, and artificial life. They invite readers to contribute by contacting them via postal mail or email.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine consistently explores themes related to unexplained phenomena, particularly UFOs and their cultural impact. There's a critical examination of official narratives versus eyewitness accounts, as seen in the Roswell article. The Uritorco section highlights the commercialization and sometimes problematic management of mystical and paranormal tourism, questioning the authenticity of services offered and the effectiveness of local governance in ensuring visitor safety and environmental protection. The Fundación Anomalía updates showcase the organization's active role in research, dissemination, and preservation within the ufology community. The editorial stance appears to be one of critical inquiry, aiming to inform readers about both the phenomena themselves and the societal, economic, and regulatory contexts surrounding them.

This issue of Revista Anomalía, dated October 2005, focuses on significant developments and discussions within the ufology community. The cover story highlights the recovery of the extensive archives of the late Catalan ufologist Carles Batet Cros by Fundación Anomalía. The magazine also features an in-depth report on the fate of the APRO archive in the United States, a review of the EuroUFO colloquium in France, and an account of a visit to the 'Science of Aliens' exhibition in London.

Recuperación de los archivos de Carles Batet

This article by Matías Morey Ripoll details the efforts of Fundación Anomalía to recover the library and documentation of Carles Batet Cros, a prominent Catalan ufologist who passed away in April 2005. Following Batet's expressed wish, his family contacted Fundación Anomalía to arrange the transfer of his collection. A delegation from the foundation, including Julio Arcas, Martí Flò, and the author, visited Batet's home in Banyeres del Penedès, Tarragona, and found a substantial library of approximately 2,000 books on various subjects, along with extensive UFO-related documentation. Due to the volume, an initial selection of 332 books directly related to ufology was made, along with numerous magazines, correspondence, manuscripts, and clippings. This material was temporarily stored at the Centro de Estudios Interplanetarios in Barcelona for cataloging. A subsequent visit by another delegation in January 2006, using a van, allowed for the retrieval of the remaining books and files. The process of classifying and organizing these materials is ongoing, promising to shed light on Batet's personal trajectory and his contributions to the UFO field during its most prolific era.

The article expresses profound gratitude to the Batet family for their cooperation and to the Centro de Estudios Interplanetarios for their logistical support. The recovery is described as one of the most significant archival efforts of its kind in Spain. The foundation emphasizes the importance of such donations for preserving cultural heritage and making it accessible. They issue a call to other individuals wishing to donate their UFO-related documents or books to contact Fundación Anomalía.

Un archivo OVNI único en su especie, inaccesible en un almacén

Written by Clas Svahn and translated by Luis R. González Manso, this article investigates the unfortunate state of the APRO (Aerial Phenomena Research Organisation) archive, once considered one of the world's largest UFO archives, containing around 15,000 cases. Located in Scottsdale, Arizona, the archive has become inaccessible to researchers. The article traces the history of the archive, founded by Jim and Coral Lorenzen. After Allen Hynek's death in 1986, and Coral Lorenzen's death in 1988, the APRO board, lacking experience in archive management, faced the challenge of what to do with the vast collection. They were unable to transfer it to MUFON due to Coral Lorenzen's animosity towards the organization, nor to CUFOS, despite initial interest from Mark Rodeghier, president of CUFOS. Larry Lorenzen, Jim and Coral's son, influenced the decision, recommending the archive remain in Arizona. Brian Myers and Tina Choate, former associates of Hynek, eventually acquired the archive, with conflicting reports on whether they paid $6,000 or received it for free. For years, the archive was stored in Myers and Choate's garage, and personal access was denied, even to the author. While some older cases were microfilmed, the majority remain inaccessible. Rodeghier considers this a tragedy, as the archive could greatly benefit global UFO research if made accessible. Currently, it offers no utility in its current state.

ALIENÍGENAS LONDINENSES

This article by Luis R. González recounts his trip to London with a triple objective: to connect with old acquaintances, visit the 'Science of Aliens' exhibition, and present the 'CdU 2005' diploma to Fortean Times. He visited 'The Railway,' a pub where Magonia magazine supporters gather, and met with editor John Rimmer, discussing the magazine's future and upcoming issues. He also learned about the third 'Memorial Roger Sandell' essay contest.

The main focus of the trip was the 'Science of Aliens' exhibition at the Science Museum. The exhibition explored the popular image of aliens, from early UFO depictions to modern manga, and included a hologram of a Grey alien. It also covered terrestrial extremophiles and astrobiological possibilities. The author found the exhibition to be geared towards a younger audience, lacking in depth and intellectual stimulation for older visitors. He notes that the exhibition seemed to serve as a promotion for Channel Four documentaries.

González also presented the 'CdU 2005' diploma to Fortean Times, a magazine known for its blend of anomalies and skepticism. He met with Bob Rickard, one of the founders, and discussed potential projects like a digital edition of 'Fortean Tomes' and an anomalous image bank. He also noted the dwindling number of specialized science fiction bookstores in London.

Coloquio de EuroUfo, Châlons (Francia), octubre de 2005

Vicente-Juan Ballester Olmos reports on the EuroUFO colloquium, 'Les Premières Rencontres Ufologiques Européennes,' held in Châlons, France, from October 14-16, 2005. The event, organized by Italian researchers Edoardo Russo and Maurizio Verga, brought together about 50 European UFO researchers from various organizations to discuss improving cooperation and setting more ambitious goals. The colloquium, held in a closed-door, invitation-only format, involved 23 participants discussing various aspects of UFO research. The participants agreed that the scientific approach is the only valid one for studying the UFO phenomenon. Key resolutions included reinforcing cooperation through information exchange, identifying existing documentary resources, providing analytical support to academic researchers, reflecting on models for integrating national UFO databases, safeguarding archival materials, and expanding the EuroUfo network with a dedicated website.

The article also touches upon the broader congress, which attracted an estimated 400-600 people per session and featured over 20 speakers. The author notes the incompatibility of attending both the colloquium and the main congress sessions. He also mentions his personal presentation on his experience with the declassification of Spanish Air Force UFO files and his FOTOCAT project, aimed at creating a global catalog of photographic UFO cases. The spirit of collaboration among European colleagues was evident and optimistic.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

This issue of Revista Anomalía strongly emphasizes the importance of rigorous, scientific investigation into UFO phenomena and the preservation of historical UFO-related documentation. The articles highlight the challenges and successes in archiving and disseminating UFO research, from the recovery of private collections to the management of large organizational archives. There is a clear call for increased international cooperation and a rational, evidence-based approach to the study of anomalies. The magazine also showcases events and initiatives aimed at fostering this collaborative and scientific spirit within the European ufology community. The editorial stance appears to favor a methodical, scholarly approach to ufology, valuing documented evidence and organized research over speculation.

This issue of Anomalia magazine, identified as issue number 6 and part of volume 2, was published in October 2005. The cover prominently features the title "TRECE COSAS SIN SENTIDO" (Thirteen Things Without Sense), suggesting a focus on unexplained phenomena and scientific enigmas. The magazine originates from France and is published in Spanish.

Coloquio de EuroUfo, Châlons (Francia), octubre de 2005

The issue begins with a brief personal reflection from a conference in Châlons, France, in October 2005. The author describes the exhaustion after a night of discussions with fellow researchers, including Jean-Luc Rivera (editor of La Gazette Fortéenne) and Thierry Pinvidic (director of the seminal work "OVNI, vers une Anthropologie d'un Mythe Contemporain"). The author notes the use of the internet and resulting databases in their studies.

