Cuadernos de Ufologia - No 15 - 1986

Magazine Overview

Title: CUADERNOS DE UFOLOGIA
Issue: Number 15
Volume: Año IV (Year IV)
Date: March 1986
Publisher: CdU
Coordinator: Jose Ruesga Montiel

This issue of CUADERNOS DE UFOLOGIA is presented as a non-commercial publication that serves as a union and exchange for an informal group of UFO investigators. The magazine explicitly states that it does not necessarily identify with the opinions expressed in signed articles, which are the responsibility of their authors.

Editorial

The editorial, written by Jose Ruesga Montiel, reflects on the challenges of maintaining a non-commercial publication like CdU. He begins by acknowledging the difficulty of finding new topics that don't make their mission 'truly hard,' but notes that these situations can facilitate reflection and application to their community. A significant event that prompted reflection was the disappearance of the publication 'UFO PRESS,' communicated by their friend and colleague Alejandro Agostinelli. Agostinelli's lament that "we are alone, José!" highlights the struggles faced by publications due to lack of support, interest, or boredom with speculation. Montiel emphasizes the importance of closing ranks and supporting publications like CdU, stressing that it's not just about criticism but also about daily work and financial support to ensure continuity. He points out that CUADERNOS has introduced a new way of looking at things in Spanish ufology, but warns against extremism. He reiterates that CdU's existence is thanks to the work and support of its readers and collaborators, and that it is crucial to keep communication alive in Spanish, as CdU has crossed borders and shared their community's approach to ufology with others. The editorial concludes with applause for UFO PRESS's work and regret for its cessation, expressing hope to be worthy of continued support.

Key Articles and Features

UNICAT: A UFO Database Project

This section introduces the UNICAT project, a database of UFO sightings conceived and implemented by Dr. J. Allen Hynek and Dr. Willy Smith. The project aims to demonstrate, through direct application of the scientific method, that the UFO phenomenon is a new phenomenon worthy of scientific attention. UNICAT is designed to be a reliable research tool, providing a framework for precisely determining relevant parameters to establish a model or profile of the phenomenon, thereby sketching an operational definition and potentially establishing a new paradigm. The database is built on several principles:

• Quality Cases: It contains high-quality cases, carefully vetted for dubious material and negative cases (identified flying objects). Cases come from around the world, hence the name 'Universal CATalog'.
• Accessibility: The database is accessible to serious researchers, free of charge for those who contributed to its creation, and at a nominal cost for others (covering paper and postage).
• Dynamic Structure: Unlike many computerized catalogs where adding new information is difficult, UNICAT's structure allows for easy correction, deletion, or augmentation of information. This dynamic nature relies on the collaboration of associates to identify errors or omissions in their respective countries.
• Data Integrity: UNICAT programs include routines to verify data integrity and correct errors, including typographical ones.
• Direct Information: Desired information is obtained directly and immediately, without requiring a code book for interpretation. Page titles can be in Spanish or English.

Technical Information: Each case entry includes descriptive information (date, time, light conditions, location, number of witnesses, qualitative information) and specific parameters. Dates are formatted as YYYY-MM-DD for chronological ordering. Time is standardized to the preceding hour for statistical purposes. Light conditions are categorized as Day (D), Night (N), or Twilight (T). Location includes the place name and province/department. Country is coded with two letters (e.g., ES for Spain). The type of sighting is classified according to Dr. Hynek's system, with modifications (e.g., 'RO' for radar cases, 'CO' for non-UFO related entities). The number of witnesses is recorded, with '+' indicating marginal witnesses and '++' for a large, indeterminate number. Durations are recorded in appropriate units (hours, minutes, seconds), defaulting to minutes if unspecified.

• Selection Criteria: Cases are selected based on rigorous criteria, including:
• At least two witnesses, though single witnesses with strong credentials or corroborating physical evidence may be accepted.
• Investigations conducted by internationally recognized ufologists, with published reports.
• Cases not published but investigated by known ufologists may be accepted if a written report is accessible and field investigators cooperate with queries.
• Cases must contain at least 10 parameters from Dr. Hynek's list (ideally around 30).
• A written technical report is crucial for determining parameters.

MAYBECAT: A separate catalog, MAYBECAT, was created for cases that do not meet UNICAT's strict criteria but may still hold potential value. It serves as an administrative tool to easily track cases from numerous sources. While less sophisticated than UNICAT, it contains essential information for identifying sightings. Dr. Hynek noted its unexpected use in analyzing distortions introduced by false cases in studies.

