UFO Nyt - No 2 mar-apr 1971

Magazine Overview

This issue of UFO NYT, published by SKANDINAVISK UFO INFORMATION (SUFOI) in March-April 1971, features a critical analysis of American researcher Donald I. Warren's theory linking UFO sightings to social frustration and status inconsistency. The magazine is based in Denmark and is written in Danish.

SUFOI Structure and Information

SUFOI is presented as a self-governing institution dedicated to disseminating knowledge about UFOs through publications, lectures, and public outreach. It is led by an executive committee and a representative council. The issue lists the members of the executive committee, including Erling Jensen (Chairman), Gunner Weichardt (Treasurer), Xavier P. Madsen (Secretary), and representatives for UFO-NYT, Peter A. Hansen, Erik Benny Johansen, and John Petersen. Contact information, including addresses and phone numbers, is provided for various SUFOI departments such as the accounting office, expedition, report central, library, and PR department, along with regional representatives across Denmark.

Article: Hr. Warren og UFO'erne...

The main article critically examines Donald I. Warren's assertion that UFO observers are individuals with discrepancies in their education and social standing, and that their 'visions' stem from frustrations with this situation. The article references Warren's study, which was published in 'Science' and also reported in 'Politiken'. The author argues that if Warren's claims are not refuted with serious argumentation, it could harm the objective UFO research field, drawing a parallel to the notorious UFO skeptic Donald Menzel.

Warren's analysis is based on a 1966 Gallup poll and the Condon Report. He uses the Gallup data to support his claim that UFO observations can be described within the framework of individual societal placement. The article highlights that Warren selectively uses the Gallup results, omitting conclusions that contradict his hypothesis. For instance, he ignores findings that suggest age, gender, and education do not significantly differ between observers and non-observers regarding hearing about UFOs, but do influence whether they are considered real or imaginary.

The article points out that Warren's hypothesis is flawed because UFO reporting often leads to ridicule, not honor or recognition, thus potentially worsening the position of those who report sightings. When testing his hypothesis against the Gallup data (1575 respondents), Warren's findings did not hold up. The article notes that UFO observers constituted 5.0% of respondents who had heard of flying saucers, with 5.9% of those with status consistency, 3.3% of those with moderate inconsistency, and 5.4% of those with strong inconsistency reporting sightings.

Warren then attempts to salvage his theory by excluding women and 'negroes' from his analysis, claiming that women are already in a marginal position and that Black people's status reflects a more fundamental status inconsistency than simply being Black in a white society. This leaves him with white men over 21. Even within this group, he finds that those with moderate or strong status inconsistency report sightings more often than those with status consistency.

A significant criticism is leveled at Warren's sample size for his conclusions: he bases his results on only 50 white male respondents. The article also questions the discrepancy in the number of respondents cited in different parts of Warren's analysis (e.g., N=3392 vs. N=3492 vs. the 50 respondents).

The article further critiques Warren's methodology by questioning how he derives his conclusions about what people believe UFOs are, as the specific questions he refers to were not asked in the Gallup survey. The author suggests that Warren may have misapplied Gallup's question number 3.

In conclusion, the article labels Warren's work as pseudo-science, insignificant, superficial, and imprecise, urging him to present a study with greater validity and relevance to the questions he aims to investigate.

Annotations and References

The article includes several annotations:
1. Donald I. Warren is affiliated with the School of Social Work at the University of Michigan.
2. Reference to the "Final Report of the Scientific Study of Unidentified Flying Objects" by Bantam Books.
3. Donald Warren did not mention a more recent 1968 nationwide poll by Caravan Surveys Division.
4. Explanation of the term "status consistency" and its nuances in Danish.
5. Reference to E. F. Jackson's work in the American Sociological Review.
6. A study by W. A. Scott in 1966 is cited, which found that individuals were more likely to report observing UFOs and taboo subjects when asked privately compared to publicly.

UFO-Symposium (Continued)

The issue also features a continuation of a panel discussion from a UFO symposium, focusing on the topic of "UFOLOGI" (Ufology).

Panel Discussion:

• Mr. Roush (likely a committee member) opens the discussion, noting the importance of legislative matters being considered.
• Dr. Sagan emphasizes that the key takeaway for the public is that improving access to information about UFOs is possible with relatively small expenditures. He points out that Air Force surveillance radar is discarding data that could be relevant to the ongoing hearing, specifically 'out-data' for objects not following ballistic paths.
• Dr. Baker agrees, stating that the current surveillance apparatus has excess capacity and could potentially transfer about 50% of its capacity. He suggests that modifying existing radar systems, like the FPS-85, would not be prohibitively expensive, with software changes being the main cost.
• Dr. Hynek supports Dr. Sagan's and Dr. Baker's points, noting that hundreds of 'uncorrelated targets' (unknown objects) are discarded monthly because they do not follow ballistic paths. He suggests that adding an extra program to data processing systems to handle these could be cost-effective.