Entrevista con Jacques Patenet

This section features an interview with Jacques Patenet, head of the Unidentified Aerospace Phenomena (PAN) study service at the French National Centre for Space Studies (CNES) in Toulouse. Patenet discusses the newly formed Geipan group, which collects testimonies of PANs in France. He explains that 55% of reported cases are explained (e.g., meteorites, rocket debris), 30% are inexplicable, and 15% are true PANs, some suggesting the presence of a physical object. Patenet clarifies that Geipan's role is to explain what has been seen, not to speculate about extraterrestrial origins. He emphasizes the need for humility in scientific knowledge and discusses Geipan's initial actions, including reorganizing its network, protocols, and preparing for online access to its archives by summer 2006. A steering committee composed of CNES representatives, collaborating organizations, and scientists has been formed to provide recommendations.

El Sur

This article, by José Ruesga Montiel, celebrates the 10th Anniversary of Fundación Anomalía. It highlights the foundation's journey since its inception in 1991-1996 and its efforts to realize its goals. An exhibition titled "Paisajes humanos, urbanos y de otros mundos" (Human, Urban, and Other Worlds Landscapes) was held in Camas, Sevilla, from October 17-31, featuring 29 digital works by the author and other pieces from the foundation's collection. The exhibition also coincided with the 25th Anniversary of the Rafael Alberti Municipal Library. The author expresses hope that this initiative will continue through 2006-2007, celebrating a decade of the foundation's existence.

TRECE COSAS SIN SENTIDO (Thirteen Things Without Sense)

This major section of the magazine presents thirteen scientific enigmas that remain unsolved:

1. El efecto placebo (The Placebo Effect): Explores how placebos can have a significant effect, even when blocked by drugs like naloxone, suggesting a biochemical link. Fabrizio Benedetti's research shows placebos can reduce tremors in Parkinson's patients, indicating the mind's influence on body biochemistry.
2. El problema del horizonte (The Horizon Problem): Discusses the uniform temperature of the cosmic microwave background radiation across vast distances, posing a challenge to current cosmological models. The "inflation" theory is mentioned as a potential, though not fully explained, solution.
3. Rayos cósmicos de alta energía (High-Energy Cosmic Rays): Investigates cosmic rays detected with energies exceeding the Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin (GZK) limit. The Akeno Giant Air Shower Array in Japan has detected these rays, which theoretically should not exist if Einstein's theory of relativity holds true for cosmic travel. The Pierre Auger experiment in Argentina aims to provide more data.
4. Los resultados homeopáticos de Belfast (The Belfast Homeopathic Results): Reports on a study by Madeleine Ennis that suggests homeopathic solutions of histamine may have a biological effect on white blood cells, despite being diluted to the point of containing no histamine molecules. This challenges existing scientific understanding.
5. Materia oscura (Dark Matter): Explains the discrepancy between the observed rotation of galaxies and the gravitational pull expected from visible matter. Vera Rubin first described this anomaly in the 1970s. Dark matter is estimated to constitute 90% of the universe's mass, but its nature remains unknown.
6. El metano del Viking (The Viking Methane): Recounts the ambiguous results from the Viking missions to Mars in 1976. While one instrument detected carbon-14 emissions suggesting life, another found no organic molecules, leading to the conclusion of a false positive. Gilbert Levin continues to argue for the presence of life, supported by later rover data and Joe Miller's analysis.
7. Tetraneutrones (Tetraneutrons): Describes the detection of six particles at the Ganil accelerator that appear to be tetraneutrons – four neutrons bound together in a way that defies current physics. The discovery, if confirmed, would require a re-evaluation of atomic nucleus forces.
8. La anomalía del Pioneer (The Pioneer Anomaly): Details the unexplained, tiny acceleration observed in the trajectories of the Pioneer 10 and 11 probes. Despite ruling out conventional explanations, the cause remains a mystery, with some linking it to dark matter or variations in the fine-structure constant.
9. Energía oscura (Dark Energy): Addresses the discovery in 1998 that the universe's expansion is accelerating, a phenomenon for which the cause is unknown. Cosmologists are seeking explanations, possibly involving properties of empty space or adjustments to Einstein's theory of general relativity.
10. El barranco de Kuiper (The Kuiper Cliff): Discusses the abrupt drop in the density of icy bodies beyond the Kuiper Belt. The leading hypothesis is the existence of a massive, undiscovered tenth planet that has cleared the region.
11. La señal Wow (The Wow! Signal): Recounts the detection of a strong, narrow-band radio signal from deep space on August 15, 1977. The signal, originating from the direction of Sagittarius, has never been definitively explained, with possibilities ranging from a powerful astronomical event to an extraterrestrial transmission.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine's stance appears to be one of open inquiry into unexplained scientific phenomena, ranging from biological anomalies (placebo effect, homeopathy, Martian life) to cosmological mysteries (dark matter, dark energy, horizon problem) and unexplained physical observations (cosmic rays, Pioneer anomaly, Wow signal). The editorial approach seems to favor presenting intriguing puzzles and the scientific efforts to solve them, even when definitive answers are elusive. There is a clear interest in pushing the boundaries of current scientific understanding and exploring unconventional hypotheses.

This issue of "Anomalía" (Issue 6, Volume 2), published by Fundación Anomalia, is dated July 6, 2018. The cover headline is "TRECE COSAS SIN SENTIDO" (Thirteen Nonsensical Things), suggesting a collection of unusual or unexplained phenomena.

Article 1: "Constantes no tan constantes" (Constants Not So Constant)

This section explores potential challenges to fundamental physical constants. In 1997, astronomer John Webb and his team from the University of New South Wales in Sydney analyzed light from distant quasars. Their findings suggested that interstellar clouds of metals like iron, nickel, and chromium had absorbed photons from the quasar's light in a way that implied the fine structure constant, or alpha, might have varied in value when the light traversed these clouds. This concept is considered heretical in physics, as alpha is a crucial constant determining the interaction of light with matter and is dependent on other fundamental constants like the electron's charge, the speed of light, and Planck's constant. Despite years of attempts by Webb's team to find errors, none have been found. The article also mentions that a recent analysis of the Oklo natural nuclear reactor in Gabon, which was active about 2 billion years ago, also suggests changes in the interaction of light with matter. The percentage of certain radioactive isotopes produced in such a reactor depends on alpha, and studying the fission products at Oklo allows for calculation of its value at the time of formation. Steve Lamoreaux and colleagues from Los Alamos National Laboratory suggest alpha may have decreased by over 4% since Oklo's operation. However, not all scientists agree; Patrick Petitjean of the Paris Institute of Astrophysics led a team analyzing quasar light with the Very Large Telescope (VLT) in Chile and found no evidence of alpha variation. Webb is currently re-analyzing the VLT data, with a resolution expected by the end of the year. Michael Murphy, a team member from Cambridge University, notes the complexity of the new data. The analysis of how light travels through interstellar clouds is expected to provide insights into the early universe.