Other Articles

• 'OVNI en el interior de una casa' (UFO inside a house) by Juan Marcos Gascón Valldecabrés.
• 'Proyecto: E.M., Ovnis y fenómenos físicos' (Project: E.M., UFOs and physical phenomena) by Joaquín Abenza.
• 'Modulación social de las oleadas' (Social modulation of waves) by Vicente Juan Ballester Olmos.
• '¿La abducción, clave del fenómeno OVNI?' (Abduction, the key to the UFO phenomenon?) by Antonio Ribera.
• 'Examinando los casos O.V.I. El Factor Humano (IV)' (Examining OVI cases. The Human Factor (IV)) by Paolo Toselli.
• 'Inmenso Ovni detectado por radar en la zona de Tarrasa y Sabadell (Barcelona) la noche del 29 al 30 de Noviembre de 1985' (Immense UFO detected by radar in the Tarrasa and Sabadell area (Barcelona) on the night of November 29-30, 1985) by Joan Plana Crivillen. This article is highlighted on the cover.
• 'CIFE: Boletín Interno' (CIFE: Internal Bulletin).
• 'Dialogando: El ufólogo Ripoll estaba equivocado' (Dialoguing: Ufologist Ripoll was mistaken) by Juan Marcos Gascón Valldecabrés.
• 'Miscelanea' (Miscellany).
• 'ANEXO: Actitud de las autoridades españolas sobre los OVNIS' (ANNEX: Attitude of Spanish authorities on UFOs) by V.J. Ballester, J.A. Fernandez, and J. Plana Crivillen.

Communication

Manuel Gómez Muñoz and Iván Vázquez Sánchez, two collaborators, are temporarily stepping away from their active roles due to professional reasons. Gómez Muñoz will dedicate more time to his business but will remain involved in a less active capacity, particularly with the composition of CdU. Vázquez Sánchez is preparing for his future, temporarily stepping away from ufological activity but will maintain contact. The magazine expresses hope for their successful endeavors and their eventual full return.

Maintenance Aid

An important notice informs readers about an increase in the annual maintenance aid cost by 250 pesetas due to rising costs. Additionally, a 200 peseta increase is requested for bank charges when aid is provided via checks or money orders. The publication emphasizes its non-commercial nature and asks for understanding.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue revolve around the scientific investigation of UFO phenomena, the establishment of structured databases like UNICAT, and the challenges faced by independent ufological publications. The editorial stance is one of promoting rigorous, scientific inquiry, encouraging collaboration, and advocating for the continued support of non-commercial efforts in the field. There is a clear emphasis on moving beyond mere speculation towards a more methodical approach, while acknowledging the importance of diverse perspectives, including those of skeptics. The magazine positions itself as a vital platform for Spanish-language ufological discourse, aiming to contribute to a broader understanding of the phenomenon.

This issue of the magazine features a detailed account of a reported UFO sighting that occurred inside a house in Losa del Obispo, Valencia, in August 1972. The main article, "OVNI EN EL INTERIOR DE UNA CASA" (UFO Inside a House), presents the testimony of Amparo Gascón Valldecabres and the subsequent investigation and analysis.

Prologue

The prologue explains that the author learned of the event through his sister, who had witnessed it years prior. Her testimony was recorded in a preliminary report and submitted to investigator Juan Antonio Fernández Paria of the Agrupación Valenciana de Investigaciones Ufológicas (AVIU), a group the author also belonged to, for identification.

The Witness

Amparo Gascón Valldecabres, born in Valencia in 1960, resided in Aldaya (Valencia) at the time of the event. She was employed at a toy factory and later married and moved to Torrente. At the time of the sighting, she was a student on vacation, staying with her aunt and uncle, Miguel Gascón and Dolores García, in a ground-floor apartment in Losa del Obispo, a small town of about 600 inhabitants located 50 kilometers northwest of Valencia. She is described as having a normal disposition for her age, with no prior special interest in UFOs, and has not seen any other UFOs since. Her eyesight is good, and she has never worn glasses.

The Event

One night in August 1972, around 3 AM, Amparo awoke in her aunt and uncle's house in Losa to use the restroom. As she walked through the dining room, she noticed an object hovering about two meters from the floor and half a meter from the ceiling. She described it as eye-shaped, with a color similar to a "glowing ember," and it appeared to be observing her. The object was estimated to be about five centimeters long and three centimeters high. It made no sound, had no discernible odor, and did not emit heat or cold. It remained stationary and appeared weightless.