Further Discussion on Radar Data and UFOs:

• Mr. Boone raises concerns about the increased burden on systems if they have to calculate the trajectory of every target, including aircraft.
• Dr. Harder proposes filtering out objects below 90,000 feet.
• Dr. Sagan clarifies his understanding that if 'out-of-interest' object paths are discarded, there's no way to know if interesting objects above 90,000 feet are being missed.
• Mr. Boone counters that this would require checking all objects and then discarding them, which is not currently done for all altitudes.
• Dr. Sagan suggests that the problem might be that the current system doesn't identify 'unidentified' objects specifically.
• Mr. Boone agrees that this is not done for all altitudes and that certain targets are picked up in specific areas.
• Dr. Sagan proposes that within the altitude range already used by surveillance radar, a method could be found.
• Mr. Boone believes this would complicate matters.
• Dr. Harder agrees that changes to existing systems and adding new units would be complex, though not a multi-million dollar project.
• Dr. McDonald emphasizes that many surveillance systems, including radar and optical systems, have built-in selection techniques to avoid being overwhelmed by data. He notes that UFOs, especially slow-moving ones at high altitudes, might not fit the programmed patterns and thus be filtered out.

He also stresses that the fact that UFO-like targets are not repeatedly seen is not as significant as it might seem, given these filtering mechanisms. He suggests moving towards instrumental techniques.

Apache Junction - Comments on a Physical UFO Evidence Case:

This section discusses a case involving a possible UFO artifact found near Phoenix, Arizona, in February 1970, investigated by Mr. and Mrs. Lorenzen of APRO. The article references a previous mention of this case in UFO-NYT nr. 6, 1970. The object, expected to be material UFO evidence, was handed over to the author, Dr. Walter W. Walker, a professor at the University of Arizona specializing in Metallurgical Engineering and a consultant for APRO.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

This issue of UFO NYT demonstrates a strong commitment to critical analysis and scientific rigor in the study of UFO phenomena. The editorial stance is clearly skeptical of unsubstantiated claims, as evidenced by the detailed debunking of Donald Warren's sociological theory. The magazine prioritizes evidence-based research, advocating for the use of instrumental data and questioning methodologies that rely on small sample sizes or selective interpretation. There is a recurring theme of improving data collection and analysis, particularly concerning radar surveillance, to better understand UFO phenomena. The publication also serves as a platform for disseminating information about SUFOI's activities and regional contacts, fostering a community of interest in ufology while maintaining a critical perspective.

Title: UFO-NYT
Issue: nr. 5, Issue 51
Date: May-June 1970
Publisher: UFO-NYT
Country: Denmark
Language: Danish

This issue of UFO-NYT delves into two significant UFO-related topics: a detailed material analysis of a mysterious object and an in-depth account of a notable military encounter.

Material Analysis of an Unidentified Object

The issue begins with a detailed material analysis of a small, cylindrical object. The object, approximately 1.1/32 inches long and 0.133-0.136 inches in outer diameter, underwent extensive non-destructive testing, including X-ray photography, spectroscopic analysis, and physical measurements. The analysis revealed a central core made of an iron-manganese alloy, approximately 0.024 inches in diameter. This core was surrounded by a fibrous, organic insulation layer, which in turn was encased in a concentric, cylindrical shell of polycrystalline calcite (calcium carbonate).

Initial investigations indicated that the material was artificially produced, but its purpose and origin remained undetermined. Further tests showed the object was strongly magnetic but exhibited no fluorescence, phosphorescence, or unusual radioactivity. The fibrous insulation's composition could not be determined. The ceramic casing, identified as calcium carbonate, was noted as highly unusual, as calcium carbonate (or limestone) had not previously been used as an insulator or dielectric ceramic on Earth.

The article discusses the possibility that the casing might have originally been calcium oxide (CaO), which could have reacted with atmospheric carbon dioxide to form calcium carbonate, releasing heat in the process. This exothermic reaction could potentially explain how the object melted the plastic box it was stored in. However, this hypothesis faces challenges, including the lack of calcium hydroxide, which would also be expected from such a reaction, and the potential for material disintegration due to volume changes during the conversion process.

If the casing was calcite from the start, chemical reaction heat could not explain the melting of the plastic box unless the reaction was rapid and involved a high concentration of CO2. The article suggests further research, including exposing calcium oxide to atmospheric conditions and studying the magnetic properties of the alloy.

Pilots See UFOs: The Gulf Coast Incident 1957

The main feature of this issue is an extensive report on the 1957 Gulf Coast incident, presented by Dr. James E. McDonald. This case, described as "Case No. 5" in the Condon Report, involved an Air Force RB-47 reconnaissance aircraft and its six-man crew being "shadowed" by an unidentified object for over 960 km and more than an hour on September 19-20, 1957.

The object was visually observed by the crew as an intense white and red light and was also tracked by ground radar and the RB-47's ECM equipment. The simultaneous appearance and disappearance from these multiple detection channels made it a particularly interesting case. The report criticizes the Condon Report for downplaying the significance of this incident, omitting crucial details, and presenting a misleading account.

Incident Summary:

The RB-47, on a mission involving weapon and navigation exercises over the Gulf of Mexico, was engaged by an unknown object. The object emitted electromagnetic signals that appeared to be radar-like. The crew consisted of pilot Lewis D. Chase, co-pilot James H. McCoid, navigator Thomas H. Hanley, and three ECM operators: John J. Provenzano, Frank B. McClure, and Walter A. Tuchscherer.

