2012 00 00 Chaotic Modeling and Simulation - Vol 2 - Krasnoholovets

Magazine Overview

This document is a scientific paper titled "A Sub Microscopic Description of the Formation of Crop Circles," published in Chaotic Modeling and Simulation (CMSIM) Volume 2, Issue 2, in 2012. The authors are Volodymyr Krasnoholovets and Ivan Gandzha, affiliated with Indra Scientific in Brussels, Belgium. The paper explores a theoretical mechanism for the formation of crop circles, linking them to geophysical processes within the Earth.

Abstract and Keywords

The abstract states that the paper describes a sub-microscopic mechanism responsible for crop circle appearance, attributing it to intra-terrestrial processes in the Earth's outer core and mantle. It hypothesizes magnetostriction phenomena at the boundary of liquid and solid nickel-iron layers, leading to the emission of inerton fields. These fields, traveling through non-homogeneous channels in the mantle and crust, reach the surface and affect local plants, causing them to bend and form crop circles. The mechanism is compared to image formation in a kaleidoscope under photon illumination. Keywords include: Crop circles, Inertons, Mantle and Crustle channels, Magnetostriction of rocks.

1 Introduction

The introduction highlights that crop circles are characterized by stalks bent up to ninety degrees without breaking, often appearing softened and internally expanded. Many formations are associated with high magnetic susceptibility due to adherent coatings of iron oxides. Previous research suggested crop formations involve organized ion plasma vortices delivering atmospheric energy. The paper also notes that geophysical studies suggest regional semi-global magnetic fields generated by thermal-magmatic energy in the Earth's mantle, and that magnetostriction of the crust (alteration of rock magnetization by stress) is a significant factor. A recent study [8] proposed magnetostriction as a mechanism for earthquake triggering, noting that even small stress changes can trigger earthquakes. The authors state that they are basing their study of crop circles on weaker deformations associated with magnetostriction of rocks.

2 Preliminaries

This section delves into the theoretical underpinnings of the proposed mechanism. The authors' previous studies indicated that magnetostriction is accompanied by the emission of inerton fields. They define inertons as carriers of the field of inertia, derived from a theory of real space as a mathematical lattice of topological balls (tessel-lattice). Particles are seen as volumetrically deformed cells of this lattice, and their motion generates elementary excitations called inertons, which form a cloud around the particle and represent its force of inertia. This sub-microscopic mechanics is linked to conventional quantum mechanics, where the inerton cloud corresponds to the particle's wave-function. The paper notes that free inertons can exceed the velocity of light [15]. Experiments with LiNbO3 crystals [17] showed that under laser illumination, electron droplets formed, with their restraining force attributed to inerton fields, leading to the formation of 'heavy electrons' with significantly increased mass. The authors also state that inerton fields can act as field catalysts in chemical reactions, speeding them up. They propose that inerton fields originating from the ground are relevant to crop circle formation. The Earth's crust is approximately 20 km thick, and the mantle extends over 3000 km. Magnetostrictive rocks in the mantle contract with a coefficient of about 10⁻⁵ [8], triggering inerton radiation flows that travel through mantle and crust channels, which are described as non-homogeneous inclusions.

3 Elastic rod bending model

This section models the physical bending of plant stalks. A stalk is modeled as an elastic rod deformed by an external force distributed uniformly along its length, attributed to inerton flow. Mathematical equations are derived to describe the vertical and horizontal forces required to bend the rod, considering its moment of inertia (I) and Young's modulus (E). The breaking force (fbreak) for wheat stalks is estimated to be approximately 0.163 N, and a non-breaking force (fbend) is calculated as approximately 0.0027 N. The paper concludes that any extraneous force F applied to a stalk can fold it if fbend ≤ F ≤ fbreak. The gravity force (fgrav) is also calculated.