Amparo was initially astonished and then frightened by the sight. After about two minutes, the object began to move backward towards her bed. She remained still, watching it, fearing it might move or leave. She decided to return to bed and wait for daylight rather than pass the object to reach the restroom. She took one last look, and the object was still in the same place. She went back to bed but could not sleep, fearing the object might enter the room. It did not, and the next morning, when she woke with her aunt Lola, the phenomenon was gone.

She hesitated to tell her aunt and uncle, fearing they would not believe her or would laugh. The object did not reappear on subsequent nights, but recalling the event sometimes gave her chills. She later told her older sister, Inda, about the sighting, and it was largely forgotten until 1980 when she discussed it with the author.

The Location

The house was described as old, consisting of a ground floor and a small upper floor owned by the same person. It was located on the outskirts of Losa del Obispo, facing the road to Chulilla and adjacent to the local football field. The area is mountainous, with agriculture (grapes, olives, and vegetables) as its main resource. Nearby strategic points include the regional highway nº 234 connecting Losa del Obispo with Casinos and Chelva, and the Loriguilla reservoir, 5 kilometers southwest of Losa. Amparo's aunt and uncle currently live in Chalva (Valencia).

Investigation and Analysis

Upon learning of the case, an initial hypothesis considered the possibility that the Moon was positioned perpendicular to the house, visible through a gap in the roof. However, this was dismissed because the ground floor was below the upper floor. Another theory suggested the owner might have lit a candle in the upper floor, and its light was filtering through the gap. This was also discounted because the light would have been yellowish, not like a "glowing ember." The witness was certain the object was not near the ceiling but about half a meter below it. She was familiar with the house and knew the electric lights in both the ground floor and the upper floor were not functioning at the time.

On-Site Investigations

In late 1982, the author visited Losa del Obispo and examined the house. He noted a window on the ground floor facing the street, protected by vertical iron bars on the inside and a metal screen on the outside. The lower right corner of the screen was torn and pulled away, creating an opening of about 13 centimeters. The house had been closed for years, and the owner was unknown. Neighbors informed the author that the opening had been there for many years, since an attempted robbery, likely around 1970.

His sister Amparo, when asked about the window in 1983, did not recall the detail. In 1984, the author observed sparrows entering and exiting through this opening. He notes that if the sensationalism of the event were set aside, the window opening could have been a plausible entry point for the phenomenon from the exterior.

Conclusion

On January 29, 1982, investigator J.A. Fernández Paria conducted a follow-up telephone interview with Amparo. She reaffirmed her previous statements. Fernández concluded in his personal assessment that the witness was credible, appearing sincere and answering questions without hesitation. She reportedly became nervous when recalling the observation, stating, "it's as if I were seeing it now, I am trembling, I was very scared." He noted that the object's luminosity was contained within its edges. Based on the observed phenomenon and the circumstances, Fernández concluded the sighting was negative, explaining it as a hypnopompic vision.

The author of the article reached the same conclusion. He explains that perception psychology shows that the mind sometimes registers images that do not accurately reflect reality, leading to significant distortions between the real and the imagined. These are called visual hallucinations, where the mind creates images based on misinterpretations of stimuli, such as seeing a figure in shadows that resembles a human form. Such hallucinations can occur in normal individuals due to mental overload, stress, or psychological factors. The original real image is not always necessary.

Hypnopompic Hallucinations

The article further elaborates on hypnopompic hallucinations, which can occur spontaneously, even in daylight, but are more common at night. Factors contributing to nocturnal hallucinations include anxiety, strong emotions, psycho-physiological changes (puberty), psychological disorders, and states of semi-sleep (daydreaming). In Amparo's case, she awoke from deep sleep to use the restroom and perceived a static, eye-shaped, red light. She was frightened and had to interrupt her sleep. Waking briefly from deep sleep does not immediately restore full consciousness but leads to a state of semi-consciousness or semi-sleep, where mental images can be perceived as real. These are related to hypnopompic phenomena and are not indicative of mental illness.

The author concludes that the characteristics of the phenomenon and the circumstances of the observation in this case are a typical example of a hypnopompic vision, which he has recorded for future reference.

The article is signed by Juan Marcos Gascon Valldecabres, Vitoria, October 13, 1985.

"Proyecto E.M." (Project E.M.)