Initial Detection and Tracking:

The incident began near the Mississippi coast when McClure detected a signal on his ECM equipment, initially appearing as a blip at the 5 o'clock position. This signal later moved upwards on the screen, leading to initial confusion about its origin. The object's movement was anomalous, not fitting the expected pattern of a stationary ground radar.

Visual Contact and Radar Lock:

Later, Chase observed a bright white light approaching rapidly from the 11 o'clock position. This light then moved at an incredible speed to the 2 o'clock position and disappeared. Immediately after, McClure detected a strong 2800 Mhz signal from the direction the object had vanished. Both McClure's ECM equipment and Provenzano's system picked up this signal, which persisted and moved with the RB-47, indicating it was not a ground-based radar.

Ground Control Intercept (GCI) Involvement:

The RB-47 crew contacted Carswell AFB GCI, which confirmed the presence of another aircraft approximately 16 km away in the 2 o'clock position. This information, combined with the persistent radar signal, caused unease among the crew. The object's radar cross-section was consistent with a standard aircraft, but its behavior was highly unusual.

The Red Glow and Pursuit:

As the RB-47 approached the object's 12 o'clock position, the crew observed a large, clear red glow, described as "bigger than a house." This visual sighting was corroborated by the ECM direction finder and ground radar. Chase initiated a pursuit, increasing the aircraft's speed. Despite the RB-47's maximum speed, the object maintained a distance of approximately 16 km, following the aircraft.

Maneuvers and Disappearance:

The object then changed direction, heading towards Dallas and Fort Worth. The RB-47 followed. The object eventually stopped, and GCI reported it stationary on their radar. The RB-47 approached it closely, but the object suddenly blinked and disappeared. Simultaneously, the 2800 Mhz signal was lost, and GCI lost the object from their radar. This simultaneous loss across multiple detection systems was considered highly significant.

Later, as the RB-47 made a turn, the red light reappeared behind them, lower than before. GCI again detected an object following the RB-47 at a distance of about 16 km. The object followed the aircraft into southern Oklahoma before disappearing.

Discussion and Criticism of the Condon Report:

The article strongly criticizes the Condon Report for its handling of the RB-47 incident. The report is accused of omitting crucial details, such as the extensive tracking distance and duration, and failing to present the events in a clear chronological order. The author argues that the report's conclusion that the incident was unexplained, yet should not warrant further scientific attention, is contradictory and unjustified, especially given the report's own inclusion of numerous other unexplained cases.

Several hypotheses, including radar anomalies and atmospheric effects like "fata morgana," were discussed and dismissed in the Condon Report. The article contends that these explanations are inadequate and that the incident, with its multiple witness accounts and corroborating sensor data, represents a significant scientific mystery that has been unfairly ignored.

UFO Sightings in Finland

The issue also includes a brief section on UFO observations reported in Finland between October 1970 and January 1971.

Object Photographed Over Helsinki:

On October 15th, a luminous, oval object was reportedly photographed over Helsinki. The image, taken from a car, shows the object hovering over a 6-story building. The magazine appeals for the owner of a specific car seen in the photo to come forward as a witness. It was noted that the car's radio was dead for about a minute during the observation.

Aircraft Pursued by UFO:

On November 29th, a Finnish traffic plane flying between Helsinki and Kuopio was pursued by a UFO for about 15 minutes. A radar operator at Rissala Airfield observed an "echo" at an altitude of approximately 600 meters, moving at 100 km/h. Reports from the area indicated other UFO sightings around the same time.

Other Finnish Sightings:

The article mentions a clear object observed for about 10 minutes by a group in a car near Jyväskylä. Attempts to photograph this phenomenon were reportedly unsuccessful. The area near Heinola/Imjärvi is noted for a previous observation of a "UFOnaut" in January 1970. Rissala Airfield itself had previously recorded UFO formations on radar in April 1969, and a military jet failed to intercept them. Similar formations were later observed over Vasa.

Finnish UFO organizations have sought information from Finnish authorities regarding these radar observations, but official confirmation has been slow.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring theme throughout this issue is the critical examination of official UFO investigations, particularly the Condon Report, and the presentation of detailed, first-hand accounts of unexplained aerial phenomena. The editorial stance is one of advocating for continued scientific study of UFOs, criticizing the dismissal of credible evidence, and highlighting the importance of multi-sensor data and witness testimony. The magazine emphasizes that significant UFO events are often overlooked or inadequately explained by official bodies, suggesting a broader scientific mystery that warrants deeper investigation.

Title: UFO-NYT
Issue: Multiple issues (61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 69, 70)
Publication Date: Various dates, including February 1971, May-June 1970, September-October 1970, May 7, 1970, July 16, 1960, and January 30, 1971.
Country of Publication: Denmark
Price: 30 DKK (for subscription)

Key Articles and Reports

Finnish UFO Sightings (Pages 1-2)

The magazine reports on several intriguing UFO observations in Finland during late 1970 and early 1971.