Article 2: "Fusión fría" (Cold Fusion)

This section revisits the topic of cold fusion, stating it never truly disappeared. For a decade starting in 1989, US Navy laboratories conducted over two hundred experiments to investigate if nuclear reactions generating more energy than consumed could occur at room temperature. Many researchers became believers. Controllable cold fusion could solve global energy problems. The US Department of Energy (DoE) has shown interest, and in December 2004, after an exhaustive review, it expressed openness to proposals for new cold fusion experiments. This marks a significant shift from its initial report fifteen years prior, which concluded that the original cold fusion results by Martin Fleischmann and Stanley Pons of the University of Utah in 1989 were irreproducible and likely false. The core claim of cold fusion is that submerging palladium electrodes in heavy water (where oxygen is combined with deuterium, a hydrogen isotope) can release significant energy. Applying voltage supposedly allows deuterium nuclei to overcome their natural repulsion and fuse, releasing energy. However, fusion at room temperature is considered impossible by current scientific theories. David Nagel, an engineer at George Washington University, argues that just as it took forty years to explain superconductors, there's no reason to dismiss cold fusion, stating experimental proof would be irrefutable.

Article 3: "MARTE MUERTO" (Dead Mars)

This article, written by Matías Morey Ripoll, explores the long-standing literary and cinematic tradition of depicting Mars as a dead or dying planet that once had a more fertile past. This concept originated from Schiaparelli's 1877 observations of supposed Martian "canals," popularized by Percival Lowell's book "Mars" (1895). These observations fueled speculation about Martian engineering efforts to distribute scarce water. Literarily, this idea influenced H.G. Wells' "The War of the Worlds" (1898), Olaf Stapledon's "Last and First Men" (1930), and Ray Bradbury's "The Martian Chronicles" (1950).

In film, this theme appeared early in "Aelita" (1924). More classically, "Rocketship X-M" (1950) depicted a first expedition to Mars finding the remains of an ancient civilization destroyed by nuclear war. "Flight to Mars" (1951) showed astronauts encountering indigenous Martians facing an energy crisis, leading to a plot to invade Earth. "The Angry Red Planet" (1959) featured travelers encountering abandoned cities and strange creatures on a desolate Mars.

Later films continued this theme. "Zombies of the Stratosphere" (1952) involved Martians trying to blow up Earth to move Mars into a better orbit. "Devil Girl from Mars" (1954) presented a female alien seeking Earth males to repopulate a Mars dominated by women. "Quatermass and the Pit" (1967) explored the discovery of an ancient Martian ship in London, revealing humanity's origin as a product of Martian genetic engineering. More recent films like "Total Recall" (1990) and "Mission to Mars" (2000) depicted Earthlings finding remnants of Mars' past glory, such as giant reactors or evidence of past inhabitants. "Species II" (1998) presented a scenario where alien DNA from Mars infects Earth. "Ghosts of Mars" (2001) involved a police patrol on a terraformed Mars awakening ancient Martian spirits.

The article concludes that these later films draw from advances in Mars exploration and the ALH84001 meteorite, but lack the naive charm of earlier works. The nostalgia for a younger, friendlier Mars reflects a longing for humanity's own past.

Article 4: "ENCUENTROS INCÓMODOS DEL TERCER TIPO: EL MITO OVNI Y LAS PELÍCULAS DE SERIE B" (Uncomfortable Encounters of the Third Kind: The UFO Myth and B-Movies)

This article by Martin Kottmeyer critically examines the phenomenon of UFOs and alien abductions, arguing that much of it is influenced by and mirrors science fiction, particularly B-movies. Kottmeyer posits that science, as a noble pursuit of truth, is distinct from "bad science" like ufology, which relies on weak, anecdotal, and irreproducible data, often shrouded in sensationalism. He argues that the portrayal of aliens in UFO lore is often a superficial amalgamation of terrestrial chauvinisms, with "good" aliens being idealized Aryans and "bad" aliens embodying horror movie clichés. Despite their supposed advanced technology, these aliens are often depicted as incompetent, using outdated methods and equipment. Kottmeyer points to specific examples, like the Travis Walton abduction, where the escape seems too simplistic, akin to movie plots. He suggests that UFO phenomena often borrow elements from science fiction, such as anti-gravity propulsion, mental control, and force fields, but unlike fiction writers who acknowledge these as narrative devices, ufologists present them as factual.

The article highlights the case of Betty and Barney Hill as a seminal abduction report. Kottmeyer analyzes their account, suggesting that Betty's nightmares and subsequent description of the abduction bear striking resemblances to elements from the 1953 film "Invaders from Mars." He meticulously breaks down specific details, such as the star map shown to Betty, the description of the aliens' eyes, and the surgical procedures, drawing parallels to scenes and concepts from the movie and other science fiction works like "Star Trek." Kottmeyer argues that these similarities are not coincidental and that the UFO phenomenon often incorporates cultural material from forgotten or obscure sources, giving an advantage to those familiar with low-budget science fiction.

He further examines other UFO researchers' arguments for the distinctiveness of UFO experiences from science fiction, finding them flawed. The article mentions that even prominent UFO investigators have had to discard UFO accounts due to clear influences from "Star Trek." Kottmeyer concludes that while ufology might be considered "bad science," it is undeniably entertaining, offering a raw, unrefined emotional authenticity that polished fiction sometimes lacks because it doesn't dare to ask the audience to believe in the impossible.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine "Anomalía" consistently explores topics that lie at the fringes of conventional science and popular culture. This issue, "Trece Cosas Sin Sentido," showcases this by delving into potential anomalies in fundamental physics (the fine structure constant), controversial scientific pursuits (cold fusion), and the intersection of speculative science with fiction (Mars in cinema, UFOs and science fiction). The editorial stance appears to be one of critical inquiry, presenting these topics with detailed analysis and, in the case of UFOs and science fiction, a skeptical eye towards the origins and influences of reported phenomena. The magazine aims to inform readers about unexplained phenomena, scientific debates, and their cultural representations, encouraging a thoughtful, albeit sometimes critical, examination of these subjects.

This issue of "Anomalia" (No. 6, Vol. 2), dated October 2005, is titled "Encuentros Incómodos" (Uncomfortable Encounters) and focuses on the complex interplay between UFO abduction accounts and popular culture, particularly cinema and television. The central thesis is that many details in reported alien encounters are not independent observations but rather cultural transmissions, heavily influenced by fictional portrayals.

The "Enveloping Eyes" and the Hill Case

The article begins by examining the popularization of the term "enveloping eyes" following the Barney and Betty Hill abduction case. It suggests that this detail, along with others, might have originated from a false memory or cultural suggestion, possibly linked to the TV series "The Bellero Shield." This sets the stage for the broader argument that apparent similarities between abduction cases can be a result of shared cultural influences rather than independent corroboration of alien traits.

The Herb Schirmer Case and "Mars Needs Women"

The abduction of Herb Schirmer in 1967 is analyzed, with the author pointing out striking similarities between Schirmer's description of aliens and their attire and the 1966 film "Mars Needs Women." Details such as the "diving suit"-like costumes and the concept of "reproductive analysis" are directly linked to the film's plot and themes, questioning the independent validity of Schirmer's account.