This section, authored by Joaquín Abenza, discusses the importance of studying the physical aspects of UFO phenomena. Abenza argues that while many studies focus on psycho-sociological aspects, there is a gap in understanding the material component of UFOs. He proposes "Proyecto E.M." (Project E.M.) to conduct a deep and systematic study of the physical phenomena associated with UFOs, starting with electromagnetic effects.

The project seeks collaboration from anyone interested. This collaboration can include:

• Searching for similar ongoing work: Sharing information about researchers or projects already investigating the topic.
• Creating a usable database and bibliography: Compiling articles, books, and other resources on the subject.
• Developing a general list of cases with physical effects: Re-interviewing witnesses and gathering detailed information to create statistics.
• Providing data: Sending information about researchers, literature, cases, suggestions, or comments to CIFE (Centro Investigador de Fenómenos Extraños).

The first phase of the project will focus on electromagnetic phenomena, with mechanical and thermodynamic phenomena to be studied later. The author encourages others to begin research in these other areas.

Physical Phenomena: A First Classification

The article presents a preliminary classification of UFO-related physical phenomena into three main groups:

1. Mechanical: Effects caused by mechanical forces (breakages, tracks, acoustic phenomena, etc.).
2. Thermodynamic: Phenomena related to heat and energy transfer.
3. Electromagnetic: Effects related to electricity and magnetism.

The CIFE's Ufology Section will prioritize the study of electromagnetic phenomena.

Development of Work and Diffusion

Work will be centralized within the CIFE's Ufology Section, with correspondence and work meetings held with participants. Reports will be disseminated through the internal bulletin of CIFE and the publication "CUADERNOS DE UFOLOGIA." A general report will be produced upon completion of the project, listing participants and their contributions.

Correspondence regarding the project should be addressed to:

C. I. F. E.
Scc. Ufologia
Ap. 94 ARCHENA
(Murcia)

Detailed Classification of Electromagnetic Phenomena

A detailed chart categorizes electromagnetic phenomena, including:

• Luminic phenomena
• Radioelectric interference (RF, BF)
• Electrical phenomena (power grids, distribution substations, domestic appliances)
• Electromotive phenomena (AC motors)
• Magnetic phenomena (instruments, magnetizations)
• Electrostatic phenomena (static charges, parasites)

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine appears to focus on UFO sightings and their investigation, with a strong emphasis on providing detailed accounts and attempting to offer rational explanations, often drawing from psychological and perceptual science. The inclusion of "Proyecto E.M." suggests a commitment to rigorous, scientific inquiry into the physical aspects of UFO phenomena, encouraging collaboration and data sharing within the ufological community. The editorial stance leans towards a critical but open-minded approach, distinguishing between potential genuine phenomena and psychological explanations like hallucinations.

This issue of "MODULACJON SOCIAL DE LAS OLEADAS" (Social Modulation of UFO Waves), issue number 18, edited by V.J. Ballester Olmos and published in Valencia in August 1985, delves into the complex phenomenon of UFO sightings and abductions. The magazine explores the social and psychological factors influencing these reports, questioning whether they are genuine events or products of the human psyche.

Social Resonance and UFO Waves

The lead article by V.J. Ballester Olmos posits that periods of low UFO activity are often accompanied by reflection and theorization about the phenomenon's global aspects. The author argues that while many UFO reports can be explained by conventional phenomena (astronomy, aircraft, etc.), the current absence of even identifiable sightings raises questions. If the phenomenon is not hiding, why the lack of reports? The article suggests that the perceived 'waves' of UFO sightings might be amplified or even created by the social resonance of the phenomenon, particularly its coverage in the media. This social resonance, represented by level B in a diagram, distorts the baseline level of actual sightings (level A), leading to a multiplier effect in reporting, whether the events are genuine UFOs, misperceptions, or false sightings. The author contends that an external factor, likely the influence of mass media, is responsible for predicting minimum levels of pseudo-UFO observations during periods of scarcity.

The Abduction Phenomenon: Key Aspects

A significant portion of the magazine is dedicated to the phenomenon of alien abduction. A ponencia presented by Antonio Ribera discusses the definition of 'abduction' as a 'rapt' or 'kidnapping,' noting its use by ufologists to describe the alleged seizure of humans by extraterrestrials. Common characteristics of abductions include amnesia on the part of the abductee, which can often be overcome through hypnotic regression. These regressions have revealed consistent patterns in abduction narratives, leading researchers like John Rimmer to develop 'models' of abduction.