• Cigar-Shaped Object over Varkaus (December 12, 1970): A large, cigar-shaped light phenomenon was observed by a 12-year-old schoolgirl, Oili Juvonen, near Varkaus and St. Michels. It flew at a low altitude, passed over the town, and was visible for only a few seconds. She described it as being larger than the moon.
• Bright Object at Low Altitude (December 16, 1970): A clear, oblong object was seen flying at approximately 150 meters altitude over Kukeva, Kajana. Watchman Mikko Moilanen reported that the light was so intense it illuminated the surrounding area, and it was not a shooting star or an aircraft.
• UFO Leaves Colored Patch in Snow (January 3, 1971): In Saapunki, near Kuusamo, several people witnessed a luminous fireball moving at low altitude. It landed on the property of farmer Mauno Takala, causing the house's electric lights to go out momentarily. The next day, a green-colored patch of snow, approximately 2x3 meters, was discovered on the farmyard. Chemical analysis of the snow revealed unusual inorganic substances, including a higher-than-normal amount of silicon. The snow also transformed into hollow ice spikes. Witnesses Kalle and Anna Saapunki, living nearby, also observed the bright light. The phenomenon lasted about a minute before ascending and disappearing. Ahti Karivieri from UFO-Oulu investigated the site, and samples were analyzed at Uleåborg University and in Stockholm and London. Dr. Birger Wiik, a moonstone researcher, initially suggested it might be a meteorite but was unconvinced by the spectral analysis of particles, which lacked nickel. He speculated it might have been a powerful lightning strike. However, experts, including Karivieri, rejected this theory, stating the phenomenon could not be explained as a lightning strike, meteor, or satellite debris, especially as it moved against the wind.
• "Angel Hair" and Imprints (1969 Observations): The magazine also mentions older observations from 1969, including reports of "angel hair" and imprints on the ground.
• Objects over Pori (August 1969): Small, reflective objects, 5-7 cm long and 2-3 cm thick, descended from the sky in Pori. They reflected sunlight but became matte as they fell, disappearing without a trace upon reaching the ground. They left no trace and were silent.
• "Rain" of Strips in Kodisjoki (October 6, 1969): During a physical education class, hundreds of thread-like strips fell from the sky, some resembling comets with tails. These were only visible against the sunlight and stuck to clothing. One strip, when examined, was found to be a resinous, sticky, and elastic substance that evaporated. The strips disappeared after 2-3 hours.
• Light Ball Leaves Round Marks (October 8, 1969): Six boys in Vaajakoski observed a triangular light phenomenon moving south. Later, they saw a spherical light, about 3-4 meters in diameter, hovering at approximately 4 meters altitude. It made no sound and lasted about 10 seconds before extinguishing. The next day, round imprints, arranged in pairs 20 cm apart and 5-6 cm deep, were found in the snow within a 1.5-meter diameter area. A high-voltage power line was located 83 meters away. The same evening, Anja Rantanen and her husband also saw a clear light ball, as large as the moon, moving across the sky.
• Split Light Phenomenon (October 9, 1969): The same boys observed a star-like light moving erratically, which then split into two light balls that disappeared in different directions.

UFO Blinds Man in Brazil (Pages 3-4)

This section details a sensational encounter in Brazil.

• Barragem do Funil Incident (August 30, 1970): Almiro Martins De Freitas, a 31-year-old watchman at the Furna Electric Centers power plant in Itatiaia, Brazil, reported an encounter with a UFO. At 9:45 PM, he saw about fifteen blue and yellow lights, described as coming from elliptical openings about 1 meter in diameter. After the lights went out, he saw the object about 50-60 meters away. He approached to within 15 meters and described the object as rectangular, similar to a "flying wing." The object hovered over a dam, and when he fired his weapon, the lights intensified, and a bluish-silver beam emerged, causing him intense heat and a tingling sensation. He closed his eyes and, upon opening them, found he was blind. The object emitted a sound like a jet turbine. Other guards witnessed the event and heard his screams about the beam blinding him. The object's lights changed color rapidly: yellow, almost white, sparkling blue, yellow, orange, yellow, and blue.
• Aftermath and Investigation: De Freitas was taken to the hospital. After two weeks of treatment, including hypnosis, he regained his sight. Doctors diagnosed his blindness as psychosomatic but triggered by the experience. Security services isolated him during his hospital stay. Investigations revealed that the cement at the landing site had hardened, cracked, and developed holes. The Brazilian Ministry of Aeronautics announced the case was under investigation. De Freitas was interviewed by military authorities and questioned by the Brazilian Minister of War.
• Other Brazilian Sightings: The report mentions other UFO observations in the Itatiaia region, including a milkman who frequently saw similar phenomena and guards at the Barragem who were increasingly fearful. On September 3rd, an object near the PAJEU Radio antenna caused a temporary station outage. Later, near Pica de Carapuca, two UFOs were seen with another object. A woman in Belo Horizonte reported being pursued by a UFO emitting heat.

UFOs Over New Zealand (Pages 5-6)

This section covers an observation in New Zealand.

• Mass Observation at Richmond School (May 7, 1970): School principal W. Billing, teachers, and approximately 400 children at Richmond School, Maraenui, observed an unusual aerial object for about 20 minutes. The object appeared as an opaque "hole" in the blue sky, low on the horizon, with an oblong or oval shape. It moved towards the school, stopped near the sun, and appeared as a large, wingless plane reflecting the sun. It was described as massive and metallic. The object then moved northeast, appearing as a round ball with a transparent glow, then flattened, and moved in a straight line before appearing as a clear star. It then lit up again like a "clear blue planet" before disappearing rapidly. Teacher A. Conveny noted the unusual silence of the children and the object's changing shape from oval to round. He stated the object was unlike anything he had ever seen and unlike any aircraft.
• Investigation and Witness Accounts: Mr. Alford of APRO contacted National Airways Corporation and the control tower in Napier to confirm the sighting. He was told he needed permission from Wellington to obtain information. The control tower spokesperson claimed the captain's signature was illegible. Alford and APRO staff believe landing officials should have records of aircraft landing during that time.