Cultural Echoes in Other Abduction Narratives

The issue explores several other abduction cases, consistently seeking potential cultural influences:

• C.A.V. Case (Peru, 1968): The alien ability to divide themselves is linked to the 1964 film "Kiss Me Quick."
• Brian Scott Case (1970s): Details of Scott's abduction, including the concept of clones and a planetary cataclysm on December 14, 2011, are traced to the TV series "The Questor Tapes" and the documentary "The Outer Space Connection."
• Sandra Larson Case (1975): The claim of having her brain reconnected differently is compared to the Star Trek episode "Spock's Brain."
• Longmont Abduction (Colorado, 1980): The description of the alien and its suit is linked to the TV series episode "The Keeper of the Purple Twilight."
• Gulf Breeze Sightings: The description of a UFO with a luminous ring propulsion system is compared to the TV series "Greatest American Hero," and segmented force fields are linked to the film "Dune."
• Budd Hopkins' Disciples: The work of David Jacobs and John Mack on hybridization is framed within the context of science fiction and horror films like "Inseminoid."
• Arthur's Quote: A statement by an abductee that aliens call humans "complete idiots" is directly paralleled with a line from the film "Plan Nine From Outer Space."
• Brad Steiger's "Zoltar": The name "Zoltar" is suggested to be a typo for "ZONTAR, The Monster from Venus," a B-movie monster.

The "Caza-Fantasmonas" Section

This section, originally conceived in 1989 for a B-movie magazine, reflects on the author's early work and its unexpected citation. It discusses the influence of B-movies and cult films on UFO lore, mentioning cases like Orfeo Angelucci's contactee experiences and the film "The Stranger Within."

Further Examples of Cultural Influence

• "Mother By Protest" and other films: The article lists several films and novels that explored themes of artificial insemination and human-alien hybrids, predating modern abduction narratives.
• Gulf Breeze UFOs: The distinctive ring propulsion system of the Gulf Breeze UFO is compared to the ship in "Greatest American Hero."
• "The Questor Tapes" and "The Outer Space Connection": These media are cited as influences on Brian Scott's abduction narrative, particularly the date of a supposed cataclysm.
• "Plan Nine From Outer Space": A quote from an abductee is directly linked to a line from this film.
• "Alien II (Aliens)": A report of mutilated humans is attributed to the influence of this film.
• Carl Sagan and Star Trek: A letter to Sagan about a star cruiser crew resembling Mr. Spock is mentioned.

Visual Evidence and its Interpretation

The issue includes several images and illustrations, such as:

• A drawing of the Schirmer abduction.
• Images from the film "Close Encounters of the Third Kind."
• Drawings of aliens by Steven Kilburn and William Herrman, compared to film depictions.
• Illustrations from "Fantasy Empire" and "Alien Discussions."
• Images from the TV series "Out of the Unknown" and "Jason of Star Command."
• Illustrations from Edith Fiore's book "Encounters."

The author consistently questions the originality of these visual representations, linking them to existing cinematic works.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The overarching theme of this issue is the pervasive influence of popular culture on UFO abduction narratives. The editorial stance is critical of the uncritical acceptance of abduction accounts, suggesting that many details are likely products of cultural conditioning, media exposure, and psychological factors rather than direct encounters with extraterrestrial beings. The article advocates for a more discerning approach to ufological evidence, emphasizing the need to identify and account for cultural contamination. The author's own journey, from initially considering some influences to a more comprehensive analysis of media impact, is evident throughout the text. The issue concludes by noting the translation of the article into English and its surprising widespread citation despite being previously unpublished in its entirety.

This issue of "LOS SONIDOS DEL SILENCIO" (The Sounds of Silence) from "Anomalia" magazine, volume 2, issue 6, dated July 6, 2018, explores two distinct yet thematically linked subjects: the unique electronic instrument known as the theremin and its association with science fiction, and a critical examination of alleged UFO sightings in historical art.

The Theremin: The Sound of Silence and Science Fiction

The first article, "Los Sonidos del Silencio" (The Sounds of Silence) by Luís R. González Manso, begins by referencing the common observation that UFOs move in absolute silence. It introduces the "Oz effect," a phenomenon where witnesses report a complete cessation of ambient sounds when encountering a UFO. To fill this sonic void, especially in cinema, composers have utilized the theremin.

The theremin, invented by Léon Theremin (born Lev Sergeivitch Termen, 1896-1993), is described not as a composer but as an inventor. While studying radio receivers in 1918, Theremin accidentally discovered that certain parts of the apparatus were sensitive to hand proximity, allowing him to "play" oscillations without touching the instrument. This characteristic, "played without touching," makes it notoriously difficult to master, as both volume and pitch respond to the performer's movements. Notable theremin interpreters include Clara Rockmore and Lydia Kavina.

The instrument's basic design consists of a box with two antennas (vertical and horizontal) and relies on two high-frequency oscillators (around 200-500 kHz). One oscillator remains fixed, while the other's frequency is varied by the capacitance of the player's hand near an antenna, causing the pitch to drop as the hand approaches and rise as it moves away. A separate system controls volume. When these oscillators are mixed in a non-linear amplifier, the audible difference between their frequencies produces the instrument's distinctive sound.

The theremin's sound is often compared to a soprano or violin but is fundamentally different, possessing an expressive and immaterial quality described as "music of the ether" or "supernatural music." This unique sound led composers to incorporate it into their works, particularly for science fiction and horror film scores.

Léon Theremin's life is presented as unusual. After initial success in the Soviet Union, where Lenin himself was impressed and ordered hundreds of instruments to be made, Theremin toured globally. In 1926, he sold his patent to RCA in the United States, where around three hundred units were built. He settled in New York, married a dancer from his ballet company, but in 1938, he was abducted by Soviet agents and sent to a concentration camp for seven years. He was later rehabilitated, partly for inventing a miniature microphone. He survived the communist regime and died in Leningrad in 1993.

The theremin's versatility is highlighted by its use in popular music, such as the Beach Boys' "Good Vibrations" and Led Zeppelin's "Whole Lotta Love." However, its most frequent application remains in background music for the unreal and terrifying, especially in genre films.

In cinema, the theremin's notes became almost inevitably associated with the subconscious and supernatural due to its ethereal nature. Russian composer Dmitri Shostakovich first used it in the Soviet Union's first sound film, "Solo" (1930), for a storm scene, creating a strange and mysterious atmosphere. It was also used in "Bride of Frankenstein" (1923).

Miklós Rózsa notably employed the theremin in the score for "The Long Weekend" (1945) and later in Alfred Hitchcock's "Spellbound" (1945). In "Spellbound," the theremin's sound, combined with Salvador Dalí's surreal sets, effectively portrayed the protagonist's hidden mental world, earning Rózsa his first Oscar and establishing the instrument's power in musical characterization.

Bernard Herrmann's use of the theremin in "The Day the Earth Stood Still" (1951) indelibly linked it to the science fiction genre. It subsequently appeared in films like "The Thing from Another World" (1951), "It Came from Outer Space" (1953), "Project Moon Base" (1953), and "Earth vs. The Spider" (1958).

More recently, composers like Howard Shore have continued to use the theremin, for instance in "Ed Wood" (1994) to depict the life of a B-movie producer. Elmer Bernstein used it in "The Ten Commandments" (1956) for the plague scenes. Even in contemporary films like David Cronenberg's "Existenz" (1999) and "Mars Attacks!" (1996), the theremin's distinctive sound is employed, with Danny Elfman referencing classic sci-fi films.

UFOs, Hats, Clouds, and Impudence

The second article, "OVNIs, sombreros, nubes y desvergüenza" (UFOs, Hats, Clouds, and Impudence) by Mauricio-José Schwarz, addresses the recurring theme in ufology of alleged UFOs or inexplicable objects appearing in ancient paintings. The author argues that this phenomenon is often based on profound ignorance and deliberate misinformation by those who promote supposed mysteries for commercial gain.