These models suggest that abductees are typically healthy, young individuals, often with above-average intelligence, but not necessarily highly educated. The abductions often occur at night, involving a bright light, a 'flying saucer,' and small, large-headed beings who take the abductee aboard a craft. Inside the craft, abductees report a uniform light, a command center with consoles, and undergo a 'medical examination.' This examination can include physical tests, blood samples, and even gynecological procedures, sometimes involving a long needle inserted through the navel, as in the case of Betty Hill.

Abduction Cases and Research

The article highlights the case of Fortunato Zanfretta, described as a 'prototypical' abductee: young, healthy, intelligent, and open. Zanfretta reportedly experienced six abductions, characterized by a high-pitched whistle, loss of vehicle control, and being taken to Monte Marzano. Physical evidence, such as wires on his vehicle's wheels being broken (indicating it was lifted), and medical and psychological evaluations by doctors from the University of Genoa, concluded that Zanfretta had normal personality, an IQ of 93, and was not a psychopath, fabulist, or liar. His employer, Val Bisegno, did not dismiss him, suggesting a level of trust despite the unusual nature of his experiences.

Another significant case discussed is that of Próspera Muñoz, who, after thirty years of amnesia, recalled an abduction experience. Her account contained details consistent with other abduction cases worldwide, many of which had only been published in specialized English, French, or North American magazines. The article notes that abductions of young girls (6-7 years old) are not uncommon, citing the work of researcher Geneviève Vanquelef.

Psychological and Scientific Investigations

The magazine also examines scientific attempts to understand abduction experiences. The experiment conducted by Dr. Aphrodite Clamar, with the assistance of Tad Bloecher and Budd Hopkins, involved subjecting abductees to standard psychological tests without the psychologist's knowledge of their abduction history. The results indicated that the subjects possessed superior intelligence and a rich inner life, with no signs of psychopathology. The psychologist, Dr. Slater, concluded that the subjects were not suffering from mental disorders and that their experiences, while not proving the reality of UFO abductions, were not contradicted by the test findings.

The 'natal trauma hypothesis,' proposed by sociologist Alvin H. Lawson, is also presented. This theory suggests that abduction experiences might be a subconscious recall of the trauma associated with birth. Lawson's questionnaire, administered under hypnosis, aimed to elicit memories related to UFO encounters and their potential connection to birth experiences. However, the article critiques this hypothesis, finding it absurd that an abductee would perceive themselves as a 'duck' or that the abduction scenario would replicate a delivery room.

Discussion and Conclusion

The core debate revolves around whether abductions are 'actual happenings' or 'imaginary happenings.' If real, the implications are vast, suggesting programmed human behavior by unknown entities. If imaginary, it points to a collective human psyche disorder or the emergence of new archetypes, as proposed by Carl Jung. The author leans towards abduction cases being real, citing their homogeneity and the presence of physical evidence. The article concludes by emphasizing the need for interdisciplinary approaches in ufology, calling for the participation of sociologists and other professionals to deepen the understanding of this complex phenomenon.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue are the social and psychological dimensions of UFO phenomena, the nature of alien abductions, and the role of media in shaping public perception. The editorial stance appears to be one of critical inquiry, seeking rational explanations while acknowledging the persistent and often inexplicable aspects of the UFO and abduction reports. There is a clear emphasis on rigorous investigation and the interdisciplinary nature of ufology, moving beyond sensationalism towards a more scientific understanding.

This issue of "EXAMINANDO LOS CASOS O.V.I." (Examining UFO Cases), Volume 28, Issue IV, published in February 1986, focuses on the human factor in UFO sightings and presents a detailed case study of a significant radar-visual event. The content is primarily in Spanish, with an English translation of the title and a translated introduction.

The Human Factor in UFO Sightings

The article begins by exploring how psychological impulses and perceptual biases can lead even prepared observers to misinterpret phenomena. It cites the example of Aldridge in Staffordshire, England, where a police officer mistook the planet Mars for a UFO, illustrating how "the tricks of sight and basic human psychology" can create 'flying saucers' from identifiable sources. The authors, Randles and Warrington, conclude that these factors combine to produce misidentifications.

The text then discusses the importance of group observations in UFO experiences. While multiple witnesses can lend more credibility than a single one, group dynamics can also introduce errors and stereotypes. Experiments by Robert Buckhout showed that group descriptions, though more complete, contained more incorrect details. The social context of multiple observations is deemed as important as the content itself, as it can be influenced by social factors.