Report from Cuba (Page 6)

• Observation in Puerto de Manatti (1958): A Norwegian sailor on watch in a small harbor on Cuba observed a luminous "thing" approaching their ship. The object, described as a luminous circle or ball, stopped about 2-3 km away, dimmed its lights, and remained stationary for about 5 minutes. It then ascended rapidly and disappeared within a minute or less. The sailor noted that there was no engine noise or sound of air resistance.

Short News Items (Page 6)

• Australian UFO Poll: A Gallup poll in Australia indicated that 39% of people believe in UFOs, 39% do not, and 22% are unsure. In 1966, the figures were 35% for, 42% against, and 23% unsure.

Molecules Between the Stars (Pages 7-8)

This section shifts focus to astronomy and astrobiology.

• Discovery of Interstellar Molecules: Scientists once believed interstellar space was devoid of matter. However, over the last 10-20 years, they have discovered complex molecules like water, ammonia, and formaldehyde. Researchers at Bell Telephone Laboratories have detected significant quantities of carbon monoxide in gas and dust clouds in the Milky Way. Astrokemistry, a new field of astronomy, studies these molecules. They emit electromagnetic waves at characteristic frequencies, which radio telescopes detect as "fingerprints" to identify them. Carbon monoxide molecules, for example, emit at 115 billion hertz. Bell researchers Arno Penzias, Robert Wilson, and Keith Jefferts developed a device to convert these high frequencies to lower ones for detection. They targeted the Orion Nebula and detected carbon monoxide. They also found traces of cyan, a compound of carbon and nitrogen, which had been previously detected optically.
• Implications for Life: The discovery of these complex molecules in interstellar space suggests that life, as we know it, could potentially develop elsewhere in the galaxy. Radio astronomer David Buhl believes organic molecules are abundant in interstellar space, and if they can survive the harsh conditions, life may have evolved in many places among the 100 billion stars in the Milky Way.

Cisco Grove Case Update (Page 8)

Richard Greenwell of APRO provided an update on the Cisco Grove case, stating that further investigations by Dr. James Harder found no evidence of fraud. The witness is considered reliable, and no official report has been issued.

Russian UFO Sighting (Page 8)

• Orange Disk over Kazakhstan (July 16, 1960): Geologist N. Sochevanov observed an orange disk, 50% larger than the moon, moving between mountain peaks near Koklal, Kazakhstan.

"Next Bus" to Space (Pages 8-9)

This section discusses the development of reusable spacecraft, specifically the Space Shuttle.

• Space Shuttle Development: The article describes the concept of a reusable spacecraft, potentially resembling a cross between a Saturn 5 rocket and a Boeing 747 jet. NASA aims for a vehicle that can operate in a vacuum, withstand atmospheric re-entry heat, and land like a conventional aircraft. The shuttle is envisioned to be more economical than expendable rockets, reducing the cost of sending materials into space. The article mentions the potential for military applications, such as reconnaissance or "satellite hunting," and the shuttle's role in future manned missions, including Mars expeditions.
• Historical Context: The "lift and glide principle" was known to Nazi rocket scientists who intended to use it for missile deployment.

Lunar News (Page 10)

• Apollo 14 Lunar Landscape: A photograph taken by Alan Shepard shows a rocky lunar landscape with large boulders near the Apollo 14 landing site in Fra Mauro.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine consistently features reports of UFO sightings from various parts of the world, with a particular focus on Finland in this issue. It emphasizes eyewitness testimony, physical evidence (such as traces in snow and chemical analysis), and ongoing investigations by UFO research organizations like APRO and UFO-Oulu. The editorial stance appears to be one of open inquiry into unexplained aerial phenomena, presenting detailed accounts and scientific perspectives where available. There is also an interest in broader scientific topics related to space and potential extraterrestrial life, as seen in the article on interstellar molecules and the discussion of space exploration technology.

This issue of UFO-NYT, dated January 1971, is titled "Hypoteser og viden om vor nabo i rummet" (Hypotheses and knowledge about our neighbor in space). It focuses on recent scientific findings and ongoing debates about the Moon, drawing heavily on data from NASA's Apollo missions and Soviet space endeavors.

VARMT I MANENS INDRE? (Warm in the Moon's Interior?)

This section reports on NASA's second major lunar conference, where 714 scientists discussed findings from the Apollo 12 mission. The consensus was that the Moon is not a cold, unchanging block of rock. Instead, it appears to be still warm internally and was geologically active in the past, with its surface undergoing subtle changes. Evidence for this includes small glassy particles found in the surface samples, believed to be fragments of the Moon's subsurface ejected by meteorite impacts.