4 Motion of the rotating central field

This section describes the motion of inertons within a mantle-crust channel, modeled as a retaining potential U. The Lagrangian for the planar motion of a batch of inertons is defined, including a dependence on angular velocity to account for Earth's rotation. The potential U(r, φ) is chosen as a sum of a central-force harmonic potential and a rotation-field potential. The resulting equations of motion are derived and presented in explicit form, including equations for radial and angular acceleration. The second equation represents the conservation of angular momentum. Figures 2-9 illustrate various trajectories, velocities, and accelerations of inertons under different parameter values, showing complex patterns that could relate to crop circle formations. The paper notes that the acceleration of inerton batches is estimated to be between 10 to 15 m/s².

5 Kaleidoscope model

The kaleidoscope model offers a static description of inerton structures. It assumes that a bunch of inertons reflects from the walls of a channel, generating patterns similar to those seen in a kaleidoscope. This model, when combined with the rotating central field model, can generate more complex patterns. The paper suggests that figures depicting inerton trajectories (Figs. 2, 4, 8, 9) show possible patterns of crop circles generated by mantle-crust inerton flows.

Estimation of Inerton Radiation Intensity

The paper estimates the intensity of inerton radiation needed to form a crop circle of 100 m² area. Assuming a mass of mantle-crust rocks (Mrocks) and a magnetostriction coefficient (C), and considering low-frequency striction activity, the flow of mass (μ₂) is estimated to be around 500 kg. This mass is distributed over the area, with each square meter supporting 1000 stalks. Each stalk can thus catch an additional mass of about 5 g from the inerton flow. The force of inertons bending and breaking stalks is estimated as F = μα ≈ 0.05 to 0.075 N, which exceeds the bending force and gravity, but still satisfies the inequalities for non-breaking folding.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring theme throughout the paper is the proposal of a novel, sub-microscopic physical mechanism for crop circle formation, rooted in geophysical processes within the Earth. The authors consistently link crop circle phenomena to inerton fields, magnetostriction, and the complex dynamics of the Earth's interior. The editorial stance, as reflected in the publication in Chaotic Modeling and Simulation, appears to be open to theoretical and complex modeling approaches to explain phenomena that are not fully understood by conventional science. The paper emphasizes a theoretical, physics-based explanation, moving away from purely atmospheric or extraterrestrial hypotheses.

This document is an excerpt from "Chaotic Modeling and Simulation (CMSIM)", Volume 2, published in 2012. It contains the conclusions, acknowledgements, and references section of a study.

Conclusions

The study proposes a novel approach to the conception and description of crop circles, rooted in fundamental physics at a submicroscopic level. This theory is presented as multi-aspect and is claimed to shed light on fine processes occurring within the Earth's crust and mantle. The authors suggest that their investigation will enable researchers to enhance mathematical models for describing crop circle shapes, focus more effectively on biological changes observed in plants from crop circles, achieve greater progress in understanding the subtle dynamics of the Earth's crust, and consider more refined methods for earthquake prediction.

Acknowledgements

The authors express their gratitude to Professor Christos H. Skiadas for inviting them to participate in the 4th Chaotic Modelling and Simulation International Conference (CHAOS 2011), held in Agio Nicolaos, Crete, during May-June 2011, where this work was presented.

References

The references section lists 23 entries, primarily academic papers and books, focusing on topics related to crop formations, physics, geology, and mathematical modeling. Key references include works by W. C. Levengood on anatomical anomalies in crop formation plants and semi-molten meteoric iron, M. Bounias and V. Krasnoholovets on scanning the structure of ill-known spaces and the universe from nothing, and V. Krasnoholovets on submicroscopic deterministic quantum mechanics and inerton fields. Other cited works cover the physics of crop formations, the rotation of the Earth, earthquake triggering mechanisms, and the mechanical properties of plant stems.

Recurring Themes and Editorial Stance

The recurring themes in this excerpt are crop circles, fundamental physics, Earth sciences (crust and mantle dynamics), and earthquake prediction. The editorial stance, as reflected in the conclusions, is one of proposing a new, scientifically grounded approach to understanding complex phenomena like crop circles and their potential connection to geological processes. The journal appears to focus on interdisciplinary research that bridges theoretical physics with observational phenomena and practical applications like disaster prediction.