The article criticizes figures like Íker Jiménez and Javier Sierra, accusing them of lacking basic knowledge of art history. It lists thirteen examples commonly cited as evidence of UFOs in art:

1. "The Crucifixion" (1350), Visoki Decani Monastery, Kosovo.
2. "The Tebaide" fragment from "Scenes from Monastic Life" by Paolo Uccello (c. 1460).
3. "The Annunciation of Saint Emidius" by Carlo Crivelli (1486), London Gallery.
4. "Exaltation of the Eucharist" by Ventura Salimbeni (1600), San Lorenzo Church, Montalcino, Italy.
5. "The Virgin with Child and Saint John" (15th century), attributed to Sebastiano Mainardi or Jacopo del Sellaio, Palazzo Vecchio, Florence.
6. "The Miracle of the Snow" by Masolino da Panicale (c. 1428), National Museum of Capodimonte, Naples.
7. Two illustrations from the 14th-century manuscript "Annales Laurissenses" depicting a "UFO" seen in 776.
8. A 1338 engraving from the French book "Le el Des Bonnes Moeurs," Musée Condé, Chantilly, France.
9. A German engraving from 1561.
10. An illustration from "Prodigiorum liber" by Julius Obsequens.
11. Two 14th-century tapestries, "The Life of Mary" and "La Magnífica," Notre Dame, Beaune, Burgundy.
12. The tapestry "The Triumph of Summer" (1538), National Museum of Bayerisches.
13. "The Baptism of Christ" by Aert de Gelder (1710).

The author contends that "crypto-ufologists" often misinterpret paintings by using imagination and audacity, or by seeing "lenticular clouds" (which have nothing to do with UFOs) and concluding they are alien spacecraft. This is likened to someone being shown a dog and concluding that all pictures of celery hide a dog.

Javier Sierra is quoted regarding "The Miracle of the Snow," questioning whether the objects resembling clouds from which snow falls are indeed just clouds. The article asserts that the answer is yes, they are clouds. It compares this to saying that in Velázquez's "The Surrender of Breda," UFOs look like lances.

The article criticizes the "experts" in UFOs for lacking knowledge of art history, particularly medieval and Renaissance art. It suggests that these individuals study little, prioritize sensationalism, and dismiss established art historical findings, often labeling mainstream science as a conspiracy.

Regarding the "Crucifixion" painting (item 1), art student Alexander Paunovitch in 1964 interpreted two objects on either side of Christ as "spacecraft with occupants." The author, citing art expert Diego Cuoghi, explains that these are conventional representations of the sun (left) and the moon (right), a common motif in medieval crucifixions originating from pagan solar deities and continuing through Roman times. Hundreds of examples are presented to illustrate this artistic convention.

The article emphasizes that each era and culture has its own visual codes. What appears as a UFO to a modern observer might be a religious symbol, a mythological figure, or a common object within the context of the time. For instance, a Mayan depiction interpreted by Erich von Däniken as a UFO taking off is actually a representation of corn.

In medieval and Renaissance religious art, artists had limited freedom of choice due to the Inquisition and patrons. They were commissioned to depict specific subjects according to established conventions. The article argues that these artists were not free to inject personal commentary, unlike modern artists who are often perceived as more expressive.

An example is given of Paolo Uccello's "Scenes from Monastic Life" (item 2). "UFO experts" interpret a figure as worshipping Christ with a dog, and a red flying saucer below it emitting smoke. The author clarifies that the figure is Saint Jerome, a penitent hermit, and the "dog" is a lion, part of his iconography. The "saucer" is identified as a red, flat-brimmed hat, a symbol of his cardinal status, with tassels. This interpretation is supported by a 1348 biography that instructed painters to depict Saint Jerome with such a hat.

The article also addresses Carlo Crivelli's "The Annunciation of Saint Emidius" (item 3), where a "UFO" emitting a beam of light that strikes the Virgin Mary is claimed. The author implies that a closer examination would reveal the true nature of the depicted elements, suggesting that the "experts" avoid such scrutiny.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine consistently adopts a critical and skeptical stance towards claims of UFO phenomena, particularly when they intersect with historical art or popular culture. The editorial line appears to favor rational explanations grounded in historical context, art history, and scientific understanding, debunking sensationalist interpretations and highlighting the role of misinformation and ignorance in perpetuating pseudoscientific beliefs. The theremin, while a fascinating instrument with a unique sound, is presented through its historical and artistic significance, particularly its role in shaping the sonic landscape of science fiction cinema, rather than any paranormal associations.

This issue of Revista Anomalia, titled "OVNIs, sombreros, nubes y desvergüenza" (UFOs, hats, clouds, and impudence), published in 2018, critically examines common interpretations of UFO phenomena, particularly how they are perceived in religious art and the implications of the Fermi Paradox.

The Misinterpretation of Religious Art as UFO Evidence

The magazine argues that many elements in religious art, especially from the Renaissance, are frequently misinterpreted by ufologists as evidence of UFOs. The article "OVNIs, sombreros, nubes y desvergüenza" highlights how cloud formations, angelic figures with halos, and depictions of the sun and moon are often seen as disc-shaped craft or alien beings. It criticizes the tendency to label any unusual aerial phenomenon in historical art as an "ovni" without proper art historical analysis. The text points out that these artistic representations are symbolic, metaphorical, or iconic, representing religious concepts like the heavens or divine intervention, rather than literal depictions of extraterrestrial technology. Examples include depictions of the Annunciation, where swirling clouds and angelic beings are interpreted as spacecraft, and the "luminous clouds" mentioned in apocryphal gospels.

The "Sputnik" in Salimbeni's "Exaltation of the Eucharist"

A specific case discussed is Ventura Salimbeni's painting "Exaltación de la eucaristía," where some "experts" claim to see a depiction of Sputnik I, the first Soviet satellite launched in 1957. The article refutes this by detailing the actual appearance of Sputnik I, noting its four tangential antennas, silver plating, and lack of "space cameras," contrasting it with the painting's depiction of a "globe of creation" with the sun, moon, and two figures holding scepters. The "T" shape on the globe is explained as a historical symbol for the world, and the red cross on Christ's scepter is a clear religious symbol, not an antenna.

Symbolic Representations vs. Literal Interpretations

The article emphasizes that hundreds of Renaissance paintings feature similar motifs of celestial vortices and angelic beings, all part of religious iconography and symbolism, not evidence of extraterrestrial visitation. It criticizes those who promote "cheap mysteries" by clinging to literal interpretations of art and historical texts, ignoring the role of imagination, symbols, and metaphors. The authors suggest that these "mystery merchants" refuse to accept that artists use imagination and symbolic language, instead insisting that every depiction is a precise representation of reality.

The Fermi Paradox and "The Great Silence"

The article "EL GRAN SILENCIO" (The Great Silence) by César Esteban explores the Fermi Paradox, which questions the apparent contradiction between the high probability of extraterrestrial civilizations existing and the lack of evidence for their existence. The paradox is introduced through a discussion among scientists Enrico Fermi, Edward Teller, Emil Konopinski, and Herbert York in 1950, who pondered why, if aliens exist, we haven't been visited.

Fermi's Reasoning and Sagan's Recall

Fermi's initial thought was that interstellar travel might be physically impossible or that technological civilizations do not survive long enough to undertake such journeys. Carl Sagan later recalled this discussion in 1966, and the problem was formally named the "Fermi Paradox" by David Viewing in 1975. The article notes that this reasoning is often used by those who argue for humanity's unique status in the galaxy.