FAST KERNE, SIGER EN FORSKER (Solid Core, Says a Researcher)

Dr. Charles Sonett from NASA's Ames Research Center, using data from a magnetometer, proposed a model for the Moon's interior. He suggests a core approximately 2800 km in diameter, not molten like Earth's but composed of a rock similar to terrestrial olivine. Surrounding this is a 95 km thick transition zone of olivine mixed with basaltic rock formed from molten material. The outermost layer is a 240 km thick crust of pure basalt, possibly with convection currents. The crust is believed to be thinner on the side facing Earth due to gravitational pull, which mineralogist Joseph Smith suggests explains the lack of large 'seas' on the Moon's far side.

"ELENDIGT HAVEARBEJDE" ("Miserable Gardening Work")

Analysis of a 40 cm lunar core sample revealed 10 distinct layers, indicating that the process of 'lunar gardening' (pulverization by meteorite impacts) occurs much slower than previously thought, allowing layers to form undisturbed over long periods. This observation is attributed to chemist Edward Anders.

- men russerne siger: „Der er måske is!" (- but the Russians say: "There might be ice!")

This article discusses the possibility of ice on the Moon and Mars, based on Soviet research. Astronomer Vsevolod Troitskij's measurements indicate temperatures around -30°C a few meters below the lunar surface, where water vapor might freeze into ice. Similar conditions are suggested for Mars. The article notes that ice could exist in lunar polar craters, which are so deep that sunlight never reaches the bottom, maintaining temperatures around -200°C. This ice could potentially be detected by low-orbiting satellites or lunar rovers.

„Sitren" i rillerne? ("Trembling" in the Rills?)

Data from the Apollo 12 seismometer revealed lunar seismic activity occurring at intervals of about a month, concentrated near Fra Mauro. Gary Latham identified these as faults or "large cracks" in the surface where movement is still occurring. He reassured that these tremors were too small to pose a danger to the Apollo 14 astronauts.

LUNOKHOD 1 - EN RUSSISK SUCCES! (Lunokhod 1 - A Russian Success!)

This section details the achievements of the Soviet unmanned lunar rover, Lunokhod 1, which began its third active month on January 7, 1971. The rover successfully navigated, explored craters, mapped terrain, and tested the mechanical properties of the lunar surface. It also conducted chemical analysis, identifying elements like iron, aluminum, and titanium. The RIFMA instrument, used for rapid chemical analysis via X-ray spectroscopy, was highlighted. The data collected indicated that lunar soil is fundamentally similar to Earth's soil and related to basalt.

OPGAVER LØST I 2. PERIODE (Tasks Solved in the 2nd Period)

During its second period of activity, Lunokhod 1 examined 40 craters, mapped their profiles, and collected over 4000 pieces of information. It also performed 33 sky explorations using its X-ray telescope. The chemical analysis revealed the presence of iron, aluminum, silicon, titanium, magnesium, potassium, and calcium.

I SLÆGT MED BASALT (Related to Basalt)

Data from Lunokhod 1 was compared with information from Venus 7 and Intercosmos 4. The results were described as "very rare and valuable." Soviet scientists concluded that lunar soil is fundamentally similar to Earth's soil and related to basalt.

FLERE OPSENDELSER I VENTE (More Launches Awaiting)

An article in Pravda suggested that more unmanned lunar probes would be launched in 1971, as Lunokhod 1 alone could not satisfy all scientific demands. The article noted differing desires for Lunokhod to be either stationary or mobile. It was also mentioned that a French-made laser reflector would allow for distance measurements for years after Lunokhod's mission ends. Both stationary and mobile research stations are promised for the Moon in the near future.

STADIG I GANG (Still Going)

Lunokhod 1 continued its operations into its fourth month, with Russian scientists focusing on keeping it functional as part of system testing. The rover discovered titanium and chromium in the soil of the Sea of Rains, along with iron, potassium, and magnesium.

Apollo 14

2. MANEVANDRING VAR BESVÆRLIG (2. Moonwalk Was Difficult)

The second moonwalk of the Apollo 14 expedition highlighted the critical need for motorized surface vehicles. The difficult terrain near Fra Mauro hampered Captain Alan B. Shepard Jr. and Captain Edgar D. Mitchell, limiting their mobility and making exploration solely on foot challenging. The uneven surface, with numerous hidden craters and rocks, necessitated a winding path and frequent stops for navigation. The lunar surface was described as "thin and soupy," and the bulky Apollo 14 suits restricted movement, making ascents difficult and leading to frequent rest breaks.

KONSTANT BØLGET TERRÆN (Constant Undulating Terrain)

The terrain's undulating nature concealed craters and rocks, forcing astronauts into a difficult, meandering path that significantly delayed their progress. This unevenness also obscured landmarks marked on their maps, complicating navigation.

OVERFLADEN VAR BLØDERE (The Surface Was Softer)

Compared to previous Apollo landing sites, the surface was softer, described as "thin and soupy." This, combined with the restrictive Apollo 14 suits, made ascending the 18-degree slope of Cone crater particularly challenging. Future Apollo expeditions are expected to feature improved suits to overcome these mobility issues.

"MANETRILLEBØREN" ("Moon Trolley")

The two-wheeled "Modular Equipment Transporter" (MET), used to carry tools and samples, proved useful but was sometimes difficult to handle on the uneven terrain. Astronauts occasionally opted to carry it to prevent it from tipping over due to the shifting load. The terrain near the Fra Mauro landing site suggested that a motorized vehicle, like the "Rover" planned for Apollo 15, would be more practical for extended lunar excursions.