Sherif's experiments are referenced to demonstrate how individuals can influence each other's perceptions. In a dark room, a stationary light was perceived as moving differently by various observers, illustrating the autokinetic effect. Some individuals in the group were able to reconcile these divergent perceptions and agree on a common interpretation, often without realizing they were being influenced.

The influence of the general environment on stimulus perception is also highlighted. Unless a critical and analytical attitude is adopted, it is difficult to recognize how surrounding factors affect perception, a principle fundamental to the psychology of illusion.

Group Influence and Suggestibility

Further analysis of Sherif's work reveals the rapid establishment of perceptual 'norms' within groups. The pressures to conform are strong enough to affect even simple perceptual processes. Asch's experiments are mentioned, showing that individuals may conform to a majority opinion, even if incorrect, to avoid appearing different or ridiculous. This suggests that a highly suggestible person could become a convinced witness if confronted with a unanimous group of excited UFO witnesses.

The author shares a personal discovery where a witness correctly identified an object (e.g., the Moon) but changed their opinion to align with a group that misidentified it as a UFO. This highlights the probability of experience transposition in situations of susceptibility and suggestibility, especially when a dominant individual is present.

Cantril's conclusions on the public's reaction to Orson Welles's 1938 'Invasion from Mars' broadcast are recalled. Four psychological conditions that can create suggestibility are identified:

1. Referral to Criteria: Individuals may refer a stimulus to important criteria for interpretation. If these criteria lead to a certain outcome, the acceptance of that outcome is coherent.
2. Lack of Secure Interpretation: When an individual is unsure about interpreting a stimulus and lacks reliable criteria for verification.
3. Inadequate Criteria: When confronted with a stimulus that cannot be interpreted by existing criteria, leading to a search for a satisfactory one, especially when the need to interpret is urgent.
4. Limited Interpretive Options: When a person lacks orientation criteria and believes only the presented interpretation(s) are possible.

These conditions can lead individuals to accept information without critical comparison, especially when overwhelmed by uncertainty and emotional anxiety. This emotional state makes them vulnerable to suggestions, inhibiting their critical judgment.

Rumor and its Impact on UFO Cases

Uncertainty and emotional anxiety are identified as essential elements in the spread of rumors, particularly concerning UFOs. Rumors complicate perceptual and interpretive processes. The author suggests that the uncertainty or unpredictability generated by unstable situations, or by desires and needs stimulated by unsettling events, contributes to the emotional factor. These conditions are linearly related to the strength of a rumor.

Ralph Rosnow's synthesis is quoted: low excitation levels do not generate rumors, but high tension and unpredictability create a greater desire to reduce anxiety, often by following rumor recommendations. This can lead to adaptation and strengthened belief in the rumor, resulting in mental closure.

The impact of rumors on UFO cases is evidenced by how ambiguous stimuli can create anxiety and uncertainty in witnesses. This situation can lead to an optimal combination of emotional and cognitive factors, prompting witnesses to use UFO rumors to alleviate structural tension. Consequently, experienced phenomena become more congruent with societal UFO rumors than with the actual stimulus.

Rumors also foster additional rumors for relief, creating a cycle where a rumor contributes to the situation, and the situation, in turn, generates more rumors. The article poses the question of whether UFO rumors have led to the creation of more UFO cases.

INMENSO OVNI DETECTADO POR RADAR EN LA ZONA DE TARRASA Y SABADELL (BARCELONA) LA NOCHE DEL 29 AL 30 DE NOVIEMBRE DE 1.985

This section, authored by Joan Plana Crivillén of C.E.I., provides a detailed report of a significant radar-visual UFO event.

The Incident:

On the night of November 29-30, 1985, a police sergeant and agent in Tarrasa observed a static, large orange light. Numerous other people in the region also witnessed the phenomenon. The light was described as a powerful blue-white light, appearing elongated with a brighter center and dimmer extremes when viewed through binoculars.

Radar Detection:

Air traffic control at Barcelona Airport was notified. Initially, radar controllers did not observe anything unusual. However, after disabling the MTI (Moving Target Indication) filter, they detected a fixed echo north of Tarrasa, described as a large spot with unusual characteristics, approximately 200 meters in size. It was initially thought to be terrain.

Further Developments:

Around 1:30 AM, an Iberia Boeing 727 (flight IB-064) flying near Sitges reported observing a soft, non-bright blue light in a line shape, described as a "large chicken coop" with windows or compartments, and an intermittent orange point on the left. This coincided with the radar echo's location.