Proposed Solutions to the Paradox

Several solutions to the Fermi Paradox are discussed:

• Extraterrestrials are already here: This popular idea is dismissed by the scientific community due to a lack of objective evidence after decades of investigating UFO reports.
• No other intelligent extraterrestrials exist: Michael Hart's 1975 article suggested that Earth might be the only civilization in the galaxy. Frank Tipler proposed that advanced civilizations might use self-replicating probes (Von Neumann probes) for exploration instead of manned interstellar travel, and if such probes haven't colonized the galaxy, then no such intelligent civilization exists.
• Technological civilizations are rare or short-lived: Some theories suggest that the evolution of life or the conditions for intelligent life have only recently become favorable, or that intelligence inherently leads to self-destruction through weapons of mass destruction. Others cite the extreme difficulty and cost of astronomical travel.
• The "Zoo Hypothesis": This hypothesis posits that advanced civilizations have established protocols to avoid contact with emerging species, akin to ecological conservation efforts. This implies that any observed UFOs are not from civilizations that would adhere to such rules, or that their presence is deliberately hidden.

The Challenge of Understanding Alien Minds

The article concludes that attempting to solve the Fermi Paradox involves philosophical speculation based on limited data. It highlights the difficulty of understanding the motivations and actions of beings fundamentally different from humans, quoting Stephen Jay Gould's statement about the impossibility of predicting extraterrestrial intelligence's behavior.

The Bellefontaine, Ohio Radar/Visual Case (1952)

Patrick Gross analyzes the 1952 radar/film/visual case of Bellefontaine, Ohio. On August 1, 1952, a radar station detected an object moving at 400 knots. An interception mission involving two F-86 fighter jets was launched. The pilots visually observed and filmed a round, silver object, estimating its diameter to be between 25 and 40 feet. The object was also detected by the jet's radar.

Initial Investigation and Conclusion

Lieutenant Andy Flues of Project Blue Book initially classified the case as "unknown." While he sought a conventional explanation, such as a meteorological balloon, the object's reported speed of 400 knots conflicted with this hypothesis. The article notes that the official Blue Book report eventually concluded the object was likely an unannounced aircraft, despite the unusual circumstances of the interception and the initial classification.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

This issue of Revista Anomalia adopts a strongly skeptical and rationalist stance towards UFO phenomena. The editorial board appears to advocate for critical thinking, scientific analysis, and a rejection of sensationalism and unsubstantiated claims. The magazine aims to debunk popular myths by grounding interpretations in art history, scientific reasoning, and established facts, while criticizing those who promote "mysteries" for commercial gain or to mislead the public. The underlying message is that ignorance fuels the perception of the unexplained, and that a deeper understanding of art, science, and history can demystify many phenomena attributed to UFOs or other paranormal events.

This issue of Revista Anomalia, identified as issue number 6 from volume 2, covers events from November-December 2005. The primary focus is on UFO (OVNI) activity in Necochea, Argentina, with a secondary section revisiting the Bellefontaine case and its analysis.

Bellefontaine Case Analysis

The article begins by re-examining the Bellefontaine radar echo incident. The explanation proposed by Andy Flues of the Blue Book suggests that the radar detected a low-flying, unannounced reaction aircraft. A malfunction in the Bellefontaine radar prevented tracking, but visual observation by F-86 pilots identified the object as a high-altitude meteorological balloon. The author notes that while this explanation seems satisfactory if certain 'rarities' are omitted, it relies on a coincidence.

The article then critiques the "pseudo-survey" conducted by the Condon Group regarding this case. The Condon program, intended to definitively address the UFO question, concluded that studying UFOs offered no scientific gain. The author criticizes the Condon Group for not consulting initial investigators and for re-hashing the Air Force's "unknown" conclusion, then presenting a balloon explanation. They highlight the group's manipulation of data, specifically the speed of 400 knots being re-interpreted as "44 knots," which they deemed "compatible with the speed of a balloon." This is presented as an example of the Condon Group's 'armchair investigation' that bent facts to fit their conclusions.

Professor James E. McDonald is mentioned for including this case in a list of 'explained' cases by Condon, which he believed would not withstand scrutiny. The author concludes that while some doubts remain, without new evidence to challenge the generally accepted development, Flues's explanation from the Blue Book is considered correct. Captain Ed Ruppelt's final word on the Bellefontaine case is quoted, stating that their search and analysis were complete, and when they classified a report as "unknown," it truly was unknown.

References are provided for the Bellefontaine case, citing works by Major Donald E. Keyhoe, the Blue Book Special Report No. 8, Professor James E. McDonald, and Captain Edward J. Ruppelt.

Necochea (Argentina) UFO Activity: November-December 2005

This section, authored by Guillermo Daniel Giménez, details multiple UFO sightings in Necochea during November and December 2005. The article highlights witness testimonies and photographic evidence obtained via cell phone.

November 20, 2005 Incident

At 23:40 on Sunday, November 20, 2005, a crew of workers from the DYCASA company, engaged in expanding the South Pier at the Port of Necochea, observed a large, circular object over the sea moving south. The night was clear and calm. The object was described as large, circular, emitting multiple colors (blue, red, yellow, white) without noise. Many people on the coast witnessed the silent passage of the object. Carlos Franzoni, one of the workers, described the object as losing itself in the direction of Punta Negra. Local airport authorities confirmed no aircraft were in the area.

December 2005 Incidents

On Friday, December 16, 2005, two UFO incidents were reported.

First Incident (December 16, 2005): At approximately 23:30, Oscar Salverón and his family, while driving near Necochea, observed a large, round object hovering low over the ground. Initially mistaken for the moon, it was later described as pulsating and changing colors, appearing like a large illuminated balloon. Multiple vehicles witnessed the object, which then moved at high speed towards Necochea. Oscar Salverón is identified as a planner for CARGILL.

Second Incident (December 16, 2005): On the same night, another Necochea family observed a large circular object moving silently across the star-filled night sky, leaving a luminous trail. The observation lasted a few seconds before the object disappeared towards the sea.

December 26, 2005 Incident

On Monday, December 26, 2005, several people in the Puerto de Quequén-Necochea area witnessed a silent, white-yellowish circular object moving across the sky. Marcelo Pintacuda, an agent from the Necochea Electrical Central, captured three photographs of the object using his Motorola C650 cell phone. The object appeared over the port, passing over ships and infrastructure before heading towards the Necochea beach area. The photos were taken at 21:23 and serve as documentation for this incident.

The article concludes that November and December 2005 were active months for unusual aerial phenomena in Necochea, with common characteristics including circular, silent, multicolored objects moving south. The sightings are supported by photographic evidence, adding to the local ufological database.

Hypothetical Extraterrestrial Ecologies

Aurelia

This section describes Aurelia, a hypothetical planet orbiting a red dwarf star. Due to the star's low energy output, the habitable zone is narrow. The planet is tidally locked, with one side perpetually facing the star and the other in eternal darkness and cold. The proposed ecology exists in a narrow habitable strip between the star's vertical position and the dark side. It features "mudpods" (six-legged animals that build dams and are food for "gulphogs," ostrich-like hairy creatures with a third eye), and "hysteria" (diminutive organisms that form large colonies to hunt when food is scarce).