MANEPRØVERNE (Moon Samples)

This section discusses the lunar samples collected by Luna 16, described as the most varied and well-documented to date. The terrain presented features unlike those described by previous astronauts, including small stones scattered in a "raindrop pattern." Surprisingly, there was less glassy material than expected. Collecting core samples proved difficult as the loose soil would run out of the aluminum tubes when they were extracted.

Luna 16's måneprøver (Luna 16's Moon Samples)

For the first time, a Russian scientist reported directly to an American colleague on the preliminary results from the Soviet Luna 16 probe, which returned about 3 oz. (100 g) of lunar material. The analysis was praised as competent and thorough, though without major surprises. Academician Alexander P. Vinogradov presented the findings, noting that the Luna 16 material was remarkably similar in its petrological, mineralogical, and chemical composition to samples from Apollo 11 and 12. A notable finding was the low titanium content in the Luna 16 sample, significantly less than in samples from the Sea of Tranquility (Apollo 11) and the Sea of Storms (Apollo 12).

BRUG DE NYE UFO-MÆRKATER (Use the New UFO Stickers)

A small advertisement for UFO stickers.

Stadig uenighed (Still Disagreement)

The second annual lunar science conference concluded with the understanding that debates would continue for years. Scientists acknowledged that even a million trips to the Moon might not yield all the answers. Upcoming Apollo missions (two in 1971 and two in 1972) were expected to address ongoing discrepancies in scientific understanding. Key areas of disagreement included:

• Lunar Origin: Whether the Moon formed from cosmic dust or separated from Earth.
• Lunar Core: Its temperature (hot or cold) and state (liquid or solid).
• Lunar Seas and Plains: Their formation through volcanic activity or massive meteorite impacts, and whether the smooth surfaces are due to cosmic dust deposits.
• Lunar Gases: Their connection to moonquakes and tidal forces, and whether they are hot or cold.
• Lunar Magnetic Field: Its existence and strength compared to Earth's.
• Mascons: The large mass concentrations beneath the lunar surface that affected Apollo navigation, their immense weight, and how a liquid core could support them.
• Lunar Events: Whether a massive upheaval 3.5 billion years ago altered the Moon's chemical composition, or if these changes occurred over millions of years.
• Lunar Organisms: Any evidence of past or present life on the Moon, and whether chemical compounds like amino acids suggest the potential for basic life forms.

Despite these questions, the conference featured approximately 200 scientific documents and presentations to 600 scientists, with minor disagreements on results and methods.

HUSK - ny ekspedition! (REMEMBER - new expedition!)

A note from the editorial staff thanking Egon Jørgensen and welcoming Erik Benny Johansen.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this issue revolve around the ongoing scientific exploration of the Moon, highlighting both the achievements of space programs (Apollo and Lunokhod) and the persistent scientific questions. There is a clear emphasis on presenting the latest data and theories, acknowledging the complexities and uncertainties in lunar science. The magazine adopts a tone of reporting on scientific progress while also conveying the sense of mystery and unanswered questions surrounding the Moon. The inclusion of the "UFO-NYT" masthead suggests an underlying interest in anomalous phenomena, though the articles themselves are focused on conventional scientific research and hypotheses. The editorial stance appears to be one of informing the public about the frontiers of space exploration and the scientific endeavor to understand our closest celestial neighbor.

Title: UFO-NYT
Issue: 81
Publisher: SUFOI
Country: Denmark
Language: Danish
Document Type: Magazine Issue

This issue of UFO-NYT, identified as issue 81, provides an update on the organization's activities and reviews significant UFO literature. The content is primarily in Danish.

Medlemsorientering (Membership Information)

This section serves to inform SUFOI members about the organization's ongoing work. The Executive Committee's responsibilities and competencies were previously detailed, and this update focuses on recent activities.

Forretningsudvalget (Executive Committee)

A significant portion of the committee's time in February was dedicated to issues surrounding the recently implemented VAT registration. While the transition itself is over, SUFOI has been heavily involved in the subsequent accounting work. The committee is seeking more efficient methods to manage the increased workload with the same personnel. Gunner Weichardt is specifically highlighted for his substantial contribution to the accounting department, which made the transition period manageable.

Beyond VAT issues, the committee has been actively exploring opportunities for future book publications. SUFOI is in discussions with a Copenhagen-based publisher interested in co-publishing books. The economic aspects of a potential agreement have been settled, which will allow SUFOI members (annual subscribers) to purchase a recently released book at a special discounted price. Both the publisher and SUFOI have ideas for which books to publish, with plans to reveal more in the next UFO-NYT issue once the collaboration agreement is finalized and approved.

Other tasks undertaken by the committee include organizing the sale of UFO-NYT from train station kiosks, exploring advertising opportunities in UFO-NYT, relocating the expedition department to Rødovre, preparing presentation materials, and planning the Representative Meeting. The meeting was held on Sunday, March 21st, in Copenhagen, and its minutes will be published in the next issue.