At approximately 4:20 AM, a powerful, mobile primary radar echo suddenly appeared north of Sabadell. It moved south at about 50 knots (90 km/h) for about 1.5 minutes. This object was extraordinarily large, estimated to be about 5 miles (9 km) long and with an almost imperceptible width. After about 50 seconds, a smaller echo, similar in size to a fighter jet (approx. 20 m), detached from the larger object, moving southeast at an estimated 900 km/h for about 15 seconds before disappearing.

The large object also disappeared suddenly from radar screens after about 1.5 minutes. It was oriented east-west, presenting its widest face during its southward movement.

Analysis and Observations:

Controllers confirmed the large echo was moving very slowly, comparable to an ultralight aircraft. The small echo traveled about 4 km in 15 seconds. The altitudes of these echoes could not be precisely determined by civilian radar but were estimated to be above 1,000-1,500 meters, with the fixed echo at several thousand meters. Military radars also detected the objects, and their altitudes were calculated, though these details are not fully public.

At 4:31 AM, a postal Aviocar (flight 302) en route to Madrid was diverted over the sea due to the unknown echoes. The pilots then observed a powerful, flashing white light to their right (towards Tarrasa and Sabadell) that appeared to move in a zig-zag pattern and then disappear. This phenomenon was only visible from a specific position on the coast southwest of Barcelona.

Official Response and Secrecy:

There are mentions of fighter jets being potentially scrambled for identification, but this could not be confirmed. Reasons suggested include the echoes already being within Spanish airspace, the brief detection time, the object's immense size ruling out conventional aircraft, and the infrequent nature of Spanish military alerts. The report notes that tapes of conversations between pilots and controllers were handed over to the Ministry of Defense and classified as "reserved material," with efforts to prevent public disclosure due to national defense and security implications.

Radar Characteristics:

The radar at Barcelona Control Center was verified as functional. The simultaneous detection by military radars, with different operating characteristics, ruled out technical anomalies. The echoes were confirmed to be from solid, material objects. While the radar system had video recording capabilities, the UFO echoes were not recorded.

Exceptional Characteristics:

The immense echo's size (9,000 meters long) is considered exceptional, with no known aerial vehicle of such dimensions. Its horizontal speed of 90 km/h is too slow for stable flight for a large aircraft. The object's sudden appearance and disappearance from radar, not at the periphery as usual, remains a mystery. The report concludes that the case suggests a genuine UFO phenomenon due to the credibility of the sources involved.

A table summarizes the radar data for the three echoes, detailing their start and end times, quality, shape, size, altitude, speed, direction (rumbo), distance, and other notes (fixed echo, mobile echo with abrupt appearance/disappearance).

C.I.F.E. - Internal Bulletin

This section announces the "Boletín Interno" (Internal Bulletin) published bimonthly by the Centro Investigador de Fenómenos Extraños (C.I.F.E.). The bulletin covers investigations, reports, studies, and news related to ufology, parapsychology, and related topics. Interested individuals are invited to write to C.I.F.E. at Apartado 94, Archena (Murcia) for more information or to collaborate. The section emphasizes the goal of making ufology a serious and credible field through scientific methodology and encourages solidarity and collaboration.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The issue strongly emphasizes the psychological and human factors that contribute to UFO sightings, suggesting that many phenomena are misinterpretations of known objects or events due to perceptual biases, group influence, and suggestibility. However, the detailed case study of the Tarrasa-Sabadell radar incident presents evidence that challenges simple explanations, highlighting anomalous characteristics and official secrecy. The editorial stance appears to be one of critical inquiry, acknowledging both the psychological elements and the possibility of genuinely unexplained phenomena, particularly when supported by robust data like radar detection. The publication of the C.I.F.E. bulletin indicates a commitment to serious, scientific investigation within the field of ufology.

Title: DIALOGANDO
Issue: 38
Volume: II
Date: December 1984

This issue of "Dialogando" features a primary article by Juan M. Gascón Valldecabres titled "EL UFOLOGO RIPOLL ESTABA EQUIVOCADO" (The Ufologist Ripoll Was Mistaken). The article revisits a UFO sighting in Madrid on October 13, 1982, which ufologist José Ripoll Campos had identified as a propaganda ultralight aircraft. Gascón, along with other investigators like Gascón, Fernández, and Caso, had previously concluded that the phenomenon was a flock of migrating birds reflecting city lights. Ripoll had criticized their methodology. Gascón details his efforts to verify Ripoll's claim by contacting the Subsecretaría de Aviación Civil de Madrid. The response confirmed that no ultralight aircraft were flying in the area on the night of the sighting, thus proving Ripoll's identification incorrect and his criticism of the other investigators unfounded.