Luna Azul (Blue Moon)

This section describes Luna Azul, a satellite of a giant gas planet orbiting a binary star system. Despite a dense atmosphere and a powerful greenhouse effect, the presence of liquid water is considered improbable. The imagined ecology includes flying creatures, "Pagoda trees" (up to a kilometer high with large, water-collecting leaves), "kites" (enormous floating jellyfish that feed on plankton), "skywhales" (blind, winged whales feeding on plankton), and "stalkers" (bird-like predators with trilateral symmetry and lobulated eyes that hunt in colonies within trees). The term "once on a blue moon" is explained as an idiom for something very improbable.

Bibliography

A list of books is provided, including titles by Nick Redfern, Antonio Chiumiento, D. J. Haskell, J. V. Rosario, Adam Quinn, Harold Sherman, Christopher Humphrey, Iker Jiménez, Lourdes Boïgues, and Pascual Enguídanos Usach.

Awards and Grants

Information is provided about the "Premio Cuadernos de Ufología 2007" (Ufology Notebooks Award 2007), organized by Fundación Anomalía. The award recognizes individuals or entities for their contributions to the study and dissemination of scientific anomalies and the marvelous. Proposals were to be received by September 30th of the year of the call, with the award to be decided by December 31st.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

This issue of Revista Anomalia demonstrates a clear interest in UFO/UAP phenomena, presenting both historical case analyses and contemporary sighting reports. The editorial stance appears to favor rigorous investigation and scientific analysis, as evidenced by the critique of the Condon Group's methodology and the detailed reporting of the Necochea incidents. The inclusion of hypothetical extraterrestrial ecologies suggests a broader interest in speculative science and the possibilities of life beyond Earth. The magazine also engages with the ufological community through its bibliography and the announcement of the 'Premio Cuadernos de Ufología'.

This issue of Revista Anomalia, specifically issue number 6 of volume 2, is dedicated to a 'Bibliography' section, presenting reviews of several books related to UFOs, alien abductions, and paranormal phenomena. The publication is from Fundacion Anomalia, a Spanish entity, and the content is primarily in Spanish.

Book Reviews

Body Snatchers in the Desert by Nick Redfern

The review by Luis R. González Manso discusses Nick Redfern's book, which proposes a controversial theory about the Roswell incident. Redfern suggests that the event was not an alien crash but rather the result of secret government experiments conducted after World War II. These experiments allegedly involved mind control techniques applied to contactees, making them believe they were abducted by aliens. The book also explores the possibility that the Roswell crash involved experimental aircraft, possibly utilizing atomic propulsion and involving Japanese prisoners of war, some of whom were disabled or deformed. Redfern's theory posits that the government covered up these experiments due to their unethical nature and the potential for scandal, especially concerning the use of human subjects and the development of advanced, potentially dangerous, technology. The reviewer notes Redfern's skepticism about the extraterrestrial origin of UFOs, suggesting he is looking for alternative explanations for the ongoing cover-up.

Countdown to Oblivion by D. J. Haskell

This review covers a book based on an encounter Haskell had in 1994 with an entity named 'El Extraño' (The Strange One), who identified himself as Karaz-hu. The book claims that humanity lives in a virtual reality universe controlled by aliens who have been directing human affairs since ancient times. The reviewer finds the premise somewhat fantastical, noting that the encounter reportedly began in a pub over drinks, and that Haskell later experienced abductions, including a trip to the Moon and temporal journeys.

Ho Le Prove by Antonio Chiumiento

Reviewed by Luis R. González Manso, this book by Antonio Chiumiento, described as a ufologist with a fan club in Italy, claims the existence of two subterranean extraterrestrial bases near the Italian-US joint base in Aviano. The reviewer expresses skepticism, noting that the book features the typical 'grey alien' imagery and discusses the claims of contactees. It also highlights an incident where contactees were caught passing off special effects photos from a documentary as genuine evidence of aliens, which they attributed to alien interference.

Isaac Cunningham and the Alien Invasion by J. V. Rosario

This is the first novel in a series about a young American named Isaac Cunningham. The reviewer, Luis R. González Manso, finds the book to be cliché-ridden and unoriginal, heavily inspired by films like 'Invasion of the Mars' and 'Star Wars.' The plot involves Cunningham, who is adopted and whose adoptive parents disappear, teaming up with his alien friend to save humanity. The reviewer criticizes the novel for its predictable plot, unnecessary macabre scenes for a young adult audience, and artificial plot devices.

Little Green Men by Adam Quinn

Adam Quinn's debut novel presents the premise that aliens have indeed arrived on Earth. The 'little green men' in this story are described as having a human-like appearance and an emphasis on ecologism. The reviewer notes that the author's portrayal of the societal impact of this event might be exaggerated and that the story could have been more effective as a short story.

The Green Man and His Return by Harold Sherman

This review discusses a reprint of Harold Sherman's science fiction works. The book is noted for its early mentions of spacecraft's ability to interfere with vehicles and electricity, and for possibly influencing the concept of 'little green men.' The reviewer points out the somewhat naive nature of the early stories, particularly the difficulty in obtaining clear photos of the supposed extraterrestrial. The second part of the work presents Sherman's utopian vision of a moneyless society enforced by alien 'Green Men' in cigar-shaped craft. The review also touches upon Sherman's personal experiences with telepathy and his involvement with the 'Urantia Book' group, as well as his later career in self-help and extrasensory perception. It also mentions Barbara Bartholic, a ufologist who was influenced by Sherman and later suspected him of being extraterrestrial.

UFOs, Psi and Spiritual Evolution by Christopher Humphrey

Dr. Christopher Humphrey, with doctorates in Physics and Philosophy, claims to have developed a new interpretation of quantum mechanics and a theory of the human mind based on it. His book suggests that interstellar travel, which UFOs apparently perform instantaneously, must be achieved through mental powers, which are only developed in advanced spiritual civilizations. The reviewer expresses skepticism about these claims, noting that such groundbreaking findings would typically be published in prestigious professional journals rather than a book of this nature.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue revolve around UFO phenomena, alien encounters, government cover-ups, and the intersection of science fiction and paranormal beliefs. The editorial stance, as reflected in the reviews, appears to be critical and discerning, with the reviewer often questioning the validity of the authors' claims and highlighting the speculative or fictional nature of the content. There is a consistent thread of skepticism towards extraordinary claims, balanced with an acknowledgment of the enduring public fascination with these topics.

This issue of "La Noche del Miedo" (The Night of Fear) features a bibliography section with reviews of several books and works related to ufology and science fiction. The primary focus is on a review of Iker Jiménez's book "La Noche del Miedo," which examines the 1976 Talavera la Real UFO incident.

Review of "La Noche del Miedo" by Iker Jiménez

The review, penned by Luis R. González Manso, critiques Iker Jiménez's book, which reinterprets the well-known 1976 incident at the Talavera la Real Air Base. The reviewer notes that the book shifts the narrative away from traditional extraterrestrial explanations, instead framing the event as an urban legend or a psychological warfare project by "Uncle Sam." The word "extraterrestrial" is reportedly absent from the book's 245 pages.

The review highlights the unusual nature of the Talavera la Real incident itself: three soldiers on guard duty encountered a three-meter-tall, resplendent, green-dotted figure that materialized behind them. After firing their weapons, the figure vanished in a flash. The incident was marked by the abnormal behavior of a dog, the lack of impacts on a nearby wall, and the absence of shell casings. One witness, José María Trejo, suffered psychological consequences requiring hospitalization.