SUFOI's Expedition

All work within SUFOI is voluntary, and sometimes personal professional commitments require individuals to step back. Egon Jørgensen has resigned from the expedition department due to these demands, and as of April 1st, Erik Benny Johansen will take over. Jørgensen is credited with ensuring the expedition ran smoothly, and his significant effort is acknowledged. The work involved is substantial, and Johansen, who is also part of SUFOI's PR department, will continue the work. The plan is to find one or more assistants immediately to prevent overwork.

UFO-Litteratur (UFO Literature)

Following up on a previous mention of recommended books for understanding the development of the UFO phenomenon, the author notes a broad interest in the background of UFO issues. Major Keyhoe's book, mentioned previously, is recommended for understanding military perspectives on UFOs, particularly in the USA. This book, published in 1954, offers a limited perspective. For later developments, other sources are needed. The issue also references a SUFOI publication from a few years prior, "UFO'er – det største videnskabelige problem?" by American physics professor James E. McDonald. The magazine regrets that this book is out of print, describing it as one of the best introductions to understanding the "denial policy" practiced today. Reprints are not yet scheduled, but local libraries may have copies.

A survey of Danish libraries indicated that the book was frequently available, with an average of two copies per library.

The author also addresses requests for English-language UFO books available through public libraries. While many libraries have limited selections, Aarhus, Odense, and the Greater Copenhagen area have more extensive collections of foreign UFO books. These can still be ordered through interlibrary loan.

Three significant English-language UFO books are recommended for acquisition through a main library:

1. "Scientific Study of Flying Objects" by Dr. Edw. U. Condon, edited by Daniel S. Gillmor (1968), also known as the "Condon Report."
2. "UFO's? Yes!, where the Condon Committee Went Wrong" by David R. Saunders & R. Roger Harkins (1968), considered a response to the Condon Report.
3. "The World of Flying Saucers" by Donald H. Menzel and L. G. Boyd (1963), published by Doubleday, which is noted as being less positive towards the concept of unidentified objects.

Information was also requested about UFO literature in Norwegian and Swedish libraries. So far, only one response has been received from Ålesund, Norway, from a member named I. N., who states their library only has one book by Adamski: "Flyvende tallerkener er landet" (Flying Saucers Have Landed). Further information on UFO books in Norwegian and Swedish libraries is requested.

The next issue will discuss books related to Adamski's alleged encounters with extraterrestrial beings.

Medarbejdere til SUFOI! (Staff for SUFOI!)

The magazine appeals for new volunteers. While many express a desire to work with SUFOI, the commitment often wanes quickly. To ensure a good fit, potential volunteers should align with SUFOI's guidelines (distinguishing it from other UFO organizations), have read UFO-NYT for at least a year, and be familiar with common UFO literature. All work for SUFOI is unpaid and must be done in free time.

SUFOI has many plans but lacks staff, particularly in the Greater Copenhagen area. Interested individuals are encouraged to contact the PR department (new address on page 2) for more information.

Members are also invited to submit proposals for topics UFO-NYT should cover or suggestions for simplifying and expanding the information dissemination efforts. All correspondence should be sent to the PR department.

UFO-mærkaterne myldrer ud (UFO Stickers are Swarming Out)

UFO stickers are selling quickly from the expedition department, and stock is dwindling. These stickers are designed to draw attention to the UFO issue and can be used on letters, packages, and postcards. They are described as fitting perfectly on matchboxes.

• Pricing:
• 20 sheets (self-adhesive): 120 stickers for DKK 10,-
• 10 sheets: 60 stickers for DKK 6,- (including postage)

Orders should be sent with payment to the Accounting Office, attn: Gunnar Weichardt, Oxford Allé 3 A, 2300 København S. Giro account: 11 77 25.

Var Guderne Astronauter? (Were the Gods Astronauts?)

This section promotes a new book titled "VAR GUDERNE ASTRONAUTER?" by Ernst v. Khuon. The book compiles key contributions to the scientific discussion surrounding Erich von Däniken's theories, which have gained significant international attention. Von Däniken's books, such as "Chariots of the Gods?," "The Gods From Outer Space," and "Back to the Stars," challenge conventional views and have sparked debate. The book is expected to be of great importance for those seeking to understand the arguments and counter-arguments related to von Däniken's work. The book is due out soon with a price of approximately DKK 45.00 and is published by STRUBES FORLAG.

Cicero skrev – år 51 f. Kr. (Cicero wrote – 51 B.C.)

This short piece quotes Cicero's "Scipios drøm" (Scipio's Dream), published by Gyldendal in 1966. The quote describes Earth as a globe, with sparsely populated and widely separated habitable areas. It notes the vastness of uninhabited regions and the isolation of inhabitants, some living in different hemispheres or as antipodes. Cicero also describes Earth as being encircled by zones, with the outer two frozen, the middle one intensely hot, and only two habitable zones. The southern habitable zone is described as having inhabitants who face the opposite direction from the reader's zone. The northern zone, where the Romans reside, is depicted as a small island, narrow from north to south and wider from east to west, surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The magazine consistently promotes SUFOI's activities and encourages member participation. There is a strong emphasis on providing information about UFO phenomena through literature reviews and organizational updates. The publication also engages with broader cultural and historical topics that intersect with UFO theories, such as ancient astronaut hypotheses. The editorial stance appears to be one of open inquiry, while also maintaining a structured approach to research and organization, as evidenced by the call for volunteers and the discussion of organizational procedures.