Articles and Sections

"EL UFOLOGO RIPOLL ESTABA EQUIVOCADO"

Juan M. Gascón Valldecabres writes this piece, directly addressing and refuting the claims made by ufologist José Ripoll Campos regarding a Madrid UFO incident from October 13, 1982. Gascón recounts how Ripoll published an article identifying the phenomenon as a luminous propaganda ultralight and criticizing the methods of investigators Gascón, Fernández, and Caso, who had concluded it was migrating birds. Gascón explains that Ripoll's response was to an earlier article by him (Gascón) and further information provided later. The arguments of Ripoll were reportedly rebutted by investigator José Luis Caso Machicado. Gascón pursued Ripoll's suggestion to consult the Subsecretaría de Aviación Civil de Madrid. Upon receiving a recent response, the head of the relevant section confirmed that no ultralight aircraft flew in the area on the date of the observation, thus invalidating Ripoll's theory and his criticism. Gascón concludes with a polite but firm statement, suggesting Ripoll should apply the same critical language to himself.

Notes: The article includes four numbered notes referencing specific publications in "Cuadernos de Ufología" related to the Madrid case and critiques of it, including works by Ripoll, Gascón, and Caso Machicado.

MISCELANEA: Información

"LA SUPERSTICION Y LA PRENSA" by Curtis D. MacDougall

This section, introduced by Luis Hernandez Franch, reviews the book "Superstition and the Press" by Curtis D. MacDougall. The review highlights that the book is a "devastating critique" of the press's treatment of paranormal and extrasensory phenomena. MacDougall, a distinguished journalist and professor, argues that the media exclusively relies on newspapers for information about such phenomena and that the press generally accepts and disseminates claims of supernatural events without critical examination. The review notes that this approach benefits those who exploit sensationalism for commercial gain. The book is described as being 616 pages and published by Prometeus Books, with an ISBN provided.

R. BANCHS OPINA

This section features commentary from R. Banchs, introduced by José Ruesga, who states that Banchs's critique was originally part of a letter dated July 24, 1985. Ruesga believes Banchs's perspective is valuable for establishing criteria in UFO research, aiming for scientific rigor. Banchs offers comments on articles published in "Cuadernos de Ufología." He specifically addresses an article by J.A. Fernández Peris (citing V.J. Ballester Olmos) which suggests that it is not the ufologist's responsibility to explain every detail of stimuli leading to false UFO observations. Banchs disagrees, arguing that the ufologist's role should involve a mature reflection on their statements. He questions whether UFOs might be merely "false observations" and criticizes a "gross vision" of the problem, advocating for attention to subtle details. He emphasizes the need for a well-trained ufologist to distinguish genuine reports from "weeds" and understand the mechanisms behind "noise" in information. Banchs identifies himself as a proponent of a "psychologistic" approach, not to reduce everything to psychology, but to acknowledge that psychological factors are involved in all observations. He expresses doubt that Fernández Peris can adequately answer whether UFOs are physical, psychosocial, or something else. Banchs advocates for critical receptivity and meticulous learning over closing oneself off to knowledge. He concludes by posing the question of how to reliably identify false observations without explaining their origins, suggesting that some authors offer simplistic answers.

ARIFO: LA ALTERNATIVA RACIONAL

This is a brief announcement for a publication called "LA ALTERNATIVA RACIONAL" (The Rational Alternative). It is described as a young publication aimed at those who wish to approach the study and critique of pseudosciences with a skeptical spirit. It is DIN-A4 format, offset printing, with 40 pages, and appears quarterly. Subscription costs are listed for Spain and Portugal (1,000 ptas.) and the rest of the world ($8.00). Contact information is provided for subscriptions, addressed to Luis Alfonso Gámez in Bilbao.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue of "Dialogando" revolve around critical analysis within ufology, media responsibility in reporting on paranormal phenomena, and the importance of scientific methodology. The editorial stance appears to favor skepticism, rigorous investigation, and a critical examination of claims, as evidenced by the detailed refutation of Ripoll's identification, the review of MacDougall's critical book on the press, and Banchs's call for a more nuanced and scientifically grounded approach to UFO research. The publication "LA ALTERNATIVA RACIONAL" further reinforces this skeptical and critical perspective.