The reviewer expresses skepticism regarding some of the details presented in Jiménez's book, particularly the reliance on an anonymous informant known as "Verne9" who provided information via the internet. The review questions the melodramatic opening of the book, which describes a sentinel's suicide, suggesting it might be fictional. It also points out that Jiménez only documents two deaths related to the case, despite "Verne9's" claims of many protagonists meeting untimely ends.

Further skepticism is directed at witness José María Trejo, who is described as having a tendency towards fabrication. The review cites a cassette recording of Trejo recounting the incident, which was published in a French ufological bulletin, and suggests Trejo may have exaggerated his role and the event's details, such as claiming he fired the shots and that the dog was instantly incinerated.

The review also scrutinizes the testimony of another witness, José Hidalgo, and the introduction of a mysterious "third soldier" mentioned in official reports. The reviewer suggests that Jiménez may be misinterpreting or selectively using information, such as the official report noting an "other" individual, which is identified as the third soldier, Juan Carrizosa.

Chapter 7 of Jiménez's book reportedly introduces a twist, with "Verne9" providing an eleven-page report that explains the figure as a floating entity with a baby, dressed in rags, which disappeared through a wall. This is linked to the "Portuguese" legend and the X-Files archetype. The review notes that while other researchers have struggled to find witnesses for similar phenomena, Jiménez claims to have found hundreds.

The review also discusses the possibility that the Talavera incident was a failed terrestrial technology experiment. It points out how the narrative has evolved, with the original sharp whistle and flash of light being reinterpreted as music and a light in the undergrowth. The distance to the entity is also reduced in later accounts.

The reviewer questions the disappearance of bullets and shell casings, citing Colonel Fernández Chiralt, who stated that they likely remained in the concrete wall and that the search for them was not a priority. The review concludes that the incident might be explained by the nervousness of soldiers and a couple engaged in illicit activity near the base.

Review of "Estel Estel·lar" by Lourdes Boïgues

This section reviews a children's book in Valencian titled "Estel Estel·lar" by Lourdes Boïgues, with illustrations by Anna Roig. The book is described as a "politically correct" short story about a girl named Estel who has special abilities and is fascinated by a blinking star. The reviewer notes that the illustrations depict Estel with features resembling a "Gray" alien, reinforcing the popular stereotype of aliens.

The review discusses how the book reflects the pervasive stereotype of aliens in popular culture, including paranormal abilities like telepathy and precognition, a concept that was debated in ufology.

Review of "La Saga de los Aznar" by George H. White (Pascual Enguídanos Usach)

This extensive review focuses on the science fiction series "La Saga de los Aznar" by Pascual Enguídanos Usach, writing under the pseudonym George H. White. The review begins by quoting descriptions of aliens from the series, which bear striking resemblances to the modern concept of "Grises," including their physical appearance (large heads, round eyes, lack of lips, four-fingered hands) and their logical, emotionless nature.

The review traces the origins of these descriptions, noting that they appeared in a Spanish publication in 1953, predating many other similar accounts. It contextualizes this within the early history of ufology in Spain, mentioning the first wave of UFO sightings in the mid-1950s and the influence of early journalistic reports and alleged photographs.

The review details the evolution of "La Saga de los Aznar," from its initial publication in the 1950s to its reissues and adaptations in comic book format. It highlights Enguídanos's role in shaping Spanish science fiction and the series's enduring popularity, including its recent republication by Silente.

Crucially, the review analyzes the alien descriptions within the series, acknowledging their similarity to "Grises" but also pointing out discrepancies. One significant difference is the stated height of the "thorbod" or "hombres grises" in the series, which is given as two meters thirty centimeters, considerably taller than typical Gray alien depictions. The reviewer suggests this might be a narrative device or a nod to Enguídanos's literary influences.

The review also touches upon the broader cultural context, including the influence of early science fiction literature and films like "The War of the Worlds" and "The Day the Earth Stood Still" on the development of alien stereotypes.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue revolve around the critical examination of UFO phenomena, the reinterpretation of historical cases, and the influence of science fiction on popular perceptions of aliens. The editorial stance appears to be one of skepticism towards sensationalist claims, favoring a more analytical and evidence-based approach to ufology, while also acknowledging the cultural impact of UFO narratives. The reviews critically assess the methodologies and conclusions of the authors discussed, questioning the reliability of sources and the potential for bias or fabrication.

This document is an excerpt from Revista Anomalia, No. 6, Volume 2, focusing on "La Saga de los Aznar" (The Aznar Saga), a science fiction series by author George H. White. The article provides a detailed review and analysis of the series, tracing its evolution through various volumes and connecting its fictional elements to real-world ufology and science fiction tropes.

The Aznar Saga: A Ufological Science Fiction Series

The article begins by examining specific descriptions of extraterrestrial beings from the series, comparing them to known ufological cases like the Kelly-Hopkinsville encounter. It notes how White's descriptions, particularly of alien ears and noses, are distinct from typical portrayals.

The review then delves into the individual volumes of the saga, starting with "Los Hombres de Venus" (The Men of Venus), originally published in late 1953/early 1954. The author discusses how White updated the context of his novels over time, shifting the protagonist's background from WWII to Vietnam. The core conflict of the series is established as a struggle against the "thorbod" (grey men) aliens. Early themes include "brain transplants" and the exploration of Venus.

Subsequent volumes are analyzed, including "La Horda Amarilla" (The Yellow Horde), where the Aznar expedition travels to Venus and encounters plant-like aliens, and the "grey men" are revealed to be from beyond the solar system. The series expands its scope, introducing concepts like the "autoplaneta Rayo" (autoplanet Ray) and large-scale space battles. The narrative also explores themes of social change, such as the inclusion of women in the military.

Later installments, such as "Viajeros en el Tiempo" (Time Travelers), introduce time travel and explore the impact of the Dresden bombing. A new character, Fidel Aznar, is introduced as a hybrid with psychic abilities, influenced by figures like Spock from Star Trek and theories of Erich von Däniken.

The article highlights White's use of "antimatter" and the concept of a "counter-Earth" in "¡Antimateria! – La otra Tierra" (Antimatter! – The Other Earth), drawing parallels to J. Ministral's "Tierra-Dos" and the idea of a planet of antimatter mirroring Earth's evolution.

The review also touches upon the influence of ufological ideas on Spanish science fiction authors like Antonio Ribera, Juan Atienza, and others, who blended ufological themes with fictional narratives.

Connections to Real-World Ufology and Science Fiction

The article frequently draws parallels between the fictional elements of the Aznar Saga and real-world ufological phenomena and theories. It references specific UFO cases, such as the Kelly-Hopkinsville sighting, and discusses the influence of authors like Erich von Däniken and Kenneth Heuer. The concept of alien abduction and the idea of aliens influencing human history are also explored.

The review notes how White's work, particularly in its later iterations, incorporated contemporary scientific and pseudoscientific ideas, including theories about antimatter, hyperspace, and ancient astronauts. The series is presented as a significant example of how ufology and science fiction intersected in mid-20th century popular culture.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in "La Saga de los Aznar" include alien invasions, space exploration, time travel, the nature of extraterrestrial beings, and the struggle between humanity and alien forces. The editorial stance of the article is analytical and appreciative, recognizing the series' importance within Spanish science fiction and its engagement with ufological concepts. The article emphasizes how the saga managed to "hispanicize" popular science fiction, similar to how Diego Valor had done for radio serials and comics.

The article concludes by listing the sources and notes that provide further context and references for the reviewed volumes and related ufological topics.